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[[Image:Pawnee As-Sau-Taw-Ka-(White-Horse).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pawnee As-Sau-Taw-Ka-(White-Horse).jpg]]  
[[Image:Pawnee As-Sau-Taw-Ka-(White-Horse).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pawnee As-Sau-Taw-Ka-(White-Horse).jpg]]  


To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]]
=== Introduction ===
 
'''Ancestral Homeland: '''[[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]] and [[Indians of Nebraska|Nebraska]] (on Platte River and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River)  
'''Ancestral Homeland: '''[[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]] and [[Indians of Nebraska|Nebraska]] (on Platte River and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River)  


The Pawnee Nation is primarily associated with the state of [[Indians of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] <ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 [http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/lists/FederallyRecognized2002.pdf Available online]</ref>.  
The Pawnee Nation is primarily associated with the state of [[Indians of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] <ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 [http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/lists/FederallyRecognized2002.pdf Available online]</ref>.  
Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,396 <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 236 </ref>


Linguistic Group: Caddoan  
Linguistic Group: Caddoan  
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=== Tribal Headquarters  ===
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===


Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma <br>P.O. Box 470<br>Pawnee, OK 74058<br>Phone: 1.918.762.3621<br>Fax: 1.918.762.6446
''' Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma''' <br>881 Little Dee Drive / P.O. Box 470<br>Pawnee, OK 74058<br>Phone: 918-762-3621<br>[http://www.pawneenation.org/ Website]
 
*[http://www.pawneenation.org/ Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma ]Official Website
 
Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,396 <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 236 </ref>


=== History  ===
=== History  ===
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*'''1770:''' Southern Pawnee migrated northward near the Northern Pawnee (Skidi) Platte River, Loup River, and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River (Nebraska)  
*'''1770:''' Southern Pawnee migrated northward near the Northern Pawnee (Skidi) Platte River, Loup River, and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River (Nebraska)  
*June 18-22,1818: St. Louis, Missouri Territory. Peace was concluded with the tribes of the region disturbed by the War of 1812.  
*June 18-22,1818: St. Louis, Missouri Territory. Peace was concluded with the tribes of the region disturbed by the War of 1812.  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/gra0156.htm 1818] June 18,Treaty with the Grand Pawnee  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/gra0156.htm 1818] June 18, Treaty with the Grand Pawnee  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0157.htm 1818] June 19, Treaty with the Pitahuerat Noisy Pawnee  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0157.htm 1818] June 19, Treaty with the Pitahuerat Noisy Pawnee  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0158.htm 1818] June 20, Treaty with the Pawnee Republic  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0158.htm 1818] June 20, Treaty with the Pawnee Republic  
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*1856-59: [[Otoe Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Otoe Agency]]  
*1856-59: [[Otoe Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Otoe Agency]]  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0764.htm 1857] September 24, Treaty at Table Creek, Nebraska Territory, land ceded, reservation. provision for half-breeds  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/paw0764.htm 1857] September 24, Treaty at Table Creek, Nebraska Territory, land ceded, reservation. provision for half-breeds  
*1859 Judge [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lisle_Gillis James Lisle Gillis] was appointed special agent for the Pawnee. He decided to locate the agency in Genoa, ([http://www.ci.genoa.ne.us/history.asp Genoa, Nance County, Nebraska]) Mormons had originally established Genoa. He forced the Mormons to leave.  
*1859 Judge [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lisle_Gillis James Lisle Gillis] was appointed special agent for the Pawnee. He decided to locate the agency in Genoa, ([http://www.ci.genoa.ne.us/history.asp Genoa, Nance County, Nebraska]) Latter-day Saints had originally established Genoa. He forced the Latter-day Saints to leave.  
*1859-80: [[Pawnee Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Pawnee Agency]] (Nebraska)  
*1859-80: [[Pawnee Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Pawnee Agency]] (Nebraska)  
*1861-1865: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_North Frank Joshua North] and [http://nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/manuscripts/family/northluther.htm Luther H. North] (brothers) of Columbus, Nebraska organized the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee_Scouts Pawnee Scout] for service on the frontier during the Civil War.  
*1861-1865: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_North Frank Joshua North] and Luther H. North (brothers) of Columbus, Nebraska organized the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee_Scouts Pawnee Scout] for service on the frontier during the Civil War.  
*1869 June 9, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Summit_Springs Battle of Summit] Springs, Major (Brevet Major General) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Asa_Carr Eugene A. Carr] commander of the 5th U.S. Cavalry, lead and expedition against the Cheyenne along the Republican River. Major Frank J. North and the Pawnee Scouts participated.<ref> Nebraska Historical Tour Guide. by D. Ray Wilson.Pub. by Crossroads Communications, Carpentersville, IL. C. 1983 FHL book 978.2 E6wd </ref>  
*1869 June 9, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Summit_Springs Battle of Summit] Springs, Major (Brevet Major General) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Asa_Carr Eugene A. Carr] commander of the 5th U.S. Cavalry, lead and expedition against the Cheyenne along the Republican River. Major Frank J. North and the Pawnee Scouts participated.<ref> Nebraska Historical Tour Guide. by D. Ray Wilson.Pub. by Crossroads Communications, Carpentersville, IL. C. 1983 FS Library book 978.2 E6wd </ref>  
*1865-1885''':''' Frank and Luther North organized a battalion (U.S. Army) of [[Pawnee Scouts, Nebraska Cavalry|Pawnee scouts]]; they worked as guard for railroad construction crews.  
*1865-1885''':''' Frank and Luther North organized a battalion (U.S. Army) of [[Pawnee Scouts, Nebraska Cavalry|Pawnee scouts]]; they worked as guard for railroad construction crews.  
*1873 August 5, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_Canyon Massacre Canyon]; Sioux war party ambushed a Pawnee hunting party killing 150. The [[Sioux Indians|Sioux]] were tribal enemies of the Pawnee.  
*1873 August 5, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_Canyon Massacre Canyon]; Sioux war party ambushed a Pawnee hunting party killing 150. The [[Sioux Indians|Sioux]] were tribal enemies of the Pawnee.  
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Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/pawnee/pawneehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Pawnee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017342 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi]. <br>  
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/pawnee/pawneehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Pawnee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017342 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi]. <br>  


''Pawnee Pride: A History of Pawnee County''. By Kenny A. Franks and Paul F. Lambert. Oklahoma Heritage Association C 1994 {{FHL|737937|item|disp+FHL Book 976.626 H2f}} <br>  
''Pawnee Pride: A History of Pawnee County''. By Kenny A. Franks and Paul F. Lambert. Oklahoma Heritage Association C 1994 {{FSC|737937|item|disp+FS Library Book 976.626 H2f}} <br>  


''Indian Sketcher Taken During an Expedition to the Pawnee Tribes'' [1833]. by John Treat Irving, Jr. and Ed John Francis McDermott. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK C 1955 {{FHL|163642|item|disp=FHL Book 970.3 P289}} <br>  
''Indian Sketcher Taken During an Expedition to the Pawnee Tribes'' [1833]. by John Treat Irving, Jr. and Ed John Francis McDermott. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK C 1955 {{FSC|163642|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 P289}} <br>  


''The Pawnee Indians'', By George E. Hyde. C 1951. University of Oklahoma Press {{FHL|92071|item|disp=FHL Book 970.3 P289h}} <br>  
''The Pawnee Indians'', By George E. Hyde. C 1951. University of Oklahoma Press {{FSC|92071|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 P289h}} <br>  


=== Records  ===
=== Records  ===
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==== Allotment  ====
==== Allotment  ====


[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment]] Rolls and Index to allotment numbers, 1887-1929. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX {{FHL|402465|item|disp=FHL film 1204636}} Items 2 and 3 <br>  
[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment]] Rolls and Index to allotment numbers, 1887-1929. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX {{FSC|402465|item|disp=FS Library film 1204636}} Items 2 and 3 <br>  


Pawnee Indian Reservation Land Allotment Ledger. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. {{FHL|353490|item|disp=FHL film 1025300}} <br>  
Pawnee Indian Reservation Land Allotment Ledger. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. {{FSC|353490|item|disp=FS Library film 1025300}} <br>  


Tribal owned land: 726.03 acres. Allotted lands 19,399.51 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FHL book 970.1 In2 page 235 </ref>  
Tribal owned land: 726.03 acres. Allotted lands 19,399.51 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 235 </ref>  


==== Annuity Payroll Records  ====
==== Annuity Payroll Records  ====


[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity]] Payroll records, 1883-1928. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX {{FHL|249393|item|disp=FHL film 1023974}} Item 2 (first of 5 films) <br>  
[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity]] Payroll records, 1883-1928. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX {{FSC|249393|item|disp=FS Library film 1023974}} Item 2 (first of 5 films) <br>  


==== Cemetery Records  ====
==== Cemetery Records  ====


Pawnee County Oklahoma Cemeteries. By Beverly Herver Tubbs and John Joseph Balcer III. Vol 1 c. 1991. Published by Lone Chimney Press, Morrison, OK {{FHL|502907|item|disp-FHL book 976.626 V3t Vol 1 }}<br>  
Pawnee County Oklahoma Cemeteries. By Beverly Herver Tubbs and John Joseph Balcer III. Vol 1 c. 1991. Published by Lone Chimney Press, Morrison, OK {{FSC|502907|item|disp-FS Library book 976.626 V3t Vol 1 }}<br>  


==== Census  ====
==== Census  ====


''1889-1891 Rolls of Indian Tribes in Oklahoma''. by Emily Johnson including the Pawnee Tribe {{FHL|330956|item|disp=FHL film 227281}}  
''1889-1891 Rolls of Indian Tribes in Oklahoma''. by Emily Johnson including the Pawnee Tribe {{FSC|330956|item|disp=FS Library film 227281}}  


=== Correspondence and Census  ===
=== Correspondence and Census  ===
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Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 RG 75 Rolls 962  
Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 RG 75 Rolls 962  


! scope="col" | FHL Film Number  
! scope="col" | FS Library Film Number  
! 1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 Roll Numbers  
! 1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 Roll Numbers  
! Film Numbers
! Film Numbers
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| Washington D.C.  
| Washington D.C.  
| Rolls 883-88  
| Rolls 883-88  
| {{FHL|403528|item|disp=FHL film 1661613 - 1661618}}  
| {{FSC|403528|item|disp=FS Library film 1661613 - 1661618}}  
| Rolls 386-391  
| Rolls 386-391  
| {{FHL|297519|item|disp= FHL film 579745 - 579753}}
| {{FSC|297519|item|disp= FS Library film 579745 - 579753}}
|-
|-
|  
|  
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| Kansas City  
| Kansas City  
| Rolls 215-18  
| Rolls 215-18  
| {{FHL|403528|item|disp=FHL film 1660945 - 1660948}}  
| {{FSC|403528|item|disp=FS Library film 1660945 - 1660948}}  
|  
|  
|  
|  
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| Washington D.C.and Fort Worth  
| Washington D.C.and Fort Worth  
| Rolls 659-68, 670-77  
| Rolls 659-68, 670-77  
| {{FHL|403528|item|disp=FHL film  1661389 - 1661398}}  
| {{FSC|403528|item|disp=FS Library film  1661389 - 1661398}}  
| Rolls 336-43, 386-91  
| Rolls 336-43, 386-91  
| {{FHL|297519|item|disp=FHL film  580765 - 580770}}
| {{FSC|297519|item|disp=FS Library film  580765 - 580770}}
|}
|}


==== Heirship Records  ====
==== Heirship Records  ====


Heirship Records Prior to 1940. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs Pawnee Agency. {{FHL|427095|item|disp=FHL film 1205533}} Item 2 <br>  
Heirship Records Prior to 1940. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs Pawnee Agency. {{FSC|427095|item|disp=FS Library film 1205533}} Item 2 <br>  


Register of Indian Families, Pawnee Tribe, 1905-1907. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency Fort Worth, TX {{FHL|40264|item|disp=FHL film 1023976}} Item 2 <br>  
Register of Indian Families, Pawnee Tribe, 1905-1907. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency Fort Worth, TX {{FSC|40264|item|disp=FS Library film 1023976}} Item 2 <br>  


==== Military Records  ====
==== Military Records  ====
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*[[American Indians in the Civil War|American Indians in the Civil War]]
*[[American Indians in the Civil War|American Indians in the Civil War]]


Original Discharge Papers, 1864-1877 (Military-Civil War) United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. {{FHL|402496|item|disp=FHL film 1205532}} item 1 <br>  
Original Discharge Papers, 1864-1877 (Military-Civil War) United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. {{FSC|402496|item|disp=FS Library film 1205532}} item 1 <br>  


Debra Graden, [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=3738&o_xid=8911&o_lid=8911 Nebraska Pawnee Scouts,1861-69]. {database on-line} Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com 1999 <br>  
Debra Graden, [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=3738&o_xid=8911&o_lid=8911 Nebraska Pawnee Scouts,1861-69]. {database on-line} Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com 1999 <br>  


''The Fighting Norths and Pawnee Scouts: Narrative and Reminiscences of Military Service on the Old Frontier''. by Robert Bruce {{FHL|191471|item| disp= FHL fiche 6101592}} or book 970.3 P289b  
''The Fighting Norths and Pawnee Scouts: Narrative and Reminiscences of Military Service on the Old Frontier''. by Robert Bruce {{FSC|191471|item| disp= FS Library fiche 6101592}} or book 970.3 P289b  


==== School Records  ====
==== School Records  ====


[[American Indian School Records|School]] Census, 1934-1944. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx {{FHL|402442|item|disp=FHL films 1204636 and 1205532}} <br> Pawnee School Student Roster, 1947-1950. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency, Fort Worth, TX {{FHL|233637|item| disp=FHL film 1205530}} item 6 <br>  
[[American Indian School Records|School]] Census, 1934-1944. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx {{FSC|402442|item|disp=FS Library films 1204636 and 1205532}} <br> Pawnee School Student Roster, 1947-1950. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency, Fort Worth, TX {{FSC|233637|item| disp=FS Library film 1205530}} item 6 <br>  


=== Vital Records  ===
=== Vital Records  ===


*Register of Vital Statistics, 1909-1952; delayed birth certificates, 1944-1952. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency {{FHL|402476|item|disp=FHL film 1204636 item 4 and 1204636 item 5-6}}<br>
*Register of Vital Statistics, 1909-1952; delayed birth certificates, 1944-1952. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency {{FSC|402476|item|disp=FS Library film 1204636 item 4 and 1204636 item 5-6}}<br>


*Register of Birth and Deaths of Pawnee, Kaw, Ponca, Otoe, and Tonkawa Indian Tribes, 1915-1929. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx {{FHL|43175|item|disp=FHL film 1023976}} item 2<br>
*Register of Birth and Deaths of Pawnee, Kaw, Ponca, Otoe, and Tonkawa Indian Tribes, 1915-1929. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx {{FSC|43175|item|disp=FS Library film 1023976}} item 2<br>


*Pawnee Agency, M595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|579750|item|disp=FHL Film: 579750}}<br>
*Pawnee Agency, M595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FSC|579750|item|disp=FS Library Film: 579750}}<br>


==== Treaties:  ====
==== Treaties:  ====
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*'''1892: '''land in '''severalty''' and became citizens of the U.S.Also listed in Treaties with Marhar, Tappaye, Loups, Republic, Republicans Indians L R Listed below in references: Kappler, Charles J.''Indian Treaties 1778-1883'', Interland Publishing Inc. New York, NY. 1972 ISNB 0-87989-02508
*'''1892: '''land in '''severalty''' and became citizens of the U.S.Also listed in Treaties with Marhar, Tappaye, Loups, Republic, Republicans Indians L R Listed below in references: Kappler, Charles J.''Indian Treaties 1778-1883'', Interland Publishing Inc. New York, NY. 1972 ISNB 0-87989-02508


==== Family History Library  ====
==== FamilySearch Library  ====


The FamilySearch Catalog list over 70 records of interest to [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Pawnee+Indians&prekeyword=Pawnee+Indians Pawnee Indians]  
The FamilySearch Catalog list over 70 records of interest to [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Pawnee+Indians&prekeyword=Pawnee+Indians Pawnee Indians]  
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[http://www.worldcat.org/title/pawnee-nation-an-annotated-research-bibliography/oclc/123076957 ''The Pawnee Nation: An Annotated Research Bibliography'']. by Judith A. Boughter. Lanham, MD.: Native American Bibliography Series, no. 28. Scarecrow Press, 2004.  
[http://www.worldcat.org/title/pawnee-nation-an-annotated-research-bibliography/oclc/123076957 ''The Pawnee Nation: An Annotated Research Bibliography'']. by Judith A. Boughter. Lanham, MD.: Native American Bibliography Series, no. 28. Scarecrow Press, 2004.  


==== Important Web Sites ====
==== Important Websites ====


*[http://www.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/pawneeconstitution/pawneeconsttoc.htm Constitution of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma]  
*[http://www.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/pawneeconstitution/pawneeconsttoc.htm Constitution of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma]  
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==== Bibliography  ====
==== Bibliography  ====


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. *Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. <br>
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}. <br>
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998.
4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 G131g}}<br>
Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific <br>
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 Vol., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978–
Volume 1 -- Not yet published Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br> Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br> Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br> Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5}}. Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6}}. Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311] Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8}}. Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9}}. Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10}}. Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11}}. Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12}}. Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643] Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176] Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15}}. Volume 16 -- Not yet published Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746] Volume 18 -- Not yet published Volume 19 -- Not yet published Volume 20 -- Not yet published
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.
*Kappler, Charles J. Indian Treaties 1778-1883. Interland Publishing Inc. New York, NY 1972. ISBN0-87989-025-8; FHL book 970.1 K142i&lt;/ref&gt;


[[Category:Oklahoma_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Kansas_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Nebraska_Indian_Tribes]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Oklahoma]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Kansas]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Nebraska]]

Latest revision as of 00:54, 9 December 2022

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Guide to Pawnee Nation ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records.

Pawnee As-Sau-Taw-Ka-(White-Horse).jpg

Introduction

Ancestral Homeland: Kansas and Nebraska (on Platte River and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River)

The Pawnee Nation is primarily associated with the state of Oklahoma [1].

Population: 1984: Total enrollment 2,396 [2]

Linguistic Group: Caddoan

Tribal Headquarters

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
881 Little Dee Drive / P.O. Box 470
Pawnee, OK 74058
Phone: 918-762-3621
Website

History

A history of the Pawnee Nation is included in a National Historical Register .pdf file, p. 29ff., available on the internet (takes time to load).

The Pawnee Nation (Confederacy) consisted of four bands:

  • Chaui or Grand Pawnee,
  • Kitkehahki or Republican Pawnee,
  • Pitahuerat or Tapage Pawnee,
  • Skidi or Skiri Pawnee

Tribal Leaders

Republican band - Blue Coat (1848)

Brief Timeline

  • 1541: Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado made contact with the tribe
  • 1601: Juan de Onate a Spanish explorer
  • 1770: Southern Pawnee migrated northward near the Northern Pawnee (Skidi) Platte River, Loup River, and the Republican Fork of the Kansas River (Nebraska)
  • June 18-22,1818: St. Louis, Missouri Territory. Peace was concluded with the tribes of the region disturbed by the War of 1812.
  • 1818 June 18, Treaty with the Grand Pawnee
  • 1818 June 19, Treaty with the Pitahuerat Noisy Pawnee
  • 1818 June 20, Treaty with the Pawnee Republic
  • 1818 June 22, Treaty with the Pawnee Marhar
  • 1824-37: Upper Missouri Agency
  • 1825 September 30, Treaty at Fort Atkinson, (Council Bluffs), Iowa, regulation of trade
  • 1831 Smallpox epidemic killed nearly half of the Tribal members
  • 1833 October 9,Treaty at Grand Pawnee Village on the Platte River, land ceded "all land lying south of the Platte River: annuity: $4,600 in goods"
  • 1834-1847: Presbyterian Missionaries John Dunbar, Samuel Allis, and Dr. Satterlee, established a church
  • 1837-56: Council Bluffs Agency
  • 1848 August 6, Treaty at Fort Childs, Nebraska ceded 60 mile strip on the Platte River and Grand Island
  • 1849 Cholera killed 1,200 of the Tribe.
  • 1856-59: Otoe Agency
  • 1857 September 24, Treaty at Table Creek, Nebraska Territory, land ceded, reservation. provision for half-breeds
  • 1859 Judge James Lisle Gillis was appointed special agent for the Pawnee. He decided to locate the agency in Genoa, (Genoa, Nance County, Nebraska) Latter-day Saints had originally established Genoa. He forced the Latter-day Saints to leave.
  • 1859-80: Pawnee Agency (Nebraska)
  • 1861-1865: Frank Joshua North and Luther H. North (brothers) of Columbus, Nebraska organized the Pawnee Scout for service on the frontier during the Civil War.
  • 1869 June 9, Battle of Summit Springs, Major (Brevet Major General) Eugene A. Carr commander of the 5th U.S. Cavalry, lead and expedition against the Cheyenne along the Republican River. Major Frank J. North and the Pawnee Scouts participated.[3]
  • 1865-1885: Frank and Luther North organized a battalion (U.S. Army) of Pawnee scouts; they worked as guard for railroad construction crews.
  • 1873 August 5, Massacre Canyon; Sioux war party ambushed a Pawnee hunting party killing 150. The Sioux were tribal enemies of the Pawnee.
  • 1873-1874: Two groups removed from homeland along the Platte River in Nebraska to a reservation in Indian Territory near the Cimarron River (Pawnee County, Oklahoma)
  • 1874-1876 Removal population of Tribe 650
  • 1875: A third group (mainly the Skidis) removed to Indian Territory, lead by Baptiste Bayhylle
  • 1875- Present: Pawnee Agency (Oklahoma)
  • 1873-75: Wichita Agency
  • 1876: Pawnee Reservation on Loup River established
  • 1883: Population of Tribe 1,213
  • 1883: Woman's National Indian Association established a mission it became the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1884
  • 1892: Land in severity and became citizens of the U.S.
  • 1936 The Tribe approved a constitution.
  • 1937 an official census of the Pawnee Indian Tribe of Oklahoma compiled.
  • 1962 Pawnee Indian Tribe of Oklahoma v. The United States. United States Court of Federal Claims

Agencies with Jurisdiction over the Tribe

Agencies maintained the records of the tribe. See: Pawnee Indian Agency (Nebraska) and Pawnee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)

The Pawnee Nation was assigned to the following Agencies: Many records for the Pawnee tribe are listed on the Agency pages.

1824-37: Upper Missouri Agency 1837-56: Council Bluffs Agency 1856-59: Otoe Agency 1859-80: Pawnee Agency (Nebraska) 1873-1875: Wichita Agency 1875- Present: Pawnee Agency (Oklahoma) These agencies were under the following Superintendencies: St. Louis Superintendency, Central Superintendency and Northern Superintendency

Superintendencies

Records for Superintendencies exist in the National Archives and copies of many of them are also available in other research facilities.

St. Louis Superintendency

Central Superintendency

Northern Superintendency

Reservations

Pawnee Reservation (Oklahoma)

Additional References to the History of the Tribe

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Pawnee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details in David Bushnell's Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.

Pawnee Pride: A History of Pawnee County. By Kenny A. Franks and Paul F. Lambert. Oklahoma Heritage Association C 1994 FS Library Collection

Indian Sketcher Taken During an Expedition to the Pawnee Tribes [1833]. by John Treat Irving, Jr. and Ed John Francis McDermott. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK C 1955 FS Library Book 970.3 P289

The Pawnee Indians, By George E. Hyde. C 1951. University of Oklahoma Press FS Library Book 970.3 P289h

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Allotment

Allotment Rolls and Index to allotment numbers, 1887-1929. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX FS Library film 1204636 Items 2 and 3

Pawnee Indian Reservation Land Allotment Ledger. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. FS Library film 1025300

Tribal owned land: 726.03 acres. Allotted lands 19,399.51 acres. [4]

Annuity Payroll Records

Annuity Payroll records, 1883-1928. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX FS Library film 1023974 Item 2 (first of 5 films)

Cemetery Records

Pawnee County Oklahoma Cemeteries. By Beverly Herver Tubbs and John Joseph Balcer III. Vol 1 c. 1991. Published by Lone Chimney Press, Morrison, OK FS Library Collection

Census

1889-1891 Rolls of Indian Tribes in Oklahoma. by Emily Johnson including the Pawnee Tribe FS Library film 227281

Correspondence and Census

Tribe Agency Location of Original Records

Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 RG 75 Rolls 962

FS Library Film Number 1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693 Roll Numbers Film Numbers
Pawnee
Upper Missouri Agency, 1824-37 Washington D.C. Rolls 883-88 FS Library film 1661613 - 1661618 Rolls 386-391 FS Library film 579745 - 579753
Pawnee Council Bluffs Agency 1837-56 Kansas City Rolls 215-18 FS Library film 1660945 - 1660948
Pawnee (Ponca) Agency, 1859-1964 Washington D.C.and Fort Worth Rolls 659-68, 670-77 FS Library film 1661389 - 1661398 Rolls 336-43, 386-91 FS Library film 580765 - 580770

Heirship Records

Heirship Records Prior to 1940. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs Pawnee Agency. FS Library film 1205533 Item 2

Register of Indian Families, Pawnee Tribe, 1905-1907. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency Fort Worth, TX FS Library film 1023976 Item 2

Military Records

  • 1861-1869 Pawnee Scouts of Nebraska; list of Pawnee's who served as scouts for the military www.ancestry.com

Original Discharge Papers, 1864-1877 (Military-Civil War) United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, TX. FS Library film 1205532 item 1

Debra Graden, Nebraska Pawnee Scouts,1861-69. {database on-line} Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com 1999

The Fighting Norths and Pawnee Scouts: Narrative and Reminiscences of Military Service on the Old Frontier. by Robert Bruce FS Library fiche 6101592 or book 970.3 P289b

School Records

School Census, 1934-1944. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx FS Library films 1204636 and 1205532
Pawnee School Student Roster, 1947-1950. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pawnee Agency, Fort Worth, TX FS Library film 1205530 item 6

Vital Records

  • Register of Birth and Deaths of Pawnee, Kaw, Ponca, Otoe, and Tonkawa Indian Tribes, 1915-1929. United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Pawnee Agency. Fort Worth, Tx FS Library film 1023976 item 2

Treaties:

The treaties of 1833, 1848, and 1857 ceded all their lands in Nebraska.

  • June 18-22, 1818:St. Louis, Missouri Territory. Peace was concluded with the tribes of the region disturbed by the War of 1812. *1818 June 18, with the Grand Pawnee
  • 1818 June 19, with the Noisy Pawnee
  • 1818 June 20, with the Pawnee Republic *1818 June 22, with the Pawnee Marhar
  • 1825 September 30, at Fort Atkinson, (Council Bluffs), Iowa, regulation of trade
  • 1833 October 9, at Grand Pawnee Village on the Platte River, land ceded "all land lying south of the Platte River: annuity: $4,600 in goods"
  • 1848August 6, at Fort Childs, Nebraska ceded 60 mile strip on the Platte River and Grand Island
  • 1857 September 24, at Table Creek, Nebraska Territory, land ceded, reservation. provision for half-breeds
  • 1892: land in severalty and became citizens of the U.S.Also listed in Treaties with Marhar, Tappaye, Loups, Republic, Republicans Indians L R Listed below in references: Kappler, Charles J.Indian Treaties 1778-1883, Interland Publishing Inc. New York, NY. 1972 ISNB 0-87989-02508

FamilySearch Library

The FamilySearch Catalog list over 70 records of interest to Pawnee Indians

The Pawnee Nation: An Annotated Research Bibliography. by Judith A. Boughter. Lanham, MD.: Native American Bibliography Series, no. 28. Scarecrow Press, 2004.

Important Websites

References

  1. ↑ Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 Available online
  2. ↑ Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 236
  3. ↑ Nebraska Historical Tour Guide. by D. Ray Wilson.Pub. by Crossroads Communications, Carpentersville, IL. C. 1983 FS Library book 978.2 E6wd
  4. ↑ Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 235

Bibliography

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