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The Choctaw Tribe is primarily associated with the states of Louisiana, Alabama, and Oklahoma<ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 [http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/lists/FederallyRecognized2002.pdf Available online]</ref>. See below for at least a partial lists of groups of Choctaw Indians and the reservations associated with each.  
Guide to '''Choctaw Nation ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.  


The Choctaw Tribe is one of the [[Five_Civilized_Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]
[[Image:Choctaw Indian-Pisatuntema in Partial Native Dress with Choctaw Indian Native Hairstyle1909.jpg|right|300px|Choctaw Indian-Pisatuntema in Partial Native Dress with Choctaw Indian Native Hairstyle1909.jpg]]
 
__TOC__
<br><br>
 
==Introduction==
 
'''Various Spellings''': Choctaw, Chactaw, Chaktaw, Chahta
 
The Choctaw Nation is part of the Shawnee Tribe. The Choctaw Tribe is primarily associated with the states of [[Indians of Louisiana|Louisiana]], [[Indians of Alabama|Alabama]], [[Indians of Mississippi|Mississippi]], and [[Indians of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 [http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/lists/FederallyRecognized2002.pdf Available online]</ref>. See below for at least a partial lists of groups of Choctaw Indians and the reservations associated with each.
 
The Choctaw Tribe is one of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]: Choctaw, [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]],and [[Creek Indians|Creek]], and [[Seminole Indians|Seminole]]
 
'''Choctaw Bands: '''
 
[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mississippi-Band-of-Choctaw-Indians/262812027080620 Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians]  The early Mississippi Choctaw were in constant contact with non-Indian culture from the early 1600's. When the Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830, the Choctaw were offered a choice under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, provided that any Choctaw who wished to remain in Mississippi to become a United States citizen might do so and would receive land from the State. There were about 20,000 Choctaw Indians in Mississippi and more than one-third chose to stay. 
 
[https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mount-tabor-indian-community Mount Tabor Indian Community]  The Treaty of Birds Fort, September 29,1843, and the purchase of land by Benjamin Franklin Thomson in 1844 helped to establish what is known today at Mount Tabor Indian Community. President James K. Polk allowed members of the Old Settler and Ridge Party Cherokee to leave Indian Territory for Texas.
 
[https://mowachoctawindians.com/ MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians]
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_Choctaw '''Choctaw Clans:''']
 
Wind, Bear, Deer, Wolf, Panther, Holly Leaf, Bird, Raccoon and Crawfish
 
== Tribal Headquarters  ==
 
[[Image:Choctaw Indians - Mississippi Band's Flag.png|thumb|right|Choctaw Indians - Mississippi Band's Flag.png]]
 
'''Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma'''<br>1802 Chukka Hina / P.O. Box 1210<br>Durant, OK 74702-1210<br>Phone: 800-522-6170<br>[http://www.choctawnation.com/ Website]


== History  ==
== History  ==


==== Brief Timeline  ====
A Muscogean based tribe, the Choctaw is similar to the Creek Confederation. The Choctaw evolved from multiple smaller tribes that shared similar language and culture. The Choctaw were early allies of the French, Spanish and British during the 18th century. In the 1750's the tribe was involved in a Civil War that decimated whole villages. The division was driven by factions affiliated with the Spanish and the other the French. In the 18th century the Choctaw were generally at war with the Creeks or the [[Chickasaw Indians]].<ref>O'Brien, Greg, "Choctaws in a Revolutionary Age", University of Nebraska Press, 2005</ref> The Choctaw like all of the Muscogean tribes was a matriarchal and clan culture.<ref>Swanton, John R. "The Indian Tribes of North America" Smithsonian Institute, Bulletin 514.</ref>
<div style="float: left; width: 100%">
 
*''American State Papers: Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States'' online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/486178-american-state-papers-documents-legislative-and-executive-of-the-congress-of-the-united-states-class-09?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library], cited under the subheading France (1710–1763) in [[Alabama Land and Property]]. Volume Seven, on FS Library film 944499 item 2, pages 1–140, has the 1831 Armstrong roll of Choctaws owning farms who were entitled to receive land under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830. The volume is indexed. These records are like a census, listing head of family, the number of males over 16, number of males and females under 10, number of acres, and location.
 
 
'''Brief Timeline'''
 
'''1540: '''De Soto first recorded non-indigenous person to encounter the tribe
 
'''1763:''' with the French surrendered to the British many moved west of Mississippi
 
'''1784''': Treaty with Spain
 
'''1786:''' Treaty of Hopewell<br>
 
'''1792''': Treaty talks with Spain and United States
 
'''1801''': Treaty of Fort Adams
 
'''1802:''' Treaty of Fort Confederation
 
'''1803''': Treaty of Hoe Buckintoupa
 
'''1805''': Treaty of Mount Dexter
 
'''1816''': Treaty of Fort St. Stephens
 
1818: Reverend Kingsbury established Elliot Mission. Reverend Kingsbury was called the Father of the Choctaw Missions. 
 
'''1820: '''Treaty of Doak's Stand; ceded some land
 
'''1825''': Treaty of Washington City
 
'''1825''': Tribal population: 21,000 (Mississippi and Alabama) reported by T. C. Mc Kenny- Indian Office
 
'''1830:''' Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, * (Article 14 - removal)
 
'''1831-1833:''' First of Five Civilized Tribes forced from their homeland. Removed to Indian Territory.
 
*Part of the Tribe 5-6,000 individuals remained in Mississippi and became known as the [[Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Mississippi|Mississippi Band of Choctaw]] who were recognized in 1945.1832-1955 Wheelock Academy at Millerton, served he Indian girls of Southeastern Oklahoma.
 
'''1838''': First testimonies taken in what is known as the Net Proceeds Case.
 
1838: Twelve neighborhood schools were in operation, Some of them were Mission stations founded by various church organizations, Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist. Five mission schools operated as part of church work at: Wheelock, Providence, Shawneetown, Red River, Lukfats and Pine Ridge'''. '''
 
'''1844: Second set of testimonies taken in what is known as the Net Proceeds Case.'''
 
1846 Wheelock Mission Church was built.  
 
'''1855:Treaty with the [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], gives Chickasaw nation their own land from lands of the Choctaw.'''
 
'''1856: Choctaw Nation created with three districts: Apukshunnubbee District, Moshulatubbee District and Pushmataha District.'''
 
'''1856: Annuity Roll (Census) of the Choctaw and Chickasaw as a result of the treaty of 1855.'''
 
'''1867: Tribal population: 22,500; reported by Commissioner of Indian Affairs.'''
 
'''1875: Testimonies taken to determine heirs for the monies won from the Net Proceeds Case.'''
 
'''1889: Second set of testimonies to determine heirs for the monies from the Net Proceeds Case.'''
 
'''1903: 300 Choctaws left Mississippi for Oklahoma and the Choctaw Nation'''
 
'''1907: Oklahoma became the 46th State'''
 
*'''Choctaw Nation divided into eight counties: Choctaw, Atoka, Haskell, Latimer, Le Flore, Mc Curtain, Pittsburg and Pushmataha.'''
 
'''1910: Tribal population: 14,551 in Oklahoma, and 15,917 in other states'''
 
'''1918: [[Choctaw Indian Agency (Mississippi)|Choctaw Indian Agency]] in Philadelphia, Mississippi established'''
 
'''1945: [[Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Mississippi|Mississippi Band of Choctaw]] Federally recognized'''
 
*'''1953: U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br>'''
 
'''World War I and II: the U.S. Military used members of the Choctaw Nation for secure communications. They became the first code-talkers'''
 
== Additional References ==
 
'''Frederick Webb Hodge''', in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/choctaw/chostawhist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Choctaw tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/mississippi/choctawindianhist.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].
 
== Reservations ==
 
'''Oklahoma: Latimer and Pushmataha counties'''
 
'''Mississippi: Neshoba, Newton, Leake, Scott, Jones, Attala, Kemper, Winston counties'''
 
== Groups or Parts of the Tribe ==
 
'''Choctaw Nation (Oklahoma)'''
 
[[Jena Band of Choctaw Indians, Louisiana|'''Jena Band (Louisiana)''']]
 
[[Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Mississippi|'''Mississippi Band''']]
 
== Records ==
 
''Records From the Choctaw Nation, (1830-1900) Indian Territory, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Historical Society. (census, Cemetery Records, Church Records, Military and other records). {{FSC|544264|item|disp=FS Library Film 1666451}} (first of 90 microfilm reels)''
 
''Joe R. Goss. A Complete Roll of all Choctaw Claimants and their Heirs. Reprint. Originally published: St. Louis, MO: Robt. D. Patterson Stationary Co., 1889. {{FSC|550606|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 C451g}}'' <br>
 
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|'''Annuity rolls''']]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|'''Census records''']]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|'''Correspondence''']]
*[[American Indian Health Records|'''Health records''']]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|'''Reports''']]
*[[American Indian School Records|'''School census and records''']]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|'''Vital records''']]
 
== Agencies ==
 
[[Choctaw_Indian_Agency_(Mississippi)|'''Choctaw Agency''']]'''  Mississippi'''
 
[[Choctaw_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|'''Choctaw Agency ''']]''' Oklahoma'''
 
[[Union_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|'''Union Agency''']]


1830: ceded lands to the United States
[[Red_River_Indian_Agency_(Louisiana)|'''Red River Agency''']]


1831-1833 removed to Indian Territory
[[Cherokee_Indian_Agency_(Oklahoma)|'''Cherokee Agency ''']]'''(West) '''


==== Brief History  ====
== Superintendencies ==


==== Reservations  ====
[[Arkansas_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|'''Arkansas Superintendency''']]


Oklahoma: Latimer and Pushmataha counties
[[Western_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|'''Western Superintendency''']]


Mississippi: Neshoba, Newton, Leake, Scott, Jones, Attala, Kemper, Winston counties
[[Southern_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|'''Southern Superintendency''']]


==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====
[[Central_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|'''Central Superintendency''']]


== Tribal Headquarters  ==
=== Allotment Records ===


Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma<br>P.0. Box 1210<br>Durant, OK 74702-1210<br>Phone: 1.800.522.6170
'''Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians Homestead and Allotment Patents, 1903-1910 {{FSC|686343|item|disp= film 2107720 items 2-3}}'''


== Groups or Parts of the Choctaw Tribe and Their Reservations  ==
=== Census Records ===


Choctaw Nation (Oklahoma)  
*'''1830''' [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www][http://www.accessgenealogy.com .accessgenealogy.com]also included in American State papers, Vol 7. This is in most libraries or is located online at [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsp.html http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsp.html]
*'''1831''' Census (Armstrong Roll) Choctaw, records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, RG75 {{FSC|625276|item|disp=FS Library film 1033993}}
*'''1855''' Cooper Roll of Eastern Choctaw [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com]Families living East of the Mississippi River in the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. (roll contains: names of heads of families, place of residence, and numbers of men, women, and children in families)
*'''1855''' Annuity Roll, first census of all individuals within a household. Actually done in 1856. Located at the Oklahoma Historical Society.
*'''1868''' Census of Cedar County, Choctaw Nation located within the Choctaw Nation Collection, University of Oklahoma. View online at [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/nam/manuscript.asp?mID=5085&sID=3 digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/nam/manuscript.asp]<br>
*'''1885''' Census of the Choctaw Nation. Every name in household is included on this census. This can be viewed in two places online, both for a fee. It is found under the rolls U.S. Indian Census Rolls, and under the category of Union. It is searchable by name (be careful of spelling) on [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1059/ Ancestry.com] browsable only on [http://www.fold3.com/institution-index.php Fold3.com] You can also order transcriptions by county from the Bryan County Heritage Association, Bryan, Oklahoma.
*'''1893''' Census/Annuity Roll (for both Choctaw and Chickasaw) for Leased District monies. Referred to in several Dawes files, I have been unable to locate this film. I have been told it may be in some counties (ie. Haskell)in Oklahoma, but it is not listed in the NARA or the OHS contents.
*'''The Census of Atoka County, 1885, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory.''' by James P. Cummings. Mesquite, Texas, 1976. FS Library Book 970.1 Al#86[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsp.html]
*There are miscellaneous censuses recorded on three rolls of microfilm from the OHS, included in the inventory for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and also at the Oklahoma Historical Society and Arkansas Historical Commission. All three rolls cover different counties of the Choctaw nation, and have the 1896 census transcribed, and in some cases the original. The other censuses on the rolls vary to undated or dated, and are heads of household only for the most part.<br>
*NARA office Fort Worth has microfilm of Muster rolls for various dates prior to 1855.<br>
*Indian Census Rolls, Choctaw, 1926-1939 containing births and deaths some marriages. {{FSC|494619|item|disp=film 574200-574201}}


Jena Band (Louisiana)
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | '''Tribe'''
! scope="col" | '''Agency'''
! scope="col" | '''Location of Original Records'''
! scope="col" |
'''Post - 1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693'''


Mississippi Band
'''Roll Number'''


== Records  ==
! scope="col" |
'''FHL'''


'''Agency Records'''  
'''Film'''
 
'''Number'''
 
|-
| '''Choctaw'''
| '''Union Agency - Muskogee Area 1875-80'''
| '''Washington D.C. and Fort Worth'''
| '''Roll 685'''
| '''-'''
|-
| '''Choctaw Mississippi'''
| '''Choctaw, Philadelphia, Mississippi, 1926-39'''
| '''Washington D.C.'''
| '''Rolls 15, 41-42'''
| '''FS Library124;Films: 574200-574201'''
|}


*Correspondence and Census Records
=== Correspondence ===


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
|-
| '''Tribe'''  
! scope="col" | '''Tribe'''  
| '''Agency'''  
! scope="col" | '''Agency'''  
| '''Location of&nbsp; Original Records'''  
! scope="col" | '''Location of Original Records'''
! scope="col" |
'''Pre-1880 Correspondence'''
 
'''M234 RG 75 Rolls 962'''
 
'''Roll Number'''
 
! scope="col" |
'''FHL'''
 
'''Film Number'''
 
|-
| '''Choctaw'''
| [[Choctaw Indian Agency (Mississippi)|'''Choctaw Agency''']]''',1824-76'''
| '''Washington D.C.'''
| '''Rolls 169-96'''
| '''1,660,899-926'''
|-
| '''Choctaw'''
| [[Jones Academy|'''Jones Academy''']]''', Hartshorne, 1901-53'''
| '''Fort Worth'''
| '''-'''
| '''-'''
|-
| '''Choctaw'''
| [[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|'''Union Agency''']]'''-Muskogee Area, 1875-80'''
| '''Washington D.C. and Fort Worth'''
| '''Rolls 865-77'''
| '''1,661,595-607'''
|-
| '''Choctaw, Mississippi'''
| '''Choctaw, Philadelphia, Miss., 1926-39'''
| '''Washington D.C.'''
| '''-'''
| '''-'''
|}
 
=== Enrollment Records ===
 
'''The FamilySearch Library'''
 
{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|+ '''Applications and Enrollment of the Commission for the Five Civilized Tribes, 1898-1914. - Dawes Commission'''
|-
| '''Record'''
|
'''Record'''
 
'''Group'''
 
| '''NARA #'''  
|  
|  
'''Pre-1880 Correspondence'''
'''FHL'''  


'''M234 RG&nbsp;75 Rolls&nbsp;962'''
'''First'''  


'''&nbsp;Roll Number'''
'''Film'''  


| '''Rolls'''
|-
| '''Applications for Enrollment'''
| '''75'''
| '''M1301'''
| {{FSC|361915|item|disp=1439798}}
| '''468'''
|-
| '''Applications, Muskogee Area Office M 1650 (RG75) <nowiki>{{</nowiki>FHL&amp;#124;1405798&amp;#124;item&amp;#124;disp=FS Library film 2445769<nowiki>}}</nowiki> index and applications for four of the Five civilized tribes. Seminole applications not included.'''
| '''75'''
| '''M1650'''
| '''FHL first film 2445769'''
| '''54'''
|-
|  
|  
'''FHL'''
'''Enrollment of the Five Civilized Tribes'''
 
'''<br>'''  


'''Film Number'''
| '''75'''
| '''<br>'''
'''Original records in Muskogee, Oklahoma'''  


| {{FSC|51785|item|disp=1022497}}
|
'''-'''
|-
| '''Enrollment Cards'''
| '''75'''
| '''M1186'''
| {{FSC|499091|item|disp=1490261}}
| '''93'''
|-
| '''Index to Letters received by commission'''
| '''75'''
| '''M1314'''
| [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/480315?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''1694814''']
|  
|  
'''Post-1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693'''
'''23'''
 
|}
 
'''<br>'''  


'''&nbsp;Roll Number'''
'''<br>'''  


{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|+ '''Five Civilized Tribes and the Dawes Commission- Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole (Delaware adopted by Cherokee)'''
|-
| '''Tribe'''
|  
|  
'''FHL'''
'''Record'''  


'''Film Number'''
'''Group'''  


| '''NARA #'''
|
'''FHL'''
'''First'''
'''Film'''
| '''Rolls'''
|-
|-
| Choctaw
| Choctaw Agency,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1824-76
| Washington D.C.
| Rolls 169-96
|  
|  
| -  
'''Choctaw'''
 
*'''Application (M1650) films 2445769-2445777'''
 
'''Final Rolls- first film: 830228'''
 
'''Enrollment-first film: 1022497'''
 
'''Enrollment cards Choctaw-first film: 1490299'''
 
*'''Mississippi Choctaw -first film: 1022514-1022522'''
 
'''Application for enrollment (M1301) - first film: 1439798'''
 
*'''Mississippi Choctaw - films: 1439879-1439967'''
 
'''Enrollment cards for Mississippi Choctaw-first film: 1490316'''
 
*'''Choctaw-Chickasaw (Act of 1902) - first film: 1439969'''
 
| '''48'''
| '''T529'''
| '''830228'''
| '''232'''
|-
|  
|  
'''Choctaw-Chickasaw - Fort Worth, Texas'''
*'''Applications(M1650) film 2446501'''
'''Indexes to dockets and appearance dockets-first film:1730868'''
'''General dockets - first film:1730869'''
| '''48'''
| '''T529'''
| {{FSC|565729|item|disp=1730868}}
| '''2'''
|}
'''<br> On Line'''
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/300321 '''The Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory, 03/04/1907''']''' (National Archives) - arranged by enrollment number; gives age, sex, blood degree, and census card number.'''
'''Indexes for the Dawes Rolls and the Enrollment Cards:'''
:*[https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/dawes/tutorial/final-rolls.html '''Index to the Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory, 03/04/1907''']''' (National Archives) - arranged alphabetically; gives only enrollment number. (Surname entries are not always in strict alphabetical order)'''
:'''Searchable indexes:'''
:*[http://www.okhistory.org/research/dawes '''Dawes Final Rolls''']''' (Oklahoma Historical Society) - gives card number and enrollment number.'''
:*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/finalroll.php '''Final Rolls''']''' (Accessgenealogy) - gives card number and enrollment number.'''
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|'''Dawes Commission Enrollment Records''']]
*'''Dawes files can be viewed online at [http://www.fold3.com/institution-index.php www.Fold3.com] or on [http://www.archives.gov/research/genealogy/ www. archive.gov]. While archive.org is free, they do not have a search function, it is browse only. There are two parts to each Dawes case. The enrollment card (Dawes Card) and the packet. In many cases the packet will be empty. In cases of some of the rejected files, there are numerous pages, but referenced information may be absent. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/ Accessgenealogy] has a transcription of the Dawes cards available to search and a list of final enrollee's listed on the Dawes Records.'''
== Genealogy ==
'''Who Was Who Among the Southern Indians: a Genealogical notebook, 1698-1907 by Don Martini [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/297926-who-was-who-among-the-southern-indians-a-genealogical-notebook-1698-1907-pt-02?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]'''
== History ==
'''Alokoli: the Choctaw Country bicentennial book by Choctaw County Bicentennial Commission {{FSC|33190|item|disp=FS Catalog book 976.1395 H2a or fiche 6048193}}'''
'''The Choctaws in Oklahoma: From Tribe to Nation, 1856-1970. by Clara Sue Kidwell. {{FSC|1396223|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C451kc}}'''
=== Oral History ===
*'''Duke Indian Oral History Collection and Index., Duke University Library {{FSC|654561|item|disp=FS Library film and fiche 1486555}}'''
*'''FamilySearch has the story of [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/272418 Chieftain Greenwood Leflore and the Choctaw Indians of the Mississippi Valley : last chief of Choctaws east of Mississippi river] published in 1936.'''
== Land Records ==
'''Choctaw certificates of ownership in Boone County, Arkansas. '''Online at:''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/800905-redirection FamilySearch Digital Library]'''
'''The land records for Choctaw lands in Mississippi is found at the National Archives, in Washington, D.C. This collection is indexed by name and includes individuals for whom land was granted out of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.'''
'''Some cases of land that are disputed within Mississippi are located at county courthouses.'''
'''Allotments from the Dawes are found in the county the land was located in in Oklahoma.'''
== Military Records ==
'''Genealogical Records on the Confederate Indian Troops by Sherman Lee Pompey {{FSC|58574|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 P772g fiche 6049323}}'''
'''Union Indian Brigade in the Civil War. by Willey Britton. {{FSC|765210|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 B778u}}'''
== Periodicals ==
'''''Choctaw Community News'', 1969-1973. {{FSC|260452|item|disp=Film: 965784}} item 5 and {{FSC|260452|item|disp=Film: 965784}} item 9'''
'''Bishnik, available on the website for the [http://www.choctawnation.com/ Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma].'''
== Removal Records ==
'''The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.'''
'''The Choctaw were the first of the Five Civilized Tribes to be removed. Many walked 800 KM Journey to Oklahoma'''
'''Many of the Choctaw traveled by steamboat: ''Talmar, Cleopatra, Walter Scott, Brandywine'', and ''Raindeer'''''
'''Additional Sources'''
</div>
=== Additional Sources ===
<div style="float: left; width: 100%">
DeRosier, Authur H. Jr., ''The Removal of the Choctaw Indians'', Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press, 1970. FS Library book 970.3 C451da and digital version
Debo, Anggie. ''The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic'', University of Oklahoma Press, 1934. FS Library book 970.3 C451d
Burt, Jesse and Robert B. Ferguson. ''Indians of the Southeast: Then and Now''. Nashville, Ablingdon Press, New York. 
<br>
{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center"
|-
! scope="col" | Nation
! scope="col" |
Removal
Treaty
! scope="col" | Years of Emigration
! scope="col" |
Population
Before Removal
! scope="col" |
Number
Emigrated
! scope="col" | Deaths
! scope="col" |
Number
stayed in Southeast
! scope="col" | Information of Interest
|-
|-
| Choctaw
| Jones Academy, Hartshorne, 1901-53
| Fort Worth
| -
|  
|  
| -  
'''Choctaw'''
 
'''Chiefs''': Nittakechi,
 
Nituckachee
 
Nail,
 
Peter Pitchlynn, Mushulatubbe, Thomas (Greenwood) LeFlore, and George W. Hawkins,<br>
 
Shuk-ha-nat-cha,
 
Punnubbee,
 
St. Cross
 
Peter P. Pitchlynn,
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
|  
|  
|-
[https://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/18300927.html Dancing Rabbit Creek] September 27, 1830
| Choctaw
 
| Union Agency-Muskogee Area, 1875-80
<br>
| Washington D.C. and Fort Worth
 
| Rolls 865-77
'''Government Leaders over removal''':Col. Childress, Maj. William Armstrong,
 
John Coffee, Capt. J. B. Clark, Lt. Stephen Van Rensselaer Ryan, Capt. Jacob Brown, George S. Gaines, John H. Eaton, Wharton Rector, F.W. Armstrong, David Folsom, Agent Colquhoun<br>
 
<br>
 
<br> <br>
 
|  
|  
| Roll 685
'''1831-1836'''
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
'''1838'''; Old and infirm Choctaws (177 members) removed by S. T. Cross
 
'''1845'''; 1,280 Choctaw from Mississippi moved to Indian Territory
 
'''1846'''; 1,000 move came
 
'''1847'''; 1,623 came in eight groups.
 
|  
|  
|-
19,554 including and 6,000 Black Slaves
| Choctaw, Mississippi
 
| Choctaw, Philadelphia, Miss., 1926-39
| 12,500
| Washington D.C.
| 2,000-4,000 (Cholera)
| -
| 7,000
|  
|  
| Rolls 15, 41-42
Relinquished more than 11 million acres in Mississippi exchange for 15 million acres in Indian Territory
| 574200-201
 
<br>
 
When the tribe reached Little Rock the Choctaw chief stated to the ''Arkansas Gazette ''that the removal was a "trail of tears and death"
 
<br>
 
Some deaths due to Cholera
 
|}
|}


'''Enrollment Records'''
<br>


*[[Dawes_Commission_Enrollment_Records_for_Five_U.S._Indian_Tribes|Dawes Commission Enrollment&nbsp;Records]]
*'''1847''' Muster Roll of Big Black River Band (arrived at Fort Coffee)[http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com]
*'''1847''' Ha Cubbees Band Muster Roll (arrived at Fort Coffee) [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com]
*There are two books by Monty Olsen (available from Bryant County Heritage Association) on Choctaw emigration muster rolls.
*Betty Wilshire also wrote a book on Choctaw muster rolls. It is available from various vendors.{{FSC|687410|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C451wb}}
*National Archives (NARA) has the information on emigration/muster rolls and not the Oklahoma Historical society. Check with the NARA to see if the holdings are in Fort Worth, Texas or Washington, D.C.  
*The Removal of the Choctaw Indians by Arthur H. DeRosier, Jr {{FSC|380344|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 C451da}}


'''Vital Records'''
== School Records ==


== Important Web Sites  ==
The Choctaw Academy: official correspondence 1825-1841 by Joe R. Goss {{FSC|550620|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C451gj}}


*Constitution and By-laws of the [http://www.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/choctawconst/choctawconsttoc.htm Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma]
== Trade  ==
*[http://www.choctawnation.com/ Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma] Official Website
 
*Choctaw Nation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw WikipediA]
Trade during the Spanish period 1781-1798 will be found in the Panton and Leslie papers, located at the [http://libguides.uwf.edu/content.php?pid=233277&sid=2295314 University of West Florida]. They also have a collection of the Papelas de Cubas, Spanish records of the period.
 
Records o the Choctaw Trading House, 1803-1824. Office of Indian Affairs. Superintendent of Indian Trade {{FSC|276330|item|disp=FS Library film 1025085 first of 6 films}}
 
Records of the Choctaw Trading Post: St. Stephens, Mississippi Territory by Ben and Jean Strickland. {{FSC|613453|item|disp=FS Catalog book 976.1243 U3s vol. 1 and 2}}
 
== Treaties  ==
 
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25862 1781] January 3, at Hopewell
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25897 1796] June 29, with Creek
*December 17, 1801, at Fort Adams
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25914 1802] October 17, at Fort Confederation
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25920 1803]
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25938 1805] November 16, at Mount Dexter
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25930 1805] October 27, Chickasaw
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25958 1814] August 9
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/25979 1816] October 24,
*1820 October 18 near Doaks Stand
*1825 January 20, at Washington
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26056 1825] February 12, Creek
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26129 1828] May 6 - Cherokee
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26151 1830] September 27, at Dancing Rabbit Creek
*February 14, 1833,
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26276 1835] August 24, at Camp Holmes, with Comanche
*January 17, 1835 at Doaksville
*1837- Chickasaw
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26493 1854] November 4, at Doaksville, with Chickasaw
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26547 1855] June 22, at Washington, with Chickasaw
*September 13, 1855, at Fort Smith-unratified
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26733 1865] Cherokee and other Tribes in Indian Territory with Comanche and Kiowa
*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26778 1866] July 4, with Delaware
*August 28, 1866, at Washington
 
== Vital Records  ==
 
''Oklahoma Marriage Records, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory''., by Ellen Tiffee and Gloryann Hankins Young. 9 volumes. (Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, 1890. for Counties of McCurtain, Latimer, Hughes (part), LeFlore, Bryan (part), Pittsburg, Choctaw, Atoka, Haskell, Pushmataha, and Coal (part).{{FSC|187038|item|disp=FS Library Book 976.6 V2t vol. 1-10 Film 1321223 itmes 11-16}}<br>
 
== Indian Pioneer Papers  ==
 
In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."<ref>.” Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [https://okgenweb.net/~okchocta/ OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Choctaw, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Some of the surnames from the Choctaw tribe found in the collection are: Anderson, Baker, Beam (Stevens), Bond, Homer/Homma (Latimer), Jones (Choate), Kemp, Labor (Airington), Moore, Miashintubbee.FS Library microfiche number: {{FSC|505140|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6,016,865}} (first fiche)
 
== FamilySearch Catalog  ==


== References  ==
The FamilySearch Catalog has over 260 records of interest to the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bkeywords%3Achoctaw Choctaw]


<references />
== Websites  ==


==== Bibliography  ====
*Constitution and By-laws of the [https://narf.org/nill/constitutions/choctaw/index.html Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma]
*[http://www.choctawnation.com/ Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma] Official Website
*Choctaw Native Americans [http://choctawnativeamericans.blogspot.com blogspot.com]
*Native American Research [http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com blogspot.com]
*Indian Research [http://researchindians.blogspot.com blogspot.com]
*[https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/choctaw-tribe.htm Choctaw Tribe - Access Genealogy]


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
== For Further Reading  ==
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1122745&disp=Reference+encyclopedia+of+the+American+I%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 R259e].
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=831087&disp=The+Gale+encyclopedia+of+Native+American%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 G131g].


:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
*Lennon, Rachal Mills. ''Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. {{FSC|1038175|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 L548t}}.
:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands


*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br>
For background information to help find Native American ancestors see [[American Indian For Further Reading|'''For Further Reading''']].  
*:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
*:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat&nbsp;[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results 234303751]
*:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
*:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.4].
*:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.5].
*:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; Family History&nbsp;Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.6].
*:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>
*:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; Family History Library&nbsp;book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.8].
*:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.9].
*:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.10].
*:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; Family History&nbsp;Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.11].
*:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.12].
*:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>
*:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]  
*:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 H191h v.15].
*:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
*:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>
*:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
*:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
*:Volume 20 -- Not yet published


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
== References  ==
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view 14718193]; Family History Library book&nbsp;[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1465222&disp=Encyclopedia+of+Native+American+tribes%20%20&columns=*,0,0 970.1 W146e 2006].


[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
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Latest revision as of 14:24, 18 April 2024

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Guide to Choctaw Nation ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.

Choctaw Indian-Pisatuntema in Partial Native Dress with Choctaw Indian Native Hairstyle1909.jpg



Introduction[edit | edit source]

Various Spellings: Choctaw, Chactaw, Chaktaw, Chahta

The Choctaw Nation is part of the Shawnee Tribe. The Choctaw Tribe is primarily associated with the states of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Oklahoma[1]. See below for at least a partial lists of groups of Choctaw Indians and the reservations associated with each.

The Choctaw Tribe is one of the Five Civilized Tribes: Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw,and Creek, and Seminole

Choctaw Bands:

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians The early Mississippi Choctaw were in constant contact with non-Indian culture from the early 1600's. When the Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830, the Choctaw were offered a choice under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, provided that any Choctaw who wished to remain in Mississippi to become a United States citizen might do so and would receive land from the State. There were about 20,000 Choctaw Indians in Mississippi and more than one-third chose to stay.

Mount Tabor Indian Community The Treaty of Birds Fort, September 29,1843, and the purchase of land by Benjamin Franklin Thomson in 1844 helped to establish what is known today at Mount Tabor Indian Community. President James K. Polk allowed members of the Old Settler and Ridge Party Cherokee to leave Indian Territory for Texas.

MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians

Choctaw Clans:

Wind, Bear, Deer, Wolf, Panther, Holly Leaf, Bird, Raccoon and Crawfish

Tribal Headquarters[edit | edit source]

Choctaw Indians - Mississippi Band's Flag.png

Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
1802 Chukka Hina / P.O. Box 1210
Durant, OK 74702-1210
Phone: 800-522-6170
Website

History[edit | edit source]

A Muscogean based tribe, the Choctaw is similar to the Creek Confederation. The Choctaw evolved from multiple smaller tribes that shared similar language and culture. The Choctaw were early allies of the French, Spanish and British during the 18th century. In the 1750's the tribe was involved in a Civil War that decimated whole villages. The division was driven by factions affiliated with the Spanish and the other the French. In the 18th century the Choctaw were generally at war with the Creeks or the Chickasaw Indians.[2] The Choctaw like all of the Muscogean tribes was a matriarchal and clan culture.[3]

  • American State Papers: Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States online at:FamilySearch Digital Library, cited under the subheading France (1710–1763) in Alabama Land and Property. Volume Seven, on FS Library film 944499 item 2, pages 1–140, has the 1831 Armstrong roll of Choctaws owning farms who were entitled to receive land under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830. The volume is indexed. These records are like a census, listing head of family, the number of males over 16, number of males and females under 10, number of acres, and location.


Brief Timeline

1540: De Soto first recorded non-indigenous person to encounter the tribe

1763: with the French surrendered to the British many moved west of Mississippi

1784: Treaty with Spain

1786: Treaty of Hopewell

1792: Treaty talks with Spain and United States

1801: Treaty of Fort Adams

1802: Treaty of Fort Confederation

1803: Treaty of Hoe Buckintoupa

1805: Treaty of Mount Dexter

1816: Treaty of Fort St. Stephens

1818: Reverend Kingsbury established Elliot Mission. Reverend Kingsbury was called the Father of the Choctaw Missions.

1820: Treaty of Doak's Stand; ceded some land

1825: Treaty of Washington City

1825: Tribal population: 21,000 (Mississippi and Alabama) reported by T. C. Mc Kenny- Indian Office

1830: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, * (Article 14 - removal)

1831-1833: First of Five Civilized Tribes forced from their homeland. Removed to Indian Territory.

  • Part of the Tribe 5-6,000 individuals remained in Mississippi and became known as the Mississippi Band of Choctaw who were recognized in 1945.1832-1955 Wheelock Academy at Millerton, served he Indian girls of Southeastern Oklahoma.

1838: First testimonies taken in what is known as the Net Proceeds Case.

1838: Twelve neighborhood schools were in operation, Some of them were Mission stations founded by various church organizations, Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist. Five mission schools operated as part of church work at: Wheelock, Providence, Shawneetown, Red River, Lukfats and Pine Ridge.

1844: Second set of testimonies taken in what is known as the Net Proceeds Case.

1846 Wheelock Mission Church was built.

1855:Treaty with the Chickasaw, gives Chickasaw nation their own land from lands of the Choctaw.

1856: Choctaw Nation created with three districts: Apukshunnubbee District, Moshulatubbee District and Pushmataha District.

1856: Annuity Roll (Census) of the Choctaw and Chickasaw as a result of the treaty of 1855.

1867: Tribal population: 22,500; reported by Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

1875: Testimonies taken to determine heirs for the monies won from the Net Proceeds Case.

1889: Second set of testimonies to determine heirs for the monies from the Net Proceeds Case.

1903: 300 Choctaws left Mississippi for Oklahoma and the Choctaw Nation

1907: Oklahoma became the 46th State

  • Choctaw Nation divided into eight counties: Choctaw, Atoka, Haskell, Latimer, Le Flore, Mc Curtain, Pittsburg and Pushmataha.

1910: Tribal population: 14,551 in Oklahoma, and 15,917 in other states

1918: Choctaw Indian Agency in Philadelphia, Mississippi established

1945: Mississippi Band of Choctaw Federally recognized

  • 1953: U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980.

World War I and II: the U.S. Military used members of the Choctaw Nation for secure communications. They became the first code-talkers

Additional References[edit | edit source]

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Choctaw tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.

Reservations[edit | edit source]

Oklahoma: Latimer and Pushmataha counties

Mississippi: Neshoba, Newton, Leake, Scott, Jones, Attala, Kemper, Winston counties

Groups or Parts of the Tribe[edit | edit source]

Choctaw Nation (Oklahoma)

Jena Band (Louisiana)

Mississippi Band

Records[edit | edit source]

Records From the Choctaw Nation, (1830-1900) Indian Territory, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Historical Society. (census, Cemetery Records, Church Records, Military and other records). FS Library Film 1666451 (first of 90 microfilm reels)

Joe R. Goss. A Complete Roll of all Choctaw Claimants and their Heirs. Reprint. Originally published: St. Louis, MO: Robt. D. Patterson Stationary Co., 1889. FS Library Book 970.3 C451g

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Agencies[edit | edit source]

Choctaw Agency Mississippi

Choctaw Agency Oklahoma

Union Agency

Red River Agency

Cherokee Agency (West)

Superintendencies[edit | edit source]

Arkansas Superintendency

Western Superintendency

Southern Superintendency

Central Superintendency

Allotment Records[edit | edit source]

Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians Homestead and Allotment Patents, 1903-1910 film 2107720 items 2-3

Census Records[edit | edit source]

  • 1830 www.accessgenealogy.comalso included in American State papers, Vol 7. This is in most libraries or is located online at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsp.html
  • 1831 Census (Armstrong Roll) Choctaw, records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, RG75 FS Library film 1033993
  • 1855 Cooper Roll of Eastern Choctaw www.accessgenealogy.comFamilies living East of the Mississippi River in the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. (roll contains: names of heads of families, place of residence, and numbers of men, women, and children in families)
  • 1855 Annuity Roll, first census of all individuals within a household. Actually done in 1856. Located at the Oklahoma Historical Society.
  • 1868 Census of Cedar County, Choctaw Nation located within the Choctaw Nation Collection, University of Oklahoma. View online at digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/nam/manuscript.asp
  • 1885 Census of the Choctaw Nation. Every name in household is included on this census. This can be viewed in two places online, both for a fee. It is found under the rolls U.S. Indian Census Rolls, and under the category of Union. It is searchable by name (be careful of spelling) on Ancestry.com browsable only on Fold3.com You can also order transcriptions by county from the Bryan County Heritage Association, Bryan, Oklahoma.
  • 1893 Census/Annuity Roll (for both Choctaw and Chickasaw) for Leased District monies. Referred to in several Dawes files, I have been unable to locate this film. I have been told it may be in some counties (ie. Haskell)in Oklahoma, but it is not listed in the NARA or the OHS contents.
  • The Census of Atoka County, 1885, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory. by James P. Cummings. Mesquite, Texas, 1976. FS Library Book 970.1 Al#86[1]
  • There are miscellaneous censuses recorded on three rolls of microfilm from the OHS, included in the inventory for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and also at the Oklahoma Historical Society and Arkansas Historical Commission. All three rolls cover different counties of the Choctaw nation, and have the 1896 census transcribed, and in some cases the original. The other censuses on the rolls vary to undated or dated, and are heads of household only for the most part.
  • NARA office Fort Worth has microfilm of Muster rolls for various dates prior to 1855.
  • Indian Census Rolls, Choctaw, 1926-1939 containing births and deaths some marriages. film 574200-574201
Tribe Agency Location of Original Records

Post - 1885 Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693

Roll Number

FHL

Film

Number

Choctaw Union Agency - Muskogee Area 1875-80 Washington D.C. and Fort Worth Roll 685 -
Choctaw Mississippi Choctaw, Philadelphia, Mississippi, 1926-39 Washington D.C. Rolls 15, 41-42 FS Library124;Films: 574200-574201

Correspondence[edit | edit source]

Tribe Agency Location of Original Records

Pre-1880 Correspondence

M234 RG 75 Rolls 962

Roll Number

FHL

Film Number

Choctaw Choctaw Agency,1824-76 Washington D.C. Rolls 169-96 1,660,899-926
Choctaw Jones Academy, Hartshorne, 1901-53 Fort Worth - -
Choctaw Union Agency-Muskogee Area, 1875-80 Washington D.C. and Fort Worth Rolls 865-77 1,661,595-607
Choctaw, Mississippi Choctaw, Philadelphia, Miss., 1926-39 Washington D.C. - -

Enrollment Records[edit | edit source]

The FamilySearch Library

Applications and Enrollment of the Commission for the Five Civilized Tribes, 1898-1914. - Dawes Commission
Record

Record

Group

NARA #

FHL

First

Film

Rolls
Applications for Enrollment 75 M1301 1439798 468
Applications, Muskogee Area Office M 1650 (RG75) {{FHL&#124;1405798&#124;item&#124;disp=FS Library film 2445769}} index and applications for four of the Five civilized tribes. Seminole applications not included. 75 M1650 FHL first film 2445769 54

Enrollment of the Five Civilized Tribes


75

Original records in Muskogee, Oklahoma

1022497

-

Enrollment Cards 75 M1186 1490261 93
Index to Letters received by commission 75 M1314 1694814

23



Five Civilized Tribes and the Dawes Commission- Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole (Delaware adopted by Cherokee)
Tribe

Record

Group

NARA #

FHL

First

Film

Rolls

Choctaw

  • Application (M1650) films 2445769-2445777

Final Rolls- first film: 830228

Enrollment-first film: 1022497

Enrollment cards Choctaw-first film: 1490299

  • Mississippi Choctaw -first film: 1022514-1022522

Application for enrollment (M1301) - first film: 1439798

  • Mississippi Choctaw - films: 1439879-1439967

Enrollment cards for Mississippi Choctaw-first film: 1490316

  • Choctaw-Chickasaw (Act of 1902) - first film: 1439969
 48 T529 830228 232

Choctaw-Chickasaw - Fort Worth, Texas

  • Applications(M1650) film 2446501

Indexes to dockets and appearance dockets-first film:1730868

General dockets - first film:1730869

48 T529 1730868 2


On Line

Indexes for the Dawes Rolls and the Enrollment Cards:

Searchable indexes:
  • Dawes Final Rolls (Oklahoma Historical Society) - gives card number and enrollment number.
  • Final Rolls (Accessgenealogy) - gives card number and enrollment number.
  • Dawes files can be viewed online at www.Fold3.com or on www. archive.gov. While archive.org is free, they do not have a search function, it is browse only. There are two parts to each Dawes case. The enrollment card (Dawes Card) and the packet. In many cases the packet will be empty. In cases of some of the rejected files, there are numerous pages, but referenced information may be absent. Accessgenealogy has a transcription of the Dawes cards available to search and a list of final enrollee's listed on the Dawes Records.

Genealogy[edit | edit source]

Who Was Who Among the Southern Indians: a Genealogical notebook, 1698-1907 by Don Martini FamilySearch Digital Library

History[edit | edit source]

Alokoli: the Choctaw Country bicentennial book by Choctaw County Bicentennial Commission FS Catalog book 976.1395 H2a or fiche 6048193

The Choctaws in Oklahoma: From Tribe to Nation, 1856-1970. by Clara Sue Kidwell. FS Catalog book 970.3 C451kc

Oral History[edit | edit source]

Land Records[edit | edit source]

Choctaw certificates of ownership in Boone County, Arkansas. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library

The land records for Choctaw lands in Mississippi is found at the National Archives, in Washington, D.C. This collection is indexed by name and includes individuals for whom land was granted out of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.

Some cases of land that are disputed within Mississippi are located at county courthouses.

Allotments from the Dawes are found in the county the land was located in in Oklahoma.

Military Records[edit | edit source]

Genealogical Records on the Confederate Indian Troops by Sherman Lee Pompey FS Catalog book 970.1 P772g fiche 6049323

Union Indian Brigade in the Civil War. by Willey Britton. FS Catalog book 970.1 B778u

Periodicals[edit | edit source]

Choctaw Community News, 1969-1973. Film: 965784 item 5 and Film: 965784 item 9

Bishnik, available on the website for the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.

Removal Records[edit | edit source]

The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.

The Choctaw were the first of the Five Civilized Tribes to be removed. Many walked 800 KM Journey to Oklahoma

Many of the Choctaw traveled by steamboat: Talmar, Cleopatra, Walter Scott, Brandywine, and Raindeer

Additional Sources

Additional Sources[edit | edit source]

DeRosier, Authur H. Jr., The Removal of the Choctaw Indians, Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press, 1970. FS Library book 970.3 C451da and digital version

Debo, Anggie. The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic, University of Oklahoma Press, 1934. FS Library book 970.3 C451d

Burt, Jesse and Robert B. Ferguson. Indians of the Southeast: Then and Now. Nashville, Ablingdon Press, New York.


Nation

Removal

Treaty

Years of Emigration

Population

Before Removal

Number

Emigrated

Deaths

Number

stayed in Southeast

Information of Interest

Choctaw

Chiefs: Nittakechi,

Nituckachee

Nail,

Peter Pitchlynn, Mushulatubbe, Thomas (Greenwood) LeFlore, and George W. Hawkins,

Shuk-ha-nat-cha,

Punnubbee,

St. Cross

Peter P. Pitchlynn,



Dancing Rabbit Creek September 27, 1830


Government Leaders over removal:Col. Childress, Maj. William Armstrong,

John Coffee, Capt. J. B. Clark, Lt. Stephen Van Rensselaer Ryan, Capt. Jacob Brown, George S. Gaines, John H. Eaton, Wharton Rector, F.W. Armstrong, David Folsom, Agent Colquhoun

1831-1836





1838; Old and infirm Choctaws (177 members) removed by S. T. Cross

1845; 1,280 Choctaw from Mississippi moved to Indian Territory

1846; 1,000 move came

1847; 1,623 came in eight groups.

19,554 including and 6,000 Black Slaves

12,500 2,000-4,000 (Cholera) 7,000

Relinquished more than 11 million acres in Mississippi exchange for 15 million acres in Indian Territory


When the tribe reached Little Rock the Choctaw chief stated to the Arkansas Gazette that the removal was a "trail of tears and death"


Some deaths due to Cholera


  • 1847 Muster Roll of Big Black River Band (arrived at Fort Coffee)www.accessgenealogy.com
  • 1847 Ha Cubbees Band Muster Roll (arrived at Fort Coffee) www.accessgenealogy.com
  • There are two books by Monty Olsen (available from Bryant County Heritage Association) on Choctaw emigration muster rolls.
  • Betty Wilshire also wrote a book on Choctaw muster rolls. It is available from various vendors.FS Catalog book 970.3 C451wb
  • National Archives (NARA) has the information on emigration/muster rolls and not the Oklahoma Historical society. Check with the NARA to see if the holdings are in Fort Worth, Texas or Washington, D.C.
  • The Removal of the Choctaw Indians by Arthur H. DeRosier, Jr FS Library Book 970.3 C451da

School Records[edit | edit source]

The Choctaw Academy: official correspondence 1825-1841 by Joe R. Goss FS Catalog book 970.3 C451gj

Trade[edit | edit source]

Trade during the Spanish period 1781-1798 will be found in the Panton and Leslie papers, located at the University of West Florida. They also have a collection of the Papelas de Cubas, Spanish records of the period.

Records o the Choctaw Trading House, 1803-1824. Office of Indian Affairs. Superintendent of Indian Trade FS Library film 1025085 first of 6 films

Records of the Choctaw Trading Post: St. Stephens, Mississippi Territory by Ben and Jean Strickland. FS Catalog book 976.1243 U3s vol. 1 and 2

Treaties[edit | edit source]

  • 1781 January 3, at Hopewell
  • 1796 June 29, with Creek
  • December 17, 1801, at Fort Adams
  • 1802 October 17, at Fort Confederation
  • 1803
  • 1805 November 16, at Mount Dexter
  • 1805 October 27, Chickasaw
  • 1814 August 9
  • 1816 October 24,
  • 1820 October 18 near Doaks Stand
  • 1825 January 20, at Washington
  • 1825 February 12, Creek
  • 1828 May 6 - Cherokee
  • 1830 September 27, at Dancing Rabbit Creek
  • February 14, 1833,
  • 1835 August 24, at Camp Holmes, with Comanche
  • January 17, 1835 at Doaksville
  • 1837- Chickasaw
  • 1854 November 4, at Doaksville, with Chickasaw
  • 1855 June 22, at Washington, with Chickasaw
  • September 13, 1855, at Fort Smith-unratified
  • 1865 Cherokee and other Tribes in Indian Territory with Comanche and Kiowa
  • 1866 July 4, with Delaware
  • August 28, 1866, at Washington

Vital Records[edit | edit source]

Oklahoma Marriage Records, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory., by Ellen Tiffee and Gloryann Hankins Young. 9 volumes. (Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, 1890. for Counties of McCurtain, Latimer, Hughes (part), LeFlore, Bryan (part), Pittsburg, Choctaw, Atoka, Haskell, Pushmataha, and Coal (part).FS Library Book 976.6 V2t vol. 1-10 Film 1321223 itmes 11-16

Indian Pioneer Papers[edit | edit source]

In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."[4] The University of Oklahoma Western History Collection has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. [5] An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy. A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Choctaw, may be viewed at: “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers” Some of the surnames from the Choctaw tribe found in the collection are: Anderson, Baker, Beam (Stevens), Bond, Homer/Homma (Latimer), Jones (Choate), Kemp, Labor (Airington), Moore, Miashintubbee.FS Library microfiche number: FS Library fiche 6,016,865 (first fiche)

FamilySearch Catalog[edit | edit source]

The FamilySearch Catalog has over 260 records of interest to the Choctaw

Websites[edit | edit source]

For Further Reading[edit | edit source]

  • Lennon, Rachal Mills. Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. FS Library Book 970.1 L548t.

For background information to help find Native American ancestors see For Further Reading.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 Available online
  2. ↑ O'Brien, Greg, "Choctaws in a Revolutionary Age", University of Nebraska Press, 2005
  3. ↑ Swanton, John R. "The Indian Tribes of North America" Smithsonian Institute, Bulletin 514.
  4. ↑ .” Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.
  5. ↑ The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/
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