Hidatsa: Difference between revisions
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{{Block indent|''Formerly known as the'' '''''Gros Ventre of the Missouri''''' — '''Not''' ''to be confused with the'' '''''[[Gros Ventre Indians]] of Montana'''''. See [[Gros Ventre (disambiguation)]].<br><br>}} | |||
{{infobox ethnic group | |||
|group = Hidatsa | |group = Hidatsa | ||
|image = [[Image:Winter_Village_of_the_Manitaries_(Hidatsa)_in_North_Dakota_Territory._Artwork_by_Karl_Bodmer,_1833-34,_NO._178.jpg|232x231px]] | |image = [[Image:Winter_Village_of_the_Manitaries_(Hidatsa)_in_North_Dakota_Territory._Artwork_by_Karl_Bodmer,_1833-34,_NO._178.jpg|232x231px]] | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>1980</td> | <td>1980</td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;">1,547</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;">1,547</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%| }}</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>1910</td> | <td>1910</td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;">547</td><td>{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;">547</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>1905</td> | <td>1905</td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;">450</td><td>{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;">450</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref></td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>1876</td> | <td>1876</td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;">≈500</td><td>{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;">≈500</td><td>{{resize|0%| }}</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<td></td> | <td></td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;"></td><td>{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;"></td><td>{{resize|0%| }}</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Alternate Names and Spellings: '''Minataree, Minitari, | '''Alternate Names and Spellings: '''Minataree, Minitari, Gros Ventre | ||
=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
Three Affiliated Tribes<br>404 Frontage Road <br>New Town, ND 58763<br>Phone: 701 | '''Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, Three Affiliated Tribes'''<br>404 Frontage Road <br>New Town, ND 58763<br>Phone: 701-627-4781<br>[https://www.mhanation.com/ Website] | ||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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The Hidatsa originally lived the Devil's Lake area of North Dakota. As they migrated west, the Hidatsa met the [[Mandan Indians|Mandan]] at the mouth of the Heart River. The two groups formed an friendly alliance, and settled along the rivers of the area. | The Hidatsa originally lived the Devil's Lake area of North Dakota. As they migrated west, the Hidatsa met the [[Mandan Indians|Mandan]] at the mouth of the Heart River. The two groups formed an friendly alliance, and settled along the rivers of the area. | ||
The first recorded contact with non- | The first recorded contact with non-Native American occurred in 1804 when Lewis and Clark found the Hidatsa living in three villages at the mouth of the Knife River. Two villages of the [[Mandan Indians|Mandans]] were located a few miles down the Missouri River. | ||
Two artists of the American west visited the Hidatsa and Mandan and painted scenes of their life -- George Catlin in 1832, and Karl Bodmer, a Swiss painter accompanying German explorer Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied from 1832 to 1834. | Two artists of the American west visited the Hidatsa and Mandan and painted scenes of their life -- George Catlin in 1832, and Karl Bodmer, a Swiss painter accompanying German explorer Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied from 1832 to 1834. | ||
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A smallpox epidemic in 1837-1838 reduced the Hidatsa population to about 500 people. The remaining Mandan and Hidatsa united, and moved farther up the Missouri in 1845. They eventually settled at "Like-a-fishhook" bend near Fort Berthold. The [[Arikara Indians|Arikara]] joined them there in 1862. | A smallpox epidemic in 1837-1838 reduced the Hidatsa population to about 500 people. The remaining Mandan and Hidatsa united, and moved farther up the Missouri in 1845. They eventually settled at "Like-a-fishhook" bend near Fort Berthold. The [[Arikara Indians|Arikara]] joined them there in 1862. | ||
The Hidatsa signed two treaties with the United States government -- the 1851 treaty at Laramie (Wyoming), which they signed as [[ | The Hidatsa signed two treaties with the United States government -- the 1851 treaty at Laramie (Wyoming), which they signed as [[Gros Ventre Indians|Gros Ventres]], and the unratified 1866 Treaty of Fort Berthold (see links to copies of the treaties under Records below)<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref>. | ||
A reservation for the Mandan, Hidatsa, and [[Arikara Indians|Arikara ]]Tribes was set apart on 12 April 1870 by Executive Order<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref>. The reservation was located principally in present-day North Dakota, with a small portion in Montana. The Fort Berthold Reservation was later reduced to its present size. | A reservation for the Mandan, Hidatsa, and [[Arikara Indians|Arikara ]]Tribes was set apart on 12 April 1870 by Executive Order<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'']. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.</ref>. The reservation was located principally in present-day North Dakota, with a small portion in Montana. The Fort Berthold Reservation was later reduced to its present size. | ||
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The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Hidatsa for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Hidatsa for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
*[[Upper Missouri Indian Agency|Upper Missouri Agency]], 1824-1866-- | *[[Upper Missouri Indian Agency|Upper Missouri Agency]], 1824-1866-- ??<br> | ||
*[[Fort Berthold Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Fort Berthold Agency]], 1867-present | *[[Fort Berthold Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Fort Berthold Agency]], 1867-present | ||
==== Treaties ==== | ==== Treaties ==== | ||
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. | During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. See [[American Indian Treaties with the United States]] for more more information about treaties. | ||
Treaties to which the Hidatsa Indians were a part were: | Treaties to which the Hidatsa Indians were a part were: | ||
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The Tribal Office is responsible for enrollment records, tribal police records, tribal court records, employment records and many others. They are an entirely different set of records from those kept by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most of them remain in the Tribal Office. For details, contact that office at the address for the Tribal Headquarters listed above. | The Tribal Office is responsible for enrollment records, tribal police records, tribal court records, employment records and many others. They are an entirely different set of records from those kept by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most of them remain in the Tribal Office. For details, contact that office at the address for the Tribal Headquarters listed above. | ||
=== Important | === Important Websites === | ||
*[http://www.mhanation.com/main/contact.html MHA Nation-Three Affiliated Tribes] Website | *[http://www.mhanation.com/main/contact.html MHA Nation-Three Affiliated Tribes] Website | ||
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==== Hidatsa Tribe ==== | ==== Hidatsa Tribe ==== | ||
*Meyer, Roy W. The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri: the Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras. Lincoiln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977. {{ | *Meyer, Roy W. The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri: the Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras. Lincoiln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977. {{FSC|726479|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 M575v}}. | ||
==== General ==== | ==== General ==== | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of North Dakota]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Montana]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:06, 19 August 2025
| Native American Topics | |
 | |
| Beginning Research | |
| Tribes | |
| Record Types | |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | |
| Other Topics | |
_in_North_Dakota_Territory._Artwork_by_Karl_Bodmer,_1833-34,_NO._178.jpg&filetimestamp=20100308165105&)
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| Population | |||||||||||||||
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| Regions with significant populations | |||||||||||||||
| Ancestral Homelands: Western Minnesota; Devil's Lake region in North Dakota Descendants: | |||||||||||||||
| Status | |||||||||||||||
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Federally recognized as Three Affiliated Tribes | |||||||||||||||
| Linguistic Group | |||||||||||||||
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language related to Crow | |||||||||||||||
| Cultural Group | |||||||||||||||
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Siouan | |||||||||||||||
| Other Related Ethnic Groups | |||||||||||||||
Alternate Names and Spellings: Minataree, Minitari, Gros Ventre
Tribal Headquarters
Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, Three Affiliated Tribes
404 Frontage Road
New Town, ND 58763
Phone: 701-627-4781
Website
History
The Hidatsa originally lived the Devil's Lake area of North Dakota. As they migrated west, the Hidatsa met the Mandan at the mouth of the Heart River. The two groups formed an friendly alliance, and settled along the rivers of the area.
The first recorded contact with non-Native American occurred in 1804 when Lewis and Clark found the Hidatsa living in three villages at the mouth of the Knife River. Two villages of the Mandans were located a few miles down the Missouri River.
Two artists of the American west visited the Hidatsa and Mandan and painted scenes of their life -- George Catlin in 1832, and Karl Bodmer, a Swiss painter accompanying German explorer Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied from 1832 to 1834.
A smallpox epidemic in 1837-1838 reduced the Hidatsa population to about 500 people. The remaining Mandan and Hidatsa united, and moved farther up the Missouri in 1845. They eventually settled at "Like-a-fishhook" bend near Fort Berthold. The Arikara joined them there in 1862.
The Hidatsa signed two treaties with the United States government -- the 1851 treaty at Laramie (Wyoming), which they signed as Gros Ventres, and the unratified 1866 Treaty of Fort Berthold (see links to copies of the treaties under Records below)[2].
A reservation for the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Tribes was set apart on 12 April 1870 by Executive Order[3]. The reservation was located principally in present-day North Dakota, with a small portion in Montana. The Fort Berthold Reservation was later reduced to its present size.
The tribe was allotted land in 1888 under the General Allotment Act, and Like-A-Fishhook Village was abandoned.
Under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Tribes merged and incorporated under their constitution and bylaws as the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation[4].
Brief Timeline
- 1780-1781: Smallpox epidemic
- 1837: Smallpox devastated the Tribe
- 1845: Established Like-A-Fishhook Village near Fort Berthold trading post
- 1862: The Arikara joined them at Like-A-Fishhook Village
- 1870: Fort Berthold Agency established for Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara Tribes.
- 1888: Most of the tribe were located on allotted land; Like-A-Fishhook Village abandoned
- 1934: Three Affiliated Tribes formed - Hidatsa, Mandan, and Arikara
- 1951-1954: Relocated for construction of Garrison Dam and reservoir
Additional References to the History of the Tribe
- Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Hidatsa tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
- Additional details are given in David Bushnell's Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.
Records
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:
- Allotment records
- Annuity rolls
- Census records
- Correspondence
- Health records
- Reports
- School census and records
- Vital records
Agencies
The following agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs had jurisdiction over the Hidatsa for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.
- Upper Missouri Agency, 1824-1866-- ??
- Fort Berthold Agency, 1867-present
Treaties
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. See American Indian Treaties with the United States for more more information about treaties.
Treaties to which the Hidatsa Indians were a part were:
Tribal Office Records
The Tribal Office is responsible for enrollment records, tribal police records, tribal court records, employment records and many others. They are an entirely different set of records from those kept by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most of them remain in the Tribal Office. For details, contact that office at the address for the Tribal Headquarters listed above.
Important Websites
- MHA Nation-Three Affiliated Tribes Website
- Hidatsa Tribe Wikipedia
- By-Laws of the Three Affiliated Tribes
References
- ↑ Frederick Webb Hodge. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.
- ↑ Frederick Webb Hodge. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.
- ↑ Frederick Webb Hodge. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.
- ↑ By-Laws of the Three Affiliated Tribes.
Bibliography
Hidatsa Tribe
- Meyer, Roy W. The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri: the Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras. Lincoiln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977. FS Catalog book 970.1 M575v.