England Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

From FamilySearch Wiki
VisualWikitext
m (Text replace - "Utah" to "Utah")
m (Text replacement - "__TOC__\n(={2,6}.*?={2,6})" to "$1")
Tag: Manual revert
 
(98 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
''[[England]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[England_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]''  
{{CountrySidebar
|Country=England
|Name=England
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Records
|Records=Emigration and Immigration
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[England Genealogy|England]]
| link2=
| link3=
| link4=
| link5=[[England Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]
}}
== Online Resources ==
*[http://immigrants.byu.edu/search/simple Immigrant Ancestors Project]
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/british-and-irish-roots-collection British & Irish Roots Collection, Findmypast] ($) - contains records that identify British or Irish emigrants throughout the world
*[https://immigrantships.net/index.html Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] Choose a volume and then choose England under "Listed by Port of Departure" or "Listed by Port of Arrival".
*'''1573-1677''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/britain-registers-of-licences-to-pass-beyond-the-seas-1573-1677 Britain, Registers Of Licences To Pass Beyond The Seas 1573-1677] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1787-1933''' {{RecordSearch|1967749|United Kingdom, Maritime Births, Marriages, and Deaths, 1787-1933}} at FamilySearch - [[United Kingdom, Maritime Births, Marriages, and Deaths - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index
*'''1839-1871''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20214/australia-british-assisted-passengers-to-victoria?s=275764761 Australia, British Assisted Passengers to Victoria] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*'''1890-1960''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2997 UK, Outward Passenger Lists, 1890-1960] at Ancestry, index & images ($)
*'''1890-1960''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/passenger-lists-leaving-uk-1890-1960 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast, index & images ($)
*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries.


<br>
====Immigration into England====


[[Image:RMS Cymric.jpg|thumb|right|350x163px]]Emigration records are records of people leaving England. Immigration records are records of people entering England. Passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate often contain genealogical information. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination.  
*[https://immigrantships.net/index.html Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] Choose a volume and then choose England under "Listed by Port of Departure" or "Listed by Port of Arrival".
*'''1330-1550''' [https://www.englandsimmigrants.com/ England’s Immigrants 1330-1550]
*'''1708-1749''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/289277?availability=Family%20History%20Library Collection of original documents selected from the Public Record Office relating to the Palatine (German) immigration], images
*'''1709''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/195600?availability=Family%20History%20Library The German exodus to England in 1709], images
*'''1794-1921''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1609/ UK, Aliens Entry Books, 1794-1921] at Ancestry ($), images only.
*'''1810-1811, 1826-1869''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1587 England, Alien Arrivals, 1810-1811, 1826-1869] at Ancestry, index ($)
*'''1858-1870''' {{RecordSearch|3499249|Ireland and Britain, Transatlantic Migration from North America, 1858-1870}} at FamilySearch - [[Ireland and Britain, Transatlantic Migration from North America - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images.This index was created from data compiled by James P. Maher, as ''Returning home : transatlantic migration from North America to Britain & Ireland 1858-1870.''
*'''1878-1960''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1518 UK, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry, index & images ($)
*'''1918-1957''' [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/aliens-registration-cards-1918-1957/ Aliens’ registration cards 1918-1957] at UK National Archives
*'''1939-1945''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61665/ UK, World War II Alien Internees, 1939-1945], at Ancestry ($), index and images.


<br>Beginning in 1606 people emigrated from England to countries such as the United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. Emigration increased after 1815 when it became a means of poor relief. Emigration also increased during gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Emigration from England peaked in the 1880s.  
====Crew Lists====
*'''1850-1927''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2271 UK and Ireland, Masters and Mates Certificates, 1850-1927] at Ancestry ($)
*'''1861-1919''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2364 Liverpool, England, Crew Lists 1861-1919] at Ancestry, index & images ($)
====Passports and Citizenship====
*'''1851-1903''' {{RecordSearch|3736293|England, Index to Register of Passport Applications, 1851-1903}} at FamilySearch - [[England, Index to Register of Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1860-1893''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1936485?availability=Family%20History%20Library Registros de la Embajada de España en Londres, Inglaterra (Passports, Spanish Embassy London], images
*'''1870-1916''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9156 UK, Naturalisation Certificates and Declarations, 1870-1916] at Ancestry, index & images ($)
*'''1891-1922''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1935883?availability=Family%20History%20Library Registros del Consulado de España en Liverpool, Inglaterra (Passports, Spanish Embassy Liverpool], images


Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1776; Canada before 1865; or Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until the 20th century.  
====English Emigrants to America====
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/256028-redirection Immigrants to America appearing in English records], e-book.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/615242-redirection  Fifty great migration colonists to New England & their origins], e-book.
*[https://archive.org/details/someemigrantstov00stan Internet Archive].
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/265824-redirection Twenty-six great migration colonists to New England & their origins], e-book.
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/emigrant-ministers-to-the-americas Emigrant ministers to the Americas] at Findmypast, index & images ($)
*'''1600s-1700s''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/379766?availability=Family%20History%20Library  Notes on English Quakers in Pennsylvania, late 17th & early 18th centuries], images
*'''1614-1775''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61074 Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1775] at Ancestry, index & images ($)
*'''1620-21''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/200047-redirection  The Mayflower and her log, July 15, 1620 - May 6, 1621 : chiefly from original sources], e-book.
*'''1620-1635''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2496/ New England, The Great Migration and The Great Migration Begins, 1620-1635] at Ancestry ($), index and images.
*'''-1646''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/419230-redirection English university men who emigrated to New England before 1646: history of Harvard College in the seventeenth century], e-book.
*'''1654-1679''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/582309?availability=Family%20History%20Library Servants to foreign plantations, 1654-1679], images
*'''1682-1692, 1718-1759''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61073/ A List of Emigrants from England to America, 1682-1692, 1718-1759], at Ancestry ($), index and images.
*'''1683-1686''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/287302?availability=Family%20History%20Library Some early English emigrants to America, 1683-1686], images
*'''1690-1811''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/321639-redirection A list of emigrant ministers to America 1690-1811], e-book.
*'''1763-1773''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/324897?availability=Family%20History%20Library  Immigrants from Great Britain to South Carolina, 1763-1773], images
*'''1774-1775''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/170905?availability=Family%20History%20Library Records of emigrants from England and Scotland to North Carolina, 1774-1775], images
*'''1790-1950''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/278293?availability=Family%20History%20Library  British immigrants in industrial America, 1790-1950], images and index.
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=england&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for England
*'''1912''' - '''Titanic''' -[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1194217 Debbie Beavis. ''Who sailed on the Titanic? : the definitive passenger lists.''Hersham, England : Ian Allan Publishing, c2002 FS Library 942 W2wb];[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2026872  James Conan and Janet Dempsey. ''Ship lost : the fate of Titanic's crew.'' Kew, England : List and Index Society, c2011. FS Library 942 B4pro v. 343]


People immigrating to England generally came from continental Europe. Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands) and to England’s colonies required no documents.
===Offices and Archives to Contact===


To search emigration records effectively, you should know the approximate date of emigration, the name of the ship, the type of or reason for emigration, or the emigrant’s previous residence in England. If you know the ship’s name, Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping may provide additional details on the ship itself, including ports of embarkation and arrival.  
'''The National Archives'''<br>
Ruskin Avenue, Kew<br>
Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU<br>
England<br>
[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ Website]<br>
[https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/immigration/ '''Guide: Immigration and Immigrants''']
<br>
This office collects records of the British government (such as parliamentary papers) and law courts from 1086 to the present. It is in England but has many Scottish records. You need a reader’s ticket to use its collection.


=== Finding the Emigrant’s Place of Origin ===
==Finding the Town of Origin in England==
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in England, see [[England Finding Town of Origin|'''England Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies.


Once you have traced your family back to an English emigrant, you must determine the parish where he or she lived. If the individual immigrated after 1 July 1837, you may find the place of origin by using the general indexes to births, marriages, and deaths. (See the&nbsp;"[[England Civil Registration|Civil Registration]]".) There is no complete nationwide index to pre-1837 birth, marriage, or death records. The following web sites&nbsp;hold the largest amount of pre-1837 data''':'''&nbsp;[http://familysearch.org FamilySearch.org]'s with about 150 million entries,&nbsp;[http://www.findmypast.com/welcome.jsp?_zga_s=1 findmypast], with at least 80 million, in&nbsp;its Church records databases,&nbsp;[http://freereg.rootsweb.com FreeReg.org.uk], with about 12 million, and new.FamilySearch has old IGI (International Genealogical Index) data for LDS members, or otherwise&nbsp;available to&nbsp;view&nbsp;with asistance at FHCs (Family&nbsp;History Centres worldwide--see FamilySearch.org) for the general public.&nbsp;&nbsp;(See [[England Genealogy|England Genealogy]]), (see the "Indexes to Marriages" in [[England Church Records|England Church Records]]) are partial national indexes that you can try before searching emigration records.
==Immigration and Emigration==


There are several sources that may reveal where your ancestor came from. You may learn your ancestor’s place of origin by talking to older family members. Other relatives may have documents naming the parish, city, or county, such as:
{| style="float:right; margin-right:30px"
|-
| style="padding-right:0px"|
[[Image:RMS Cymric.jpg|thumb|right|350x163px]]
|}
*'''Emigration''' records are records of people '''leaving England'''. '''Immigration''' records are records of people '''entering England'''.  
*'''Passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate''' often contain genealogical information.  
*These records may contain the '''name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, ship, and date of arrival'''. '''Names of fellow passengers''' may help construct '''family groups''' or provide '''hints on place of origin or destination.'''


*[[Image:Sardinian ALLAN LINE c1890.jpg|thumb|right|313x213px]]Birth, marriage, or death certificates
==Immigration to England==
*Obituaries
*Until after the Second World War, most people immigrating to England came primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include '''refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews).'''
*Journals
*No regular series of arrival records exists before 1836. If your ancestor immigrated to England before 1836, search naturalization and citizenship records. (See "[[England Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]]".
*Photographs
*Beginning in 1836, certificates exist for aliens. These are arranged by port, and give the individual’s '''name, nationality, profession, date arrived, country last visited, and signature.'''
*Letters
*Starting in 1878, there are lists of incoming passengers which give the passenger’s '''name, birthplace, last residence, and sometimes an address of a relative in the country of origin.''' However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. All of these immigration records are at the National Archives in London.
*Family Bibles
*Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands) and to England’s colonies '''required no documents'''.
*Church certificates/records
*Naturalization applications and petitions
*Passenger lists  
*Newspaper announcements or articles
*Passports
*Family heirlooms


Some of these documents may also be found in libraries.  
==Emigration==
*Beginning in 1606, people emigrated from England to countries such as the '''United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand'''. *Emigration increased after 1815, when it became a means of '''poor relief.'''
*Emigration also increased during '''gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States'''.
*Emigration from England peaked in the 1880s.
*There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from England. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left England:
::'''Free emigrants'''. Beginning in 1606 emigrants left England to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later free emigrants sought opportunities in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in England.
::'''Assisted emigrants'''. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief.
::'''Transported prisoners'''. From 1611 to 1870, more than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies. Before 1775, more than 50,000 prisoners were sent to America—primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869, more than 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia.
::'''Military personnel'''. Upon discharge, soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving. This was common practice in Australia from 1791, Canada from 1815, and New Zealand from 1844.
::'''Latter-day Saints'''. About 1840, converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For further information, see [[Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records]].


Sometimes it is possible to guess where an immigrant originated through [[Surname Distribution Maps|surname distribution maps]].
==Records of English Emigrants in Their Destination Nations==
{|
|-
|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]]
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination--the country they immigrated into'''. See links to immigration records for''' major destination countries''' below. For other countries with smaller English immigrant populations, choose a Wiki article from the [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records Emigration and Immigration Category.]</span>
|}
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[India Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Australia Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[South Africa Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[New Zealand Emigration and Immigration]]


For further information about finding the origins of immigrant ancestors, see [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]]
==For Further Reading==
There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:
*{{FSC|337953|subject_id|disp=England - Emigration and immigration}}
*{{FSC|361144|subject_id|disp=England - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}
*{{FSC|453462|subject_id|disp=England - Colonization}}
*{{FSC|375881|subject_id|disp=England - Naturalization and citizenship - Indexes}}


=== Emigration from England  ===
-----
{{Place|England}}  


There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from England. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left England:
[[Category:Emigration_and_Immigration Records]] [[Category:Huguenots]]
 
'''Free emigrants'''. Beginning in 1606 emigrants left England to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later free emigrants sought opportunities in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in England.
 
'''Assisted emigrants'''. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief.
 
'''Transported prisoners'''. From 1611 to 1870, more than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies. Before 1775, more than 50,000 prisoners were sent to America—primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869, more than 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia.
 
'''Military personnel'''. Upon discharge, soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving. This was common practice in Australia from 1791, Canada from 1815, and New Zealand from 1844.
 
'''Latter-day Saints'''. About 1840, converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For further information, see [[Utah Genealogy|Utah]].
 
<br>
 
=== Records of English Immigrants in Their Destination Countries  ===
 
[[Image:British Ships at Deptford. Site of the first Royal Dockyard.jpg|thumb|right|356x232px]]Usually you will find the best information about your immigrant ancestor in the country he or she immigrated to. You may find the name, place of origin, occupation, and age of the immigrant. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or ship name will probably help you search immigration records.
 
Naturalization records in the destination country may also be an excellent source for determining your ancestor’s place of origin. See the "Naturalization and Citizenship" section of the destination country. Most immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the&nbsp;Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
[COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
'''United States'''. Immigrant lists, or ships’ passenger lists, are the main source of information on those arriving in the United States. More than 1,000 lists are indexed in an ongoing series by:
 
Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–. (Family History Library book {{FHL|291926|title-id|disp=973 W32p}}. BYU Family History Library Book '''CS 68 .P36 1981 vol.1''', also available as an online resource updated in 1999 in the Harold B Lee Library.)
 
A bibliography of over 2,500 published lists is:
 
Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigrations Lists Bibliography, 1538–1900''. Second Edition. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1988. (Family History Library book {{FHL|291926|title-id|disp=973 W33p}} 1988.)
 
The library has post-1820 passenger lists for most U.S. ports. Most are indexed. For further information, see the [[United States Emigration and Immigration]].
 
'''India'''. Many British subjects went to East India to trade or settle. Until 1834, no British subject could go to India without permission from the East India Company. The applications for consent as well as other records dealing with immigration are at the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB England.
 
'''Canada'''. From 1815 to 1850 Canada was the primary destination of English emigrants. Over 650,000 there. Military settlers and Loyalists (Americans loyal to the Crown during the American Revolution) account for nearly 200,000 English settlers in Canada. Before 1900 most immigrants arrived in Quebec City or Halifax.
 
Passenger lists into Canada are rare before 1865. Microfilm copies of lists from 1865 to 1900 are at the Family History Library. See [[Canada Emigration and Immigration]] for further information.
 
'''Australia'''. Australia was founded as an English penal colony in 1788. Immigration records vary by state in content and coverage. Some list the immigrant’s birthplace, residence in England, and education; his or her mother’s maiden name and parents’ names; and his or her father’s name, occupation, and residence. Some records are indexed. You might find the ship and arrival date in death certificates or published sources. Copies of most pre-1900 records are at the Family History Library. Look in the&nbsp;Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
AUSTRALIA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
'''South Africa'''. The British took South Africa from the Dutch in 1795. The&nbsp;English settled in South Africa mostly after 1820 when a&nbsp;group of 3,675 British subjects settled in eastern Cape Province in that year. These settlers are well documented. A memorial museum that has genealogies of their descendants is located at:
 
Albany Museum<br>Somerset Street<br>Grahamstown 6140<br>South Africa <br>Web site''':''' [http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/am/ http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/am/] &nbsp;
 
Here are some web sites of note, for searching for British emigrants into South Africa:
 
*[http://www.southafricansettlers.com/ SouthAfricanSettlers.com]:&nbsp; The&nbsp;South African Settlers web site provides an&nbsp;excellent online database (free) search for immigrants who settled in South Africa from the British Isles&nbsp;during especially the 19th century, particularly those who went in 1820, but also many who arrived before and after that year. Information for this database has been drawn from a variety of outstanding records&nbsp;and&nbsp;compiled sources including Settler files at the Albany Museum and Cory Library in Grahamstown, South Africa (see above); South African Death Notices (DN); Colonial Office papers (CO); and the International Genealogical Index (IGI, now at new.FamilySearch.org)
*[http://www.1820settlers.com/ 1820Settlers]:&nbsp; this web site is a compilation of user-contributed data (free) with many families mentioned
*[http://www.genealogyworld.net/robin/1820.html GenealogyWorld] has also data online for the 1820 settlers to South Africa
 
A list of arriving passengers was usually published in the government gazette for the province of arrival. Before 1836 only Cape Province had white settlements. Microfilm copies of many immigration records are available at the Family History Library. Look in the&nbsp;Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
SOUTH AFRICA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
SOUTH AFRICA, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
'''New Zealand'''. The English began colonizing New Zealand in 1840. Immigration records usually give settlement details and the wife’s and children’s names and ages. Most immigrants received assistance from either the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association formed to encourage immigration. Microfilm copies of many of these records are at the Family History Library. Look in the&nbsp;Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
NEW ZEALAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
=== English Records of Emigration  ===
 
[[Image:SS Empress of Britain pre-1924.jpg|thumb|right|366x230px|SS Empress of Britain pre-1924.jpg]]To search emigration records effectively, you should know the approximate date of emigration, the name of the ship, the type of or reason for emigration, or the emigrant’s previous residence in England. If you know the ship’s name, the following work may provide additional details on the ship, including ports of embarkation and arrival:
 
''Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping''. Fiche edition. LaCrosse, Wisconsin: Brookhaven Press, 1981. ([https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog-search-api%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F22058 FHL fiche 6024581–6025295]; does not circulate to Family History Centers.)
 
'''Passenger Lists'''. Port records listing the names of departing or arriving passengers are called passenger lists. Passenger departure lists are rare before 1890. After 1890 they are arranged chronologically by port of departure. These lists usually give the emigrant’s name, age, occupation, address, and sometimes destination and are kept at The National Archives in London. An index to the records, 1890-1960, is now online on [http://www.findmypast.com/passengerListPersonSearchStart.action?redef=0 findmypast]. The search is free, but a small fee is charged to see a transcription or the digital image of the original record.<br>
 
Passport Applications: Passports were not mandatory for British travelers until 1914, but some passports or certificates were issued before that year. An index to the names of [http://www.findmypast.com/resources/passportapplications/about.jsp passport applicants] for some earlier years is online. <br>
 
'''Great Websites for passenger lists and other migration records:'''
 
*[http://search.ancestryinstitution.com/search/category.aspx?cat=40 www.ancestry.com ]($) Many passenger lists including those arriving at US and Canadian ports. Also a database for those returning or visiting the British Isles from 1878-1960.&nbsp;
*[http://www.findmypast.co.uk/content/search-menu/travel-and-migration www.findmypast.co.uk] ($) Passenger lists of those leaving the British Isles (1890-1960); also a Register of passport applications, 1851-1903.&nbsp;
*[http://www.ancestorsonboard.com/ www.ancestorsonboard.com] ($) Passenger lists of those leaving the British Isles (1890-1960)&nbsp;
*[http://ellisisland.org/ www.ellisisland.org]- 1892-1956 (New York passenger lists)&nbsp;
*[http://castlegarden.org/ www.castlegarden.org]- 1820-1913 (New York passenger lists pre Ellis Island)&nbsp;
*[http://immigrantships.net/ www.immigrantships.net]- Passenger lists from all over the world- must search each volume as there is no searchable index.&nbsp;
*[http://immigrants.byu.edu/ immigrants.byu.edu]- Tracks LDS converts in ships migrating to America.
*[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/england/index.shtml www.olivetreegenealogy.com/england/index.shtml]- Emigrants to USA, Canada and Ireland
 
'''United Kingdom War Brides Passenger Lists, 1946-1947.'''
 
Thousands of women married soldiers during World War II. When husbands returned to their own countries, many wives were left behind to wait to join them. An Internet index gives you a surname, first name and destination of [http://www.warbrides.co.uk/ war brides]:&nbsp;<br>
 
'''To Use This Site:'''
 
#Click '''Search Indexes'''on the left side of the screen.
#Click '''I’m ready to search now'''.
#Type the forename (given name) and surname
#Click '''Submit'''
 
The index is continuously updated, adding more years and names. It's free to search. A fee is charged for a typewritten extract from the passenger list.<br>
 
'''Assisted Emigrants Registers'''. Persons who applied for assistance to emigrate were recorded in "assisted emigrants registers," which often contain name, age, occupation, residence, destination, name of sponsor, address of relative, and size of family. Those available at the Family History Library appear in the&nbsp;Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
[DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
GREAT BRITAIN - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
'''Probate Records'''. Probate records may mention emigrant relatives. Probates of persons dying overseas who owned property in England should have been proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury (until 1858) or at the Principal Probate Registry (after 1857).
 
The following work lists some American wills proved in England:
 
Coldham, Peter W. ''American Wills and Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1610–1857''. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1989. (FHL book [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog-search-api%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F1384506 942 P27c]. BYU Family History Library book&nbsp;'''CS 68 .C517 1989'''.)
 
For more information see "[[England Probate Records|Probate Records]]".
 
'''Other Records'''. The Public Record Office has many other records that refer to emigrants. Of particular importance are the "poor law union" papers, which among many other things include some records of poor- relief emigration from 1834 to 1900. These records are at the Public Record Office, class MH 12. For information on other emigration records at the Public Record Office, use the Kew Lists. (See the "[[England Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]".
 
There are other lists of emigrants by authors such as Peter W. Coldham, Michael Tepper, and P. William Filby. <!--{12081841972180} --><!--{12081841972181} -->
 
=== Immigration to England  ===
 
Until after the Second World War, most people immigrating to England came primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews). {{Online course badge
| link = https://www.familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/new-britons-immigration-to-the-united-kingdom/326
| name = New Britons: Immigration to the United Kingdom
}} No regular series of arrival records exists before 1836. The few that exist are not indexed. If your ancestor immigrated to England before 1836, search naturalization and denization records. (See "[[England Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]]". Beginning in 1836 certificates exist for aliens. These are arranged by port, and give the individual’s name, nationality, profession, date arrived, country last visited, and signature.
 
Starting in 1878 there are lists of incoming passengers which give the passenger’s name, birthplace, last residence, and sometimes an address of a relative in the country of origin. However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. All of these immigration records are at the National Archives in London.
 
In 1948 the {{wpd|MV Empire Windrush}} arrived in London bringing the first large group of West Indian immigrants to the UK.
 
*[http://www.movinghere.org.uk/galleries/histories/default.htm Migration Histories ](Looks at experiences from Carribeean, Irish, Jewish and South Asian into England
 
Immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
 
Because few English immigration sources exist, you may need to search the emigration records of the country your ancestor moved from.
 
=== Web Sites  ===
 
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ <!--{12058780777651} -->
 
Outward Passenger Lists&nbsp;from Britain On-line.&nbsp; [http://www.ancestorsonboard.com/ www.ancestorsonboard.com/] $
 
{{Place|England}}&nbsp;
 
[[Category:Emigration_and_Immigration]] [[Category:Huguenots]] [[Category:English]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 20 March 2024


England Wiki Topics
Flag of England
England Beginning Research
Record Types
England Background
England Genealogical Word Lists
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Online Resources[edit | edit source]

Immigration into England[edit | edit source]

Crew Lists[edit | edit source]

Passports and Citizenship[edit | edit source]

English Emigrants to America[edit | edit source]

Offices and Archives to Contact[edit | edit source]

The National Archives
Ruskin Avenue, Kew
Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU
England
Website
Guide: Immigration and Immigrants
This office collects records of the British government (such as parliamentary papers) and law courts from 1086 to the present. It is in England but has many Scottish records. You need a reader’s ticket to use its collection.

Finding the Town of Origin in England[edit | edit source]

If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in England, see England Finding Town of Origin for additional research strategies.

Immigration and Emigration[edit | edit source]

RMS Cymric.jpg
  • Emigration records are records of people leaving England. Immigration records are records of people entering England.
  • Passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate often contain genealogical information.
  • These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination.

Immigration to England[edit | edit source]

  • Until after the Second World War, most people immigrating to England came primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews).
  • No regular series of arrival records exists before 1836. If your ancestor immigrated to England before 1836, search naturalization and citizenship records. (See "Naturalization and Citizenship".
  • Beginning in 1836, certificates exist for aliens. These are arranged by port, and give the individual’s name, nationality, profession, date arrived, country last visited, and signature.
  • Starting in 1878, there are lists of incoming passengers which give the passenger’s name, birthplace, last residence, and sometimes an address of a relative in the country of origin. However, passengers from Europe or the Mediterranean did not have to be listed. All of these immigration records are at the National Archives in London.
  • Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands) and to England’s colonies required no documents.

Emigration[edit | edit source]

  • Beginning in 1606, people emigrated from England to countries such as the United States, India, Canada, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. *Emigration increased after 1815, when it became a means of poor relief.
  • Emigration also increased during gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.
  • Emigration from England peaked in the 1880s.
  • There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from England. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left England:
Free emigrants. Beginning in 1606 emigrants left England to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later free emigrants sought opportunities in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in England.
Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief.
Transported prisoners. From 1611 to 1870, more than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies. Before 1775, more than 50,000 prisoners were sent to America—primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869, more than 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia.
Military personnel. Upon discharge, soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving. This was common practice in Australia from 1791, Canada from 1815, and New Zealand from 1844.
Latter-day Saints. About 1840, converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For further information, see Latter-day Saint Online Genealogy Records.

Records of English Emigrants in Their Destination Nations[edit | edit source]

Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the country of destination--the country they immigrated into. See links to immigration records for major destination countries below. For other countries with smaller English immigrant populations, choose a Wiki article from the Emigration and Immigration Category.

For Further Reading[edit | edit source]

There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:

v • d• e
Links to England-related articles

This website requires a paid subscription for full access. Some subscription websites are available for free at your local FamilySearch Center or Affiliate Library.

To access available information, first log into FamilySearch.

Retrieved from "https://integration-ru.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=England_Emigration_and_Immigration&oldid=5672411"