Ontario Civil Registration: Difference between revisions

mNo edit summary
m (Text replacement - "[https://www.ancestry.com/search/ Ancestry]" to "Ancestry")
 
(173 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
''[[Canada|Canada]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Ontario|Ontario]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Ontario_Vital_Records|Vital Records]]''
{{ONT-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Canada Genealogy|Canada]]
| link2=[[Ontario Genealogy|Ontario]]
| link3=
| link4=
| link5=[[Ontario Civil Registration|Civil Registration, Vital Records, or Vital Statistics]]
}}


== Introduction  ==
__TOC__
==Online Records==
===Births===
*'''1801-1948''' {{RecordSearch|2385200|Canada, Ontario Church and Civil Records, 1801-1948}} at FamilySearch - [[Canada, Ontario Church and Civil Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images; incomplete
*'''1858-1913''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8838/ Ontario, Canada Births, 1832-1914] at Ancestry — index & images ($)
*'''1869-1912''' {{RecordSearch|1784212|Ontario Births, 1869-1912}} at FamilySearch — [[Ontario Births - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index
*'''1869-1912''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-30238/ontario-births-1869-1912?s=218489221 Ontario Births, 1869-1912]- at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/ My Heritage]; index & images ($)


Registration of marriages began as early as 1801 in various districts and in counties formed from those districts. Province-wide registration by civil authorities of births, marriages, and deaths officially began in Ontario on 1 July 1869. A substantially complete registration was achieved by 1930.  
===Marriages===
*'''1779 - 1858''' [https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/vital-statistics-births-marriages-deaths/marriage-bonds/Pages/search.aspx '''Search: Marriage Bonds, 1779-1858 - Lower & Upper Canada'''].
*'''1803 - 1845, 1865''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/328407?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Marriage bonds, licenses and correspondence of Ontario, Canada, 1803-1845, 1865''']
:*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/270320?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Nominal card index for the Lower Canada marriage bonds'''].
*'''1826 - 1938''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7921/ '''Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826-1938'''] - index and images - at Ancestry ($)
*'''1869 - 1927''' {{RecordSearch|1784216|'''Ontario Marriages, 1869-1927'''}} at FamilySearch — index and images
*'''1801 - 1858''' {{RecordSearch|2569151|'''Ontario, District Marriage Registers, 1801-1858'''}} at FamilySearch — index and images
::For a limited period of time prior to 1858, clergymen of faiths other than Anglican and Roman Catholic were asked to record marriage information in district marriage registers. Not all clergymen complied.
*'''1858 - 1869''' {{RecordSearch|2568642|'''Ontario, County Marriage Registers, 1858-1869'''}} at FamilySearch — index and images
::From 1858 to 1869, the province required the counties to keep marriage registers. Clergymen of all faiths were supposed to record information from their parish registers in county marriage books.  
===Deaths===
*'''1869 - 1948''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8946/ '''Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1948'''], index  and images - at Ancestry ($)
*'''1869 - 1937''' {{RecordSearch|1307826|'''Ontario Deaths, 1869-1937 and Overseas Deaths, 1939-1947'''}} at FamilySearch — index and images
*'''1939 - 1947 (Overseas Deaths)''' {{RecordSearch|1307826|'''Ontario Deaths, 1869-1937 and Overseas Deaths, 1939-1947'''}} at FamilySearch — index and images
===Divorces===
*[https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/vital-statistics-births-marriages-deaths/divorce-1841-1968/Pages/acts-divorce-1841-1968.aspx '''Acts of Divorce, 1841-1968'''], index
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5776/ '''Canada Parliamentary Marriage and Divorces, 1867-1919'''] index,  at Ancestry ($)
::"This database includes the names of the spouses, places of residence at the time of the marriage and divorce, other marriages (if noted), and dates of marriage and divorce (the date when the act became law) for divorce acts from this period. The original records may include additional information such as other places of residence, occupations, additional court action taken, and number of children (and occasionally their names or genders), if any. The very restrictive grounds for the cost of a divorce made them quite rare; the records are, however, worth obtaining when they apply".<ref>"Canada Parliamentary Marriage and Divorces, 1867-1919," at Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5776/, accessed 29 November 2020.</ref>


Each year, additional records are made available from the Archives of Ontario in Toronto. As of May 2007, the available records include:  
== Background and History of Ontario Vital Records  ==
*Civil governments create records of births, marriages, and deaths. Records containing this information are commonly called civil registration, vital statistics, or vital records, because they refer to critical events in a person's life.
*The practice of recording civil vital statistics developed slowly in Ontario. Except for some marriages reported by justices of the peace, nearly all of the vital records created before 1 July 1869 came from church records.
*These are very important documents for genealogical research, although the births, marriages, and deaths of many people have never been recorded by civil authorities. Before 1869, only marriages were recorded by civil authorities. Births and deaths in Ontario were not recorded until 1869.
*Although they were designated by 1800, Ontario counties did not always have their own governments. Early Ontario was divided into a varying number of districts, and each district included several counties. Most government records were organized on the basis of those districts. For further information, see [[Ontario, Canada, Boundary Changes and Maps|Ontario, Canada, Boundary Changes and Maps]].
*Only a few marriages were reported to district authorities between 1801 and 1831. Many more marriages were recorded in district marriage registers between 1831 and 1857. By 1858, the counties had become functioning governments in southern Ontario, and marriage registers were kept by counties.
*Civil authorities requested local clergy to turn in copies of their marriage records to local governments. Copies of these copies were then made and forwarded to district or county authorities. Those copies were then copied into register books. Therefore, the register books are a copy of a copy of a copy of the original church records. Mistakes could have been made at any step in the process.
==Contents of Records==
'''Births:''' Birth registrations include:
*the year of birth,
*name, gender
*father's name
*mother's maiden name
*father's rank or occupation
*signature and residence of informant (usually a relative)
*accoucheur's name (the person assisting with the birth)
*registration date, registrar's signature
*county/district of registration (an exact city, town or township is normally not given in the records for the earliest years).<br>
'''Marriages (1801-June 1869):''' There is a lot of variation in recorded information for marriages. It can be very limited in the early years:
:name of groom, bride, and clergy
*location, date and religious denomination of ceremony).<br>
'''Marriages (July 1869 and after):''' There is information about each person and about the marriage. <br>
About each person:
*Name
*age
*place of residence and birth
*marital status (bachelor/ widower, spinster / widow), occupation
*father’s name
*mother's maiden name
*religious denomination. <br>
About the marriage:
*Location and date marriage occurred,
*witnesses' names and residences
*name of clergy conducting the marriage
*whether marriage was by issuance of a marriage license or publication of banns
*registration date.<br>
'''Deaths:''' The records may include:
*the deceased person’s name
*age
*sex
*religious affiliation
*rank or profession
*birthplace
*cause of death
*name and description of informant
*registrar's name
*date registered
*county/ district of registration. <br>
Registrations after 1907 may also include:
*the place of burial and the
*name of the parents.<ref>'''Vital Statistics Records'''. Archives of Ontario. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_202_vital_statistics_EN.pdf, accessed 6 October 2020.</ref>


*Births, 1869-1911
==Pathfinders Research Guides for Using Microfilms (Archives of Ontario and FamilySearch Library)==
*Marriages, 1801-1924 (there may be gaps before 1869)
These guides have detailed step-by-step instructions and links in a logical pattern of methods for locating birth, marriage, and death records, using  the '''microfilms at the Archives of Ontario, and at the FamilySearch Library. They do not apply to the online records:'''
*Deaths, 1869-1934
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/pathfinder_birth_registrations.pdf '''Pathfinder to Birth Registrations''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/pathfinder_marriage_registrations.pdf '''Pathfinder to Marriage Registrations''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/pathfinder_death_registrations.pdf '''Pathfinder to Death Registrations''']
<br>


These records are on microfilm but not online. Go to [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/vsmain.aspx Ontario Vital Statistics ]for more information and an update on the years that are available.  
==FamilySearch Library Microfilms==
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/517518?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Births, stillbirths, and delayed registration with indexes, 1869-1912'''], images
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/530639?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Marriages - registrations, 1869-1927; original index, 1869-1876; index, 1873-1927; and delayed registrations, 1892-1919'''], images
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/515541?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Deaths - registration, 1869-1937 and index, 1869-1937'''], images
==Archives of Ontario==
*The Archives of Ontario receives Vital Statistics records from the Office of the Registrar General of Ontario on an annual basis. These records contain indexes (where they exist) and registrations capturing information about births, marriages and deaths in Ontario.
*Records are made available from the [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/tracing/vsmain.aspx '''Archives of Ontario'''] in Toronto.
*For complete instructions, see the Archives of Ontario research guide: [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_202_vital_statistics_EN.pdf '''Vital Statistics Records'''.]
*As of September 2020 (additional records are added each year), the available records include:
**Births, 1869-1919
**Marriages, 1801-1939 (there may be gaps before 1869)
**Deaths, 1869-1949
*For more recent records, the researcher may apply to the Registrar General of Ontario. There are restrictions on record access and a fee is required. [https://www.orgforms.gov.on.ca/eForms/start.do '''Online Certificate Application'''].


Records, including indexes, that are on film in the Family History Library can be found in the Family History Library Catalog by using the Place Search under ONTARIO - VITAL RECORDS. Conversion lists of the microfilm references between the Archives of Ontario and the Family History Library are available on the [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-ao-gsu.aspx Archives of Ontario Web site.]  
===Archives Research Guides===
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_202_vital_statistics_EN.pdf '''Vitals Statistics Records''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_202_vital_statistics_EN.pdf '''Understanding the Vital Statistics Indexes''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_204_birth_marriage_death.pdf '''Sources for Birth, Marriage and Death Records''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_210_divorce_files_in_ontario.pdf '''Finding Divorce Files in Ontario''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_211_york_county_divorce_files.pdf '''Finding York County Divorce Files''']


Records after the cutoff dates mentioned above must be obtained from the Office of the Registrar General.  
==Marriage Bonds==
*Marriage bonds were sometimes prepared when the couple were married by license, rather than having banns pronounced in church.
*Ontario marriage bonds, 1803-1845, have been microfilmed and digitized: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/328407?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Marriage bonds, licenses and correspondence of Ontario, Canada, 1803-1845, 1865''']
**The records are indexed in [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/270320?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Nominal card index for the Lower Canada marriage bonds'''].
**Most have been extracted and published in: Wilson, Thomas B. '''''Marriage Bonds of Ontario 1803-1834'''''. Lambertville, New Jersey, USA: Hunterdon House, 1985. {{FSC|202221|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}}. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/marriage-bonds-of-ontario-1803-1834/oclc/12546593 WorldCat].
*For a larger online collection, [https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/vital-statistics-births-marriages-deaths/marriage-bonds/Pages/search.aspx '''Search: Marriage Bonds, 1779-1858 - Lower & Upper Canada'''].


The following website can lead you to all information on vital records including the most updated information that is available online:
=="Gretna Green" Marriage Places==
Some Ontarians were married in the United States because requirements were less strict there than in Canada. When an '''eloping''' Ontario couple's marriage is not in their home county, search for it in alternate places (nick-named [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage "Gretna Greens"] after a popular elopement town in Scotland) like:<ref name="Eakle1">Arlene H. Eakle, "Have you searched and searched for a marriage without finding it?" in ''Genealogy Blog'' at [http://www.arleneeakle.com/wordpress/2007/02/19/have-you-searched-and-searched-for-the-marriage-without-finding-it/ Arlene H. Eakle](accessed 8 January 2011).</ref>
:*[[Essex County, New York Genealogy|Crown Point, Essex, New York]]
:*[[St. Lawrence County, New York Genealogy|Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence, New York]]
:*[[Erie County, New York Genealogy|Buffalo, Erie, New York]]
:*[[St. Clair County, Michigan Genealogy|Port Huron, St. Clair, Michigan]]
*Names of many who married in the Buffalo, New York, area from 1840 to 1890 are listed in: Jewitt, Allen E. '''''Early Canadian Marriages in Erie County, New York.''''' 12 Volumes. Hamburg, New York, USA: Jewitt, 1982. {{FSC|81990|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}}. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretna_Green#Marriage WorldCat].<br>
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/125447?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''People from Lambton County., Ontario, Canada and elsewhere in Ontario were married in St. Clair County, Michigan''']. (Most marriages took place in Port Huron, Michigan). These marriages are for the period 1838 to 1898. See also {{RecordSearch|1810350|'''Michigan, County Marriages, 1820-1940'''}} - index and images.


:[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-dintro.aspx http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/vsmain.aspx English Archival Records]
=== Divorce Records  ===
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_210_divorce_files_in_ontario.pdf '''Finding Divorce Files in Ontario''']
*[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_211_york_county_divorce_files.pdf '''Finding York County Divorce Files''']


== Birth and Death Records  ==
<br>
Divorce files are typically filed at the county courthouse where the divorce hearing took place. They may include the petition for divorce, affidavits, the degree nisi and the decree absolute (also referred to as the judgement absolute). Some files may also include examinations, documents relating to child custody, copies of marriage certificates and photographs of the people involved. In order to find a divorce file, you need to know when the divorce took place. There are three sources of records for divorces in Ontario. They cover the periods 1867 to 1930, 1931 to 1986, and 1987 to the present.
====1867 to 1930====
*Until 1930, only the '''Federal Parliament could grant a divorce in Ontario through a Resolution or an Act of Parliament'''. Couples had to have a private member’s bill (a bill that a Member of Parliament presented to the House of Commons) requesting that their divorce be granted.
*All divorces granted by the Federal Parliament are indexed: [http://www.cangenealogy.com/armstrong/divintro.htm '''Index to Canadian Parliamentary Divorces 1826-1946'''.] 
*Divorces granted between 1867 and 1930 are also indexed in a book titled [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/824256?availability=Family%20History%20Library '''Index to Canadian Parliamentary Divorces, 1867- 1930'''], by J. Brian Gilchrist and Nancy J. Duffy. This book is available in the Archives of Ontario’s Reading Room and in [https://www.worldcat.org/title/index-to-canadian-parliamentary-divorces-1867-1930/oclc/50079943 '''major public libraries (WorldCat).''']
*For a certified copy of the Resolution or Act of Parliament for a divorce (needed for legal purposes), you must contact:<br>
::Office of the Law Clerk and Parliamentary Counsel<br>Senate of Canada<br>1310-40 Elgin Street<br>Ottawa ON K1A 0A4<br>Canada<br>Telephone: 613-992-2416


Births and deaths were not recorded by civil authorities before 1869. You may find some information on pre-1869 births and deaths in genealogies, histories, church records, newspapers, and collections of personal papers.  
====1931 to 1986 and 1987 to the Present====
See [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_210_divorce_files_in_ontario.pdf '''Finding Divorce Files in Ontario'''] for details.


An article explaining&nbsp;[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-bindexes.aspx How to Use the Indexes to Birth and Stillbirth Registrations] is found on the Ontario,Canadia Web site.  
====Using Newspapers====
In order to narrow your search, you may wish to consult historic '''newspapers. Ontario divorce proceedings and decrees were rountinely published in newspapers''' such as The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star (formerly the Toronto Telegram). Back issues of The Globe and Mail and Toronto Star are available as part of the [https://about.proquest.com/products-services/pq-hist-news.html '''ProQuest Historical Newspapers Database'''] which is available free of charge in-person at most libraries in Southern Ontario. Some Ontario libraries also allow online access to ProQuest with a library card number.


Film conversions&nbsp;for Ontario records of births to Family History Library film numbers are available at the [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-boi-t.aspx Ontario Website].
==References==
 
<references/>
Ontario Registrations 1869-1947--A free index (no images) can be viewed at:&nbsp;&nbsp;
[[Category:Ontario Vital Records]] [[Category:Ontario Vital Records]]
 
[[fr:Ontario : Registres d'Etat Civil]]
[https://www.familysearch.org/#form=historical_records FamilySearch.org Historical Records]
 
&nbsp;Contents may include: birth &amp; death date, birth &amp; death place, parents names, parents birth place, mother's maiden name<br>
 
== Marriage Records  ==
 
From 1858 to 1869, the province required the counties to keep marriage registers. Clergymen of all faiths were supposed to record information from their parish registers in county marriage books. The available county marriage books are on microfilm at the Family History Library, cataloged under ONTARIO - VITAL RECORDS. A series of indexes is now being prepared for these records:
 
[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-mclergy.aspx#table1 Film conversions] from the Ontario, Canada marriage records to Family History Library Film numbers are available.
 
Britnell, W. E. and Elizabeth Hancocks, eds. ''County Marriage Registers of Ontario, Canada 1858-1869''. Volumes 1-. Agincourt, Ontario: Generation Press, 1979-. (Family History Library {{FHL|971.3 V22m|disp=book 971.3 V22m}}.)
 
For a limited period of time prior to 1858, clergymen of faiths other than Anglican and Roman Catholic were asked to record marriage information in district marriage registers. Not all clergymen complied. Microfilms of the available records are at the Family History Library. Consult the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under ONTARIO - VITAL RECORDS.
 
Marriage bonds were sometimes prepared when the couple were married by license, rather than having banns pronounced in church. Ontario marriage bonds, 1803-1845, have been microfilmed and are at the Family History Library, cataloged under ONTARIO - VITAL RECORDS. An alphabetical index to these records is on Family History Library films {{FHL|270320|title-id|disp=1276180-82}}. Most have been extracted and published in:
 
Wilson, Thomas B. ''Marriage Bonds of Ontario 1803-1834''. Lambertville, New Jersey, USA: Hunterdon House, 1985. (Family History Library {{FHL|202221|title-id|disp=book 971.3 V29w}}.)
 
'''Gretna Green marriage places.''' When a marriage was transacted in a jurisdiction that was not the residence of the parties being married, to avoid restrictions or procedures imposed by the parties' home jurisdiction, that place became a "[[Gretna Greens in the United States|Gretna Green]]."
 
Some Ontarians were married in the United States because requirements were less strict there than in Canada. Names of many who married in the Buffalo, New York, area from 1840 to 1890 are listed in:
 
*Jewitt, Allen E. ''Early Canadian Marriages in Erie County, New York.'' 12 Volumes. Hamburg, New York, USA: Jewitt, 1982. (Family History Library {{FHL|81990|title-id|disp=book 974.796 V2j; fiche 6010977-88}}.)
 
People from Lambton County., Ontario, Canada and elsewhere in Ontario were married in [http://www.granniesgenealogygarden.com/Granny1/clair1.html St. Clair County, Michigan]. (Most marriages took place in Port Huron, Mich). These marriages are for the period 1838 to 1898.
 
When an '''eloping''' Ontario couple's marriage is not in their home county, search for it in alternate places like:<ref name="Eakle1">Arlene H. Eakle, "Have you searched and searched for a marriage without finding it?" in ''Genealogy Blog'' at [http://www.arleneeakle.com/wordpress/2007/02/19/have-you-searched-and-searched-for-the-marriage-without-finding-it/ Arlene H. Eakle](accessed 8 January 2011).</ref>  
 
:*[[Essex County, New York|Crown Point, Essex, New York]]
:*[[St. Lawrence County, New York|Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence, New York]]
:*[[Niagara County, New York|Niagara Falls, Niagara, New York]]
:*[[Erie County, New York|Buffalo, Erie, New York]]
:*[[St. Clair County, Michigan|Port Huron, St. Clair, Michigan]]
 
== Divorce Records  ==
 
Until 1930 an Act of the Parliament of Canada was required to obtain a divorce in Ontario. The act(s) for a divorce often give detailed genealogical information. Copies are available from the Clerk of the Senate. Provide the names of the spouses and the estimated year of divorce and write to:  
 
'''The Clerk of the Senate'''<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Parliament Buildings<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CANADA
 
In 1930, divorce became a matter for the Supreme Court of Ontario. See the “[[Ontario Court Records|Ontario Court Records]]”&nbsp;article. Some Ontarians received divorces in United States jurisdictions, even though such divorces had no legal standing in Canada.
 
== Cemetery Records ==
 
[http://ocfa.islandnet.com/homepage.html Ontario Cemetery Finding Aid]: A database of over 3 million interments in Ontario. Information on those behind this monumental endeavor is available [http://ocfa.islandnet.com/about.html here].
 
== Websites  ==
 
*[http://www.halinet.on.ca/localhistory/forms.htm Halinet.on.ca]
 
The following database is available online for free at [https://www.familysearch.org/#form=historical_records FamilySearch Record Search].
 
*Ontario Deaths 1869-1947
 
The following databases are available online for a fee at [http://www.ancestry.com/ Ancestry.com].
 
*Ontario, Canada Births, 1869-1907
*Ontario, Canada Marriages, 1857-1922
*Ontario, Canada Deaths, 1869-1932
 
The following databases areavailable online at [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~onvsr/ Rootsweb.ancestry.com]
 
*Births 1869-1911
*Deaths
*Marriages 1800-1927
 
== Tips  ==
 
For research strategies for all provinces, see [[Canada Vital Records|Canada Vital Records]]&nbsp;and click on '''Research Strategies'''.
 
=== Tip 1. How do I find my ancestor's marriage if they weren't in an index?  ===
 
Not all early marriage registers are indexed. You may need to search the registers page by page.
 
Look first for your ancestor's marriage record in the marriage register for the district or county where he or she lived. Look also for marriages of brothers and sisters, children, and even remarriages of parents, aunts, and uncles.
 
Then look in the marriage registers for neighboring districts or counties. Travelling clergymen may have registered marriages with civil authorities in any district or county along their way. For an explanation of districts and counties, see the '''Background''' section of this article.
 
Look at all records of churches and clergymen in the area, especially Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, which were not always required to register marriages with district or county authorities.
 
If you find a marriage in the district or county registers, see if you can find it in the church records as well. There may be new information.
 
At certain periods of Ontario's history, only certain denominations were allowed to perform marriages. In many cases individuals were married by a priest or minister of a religion other than their own.
 
Not all marriages were reported to government authorities. However, there are many records of early Ontario marriages:
 
*The Family History Library has many parish records of the Roman Catholic Church and some church records for smaller denominations. Most are listed in the '''Place Search''' of the Family History Library Catalog under ONTARIO, [COUNTY], [CITY] - CHURCH RECORDS.
*The National Archives of Canada has microfilm copies of some church records. National Archives of Canada microfilm numbers are listed in Checklist of Parish Registers 1986.
*Some church records are mixed with government vital records in the Marriage Records Collection.
*Other church marriage records remain in the local churches. Some are at the church archives listed in [[Ontario Church Records]] and [[Canada Church Records]].
 
Only a few district marriage registers exist before 1831. Some of the district marriage registers after 1831 and one or two of the county marriage registers have been lost. In some cases, the original church records no longer exist. However, much information about your ancestor's family may be found by searching whatever records do exist for that early period in the area where your ancestor lived.
 
=== Tip 2: What should I search next for a marriage?  ===
 
First look for marriage records of other family members, such as a spouse, brothers or sisters, parents and children.
 
Then search for family information in records such as:
 
*Censuses
*Church records
*Cemetery records
*Obituaries
*Birth, marriage, and death notices in newspapers
*Local histories
*Genealogies
*Probate records often give married names of daughters (clue to marriage)
*Land and property records
*Immigration records, especially border crossings
*Family letters and Bibles
*Military records
*Lineage society records, such as United Empire Loyalists.
 
<br>
 
== Background and history of Ontario Vital Records  ==
 
Civil governments create records of births, marriages, and deaths. Records containing this information are commonly called vital records, because they refer to critical events in a person's life.
 
The practice of recording civil vital statistics developed slowly in Ontario. Except for some marriages reported by justices of the peace, nearly all of the vital records created before 1 July 1869 came from church records.
 
These are very important documents for genealogical research, although the births, marriages, and deaths of many people have never been recorded by civil authorities. Before 1869, only marriages were recorded by civil authorities. Births and deaths in Ontario were not recorded until 1869.
 
Although they were designated by 1800, Ontario counties did not always have their own governments. Early Ontario was divided into a varying number of districts, and each district included several counties. Most government records were organized on the basis of those districts. For further information, see [[Ontario, Canada, Boundary Changes and Maps|Ontario, Canada, Boundary Changes and Maps]].
 
==== Marriages before July, 1869  ====
 
Only a few marriages were reported to district authorities between 1801 and 1831. Many more marriages were recorded in district marriage registers between 1831 and 1857. By 1858, the counties had become functioning governments in southern Ontario, and marriage registers were kept by counties.
 
Civil authorities requested local clergy to turn in copies of their marriage records to local governments. Copies of these copies were then made and forwarded to district or county authorities. Those copies were then copied into register books. Therefore, the register books are a copy of a copy of a copy of the original church records. Mistakes could have been made at any step in the process.
 
Major government vital records for Ontario before 1869 consist of marriages only. For a description of the types of marriages and what information they contain, see these subsections:
 
*District Marriage Registers 1801 to 1857
*Marriage Bonds 1803 to 1845
*County Marriage Registers 1858 to June 1869
*Province-wide marriages 1869–present
 
<br>These and other vital records are described in detail in Brenda Dougall Merriman, ''Genealogy in Ontario: Searching the Records'', 3rd edition, and in any of the volumes in the series by Dan Walker and others, ''The Marriage Registers of Upper Canada/Canada West''.
 
===== District marriage registers 1801 to 1857  =====
 
District marriage registers were created by civil authorities from reports sent to them by many Protestant ministers.
 
'''Indexes '''to district marriage registers include:
 
*Books that index and include information from some district marriage registers are being published as part of a series called ''The Marriage Registers of Upper Canada/Canada West''.
*A few district marriage registers have been published separately, such as Edwin A. Livingston, ''Johnstown District Marriages 1801-1851''.
*Some microfilmed indexes to district marriage registers are included in ''Marriage Registers 1801-1944''. The district marriage registers themselves are also in this collection.
 
If you did not find the needed marriage in the above indexes, search the indexes to the marriage bonds (mentioned below). They may help you to identify the district where your ancestor or family members married in Ontario between 1803 and 1845. Then search the actual registers which are included in Marriage Registers 1801-1944.
 
'''District marriage registers and what they contain'''
 
Beginning about 1801, some Protestant ministers were granted legal permission to perform marriages and were requested to report those marriages to district authorities. As other religious groups were given permission to perform marriages, they also were requested to report those marriages.
 
By 1831, marriages performed by many Protestant groups were being recorded in district marriage registers. The Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England (Anglican Church) were considered "established" churches, and their marriages were not recorded in district marriage registers.
 
This table tells you the genealogical information contained in early Ontario district marriage registers.
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| <div style="text-align: center">'''DISTRICT MARRIAGE REGISTERS 1801 to 1857'''</div>
|}
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| '''USUALLY CONTAIN'''
| '''MAY CONTAIN'''
|-
|
*Name of groom
*Name of bride
*Date of marriage
*Name, religion, and residence of the clergyman who performed the ceremony
 
|
*Age of groom
*Age of bride Residence of groom and bride
*Names and residences of one or two witnesses
*Remarks
 
|}
 
===== '''Marriage bonds 1803 to 1845'''  =====
 
Marriage bonds were issued in some cases by a magistrate or a justice of the peace giving a couple license to marry. Some marriages for which there are bonds may also appear in the District Marriage Registers.
 
'''Indexes''' to the marriage bonds include:
 
A book that indexes many of the marriage bonds and includes information from them is Thomas B. Wilson, ''Marriage Bonds of Ontario 1803-1834''. Microfilmed indexes to the bonds are in ''Nominal Card Index for the Upper Canada Marriage Bonds''. Check the Internet for online indexes.
 
The microfilmed marriage bonds themselves are included in ''Marriage Bonds, Licenses and Correspondence of Ontario (Upper Canada) 1803-1845''.
 
Marriage bonds and what they contain
 
A marriage bond was issued in behalf of a couple who intended to marry. The date the bond was issued may not be the date of the marriage. In some cases, the marriage did not take place. The marriage may have been performed by a magistrate or justice of the peace, rather than a minister.
 
Most marriage bonds for Ontario are for the years between 1803 and 1845. The two bondsmen, who were friends or relatives of the couple, declared that there was no obstacle to the marriage.
 
This table tells you the genealogical information contained in early Ontario marriage bonds.
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| <div style="text-align: center">'''MARRIAGE BONDS 1803 to 1845'''</div>
|}
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| '''USUALLY CONTAIN'''
| '''MAY CONTAIN'''
|-
|
*Names of man and woman who intended to marry
*Date and place of bond
*Names and residences of two bondsmen
 
|
*Occupation of man who intended to marry
*Occupations of the bondsmen
*Name of the woman's father if she was underage and his permission to marry was required
 
|}
 
===== '''County marriage registers 1858 to 1869'''  =====
 
County marriage registers were created by civil authorities from reports sent to them by ministers of all faiths.
 
Indexes in book form for most county marriage registers are County Marriage Registers of Ontario, Canada, 1858-1869.
 
Microfilmed indexes for one or two county marriage registers are listed with the Marriage Registers 1801-1944. The county marriage registers are also listed there.
 
County marriage registers and what they contain
 
By 1858, clergy of all faiths were allowed to perform marriages in Ontario. All clergy, including Catholics and Anglicans, were requested to report marriages. If they were reported, they were recorded in the county marriage registers.
 
This table tells you the genealogical information contained in early Ontario county marriage registers.
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| <div style="text-align: center">'''COUNTY MARRIAGE REGISTERS 1858 to 1869'''</div>
|}
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| '''USUALLY CONTAIN'''
| '''MAY CONTAIN'''
|-
|
*Name of bride and groom
*Date and place of marriage
*Ages of couple at time of marriage
*Residences at time of marriage
*Birthplaces of bride and groom (town, province, or country)
*Groom's rank or profession
*Names of parents
*Name of person who performed the marriage (possible clue to family's religion)
*Names of witnesses (possible relatives)
*Date of registration
*Name of township and county where marriage took place, and where it was registered
 
|
*Religion of bride and groom
*Previous marriage (if any)
*Signatures of couple and witnesses
 
|}
 
=== '''Births, Marriages, and Deaths, 1869 to the present'''  ===
 
Province-wide registration of births, marriages and deaths began in July, 1869.
 
In addition to the information given below,&nbsp;see the [http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/archival-records/interloan/v-contents.aspx Archives of Ontario Vital Statistics Table of Contents].
 
==== Indexes  ====
 
A free&nbsp;Internet index to [[Ontario Births, 1869-1912 (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario births 1869-1912]] with digital images is available at FamilySearch Record Search.
 
'''How vital records and indexes are organized (1869 to the present).'''
 
Each year, township clerks or other officials forwarded the births, marriages, and deaths for their locality to the office of the Ontario Registrar General. These often included late registrations, especially for births, marriages, or deaths that occurred late in one year, but were not reported until January of the new year.
 
When the records were microfilmed, they were:
 
*Put in order by the name of the county.
*Kept together by township for each registration year. Townships do not appear in any specific order, however.
*Stamped with a registration number on each record.
*Indexed year by year by the names of the people who were born, married, or died.
 
<br>You need both the registration year and the registration number from the index to find a microfilmed record.
 
If the record you need has not been microfilmed, contact the Office of the Registrar General for information.
 
The '''indexes''' were created from the paper copy of the original hand-written registrations. They give:
 
*The name of each person who was born, married, or died. Women who had been married before were indexed under their previous married surname.
*The date of the birth, marriage, or death.
*The town or township where the birth, marriage, or death occurred.
*REGISTRATION YEAR.
*REGISTRATION NUMBER.
 
<br>The indexes are arranged:
 
*By the first initial of the surname.
*Year by year within that initial.
*With names in alphabetical order for each year.
 
For example, if you were looking for Charles Grove, who was born about 1882:
 
#Get the microfilm of the index for births that contains the "G" surnames for the years 1869 to 1895.
#Turn to the year 1882.
#Turn to the Grove surname.
#Search for Charles, Charley, and other variations.
 
If you can't find the name, search different spellings of the surname, such as Groves or Grover. Remember that the indexer could have misread the handwriting of the clerk.
 
If you still can't find the name, search the years before (1881, 1880, etc.) and the years after (1883, 1884, etc.).
 
==== The registration year.  ====
 
Not all births, marriages, and deaths were registered in the same year that they occurred.
 
*Most were registered during that same year.
*Many were registered in the following year or two (slightly delayed registrations).
*Some were registered several years later (very delayed registrations). For example, an adult may have filed a delayed registration as proof of birth for a passport or other reasons.
 
The index includes the births, marriages, and deaths that occured each year, no matter what year they were registered.
 
{| width="500" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1" align="right"
|-
| valign="middle" bgcolor="#ffff99" align="left" | The registration year is extremely important for finding the actual vital record.
The index always gives the registration year (two digits). It often appears in the righthand column of the index, but may be toward the middle of the index in a small column labeled "Yr. Reg."
 
If the registration year was given as 84, it was registered in 1884. If the number was 45, it was not registered until 1945 -- a (very) delayed registration.
 
|}
 
==== The registration number.  ====
 
The registration number is 6 digits long. (If you have one that is 8 digits long, the last two numbers are probably the registration year.)
 
The first digit in the registration number also helps to determine which microfilm will have the record you want. For example:
 
{| width="688" border="1" class="vertical listing"
|-
| If the year of registration was:
| The first digit of the registration # will be
| How to get the microfilm number that has the record you need
|-
| In the same year as the birth marriage or death
| 0 or 1
|
#Find the microfilms for the year that the birth, marriage, or death occurred.
#Select the microfilm which has the registration number you need for that year.
 
For example, birth registration # 041983 from the 1884 index registration year 84
 
Get the microfilm which has registration number 41983 for births registered in 1884
 
|-
| One or two years later
| 2 or 3
|
#Find the microfilms for the year that the birth, marriage, or death was registered. This information is given in the index, and will be one or two years later than the actual year of birth, marriage, or death.
#Drop the first digit (the 2 or 3) from the registration number, which will now be only 5 digits long.
#Select the microfilm which has the registration number.
 
For example, birth registration #245129 from the 1884 index registration year 85:
 
*Drop the first digit which is a 2
*Get the microfilm which has registration number 45129 for births registered in 1885
 
|-
| Several years later (very delayed registrations) Called "Series 50" or "Series 90" registrations
| 5 or 9 (births)
|
#Locate the microfilms for the correct series of delayed registrations, which are easily recognized at the end of the microfilm list.
#Find the microfilms in that series which include the year that the birth occurred. (These are arranged by year of birth.)
#Select the microfilm which has the registration number you need. (Keep the 5 or 9 as part of the registration number.)
 
For example, an 1884 birth, registration number 501015; registration year 46:
 
*Find the delayed registration microfilms at the end of the list.
*Get the film that has registration number 501015 for the year 1884.
 
|-
| Several years later (very delayed registrations) Called "Series 50" registrations.
| 5 (marriages)
|
#Locate the microfilms for the delayed registrations, which are easily recognized at the end of the microfilm list. (They follow the marriage licenses.)
#Find the microfilms in that series which include the year that the marriage occurred. (These are arranged by year of marriage.)
#Select the microfilm which has the registration number you need. (Keep the 5 as part of the registration number.)
 
For example, an 1884 marriage, registration number 501015; registration year 46:
 
*Find the delayed registration microfilms at the end of the list.
*Get the film that has registration number 501015 for the year 1884.
 
|-
| Several years later (very delayed registrations) Called "Series 90" registrations
| 9 (Marriages)
| If you find an index entry to a "series 90" marriage for your family, the record must be obtained from the Office of the Registrar General. These are not available at the Family History Library.
|-
| Several years later (very delayed registrations)
| 4 (Deaths)
| All series of very delayed death records (registration numbers above 400000) must be obtained from the Office of the Registrar General. These are not available at the Family History Library.
|}
 
=== Sources  ===
 
{{reflist}}
 
<br> {{Ontario|Ontario}} {{Canada Vital Records}}
 
<br> Wiki articles describing these collections are found at:
 
*[[Ontario Births (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario Births (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]<br>
*[[Ontario Deaths and Overseas Deaths (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario Deaths and Overseas Deaths (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]&nbsp;
*[[Ontario Births and Baptisms (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario Births and Baptisms (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
*[[Ontario Marriages (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario Marriages 1800-1910 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
*[[Ontario Marriages, 1869-1927 (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Ontario Marriages 1869-1927 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
 
[[Category:Ontario]] [[Category:Canada_Vital_Records]]

Latest revision as of 17:27, 6 November 2023

Ontario Wiki Topics
Ontario Flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
Ontario Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Online Records

Births

Marriages

For a limited period of time prior to 1858, clergymen of faiths other than Anglican and Roman Catholic were asked to record marriage information in district marriage registers. Not all clergymen complied.
From 1858 to 1869, the province required the counties to keep marriage registers. Clergymen of all faiths were supposed to record information from their parish registers in county marriage books.

Deaths

Divorces

"This database includes the names of the spouses, places of residence at the time of the marriage and divorce, other marriages (if noted), and dates of marriage and divorce (the date when the act became law) for divorce acts from this period. The original records may include additional information such as other places of residence, occupations, additional court action taken, and number of children (and occasionally their names or genders), if any. The very restrictive grounds for the cost of a divorce made them quite rare; the records are, however, worth obtaining when they apply".[1]

Background and History of Ontario Vital Records

  • Civil governments create records of births, marriages, and deaths. Records containing this information are commonly called civil registration, vital statistics, or vital records, because they refer to critical events in a person's life.
  • The practice of recording civil vital statistics developed slowly in Ontario. Except for some marriages reported by justices of the peace, nearly all of the vital records created before 1 July 1869 came from church records.
  • These are very important documents for genealogical research, although the births, marriages, and deaths of many people have never been recorded by civil authorities. Before 1869, only marriages were recorded by civil authorities. Births and deaths in Ontario were not recorded until 1869.
  • Although they were designated by 1800, Ontario counties did not always have their own governments. Early Ontario was divided into a varying number of districts, and each district included several counties. Most government records were organized on the basis of those districts. For further information, see Ontario, Canada, Boundary Changes and Maps.
  • Only a few marriages were reported to district authorities between 1801 and 1831. Many more marriages were recorded in district marriage registers between 1831 and 1857. By 1858, the counties had become functioning governments in southern Ontario, and marriage registers were kept by counties.
  • Civil authorities requested local clergy to turn in copies of their marriage records to local governments. Copies of these copies were then made and forwarded to district or county authorities. Those copies were then copied into register books. Therefore, the register books are a copy of a copy of a copy of the original church records. Mistakes could have been made at any step in the process.

Contents of Records

Births: Birth registrations include:

  • the year of birth,
  • name, gender
  • father's name
  • mother's maiden name
  • father's rank or occupation
  • signature and residence of informant (usually a relative)
  • accoucheur's name (the person assisting with the birth)
  • registration date, registrar's signature
  • county/district of registration (an exact city, town or township is normally not given in the records for the earliest years).

Marriages (1801-June 1869): There is a lot of variation in recorded information for marriages. It can be very limited in the early years:

name of groom, bride, and clergy
  • location, date and religious denomination of ceremony).

Marriages (July 1869 and after): There is information about each person and about the marriage.
About each person:

  • Name
  • age
  • place of residence and birth
  • marital status (bachelor/ widower, spinster / widow), occupation
  • father’s name
  • mother's maiden name
  • religious denomination.

About the marriage:

  • Location and date marriage occurred,
  • witnesses' names and residences
  • name of clergy conducting the marriage
  • whether marriage was by issuance of a marriage license or publication of banns
  • registration date.

Deaths: The records may include:

  • the deceased person’s name
  • age
  • sex
  • religious affiliation
  • rank or profession
  • birthplace
  • cause of death
  • name and description of informant
  • registrar's name
  • date registered
  • county/ district of registration.

Registrations after 1907 may also include:

  • the place of burial and the
  • name of the parents.[2]

Pathfinders Research Guides for Using Microfilms (Archives of Ontario and FamilySearch Library)

These guides have detailed step-by-step instructions and links in a logical pattern of methods for locating birth, marriage, and death records, using the microfilms at the Archives of Ontario, and at the FamilySearch Library. They do not apply to the online records:


FamilySearch Library Microfilms

Archives of Ontario

  • The Archives of Ontario receives Vital Statistics records from the Office of the Registrar General of Ontario on an annual basis. These records contain indexes (where they exist) and registrations capturing information about births, marriages and deaths in Ontario.
  • Records are made available from the Archives of Ontario in Toronto.
  • For complete instructions, see the Archives of Ontario research guide: Vital Statistics Records.
  • As of September 2020 (additional records are added each year), the available records include:
    • Births, 1869-1919
    • Marriages, 1801-1939 (there may be gaps before 1869)
    • Deaths, 1869-1949
  • For more recent records, the researcher may apply to the Registrar General of Ontario. There are restrictions on record access and a fee is required. Online Certificate Application.

Archives Research Guides

Marriage Bonds

"Gretna Green" Marriage Places

Some Ontarians were married in the United States because requirements were less strict there than in Canada. When an eloping Ontario couple's marriage is not in their home county, search for it in alternate places (nick-named "Gretna Greens" after a popular elopement town in Scotland) like:[3]

Divorce Records


Divorce files are typically filed at the county courthouse where the divorce hearing took place. They may include the petition for divorce, affidavits, the degree nisi and the decree absolute (also referred to as the judgement absolute). Some files may also include examinations, documents relating to child custody, copies of marriage certificates and photographs of the people involved. In order to find a divorce file, you need to know when the divorce took place. There are three sources of records for divorces in Ontario. They cover the periods 1867 to 1930, 1931 to 1986, and 1987 to the present.

1867 to 1930

  • Until 1930, only the Federal Parliament could grant a divorce in Ontario through a Resolution or an Act of Parliament. Couples had to have a private member’s bill (a bill that a Member of Parliament presented to the House of Commons) requesting that their divorce be granted.
  • All divorces granted by the Federal Parliament are indexed: Index to Canadian Parliamentary Divorces 1826-1946.
  • Divorces granted between 1867 and 1930 are also indexed in a book titled Index to Canadian Parliamentary Divorces, 1867- 1930, by J. Brian Gilchrist and Nancy J. Duffy. This book is available in the Archives of Ontario’s Reading Room and in major public libraries (WorldCat).
  • For a certified copy of the Resolution or Act of Parliament for a divorce (needed for legal purposes), you must contact:
Office of the Law Clerk and Parliamentary Counsel
Senate of Canada
1310-40 Elgin Street
Ottawa ON K1A 0A4
Canada
Telephone: 613-992-2416

1931 to 1986 and 1987 to the Present

See Finding Divorce Files in Ontario for details.

Using Newspapers

In order to narrow your search, you may wish to consult historic newspapers. Ontario divorce proceedings and decrees were rountinely published in newspapers such as The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star (formerly the Toronto Telegram). Back issues of The Globe and Mail and Toronto Star are available as part of the ProQuest Historical Newspapers Database which is available free of charge in-person at most libraries in Southern Ontario. Some Ontario libraries also allow online access to ProQuest with a library card number.

References

  1. "Canada Parliamentary Marriage and Divorces, 1867-1919," at Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5776/, accessed 29 November 2020.
  2. Vital Statistics Records. Archives of Ontario. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/documents/research_guide_202_vital_statistics_EN.pdf, accessed 6 October 2020.
  3. Arlene H. Eakle, "Have you searched and searched for a marriage without finding it?" in Genealogy Blog at Arlene H. Eakle(accessed 8 January 2011).