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To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]]
{{Inok}}
Guide to '''Muscogee (Creek) Nation''' ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.


{{AIDC}} <br>  
<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Native American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div><br>
[[Image:The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg|right|350px|The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg]]


[[Image:The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg|thumb|right|328px|The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg]]
== Introduction ==
 
Creek Indians were also known as Muskogee Creek.  
Creek Indians were also known as Muskogee.  


The Creek Indians are one of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]: Creek, [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw]], and [[Seminole Indians|Seminole]] <br>  
The Creek Indians are one of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]: Creek, [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw]], and [[Seminole Indians|Seminole]] <br>  
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'''Federal Status: '''Recognized  
'''Federal Status: '''Recognized  


'''Clans: '''Wind, Bird, Alligator, Bear  
'''Clans: '''Wind, Bird, Alligator, and Bear  


'''Original homeland:''' along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]], [[Indians of Alabama|Alabama]], [[Indians of Florida|Florida]], [[Indians of Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[Indians of Louisiana|Louisiana]], and [[Indians of Tennessee|Tennessee]]  
'''Original homeland:''' along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]], [[Indians of Alabama|Alabama]], [[Indians of Florida|Florida]], [[Indians of Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[Indians of Louisiana|Louisiana]], and [[Indians of Tennessee|Tennessee]]  
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Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so they had to marry someone from a different clan than his or her own.  
Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so they had to marry someone from a different clan than his or her own.  


The Creek Nation is comprised of '''six political districts''': 1. Coweta, 2. Deep Fork, 3. Eufaula, 4. Muscogee, 5. Okmulgee, 6. Wewoka; these districts functions like counties.  
The Creek Nation is comprised of '''six political districts''': 1. Coweta, 2. Deep Fork, 3. Eufaula, 4. Muscogee, 5. Okmulgee, 6. Wewoka; these districts function like counties.  


=== Tribal Headquarters ===
Creek Confederacy included : Hitichita, Koasti and Yuchia.  


Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma <br>P. O. Box 580 <br>Okmulgee, Oklahoma 74447 <br>Phone: 918-756-8700
Band others associated with the Creek: Natchea, Tuskegee, 


Muskogee (Creek) Nation:&nbsp;[http://www.muscogeenation-nsn.gov/ http://www.muscogeenation-nsn.gov/]<br>
== Tribal Headquarters  ==


=== History  ===
'''Muscogee Creek Nation of Oklahoma'''<br>Hwy 75 & Loop 56 / P. O. Box 580 <br>Okmulgee, Oklahoma 74447 <br>Phone: 800-482-1979 or 918-732-7600<br>[https://www.mcn-nsn.gov/ Website]<br>


Their ancestral homeland was in Alabama and Georgia.
== History  ==


=== Brief Timeline  ===
Their ancestral homeland was in Alabama and Georgia.<br>


*'''1540:''' First contact Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto  
== Brief Timeline  ==
 
*'''1540:''' First contact Spanish explorer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto Hernando De Soto]
*'''1703-08:''' Creeks were allies of the English in the Apalachee Wars.  
*'''1703-08:''' Creeks were allies of the English in the Apalachee Wars.  
*'''1775:''' supported the British in the American Revolutionary War  
*'''August 21, 1739:''' Treaty of Savannah
*'''May 1, 1773:''' Treaty of Augusta
*'''1775:''' Supported the British in the American [[Research U.S. Revolutionary War Ancestor|Revolutionary War]]
*'''November 1, 1783:''' Treaty of Augusta
*'''November 25, 1785:''' Treaty at Hopewell, [[Indians of South Carolina|South Carolina]]  
*'''November 25, 1785:''' Treaty at Hopewell, [[Indians of South Carolina|South Carolina]]  
*'''1813-1814:''' Creek Wars, General Andrew Jackson, in command of some of the forces  
*'''1813-1814:''' Creek Wars, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson General Andrew Jackson], in command of some of the forces  
*'''1796-1816:''' Benjamin Hawkins, was the federal agent to the Creeks  
*'''1796-1816:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Hawkins Benjamin Hawkins], was the federal agent to the Creeks  
*'''June 29, 1796:''' Coleraine, Georgia  
*'''August 7, 1790:''' Treaty of New York
*'''1816:''' after the death of Benjamin Hawkins, President James Madison appointed David B. Mitchell, a former governor of Georgia. He undermined the Creeks' sovereignty and initiated acts to take all of their lands in Georgia.  
*'''June 29, 1796:''' Treaty of Colerain
*'''August 9, 1814:''' Fort Jackson, Alabama
*'''June 16, 1802:''' Treaty of Fort Wilkinson
*'''January 22, 1818:''' [[Creek Indian Agency (Georgia)|Creek agency]] on Flint river  
*'''1805-1833:''' The state of Georgia holds eight lotteries to distribute land seized from the Creeks and Cherokees.
*'''January 8, 1821 / February 12, 1825:''' Treaty of Indian Springs negotiated by Creek leader William McIntosh. He was later (1825) executed by the Creek Nation for the deed.  
*'''November 14, 1805:''' Treaty of Washington
*'''January 24, 1826''': Washington D.C.; Creeks would sell their land. Ratified April 22, 1826  
*'''August 9, 1814:''' Treaty of Fort Jackson
*'''March 24, 1832:''' Treaty that the United States would remove intruders.
*'''1816:''' After the death of Benjamin Hawkins, President James Madison appointed [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/david-b-mitchell-1766-1837 David B. Mitchell], a former governor of Georgia. He undermined the Creeks' sovereignty and initiated acts to take all of their lands in Georgia.
*'''January 22, 1818:''' [[Creek Indian Agency (Georgia)|Creek agency]] on Flint river; Treaty of Fort Mitchell
*'''January 8, 1821 / February 12, 1825:''' Treaty of Indian Springs negotiated by Creek leader [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McIntosh William McIntosh]. He was later (1825) executed by the Creek Nation for the deed.  
*'''January 24, 1826''': Washington D.C.; Creeks would sell their land. Ratified April 22, 1826, Treaty of Washington
*'''November 15, 1827:''' Treaty of Indian Agency
*'''March 24, 1832:''' Treaty that the United States would remove intruders, Treaty of Washington
*'''1836-1837:''' removed from Georgia and Alabama to eastern Oklahoma. Some were taken by a southern route to New Orleans and then by steamboats (''Monmouth'') up the Mississippi River to Arkansas. The ''Monmouth'' collided with the ''Trenton'' more than 300 Creeks drowned. During removal 3,500 died of the 15,000.  
*'''1836-1837:''' removed from Georgia and Alabama to eastern Oklahoma. Some were taken by a southern route to New Orleans and then by steamboats (''Monmouth'') up the Mississippi River to Arkansas. The ''Monmouth'' collided with the ''Trenton'' more than 300 Creeks drowned. During removal 3,500 died of the 15,000.  
*'''November 23, 1838: '''Ft. Gibson  
*'''November 23, 1838: '''Ft. Gibson  
*Creek Nation formed into '''six districts''': Coweta District, Deep Fork District, Eufaula District, Muskogee District, Okmulgee District, and Wewoka District.  
*Creek Nation formed into '''six districts''': Coweta District, Deep Fork District, Eufaula District, Muskogee District, Okmulgee District, and Wewoka District.  
*'''1861-1865:''' United States Civil War the tribe was split; some allying with the Union others with the Confederate Army  
* 1842: Koweta Mission a Presbyterian institution School was established and founded by Robert M. Loughridge at Coweta. Later became Koweta Manual Labor School for boys and girls. 
*  1842: Asbury Mission (Methodist) was opened near North Fork Town. 
* 1850: Tallahassee Mission School ( Presbyterian)  William S. Robertson, the principal of the Tallahassee Mission school imported a printing press and wrote the ''Creek First Reader, which helped Creek and Seminole children learn to read and write their own language. '' 
* '''1860:''' Not more than two hundred Seminoles were left in Florida.  Most of these were Mikasuki people, a small minority Creek. The Mikasukis retreated into the fastness of the Everglades of Lake Okeechobee. 
*'''1861-1865:''' [[American Indians in the Civil War|United States Civil War]] the tribe was split; some allying with the Union others with the Confederate Army  
*'''1867:''' Tribe adopted a new constitution  
*'''1867:''' Tribe adopted a new constitution  
*'''1887:''' [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Act]]  
*'''1887:''' [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Act]]  
*'''1907:''' Oklahoma became the 46th State.  
*'''1907:''' Oklahoma became the 46th State.  
*Creek Nation divided into '''eight counties''': Creek, Hughes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee,Okmaulgee, Tulsa and Wagoner  
*Creek Nation divided into '''eight counties''': Creek, Hughes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee, Okmaulgee, Tulsa and Wagoner  
*'''1953:''' U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle.It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br>  
*'''1953:''' U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br>  
*'''1968:''' Indian Civil Rights Act restored the right to hold popular elections.
*'''1968:''' Indian Civil Rights Act restored the right to hold popular elections.


=== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ===
== Additional References  ==


Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-tribe.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Creek tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-confederacy.htm The Indian Tribes of North America.]  
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-tribe.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Creek tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-confederacy.htm The Indian Tribes of North America.]  


[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/a-migration-legend-of-the-creek-indians.htm A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians], by Albert Samuel Gatschet and Daniel Garrison Brinton. NY Kraus Reprint CO., 1969. {{FHL| 167879|item|disp=Book 970.3 C861g or fiche 6050043 }} (six fiche)  
[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/a-migration-legend-of-the-creek-indians.htm A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians], by Albert Samuel Gatschet and Daniel Garrison Brinton. NY Kraus Reprint CO., 1969. {{FSC| 167879|item|disp=Book 970.3 C861g or fiche 6050043 }} (six fiche)  


[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/notes-on-the-creek-indians.htm Notes on the Creek Indians], by J. N. B. Hewitt, edited by John R. Swanton. Anthropological Papers, No. 10. Bulletin 123, BAE. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1939.<br>
[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/notes-on-the-creek-indians.htm Notes on the Creek Indians], by J. N. B. Hewitt, edited by John R. Swanton. Anthropological Papers, No. 10. Bulletin 123, BAE. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1939.<br>  


A Sketch of the Creek County, in the Years 1798-1799, by&nbsp;Benjamin Hawkins. Spartanburg, SC. Reprint Co., 1974. {{FHL|86195|item|disp= FHL Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962258 }}  
A Sketch of the Creek County, in the Years 1798-1799, by Benjamin Hawkins. Spartanburg, SC. Reprint Co., 1974. {{FSC|86195|item|disp= FS Library Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962258 }}  


[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/early-history-of-the-creek-indians-and-their-neighbors.htm Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors], by John Reed Swanton. US Government Printing Office. 1902.<br>
[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/early-history-of-the-creek-indians-and-their-neighbors.htm Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors], by John Reed Swanton. US Government Printing Office. 1902.<br>
*Eggleston, George Cary. ''Red Eagle and the Wars with the Creek Indians.'' New York: Dodd, Mead and Company Publishers, 1878. Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/533302-red-eagle-and-the-wars-with-the-creek-indians-of-alabama?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library]
*Snider, Billie Ford. ''Full Name Indexes, Eastern Creek Indians East of the Mississippi.'' Pensacola, Florida: Antique Compiling, 1993. {{FSC|700946|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6126087; book 970.3 C861sb}} This source lists ancestors of the Eastern Creeks living in 1814 and descendants to about 1972. The final chapter contains a detailed history of the Creeks from the 1600s to 1973 and offers suggestions for Eastern Creek Indian ancestral research.
*Stiggins, George. ''Creek Indian History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians''. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Public Library Press, 1989. {{FSC|483336|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861s}} A bibliography is found on pages 166–70.
*Abbott, Thomas J. ''Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks).'' Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|571201|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861a}} This is indexed by name.
*Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|613309|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861pa}} This is indexed by name.


=== Reservations ===
== Records ==


=== Records  ===
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>


Creek Indians. University of West Florida. Special Collections Department. (Census, Genealogy, and Land Tenure) {{FHL|634414|item|desp=FHL film 1870506}}
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


Creek Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. 52 films {{FHL|544270|item|desp=FHL film 1666121}}
== Agencies  ==


==== Biographies ====
[[Creek Indian Agency (Georgia)|Creek Agency]] Georgia


The Southern Indians: a Biographical Guide to the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Creek Indians, 1700-1907 {{FHL|1222686|item|desp=FHL book 970.1 M366si}}
[[Creek Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Creek Agency]] Oklahoma


=== Census Records  ===
[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]]


Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks) by Benjamin S. Parsons {{FHL|308278|item|desp= FHL book 970.3 C913pa or film 830418}}
== Superintendencies  ==


Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks) by Thomas J. Abbott. {{FHL|571201|desp=FHL book 970.3 C861a }}
[[Western Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Western Superintency]]


1900 Creek Nation Census. by Carole Ellsworth and Sue Emler. {{FHL|622198|item|deps=FHL book 970.3 C861e or fiche 6101319}}
[[Southern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Southern Superintendency]]


Census of Creeks taken by parson and Abbott in 1832, is indexed by "Index to Creek reserrves" a listing originally prepared by Indian agents John J. Abert and James Bright to index land claims sselected by Creeks under the provision of the 1832 Treaty of Danacing Rabbit Creek. <br>
[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]


<br>  
<br>  


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
Creek Indians. University of West Florida. Special Collections Department. (Census, Genealogy, and Land Tenure) {{FSC|634414|item|desp=FS Library film 1870506}}
|-
 
! scope="col" | Tribe / Agency
Creek Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. 52 films {{FSC|544270|item|desp=FS Library film 1666121}}
! scope="col" |
 
Census
== Biographies  ==
 
The Southern Indians: a Biographical Guide to the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Creek Indians, 1700-1907 {{FSC|1222686|item|desp=FS Catalog book 970.1 M366si}}


Years
== Annuity Records  ==


! scope="col" |
1857 Payroll arranged by town then by family group. The payment was to individuals listed in the "Old Settlers Roll of 1857". Originally located at the National Archives in Fort Worth, Texas. <ref> The Journal of American Indian Family Research. Vol. 12 No. 1  1991. Editor Larry S. Watson. FS Library 970.1 J825j</ref>  FS Library 970.1 J825j Vol 12 No. 1 pages 47-58.
Post - 1885 Census


M595 RG 75 Rolls 693
== Census Records  ==


Roll Numbers
Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks) by Benjamin S. Parsons {{FSC|308278|item|desp= FS Library book 970.3 C913pa or film 830418}}


! scope="col" |
Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks) by Thomas J. Abbott. {{FSC|571201|desp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861a }}
FHL


Film
1900 Creek Nation Census. by Carole Ellsworth and Sue Emler. {{FSC|622198|item|deps=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861e or fiche 6101319}}


Number
Census of Creeks taken by parson and Abbott in 1832, is indexed by "Index to Creek reserves" a listing originally prepared by Indian agents John J. Abert and James Bright to index land claims selected by Creeks under the provision of the 1832 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. <br>


|-
<br>
| [[Crow Creek Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Crow Creek]]
| 1886-1892
| -
| FHL Film:575,779
|-
| Crow Creek
| 1883-1905
| -
| FHL Film:575,780
|-
| Crow Creek
| 1906-1920
| -
| FHL Film:575,781
|-
| Crow Creek
| 1921-1929
| -
| FHL Film:575,782
|-
| Crow Creek
| 1930-1933
| -
| FHL Film:575,783
|-
| Crow Creek
| 1934-1942
| -
| FHL Film:575,784
|}


==== Correspondence Records  ====
== Correspondence Records  ==


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
FHL
FS Library


Film Number  
Film Number  
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|}
|}


<br>
== Enrollment Records  ==
 
==== Enrollment Records  ====


*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]]  
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]]  
*John B. Campbell’s provides an [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/campbells-abstract-of-creek-indian-census-cards.htm abstract of Creek Indian Census Cards] in his 1915 manuscript. This index has proven invaluable over time by providing a quick method to research family relationships within the Creek tribal rolls. <br>
*John B. Campbell’s provides an [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/campbells-abstract-of-creek-indian-census-cards.htm abstract of Creek Indian Census Cards] in his 1915 manuscript. This index has proven invaluable over time by providing a quick method to research family relationships within the Creek tribal rolls. <br>  
*[http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~texlance/genealogy/cases/index.htm Creek Enrollment Cases Index 1899-1907+] This database indexes the Creek Indian and Creek Freedman enrollment cases on microfilm M1301, rolls 402-414, that deal with persons applying for Creek Indian and Creek Freedman citizenship and Dawes enrollment. These are not the general Creek Dawes applications which are unfortunately lost and assume destroyed long ago.


==== History ====
==History==


Duke Indian Oral History Collection and Index. Duke University {{FHL|654561|item|desp=FHL film 1486555}}  
Duke Indian Oral History Collection and Index. Duke University {{FSC|654561|item|desp=FS Library film 1486555}}  


=== Military ===
==Military==


*Some Creek Indians are listed as serving in the Second Creek War (1836) in the [[Indian Wars Compiled Service Records Index, 1815-1858|Indian Wars Compiled Service Records Index, 1815-1858]]. This index includes the soldier’s name, rank, and unit along with the name of the war or disturbance.
*Some Creek Indians are listed as serving in the Second Creek War (1836) in the [[Indian Wars Compiled Service Records Index, 1815-1858|Indian Wars Compiled Service Records Index, 1815-1858]]. This index includes the soldier’s name, rank, and unit along with the name of the war or disturbance.


*Creek Soldier Casualty Lists, Seminole War, 1836. By Larry S. Watson {{FHL|582019|item|desp=FHL book 970.3 C861wLs}}
* Creek Soldier Casualty Lists, Seminole War, 1836. By Larry S. Watson {{FSC|582019|item|desp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861wLs}}


*Muster Lists of the Creek and Other Confederate Indians. by Sherman Lee Pompey {{FHL|86410|item|desp=FHL book 970.1 P772m or film 1750788 item 27}}
*Muster Lists of the Creek and Other Confederate Indians. by Sherman Lee Pompey {{FSC|86410|item|desp=FS Catalog book 970.1 P772m or film 1750788 item 27}}


=== Removal ===
==Removal ==


The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.  
The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.  
Line 216: Line 212:
Before the trek began the Tribe was gathered into groups and supervised by the military in temporary forts (concentration camps) in Georgia.  
Before the trek began the Tribe was gathered into groups and supervised by the military in temporary forts (concentration camps) in Georgia.  


Names and Claims of Creek Indians who moved at their own expense, 1830-1840. "Stidham Roll". by Larry S. Watson. {{FHL|62169|item|desp=FHL book 970.3 C861ws}}  
Names and Claims of Creek Indians who moved at their own expense, 1830-1840. "Stidham Roll". by Larry S. Watson. {{FSC|62169|item|desp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861ws}}  


{| width="249" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center"
{| width="249" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | Nation  
! scope="col" |Nation
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
Removal  
Removal  


Treaty  
Treaty  


! scope="col" | Years of Emigration  
! scope="col" |Years of Emigration
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
Population  
Population  
Line 232: Line 228:
Before Removal  
Before Removal  


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
Number  
Number  


Emigrated  
Emigrated  


! scope="col" | Deaths  
! scope="col" |Deaths
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
Number  
Number  


stayed in Southeast  
stayed in Southeast  


! scope="col" | Information of Interest
! scope="col" |Information of Interest
|-
|-
|  
|
'''Creek'''  
'''Creek'''  


Line 258: Line 254:
Tuskineah  
Tuskineah  


|  
|
[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm Treat of Cusseta] March 24,1832  
[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm Treat of Cusseta] March 24,1832  


Line 275: Line 271:
Lt. T.P. Sloan  
Lt. T.P. Sloan  


| 1834-1837  
|1834-1837
| 22,700 +900 Black Slaves  
|22,700 +900 Black Slaves
| 19,600  
|19,600
| 3,500 (disease after removal)  
|3,500 (disease after removal)
| 100s  
|100s
|  
|
Alabama Emigrating Co.  
Alabama Emigrating Co.  


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Removal was supervised by the United States Army, the Creeks were divided into groups to be removed. '''Dates of removal by groups:'''  
Removal was supervised by the United States Army, the Creeks were divided into groups to be removed. '''Dates of removal by groups:'''  


*1827 seven hundred and three Creeks and eighty six Slaves with Chief William McIntosh left and traveled by Keel boats, the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers to Fort Gibson  
*1827 seven hundred and three Creeks and eighty six Slaves with Chief William McIntosh left and traveled by Keel boats, the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers to Fort Gibson
*1828: 400  
*1828: 400
*June 1829: 1,200 steam boat Virginia ran aground on the Arkansas River  
*June 1829: 1,200 steam boat Virginia ran aground on the Arkansas River
*Dec 1834 six hundred thirty- under Captain John Page, four hundred sixty nine arrived 28 Mar 1835, two men in the group: Sampson Grayon with 34 Slaves and Widow Stidham with 23 Slaves.  
*Dec 1834 six hundred thirty- under [http://ualr.edu/sequoyah/index.php/captain-john-page/ Captain John Page], four hundred sixty nine arrived 28 Mar 1835, two men in the group: Sampson Grayon with 34 Slaves and Widow Stidham with 23 Slaves.
*10 July 1836: nine hundred of the Encah Emalhea Band - shipped in chains  
*10 July 1836: nine hundred of the Encah Emathla Band - shipped in chains
*1 Aug 1836 left Alabama, 2,700 leader Opthleyaholo
*1 Aug 1836 left Alabama, 2,700 leader [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opothleyahola Opthleyahola]
*5 September 1836 1,984 Lt. J.T. Sprague (known as 5th group of Friendly Creek)  
*5 September 1836 1,984 [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/emigrants/ Lt. J.T. Sprague] (known as 5th group of Friendly Creek)
*1836: 2,700 arrived at Ft Gibson - (1st group Friendly Creek)  
*1836: 2,700 arrived at Ft Gibson - (1st group Friendly Creek)
*18 &amp; 22 Dec 1836; (2nd group Friendly Creek)  
* 18 &amp; 22 Dec 1836; (2nd group Friendly Creek)
*March 1837: 4,000 Lt. Edward Deas, arrived 2 Jun 1837 at Little rock Arkansas. with 500. 3,500 still at Mobile Point  
*March 1837: 4,000 [http://ualr.edu/sequoyah/index.php/lt-edward-deas-to-ca-harris-june-13-1838/ Lt. Edward Deas], arrived 2 Jun 1837 at Little Rock, Arkansas. with 500. 3,500 still at Mobile Point
*29 Oct 1837 1,600 Lt. T.P. Sloan three steamboats: ''Monmoth'' 611- 311 drowned when it struck the steamboat ''Trenton''
*29 Oct 1837 1,600 Lt. T.P. Sloan three steamboats: ''Monmoth'' 611- 311 drowned when it struck the steamboat ''Trenton''


=== Trade ===
==Trade==


Superintendent of Indian Trade. Letter Book of the Creek Trading House, 1785-1816. {{FHL|88843|item|disp= FHL Film: 1024433 }}  
Superintendent of Indian Trade. Letter Book of the Creek Trading House, 1785-1816. {{FSC|88843|item|disp= FS Library Film: 1024433 }}  


Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Trade, Creek Factory Records, 1795-1821. 13 microfilm. {{FHL|362382|item|desp=FHL film 1650523}}  
Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Trade, Creek Factory Records, 1795-1821. 13 microfilm. {{FSC|362382|item|desp=FS Library film 1650523}}  


=== '''Treaties'''  ===
==Treaties==


The year link,the date of the treaty will connect to an online copy of the Treaty.  
The year link, the date of the treaty will connect to an online copy of the Treaty.  


*1785:  
*1739: August 21, at Savannah
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0025.htm 1790] August 7, at New York  
*1773: May 1, at Augusta
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0046.htm 1796] June 29, at Colerain  
* 1783: November 1, at Augusta
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0058.htm 1802] June 16, at Fort Wilkinson  
*1785:
*October 27, 1805,  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0025.htm 1790] August 7, at New York
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0085.htm 1805] November 14, at Washington  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0046.htm 1796] June 29, at Colerain
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0107.htm 1814] August 9,  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0058.htm 1802] June 16, at Fort Wilkinson
*March 22, 1816, - Cherokee  
*1805  October 27,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0155.htm 1818] October 19, with the Chickasaw, Flint River  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0085.htm 1805] November 14, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0195.htm 1821] January 8, at Indian Spring
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0107.htm 1814] August 9, at Fort Jackson
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0197.htm 1821]  
*1816  March 22, Cherokee
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0214.htm 1824] February 12, at Indian Spring
*1818  January 22 at Fort Mitchell
*1825: Population estimated at 20,000 for Creek Indians in Georgia and Alabama, reported by T.C. McKenny - of the Indian Office  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0155.htm 1818] October 19, with the Chickasaw, Flint River
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0214.htm 1825] June 29, at Broken Arrow - unratified  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0195.htm 1821] January 8, at Indian Springs
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0264.htm 1826] January 24,at Washington  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0197.htm 1821]
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0284.htm 1827] November 15, at Creek Agency  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0214.htm 1825] February 12, at Indian Springs
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm 1832] March 24,at Washington  
* 1825: Population estimated at 20,000 for Creek Indians in Georgia and Alabama, reported by T.C. McKenny - of the Indian Office
*May 9, 1832, Seminole  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0214.htm 1825] June 29, at Broken Arrow - unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0388.htm 1833] February 14, at Fort Gibson  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0264.htm 1826] January 24,at Washington
*March 28, 1833
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0284.htm 1827] November 15, at Creek Agency
*June 18, 1833, Appalachicola Band  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0341.htm 1832] March 24,at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/com0435.htm 1835]August 24, at Camp Holmes, with the Comanche  
*1832 May 9, Seminole
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0524.htm 1838] November 23, at Fort Gibson  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0388.htm 1833] February 14, at Fort Gibson
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0550.htm 1845] January 4,with the Seminole  
*1833: March 28,
*April 1, 1850 - Wyandot  
*1833: June 18, Appalachicola Band
*1853: Population estimated at 25,000 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs at the request of the Department of Census  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/com0435.htm 1835]August 24, at Camp Holmes, with the Comanche
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0647.htm 1854] June 13,  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0524.htm 1838] November 23, at Fort Gibson
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0756.htm 1856] August 7, at Washington  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0550.htm 1845] January 4,with the Seminole
*September 13, 1865, at Fort Smith - unratified  
*1850: April 1, Wyandot
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0931.htm 1866] June 14, at Washington  
*1853: Population estimated at 25,000 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs at the request of the Department of Census
*1867: Population estimated at 14,396 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0647.htm 1854] June 13,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0756.htm 1856] August 7, at Washington
*1865, September 13, at Fort Smith - unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/cre0931.htm 1866] June 14, at Washington
*1867: Population estimated at 14,396 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs
*1910: Population as reported from census 6,945
*1910: Population as reported from census 6,945
<br>
*[https://www.nps.gov/ocmu/learn/historyculture/upload/Accessible-Creek-Land-Cessions.pdf Creek Indian Land Cessions Site Bulletin]


=== Vital Records ===
==Vital Records==
 
*[[Crow Creek Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Crow Creek Agency]], M595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|Film: 575,783}}


=== Indian Pioneer Papers  ===
*[[Crow Creek Indian Agency (South Dakota)|Crow Creek Agency]], M595, births and deaths 1924-1932, FS Library|Film: 575,783


In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."<ref>Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [http://www.okgenweb.org/pioneer/ OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Creek, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Some of the surnames from the Creek tribe found in the collection are: Barnett, Beam (Stevens), Berryhill, Bond, Breeding, Canard, Coker, Fisher (Postoak), Jobe, Postoak, Sells (Jobe). Family History Library microfiche number: 6,016,865(first microfiche number)<br>
==Indian Pioneer Papers==


=== Important Web Sites  ===
In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."<ref>Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [http://www.okgenweb.org/pioneer/ OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Creek, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Some of the surnames from the Creek tribe found in the collection are: Barnett, Beam (Stevens), Berryhill, Bond, Breeding, Canard, Coker, Fisher (Postoak), Jobe, Postoak, Sells (Jobe). FS Library microfiche number: 6,016,865(first microfiche number)<br>


*Muscogee (Creek) Indians [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_(Creek) Wikipedia]
==Websites==
*Creek Native Americans [http://creeknativeamericans.blogspot.com http://creeknativeamericans.blogspot.com]
*Native American Research [http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com]
*Indian Research [http://researchindians.blogspot.com http://researchindians.blogspot.com]


Access Genealogy [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-indian-research.htm http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-indian-research.htm]  
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_(Creek) Muscogee (Creek) Indians] - Wikipedia
*[http://creeknativeamericans.blogspot.com Creek Native Americans]
*[http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com Native American Research]
*[http://researchindians.blogspot.com Indian Research]
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/creek-indian-research.htm Access Genealogy]


=== Family History Library ===
==FamilySearch Library ==


The Family History Library catalog has over 500 titles of interest to the [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Creek+Indians&prekeyword=Creek+Indians Creek Indians]  
The FamilySearch Catalog has over 500 titles of interest to the [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Creek+Indians&prekeyword=Creek+Indians Creek Indians]  


=== References  ===
==For Further Reading==


{{reflist}}  
*Anne E. Gometz, [http://www.rhus.com/Creeks.html A Creek Indian Bibliography] in ''Anne Gometz's Requisite Homepage'' (accessed 14 January 2014).
*Lennon, Rachal Mills. ''Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. {{FSC|1038175|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 L548t}}.


Hawkins, Benjamin. A Sketch of the Creek Country, in the years 1798 and 1799, and letters of Benjamin Hawkins, Spartanburg,SC., Reprint Co., 1974. {{FHL|86195|item|disp=FHL Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962,258}}
For background information to help find American Indian ancestors see [[American Indian For Further Reading|'''For Further Reading''']].  


<references />
==References ==


=== Bibliography  ===
<references />


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
{{reflist}}  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook-of-american-indians-north-of-mexico.htm Available online].
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}.
*Lennon, Rachal Mills. ''Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. {{FHL|1038175|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 L548t}}.
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 G131g}}.
 
:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
 
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 Vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .


:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
Hawkins, Benjamin. A Sketch of the Creek Country, in the years 1798 and 1799, and letters of Benjamin Hawkins, Spartanburg,SC., Reprint Co., 1974. {{FSC|86195|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962,258}}  
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
:Volume 20 -- Not yet published


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/the-indian-tribes-of-north-america.htm Available online].
{{Native American nav}}  
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.


[[Category:Alabama_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Georgia_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Florida_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Mississippi_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Louisiana_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Tennessee_Indian_Tribes]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Alabama]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Georgia (state)]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Florida]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Mississippi]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Louisiana]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Tennessee]]

Latest revision as of 14:30, 18 April 2024

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Beginning Research
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Guide to Muscogee (Creek) Nation ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.


The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg

Introduction

Creek Indians were also known as Muskogee Creek.

The Creek Indians are one of the Five Civilized Tribes: Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole

Cultural area is the Southeast United States.

Linguistic group: Muskogean

Federal Status: Recognized

Clans: Wind, Bird, Alligator, and Bear

Original homeland: along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee

Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so they had to marry someone from a different clan than his or her own.

The Creek Nation is comprised of six political districts: 1. Coweta, 2. Deep Fork, 3. Eufaula, 4. Muscogee, 5. Okmulgee, 6. Wewoka; these districts function like counties.

Creek Confederacy included : Hitichita, Koasti and Yuchia.

Band others associated with the Creek: Natchea, Tuskegee,

Tribal Headquarters

Muscogee Creek Nation of Oklahoma
Hwy 75 & Loop 56 / P. O. Box 580
Okmulgee, Oklahoma 74447
Phone: 800-482-1979 or 918-732-7600
Website

History

Their ancestral homeland was in Alabama and Georgia.

Brief Timeline

  • 1540: First contact Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto
  • 1703-08: Creeks were allies of the English in the Apalachee Wars.
  • August 21, 1739: Treaty of Savannah
  • May 1, 1773: Treaty of Augusta
  • 1775: Supported the British in the American Revolutionary War
  • November 1, 1783: Treaty of Augusta
  • November 25, 1785: Treaty at Hopewell, South Carolina
  • 1813-1814: Creek Wars, General Andrew Jackson, in command of some of the forces
  • 1796-1816: Benjamin Hawkins, was the federal agent to the Creeks
  • August 7, 1790: Treaty of New York
  • June 29, 1796: Treaty of Colerain
  • June 16, 1802: Treaty of Fort Wilkinson
  • 1805-1833: The state of Georgia holds eight lotteries to distribute land seized from the Creeks and Cherokees.
  • November 14, 1805: Treaty of Washington
  • August 9, 1814: Treaty of Fort Jackson
  • 1816: After the death of Benjamin Hawkins, President James Madison appointed David B. Mitchell, a former governor of Georgia. He undermined the Creeks' sovereignty and initiated acts to take all of their lands in Georgia.
  • January 22, 1818: Creek agency on Flint river; Treaty of Fort Mitchell
  • January 8, 1821 / February 12, 1825: Treaty of Indian Springs negotiated by Creek leader William McIntosh. He was later (1825) executed by the Creek Nation for the deed.
  • January 24, 1826: Washington D.C.; Creeks would sell their land. Ratified April 22, 1826, Treaty of Washington
  • November 15, 1827: Treaty of Indian Agency
  • March 24, 1832: Treaty that the United States would remove intruders, Treaty of Washington
  • 1836-1837: removed from Georgia and Alabama to eastern Oklahoma. Some were taken by a southern route to New Orleans and then by steamboats (Monmouth) up the Mississippi River to Arkansas. The Monmouth collided with the Trenton more than 300 Creeks drowned. During removal 3,500 died of the 15,000.
  • November 23, 1838: Ft. Gibson
  • Creek Nation formed into six districts: Coweta District, Deep Fork District, Eufaula District, Muskogee District, Okmulgee District, and Wewoka District.
  • 1842: Koweta Mission a Presbyterian institution School was established and founded by Robert M. Loughridge at Coweta. Later became Koweta Manual Labor School for boys and girls.
  • 1842: Asbury Mission (Methodist) was opened near North Fork Town.
  • 1850: Tallahassee Mission School ( Presbyterian) William S. Robertson, the principal of the Tallahassee Mission school imported a printing press and wrote the Creek First Reader, which helped Creek and Seminole children learn to read and write their own language.
  • 1860: Not more than two hundred Seminoles were left in Florida. Most of these were Mikasuki people, a small minority Creek. The Mikasukis retreated into the fastness of the Everglades of Lake Okeechobee.
  • 1861-1865: United States Civil War the tribe was split; some allying with the Union others with the Confederate Army
  • 1867: Tribe adopted a new constitution
  • 1887: Dawes Act
  • 1907: Oklahoma became the 46th State.
  • Creek Nation divided into eight counties: Creek, Hughes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Okfuskee, Okmaulgee, Tulsa and Wagoner
  • 1953: U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Indian tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all Indian-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. American Indians could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many Indians relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native American migrated to the cities between 1950-1980.
  • 1968: Indian Civil Rights Act restored the right to hold popular elections.

Additional References

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Creek tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.

A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, by Albert Samuel Gatschet and Daniel Garrison Brinton. NY Kraus Reprint CO., 1969. Book 970.3 C861g or fiche 6050043 (six fiche)

Notes on the Creek Indians, by J. N. B. Hewitt, edited by John R. Swanton. Anthropological Papers, No. 10. Bulletin 123, BAE. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1939.

A Sketch of the Creek County, in the Years 1798-1799, by Benjamin Hawkins. Spartanburg, SC. Reprint Co., 1974. FS Library Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962258

Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors, by John Reed Swanton. US Government Printing Office. 1902.

  • Eggleston, George Cary. Red Eagle and the Wars with the Creek Indians. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company Publishers, 1878. Digital version at FamilySearch Digital Library
  • Snider, Billie Ford. Full Name Indexes, Eastern Creek Indians East of the Mississippi. Pensacola, Florida: Antique Compiling, 1993. FS Library fiche 6126087; book 970.3 C861sb This source lists ancestors of the Eastern Creeks living in 1814 and descendants to about 1972. The final chapter contains a detailed history of the Creeks from the 1600s to 1973 and offers suggestions for Eastern Creek Indian ancestral research.
  • Stiggins, George. Creek Indian History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Public Library Press, 1989. FS Catalog book 970.3 C861s A bibliography is found on pages 166–70.
  • Abbott, Thomas J. Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. FS Catalog book 970.3 C861a This is indexed by name.
  • Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. FS Catalog book 970.3 C861pa This is indexed by name.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Agencies

Creek Agency Georgia

Creek Agency Oklahoma

Union Agency

Superintendencies

Western Superintency

Southern Superintendency

Central Superintendency


Creek Indians. University of West Florida. Special Collections Department. (Census, Genealogy, and Land Tenure) FS Library Collection

Creek Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. 52 films FS Library Collection

Biographies

The Southern Indians: a Biographical Guide to the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Creek Indians, 1700-1907 FS Library Collection

Annuity Records

1857 Payroll arranged by town then by family group. The payment was to individuals listed in the "Old Settlers Roll of 1857". Originally located at the National Archives in Fort Worth, Texas. [1] FS Library 970.1 J825j Vol 12 No. 1 pages 47-58.

Census Records

Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks) by Benjamin S. Parsons FS Library Collection

Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks) by Thomas J. Abbott. FS Library 571201

1900 Creek Nation Census. by Carole Ellsworth and Sue Emler. FS Library Collection

Census of Creeks taken by parson and Abbott in 1832, is indexed by "Index to Creek reserves" a listing originally prepared by Indian agents John J. Abert and James Bright to index land claims selected by Creeks under the provision of the 1832 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.


Correspondence Records

Agency location of Original Records

Pre-1880

Correspondence M234 RG 75 Rolls 962

Roll Number

FS Library

Film Number

Creek Agency, 1824-1866 Washington D.C. - 1,660,949 - 978
Union Agency, 1875-1914 Washington D.C. and Fort Worth Rolls 865-77 1,661,595 - 607
Eufaula Boarding School, 1925-52 Fort Worth - -
Muskogee Area Office, 1890-1960 Fort Worth - -

Enrollment Records

  • Dawes Commission Enrollment Records
  • John B. Campbell’s provides an abstract of Creek Indian Census Cards in his 1915 manuscript. This index has proven invaluable over time by providing a quick method to research family relationships within the Creek tribal rolls.
  • Creek Enrollment Cases Index 1899-1907+ This database indexes the Creek Indian and Creek Freedman enrollment cases on microfilm M1301, rolls 402-414, that deal with persons applying for Creek Indian and Creek Freedman citizenship and Dawes enrollment. These are not the general Creek Dawes applications which are unfortunately lost and assume destroyed long ago.

History

Duke Indian Oral History Collection and Index. Duke University FS Library Collection

Military

Removal

The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.

The Creeks were the second tribe of the Five Civilized Tribes to be removed.

Before the trek began the Tribe was gathered into groups and supervised by the military in temporary forts (concentration camps) in Georgia.

Names and Claims of Creek Indians who moved at their own expense, 1830-1840. "Stidham Roll". by Larry S. Watson. FS Library Collection

Nation

Removal

Treaty

Years of Emigration

Population

Before Removal

Number

Emigrated

Deaths

Number

stayed in Southeast

Information of Interest

Creek

Chiefs:

Wm. McIntosh

Opthleyaholo

Tukabahchee

Tuskineah

Treat of Cusseta March 24,1832

Government Leaders:

Captain John Page

Lt. J. T. Sprague

Lt. Edward Deas

Benj. Marshall

Lt. R. B. Screven

Lt. T.P. Sloan

1834-1837 22,700 +900 Black Slaves 19,600 3,500 (disease after removal) 100s

Alabama Emigrating Co.

Jim Boy (Tustennuggee Emathla) regiment of Creek warriors helped US military in Seminole war


1,000 miles


Removal was supervised by the United States Army, the Creeks were divided into groups to be removed. Dates of removal by groups:

  • 1827 seven hundred and three Creeks and eighty six Slaves with Chief William McIntosh left and traveled by Keel boats, the Tennessee, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers to Fort Gibson
  • 1828: 400
  • June 1829: 1,200 steam boat Virginia ran aground on the Arkansas River
  • Dec 1834 six hundred thirty- under Captain John Page, four hundred sixty nine arrived 28 Mar 1835, two men in the group: Sampson Grayon with 34 Slaves and Widow Stidham with 23 Slaves.
  • 10 July 1836: nine hundred of the Encah Emathla Band - shipped in chains
  • 1 Aug 1836 left Alabama, 2,700 leader Opthleyahola
  • 5 September 1836 1,984 Lt. J.T. Sprague (known as 5th group of Friendly Creek)
  • 1836: 2,700 arrived at Ft Gibson - (1st group Friendly Creek)
  • 18 & 22 Dec 1836; (2nd group Friendly Creek)
  • March 1837: 4,000 Lt. Edward Deas, arrived 2 Jun 1837 at Little Rock, Arkansas. with 500. 3,500 still at Mobile Point
  • 29 Oct 1837 1,600 Lt. T.P. Sloan three steamboats: Monmoth 611- 311 drowned when it struck the steamboat Trenton

Trade

Superintendent of Indian Trade. Letter Book of the Creek Trading House, 1785-1816. FS Library Film: 1024433

Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Trade, Creek Factory Records, 1795-1821. 13 microfilm. FS Library Collection

Treaties

The year link, the date of the treaty will connect to an online copy of the Treaty.

  • 1739: August 21, at Savannah
  • 1773: May 1, at Augusta
  • 1783: November 1, at Augusta
  • 1785:
  • 1790 August 7, at New York
  • 1796 June 29, at Colerain
  • 1802 June 16, at Fort Wilkinson
  • 1805 October 27,
  • 1805 November 14, at Washington
  • 1814 August 9, at Fort Jackson
  • 1816 March 22, Cherokee
  • 1818 January 22 at Fort Mitchell
  • 1818 October 19, with the Chickasaw, Flint River
  • 1821 January 8, at Indian Springs
  • 1821
  • 1825 February 12, at Indian Springs
  • 1825: Population estimated at 20,000 for Creek Indians in Georgia and Alabama, reported by T.C. McKenny - of the Indian Office
  • 1825 June 29, at Broken Arrow - unratified
  • 1826 January 24,at Washington
  • 1827 November 15, at Creek Agency
  • 1832 March 24,at Washington
  • 1832 May 9, Seminole
  • 1833 February 14, at Fort Gibson
  • 1833: March 28,
  • 1833: June 18, Appalachicola Band
  • 1835August 24, at Camp Holmes, with the Comanche
  • 1838 November 23, at Fort Gibson
  • 1845 January 4,with the Seminole
  • 1850: April 1, Wyandot
  • 1853: Population estimated at 25,000 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs at the request of the Department of Census
  • 1854 June 13,
  • 1856 August 7, at Washington
  • 1865, September 13, at Fort Smith - unratified
  • 1866 June 14, at Washington
  • 1867: Population estimated at 14,396 by Commissioner of Indian Affairs
  • 1910: Population as reported from census 6,945


Vital Records

Indian Pioneer Papers

In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."[2] The University of Oklahoma Western History Collection has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. [3] An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy. A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Creek, may be viewed at: “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers” Some of the surnames from the Creek tribe found in the collection are: Barnett, Beam (Stevens), Berryhill, Bond, Breeding, Canard, Coker, Fisher (Postoak), Jobe, Postoak, Sells (Jobe). FS Library microfiche number: 6,016,865(first microfiche number)

Websites

FamilySearch Library

The FamilySearch Catalog has over 500 titles of interest to the Creek Indians

For Further Reading

  • Anne E. Gometz, A Creek Indian Bibliography in Anne Gometz's Requisite Homepage (accessed 14 January 2014).
  • Lennon, Rachal Mills. Tracing Ancestors Among the Five Civilized Tribes; Southeastern Indians Prior to Removal. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2002. FS Library Book 970.1 L548t.

For background information to help find American Indian ancestors see For Further Reading.

References

  1. ↑ The Journal of American Indian Family Research. Vol. 12 No. 1 1991. Editor Larry S. Watson. FS Library 970.1 J825j
  2. ↑ Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.
  3. ↑ The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/


Hawkins, Benjamin. A Sketch of the Creek Country, in the years 1798 and 1799, and letters of Benjamin Hawkins, Spartanburg,SC., Reprint Co., 1974. FS Library Book 970.3 C861h or Film 962,258

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