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New York Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] [[United States Emigration and Immigration|U.S. Emigration &amp; Immigration]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] [[New York]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] [[New_York_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration &amp; Immigration]]'' <br> {{Infobox
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| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[United States Emigration and Immigration|U.S. Emigration and Immigration]]
| link3=[[New York, United States Genealogy|New York]]
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| link5=[[New York Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]
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|<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>
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|{{Infobox
| image = [[Image:Immigrants Behold the Statue of Liberty.jpg|300px]]
| image = [[Image:Immigrants Behold the Statue of Liberty.jpg|300px]]
| caption = <center>Arriving immigrants behold the {{wpd|Statue of Liberty}}.</center>
| caption = <center>Arriving immigrants behold the {{wpd|Statue of Liberty}}.</center>
| below = <br>.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;Give me your tired, your poor, <br>
| below = <br>Give me your tired, your poor, <br>
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, <br>
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, <br>
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <br>
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. <br>
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, <br>&nbsp;
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, <br>
I lift my lamp beside the golden door! <ref>Emma Lazarus, excerpt from {{wpd|The New Colossus}} in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 21 March 2012).</ref> <br>
I lift my lamp beside the golden door! <ref>Emma Lazarus, excerpt from {{wpd|The New Colossus}} in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' (accessed 21 March 2012).</ref> <br>
<center>{{wpd|Emma Lazarus}}, 1883</center>  
<center>{{wpd|Emma Lazarus}}, 1883</center>  
}} __TOC__
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The [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] Wiki article provides several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in New York. The [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's original hometown.
 
=== Immigration Records  ===
 
New York City was the major port of entry for immigrants coming to the United States.
 
'''Colonial Lists'''. Passenger lists for some colonial immigrants exist. The New York State Archives has microfilmed the New York customs house records dating from about 1730, but these do not name passengers. Many early immigrants are named in:
 
*Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–1996. Available at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($); (Family History Library book Ref {{FHL|291926|title-id|disp=973 W32p}}.) Most comprehensive index available of published passenger lists from 1607 to about 1900. Supplemental volumes have been issued annually. Some of the volumes are on microfilm.
 
A comprehensive list of about 140,000 immigrants to America from Britain is:
 
*Coldham, Peter Wilson. ''{{FHL|773852|title-id|disp=The Complete Book of Emigrants}}, 1607–1776 and Emigrants in Bondage, 1614–1775''. [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1996. Available at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49038 Ancestry] ($). Includes New York immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract.
 
'''Federal Immigration Lists'''. Few pre-1820 passenger lists exist. The National Archives does have some unmicrofilmed manifests and baggage lists for 1798–1819 that mention passengers' names.
 
Ellis Island opened as an immigration station in 1892. Before that period, Castle Garden served the same purpose. Immigration to the United States peaked during the first decade of the twentieth century. An estimated 12 million immigrants were processed at Ellis Island. The National Archives and the Family History Library have microfilm copies of New York immigration lists as well as lists for other ports. Ellis Island records are available online at: http://www.ellisisland.org/ and the earlier Castle Garden records are at: [http://castlegarden.org/ http://castlegarden.org/], although they are not yet complete.&nbsp; It's a work in progress.
 
<br> '''New York City Passenger Lists.''' For customs arrival lists and indexes see:
 
'''Passenger lists''' '''(1820–1942).''' These contain the names, ages, and countries of origin. After 1897 they usually give the last residence and final destination in the United States. The National Archives—Northeast has the lists through March 14, 1909. The [[New York Public Library]] has them on microfilm through at least 1906. The Family History Library has the lists from:
 
*1820–1897
*1897–1942
 
'''Indexes''' '''(1820–46, 1897–1902, 1902–43, 1943–48).''' The [[Family History Library]] and the [[New York Public Library]] have the indexes through 1943, and the National Archives—Northeast has them through 1948:
 
*1820–1846
*1897–1902
*1902–1943
 
'''Book indexes by vessel line''' '''(1906–1926).''' These indexes to passengers are arranged annually by the name of the shipping line and date of arrival. They are available on microfilm at the Family History Library and the National Archives—Northeast Region:
 
*1906–1926
 
Passenger lists at the Family History Library are listed in the Family History Library Catalog Place Search under NEW YORK, NEW YORK (CITY) - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION. If your ancestor arrived in New York between 1890 and 1930 and you know the name of the vessel, you may be able to determine the date of arrival by checking ''Morton Allen Directory of European Passenger Steamship Arrivals''. (1931; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1980; Family History Library book {{FHL|139764|title-id|disp=973 U3m}} 1980; fiche {{FHL|117231|title-id|disp=6046854}}). For earlier years, see the ''United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789–1919'' (Family History Library films {{FHL|115379|title-id|disp=1415143–69}}). The registers of both passenger and commercial vessels have both alphabetical and chronological lists of ships. These registers do not list passenger names.
 
'''Published Lists.''' Published passenger lists include:
 
*Glazier, Ira A., and Michael H. Tepper, editors. ''The Famine Immigrants: Lists of Irish Immigrants Arriving at the Port of New York, 1846–1851''. Seven Volumes. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1983–86. (Family History Library book Ref {{FHL|8402|title-id|disp=974.71 W3f}}.) The years 1852 through 1896 will be published later. Includes name, age, sex, occupation, arrival date, arrival port, ship, and departure date. Each volume is indexed.
*Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, editors. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports''. 50 Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Incorporated, 1988–91. (Family History Library book Ref {{FHL|1029014|title-id|disp=973 W2ger}}.) This series indexes arrivals from 1850–1887. It will continue through the year 1896. Each volume is indexed. May include name, age, sex, occupation, village and province of origin, departure port, arrival port, and arrival date.
*Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, editors. ''Italians to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1880–1899''. Five Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Incorporated, 1992. (Family History Library book {{FHL|526331|title-id|disp=973 W2it}}.) This series will index passenger arrivals from 1880–1899. Currently the series has lists up to December 1891.
*Glazier, Ira A., editor. ''Migration from the Russian Empire: Lists of Passengers Arriving at the Port of New York''. Two volumes. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1995. (Family History Library book {{FHL|745670|title-id|disp=973 W3r}} 1995.) This series will index passenger arrivals from 1875–1910. Currently the series has lists from 1875 to April 1886. Includes Finns, Germans, Poles, Russians, and others who lived in Russian territories.
*Voultsos, Mary. ''Greek Immigrant Passengers, 1885–1910: A Guide and Index to Researching Early Greek Immigrants''. Three Volumes. Worcester, Massachusetts: the author, 1992. (Family History Library book {{FHL|572781|title-id|disp=973 W2vm}}.) Contains indexes and lists for Boston 1900–1910 and New York 1885–1910.
 
'''Other Ports of Entry'''. To find passenger lists for other ports, see United States, Bureau of Customs, Copies of Lists of Passengers Arriving at Miscellaneous Ports on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and at Ports on the Great Lakes, 1820—73, under UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION in the Family History Library Catalog Place Search (on 16 Family History Library films). Other ports include Oswegatchie (1821–23), Sag Harbor (1829–34), and Rochester (1866). For indexes to these lists, see United States, Bureau of Customs, ''Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports'' (Excluding New York [City]), 1820–1874, under:


UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION - INDEXES (on 188 Family History Library films beginning with film {{FHL|67478|title-id|disp=418161}}).  
==How to Find the Records==
[[Image:Ellis island 1902.jpg|thumb|right|Ellis island 1902.jpg]] A large number of immigrants coming to the United States landed in New York. There were three different ports in New York City from 1855 to 1954, where passengers landed: '''Castle Garden, the Barge Office, and Ellis Island'''.  Regardless of whether your ancestor arrived in New York City during the Castle Garden, Barge Office, or Ellis Island period, you can search the same ship manifests.
===Online Resources===
====New York Passenger Lists====
*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_New+York-USA&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York
*'''1675-1920''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7831 New York, Genealogical Records, 1675-1920] at Ancestry - index only ($)
*'''1710''' Palatinate ship lists in New York, 1710 [https://web.archive.org/web/20121228190903/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710first.htm List 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121228193228/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710second.htm List 2], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121228190103/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710third.htm List 3], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121230031009/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710fourth.htm List 4], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121227225329/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710fifth.htm List 5], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121227234921/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710sixth.htm List 6], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121228005708/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710seventh.htm List 7], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120421043214/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710eighth.htm List 8], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120218173200/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710tenth.htm List 10], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120218174144/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710eleventh.htm List 11] at ProGenealogists - index (all archived on Wayback Machine)
*'''1740''' [http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/palship33.shtml Palatinates imported in the ship Lydia from Rotterdam 27 Sep 1740] at Olive Tree Genealogy - index
*'''1820-1846''' {{RecordSearch|1919703|New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists, 1820-1846}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index
*'''1820-1846''' {{RecordSearch|1919703|New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists, 1820-1846}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1820-1850''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7485 New York, Passenger and Immigration Lists, 1820-1850] at Ancestry - index only ($)
*'''1820-1891''' {{RecordSearch|1849782|New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1891}} at FamilySearch - [[New York Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1820-1929''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/arrivals/nyc.html Immigrant Ships Transcriber's Guild - New York Arrivals - Vol. 1]; index only
::'''1803-1930''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/v2/arrivalsv2/nycv2.html Vol. 2]; index only
::'''1802-1930''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/v3/arrivalsv3/nycv3.html Vol. 3]; index only
::'''1710-1939''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/v4/arrivalsv4/nycv4.html Vol. 4]; index only
::'''1823-1936''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/v5/arrivalsv5/nycv5.html Vol. 5]; index only
::'''1624-1941''' [http://www.immigrantships.net/v6/arrivalsv6/nycv6.html Vol. 6]; index only
*'''1820-1957''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7488 New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957] at Ancestry - index & images ($); ''Also at [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=new%20york&datasettitle=new%20york%20city%20passenger%20lists%2c%201820-1957&sid=999 Findmypast]''; index & images ($)
*'''1820-1957''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10512/ellis-island-other-new-york-passenger-lists-1820-1957?s=1&formId=collection_10512:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.new%2F3york+epmo.similar&qevents=List Ellis Island and Other New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957] at MyHeritage - index & images ($)
*'''1846-1851''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&cat=SB302&tf=F&bc=sb,sl Famine Irish Passenger Record Data File (FIPAS), 1/12/1846-12/31/1851] at archives.gov - index
*'''1846-1851''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=1613&cat=SB302&tf=F&bc=sb,sl List of Ships that Arrived at the Port of New York During the Irish Famine, 1/12/1846-12/31/1851] at archives.gov - index
*'''1846-1890''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=new%20york&datasettitle=new%20york%20passenger%20lists%201846-1890&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - New York Passenger Lists 1846-1890] at Findmypast - index only ($)
*'''1851''' [https://www.genesearch.com/genealogy-records/passengerlists/irvine1851.html Bark Irvine Passenger List - Galway to New York Sep 1851] at genesearch.com - index
*'''1855-1890''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20177/new-york-castle-garden-immigrants?s=275764761 New York Castle Garden Immigrants] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*'''1895-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1075/ U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($), years vary by location
*'''1881-1922''' {{RecordSearch|1823240|Canada Passenger Lists, 1881-1922}} at FamilySearch - [[Canada Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1887''' [https://www.germanroots.com/rotterdam/index.html SS Rotterdam Ship Passenger List (Holland-America Line)] at germanroots.com - index
*'''1887-1921''' {{RecordSearch|2443349|New York, New York, Soundex to Passenger and Crew Lists, 1887-1921}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York, Soundex to Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1890''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/4844/?o_lid=0004033158&o_sch=Affiliate+External&o_xid=0004033158&ranEAID=4033158&ranMID=50138&ranSiteID=PO1O7wlqPME-hDIB7JgTp1p3BwkrJ8EwzQ New York City, New York, U.S., Immigrants (Austria, Galicia, Poland), 1890] at Ancestry - index ($)
*'''1891''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7171/?o_lid=0004033158&o_sch=Affiliate+External&o_xid=0004033158&ranEAID=4033158&ranMID=50138&ranSiteID=PO1O7wlqPME-ERPuUdgKcYDPkXEi2i_Uww New York City Immigrants (Austria, Galicia, Poland), 1891] at Ancestry - index ($)
*'''1892-1924''' {{RecordSearch|1368704|New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924}} at FamilySearch - [[New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1894-1954''' {{RecordSearch|2185932|United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Border Crossings from Canada to United States, 1894-1954 - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of New York
*'''1895-1964''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1082/?arrival=_new+york-usa_35&count=50 All U.S., Border Crossings from Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964]  at Ancestry - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of New York
*'''1897-1902''' {{RecordSearch|3031525|New York, New York, Index to Passengers Lists of Vessels, 1897-1902}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York, Index to Passengers Lists of Vessels - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1902-1956''' {{RecordSearch|1876434|New York, Northern Arrival Manifests, 1902-1956}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, Northern Arrival Manifests - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1906-1942''' {{RecordSearch|2299396|New York Book Indexes to Passenger Lists, 1906-1942}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, Book Indexes to Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2C%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&sid=103&datasettitle=new%20york%20city%2C%20book%20indexes%20to%20passenger%20lists%2C%201906-1942 Findmypast]''; index & images ($)
*'''1909, 1925-1957''' {{RecordSearch|1923888|New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1917-1957''' {{RecordSearch|2467808|New York, New York, Index to Alien Crewmen Who Were Discharged or Who Deserted, 1917-1957}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, New York, Index to Alien Crewmen Who Were Discharged or Who Deserted - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1917-1957''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10719/port-of-new-york-index-to-discharged-or-deserted-crew Port of New York, Index to Discharged or Deserted Crew, 1917-1957] at MyHeritage - index & images ($)
*'''1917-1966''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1277 New York State, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1917-1966] at Ancestry - index & images ($)


Some records recently made available at the National Archives include:  
*'''1944-1948''' {{RecordSearch|3029266|United States, New York, Index to Passengers Arriving at New York City, compiled 1944-1948}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, New York, Index to Passengers Arriving at New York City - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1948-1972''' {{RecordSearch|2427236|New York, Ogdensburg Passenger and Crew Lists, 1948-1972}} at FamilySearch - [[New York, Ogdensburg Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1956''' [http://www.andreadoria.org/TheSouls/Default.htm Andrea Doria Passenger List - Genoa to New York, July 1956] at andreadoria.org - index
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10119/immigrant-ships-transcribers-guild?s=1&formId=istg&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.new%2F3york+epmo.similar Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] at MyHeritage - index only ($)
*[http://ldsgenealogy.com/NY/Immigration-Records.htm New York Immigration Records], statewide and by county
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/united-states-passenger-and-crew-lists United States, Passenger and Crew Lists] at Findmypast - index & images ($)


*Card Manifests of Individuals Arriving in the Buffalo, New York District, 1920–1954 (166 microfilms, not at Family History Library).
====Cultural Groups - Transcribed Collections====
*Soundex Index to Arrivals at Malone, Ogdensburg, and Rooseveltown, New York, 1929–1956 (three microfilms, not at Family History Library).


=== Canadian Border Crossing Records  ===
=====Austria, Poland, and Galicia=====
*'''1890-1891''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20002/united-states-new-york-immigration-from-austria-poland-galicia-1890?s=275764761 United States, New York, Immigration from Austria, Poland and Galicia, 1890-1891] at MyHeritage - index ($)


In 1895 Canadian shipping companies agreed to keep passenger lists, or manifests, of people who were in transit to the United States. These lists allowed U.S. immigration officials to inspect passengers bound for the United States via Canada. The U.S. inspectors worked at Canadian seaports and major cities of the interior like Quebec and Winnipeg. The manifests from any seaport or emigration station in Canada were collected at St. Albans, Vermont.  
=====British Isles=====
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/49091/ British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812], e-book
*'''1624-1664''' [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHK-93PV-Z9NR?i=559&cat=161380A List of Early Immigrants to New Netherland. Alphabetically Arranged, With Additions and Corrections, From Manuscripts of the Late Teunis G. Bergen] in''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 14 (see page 500) and Vol. 15 (see page 560).


In addition, U.S. immigration officials kept records of passengers arriving by train along the Canadian border in the states from Washington State to Maine. The records of Canadian border crossings into any state between Washington and Maine, including New York, were also gathered together at St. Albans, Vermont.
=====Dutch=====
*'''1881-1894''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7994 Dutch Immigrants: New York Passenger Lists, 1881-1894] at Ancestry - index only ($)


The Family History Library has copies of both kinds of immigration records. Since they were sent to St. Albans they are called Manifests of Passengers Arriving in the St. Albans, Vermont, District. Despite the name, the manifests are actually from ports and railroad stations all over Canada and the northern United States, not just Vermont.
=====Germans=====
*'''1850-1879''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2102&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=,sl Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850 - 1897, NARA], index
*'''1850-1897''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2102&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=,sl Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850 - 1897, NARA], index
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York


Border Crossing Lists may include information about name, port or station of entry, arrival date, literacy, last residence, previous visits to the United States, and place of birth. The passenger lists are reproduced in two series:
=====Irish=====
*'''1846-1851''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=,sl Famine Irish Passenger Record Data File (FIPAS), 1/12/1846 - 12/31/1851], index
*'''1846-1851''' {{RecordSearch|2110821|United States Famine Irish Passenger Index, 1846-1851}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Famine Irish Passenger Index - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index only; ''Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5969 Ancestry.com]''; index only ($)
*'''1846-1851''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10031/passengers-arriving-in-new-york-from-ireland-1846-1851 Passengers arriving in New York from Ireland 1846 - 1851] at MyHeritage - index only ($)
*[[Irish immigrants in New York City|See Irish immigrants to New York City.]]


*''Manifests of Passengers Arriving in the St. Albans, Vermont, District through Canadian Pacific and Atlantic Ports, 1895–1954'' (608 rolls; Family History Library {{FHL|452590|title-id|disp=films 1561087–499}}). From seaports and railroad stations all over Canada and the northern United States.  
=====Italians=====
*''Manifests of Passengers Arriving in the St. Albans, Vermont, District through Canadian Pacific Ports, 1929–1949'' (25 rolls; Family History Library {{FHL|452590|title-id|disp=films 1549387–411}}). In transit to the United States from Canadian Pacific seaports only.
*'''1855-1900''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2123&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=,sl Italians to America Passenger Data File, 1855 - 1900, NARA], index
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York


Manifests for Pacific and Atlantic ports provide two types of lists: the traditional passenger lists on U.S. immigration forms and monthly lists of names of aliens crossing the border on trains. These monthly lists are arranged by month, thereunder alphabetically by name of port, and thereunder by railway.  
=====New Netherlands=====
*[https://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/search/site/Origins%20of%20Some%20New%20Netherland%20Families "Origins of Some New Netherland Families," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 123]


'''Border Crossing Indexes'''. In many cases, the index cards are the only record of the crossing. Two published indexes apply to New York:
=====Russians=====
*'''1834-1897''' [https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2126&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=,sl Russians to America Passenger Data File, 1834 - 1897, NARA], index
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York


*''Soundex Index to Canadian Border Entries through the St. Albans, Vermont, District, 1895–1924'' (400 rolls; Family History Library {{FHL|452590|title-id|disp=films 1472801–3201}}).  
====List of Ships Coming to New York Port====
*''Soundex Index to Entries into the St. Albans, Vermont, District through Canadian Pacific and Atlantic Ports, 1924–1952''(98 rolls; Family History Library film{{FHL|452590|title-id|disp=s 1570714–811}}).
*''Arrival of vessels at the port of New York, 1797-1801'' Manuscript at the New Jersey Historical Society in Newark, New Jersey. '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/idurl/1/620359 FamilySearch Digital Library]
*''Morton Allan Directory of European Passenger Steamship Arrivals : for the Years 1890 to 1930 at the Port of New York and for the Years 1904 to 1926 at the Ports of New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Baltimore''. 1931, New York: Immigration Information Bureau. {{WorldCat|49292225|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/idurl/1/265922 FamilySearch Digital Library]
*''Passenger Ships Arriving in New York Harbor'' by Bradley W. Steuart. Bountiful, Utah : Precision Indexing, c1991 {{WorldCat|25293243|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*''United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789–1919'' '''''Online at:''''' {{FSC|115379|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}}(*)


The [[Soundex|Soundex]] is a coded surname index based on the way a name sounds rather than how it is spelled. Names like Smith and Smyth have the same code and are filed together.  
===Offices to Contact===
Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.
====National Archives and Records Administration====
*The [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/overview '''National Archives (NARA)'''] has immigration records for arrivals to the United States from foreign ports between approximately 1820 and 1982. The records are arranged by [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#where '''Port of Arrival (See Part 5).''']
:*You may do research in immigration records in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001. 
*Some [https://www.archives.gov/locations '''National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) regional facilities'''] have selected immigration records; call to verify their availability or check the online Microfilm Catalog.
*Libraries with large genealogical collections, such as the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog '''FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah'''] and the [https://acpl-cms.wise.oclc.org/genealogy '''Allen County Piblic Library'''] also have selected NARA microfilm publications.
:*Order copies of passenger arrival records with [https://www.archives.gov/files/forms/pdf/natf-81.pdf '''NATF Form 81'''.]
====U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program====
The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''USCIS Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.
=====Immigration Records Available=====
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million '''A-Files:'''] Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/alien-registration-forms-on-microfilm-1940-1944 '''Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s):'''] Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/registry-files-march-2-1929-march-31-1944''' Registry Files:'''] Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944'''Visa Files:'''] Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.<ref>"Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.</ref>


=== Immigration via New York  ===
=====Requesting a Record=====
*[https://genealogy.uscis.dhs.gov/ '''Web Request Page'''] allows you to request a records, pay fees, and upload supporting documents (proof of death).
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/genealogical-records-help/record-requests-frequently-asked-questions '''Record Requests Frequently Asked Questions''']


[[Image:Ellis island 1902.jpg|thumb|right|Ellis island 1902.jpg]]When individuals emigrated from one country to another, a list of the passengers on board was kept. A large number of immigrants coming to the United States landed in New York. There were three different ports in New York City from 1855 to 1954, where passengers landed: Castle Garden, the Barge Office, and Ellis Island.


From 1855 to 1890, Castle Garden, also known as Castle Clinton, was the place where immigrants were processed for entry into the country. About 7.5 million people passed through Castle Gardens by the time it closed in 1890. Until Ellis Island opened in January 1892, immigrants went through the Barge Office. Approximately 525,000 immigrants went through the Barge Office.
====The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society====
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society will search their indexes and files at no charge. Supply the individual ancestor's name as spelled at the time of arrival and, if known, the year and port of entry and relatives traveling with the ancestor. It also helps to give birth and last known address. Records of Jewish immigrants '''since 1909''' are at:


The passenger lists for the Castle Garden, the Barge Office, and part of the Ellis Island records are in the same record group. Regardless of whether your ancestor arrived in New York City during the Castle Garden, Barge Office, or Ellis Island period, you can search the same ship manifests. Many of the records are available on microfilm in the Family History Library. These can be viewed in the library or in a family history center. Follow these steps to find the film numbers in the library catalog.
'''United Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Service'''<br>
200 Park Avenue South <br>
New York, NY 10003 <br>


*1. Go to [https://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]
Telephone: 212-967-4100
*2. Click '''Family History Library Catalog'''.
*[https://jgsny.org/ '''Website''']
*3. Click '''Place Search'''.
*4. Type New York, and click '''Search'''.
*5. Click '''New York, New York City'''.
*6. Click '''Emigration and Immigration'''.
*7. Click the title '''Passenger lists of vessels arriving at New York, 1820-1897'''.
*8. Click '''View Film Notes''' to find the film numbers for the records.


Note: For New York harbor arrivals of 1897-1943, click on the long title: ''Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, June 16, 1897- June 30, 1902''<nowiki>;</nowiki>''Index (Soundex) to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, July 1, 1902-December 31, 1943; Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York.''
====Orphan Out-migration====
 
*From about 1854–1929, some '''100,000 homeless children from New York City''' were "placed out" to families in upstate New York and the midwestern states. They are frequently referred to as the [https://orphantraindepot.org/history/ '''orphan train children'''].  
The Ellis Island Foundation site at [http://www.ellisisland.org/default.asp www.ellisisland.org/default.asp] has indexes and images of passenger arrivals to Ellis Island in New York between 1892 and 1924.
 
The passenger lists from 1851 through 1891 are only partially indexed. The indexes are mostly for a few nationalities, such as German, Italian, and Russian. Follow these steps to find the film numbers for the passenger lists and indexes.
 
*1. Go to [https://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org]
*2. Click '''Family History Library Catalog'''.
*3. Click '''Place Search'''.
*4. Type United States, and click '''Search'''.
*5. Click '''United States'''.
*6. Click '''Emigration and Immigration'''.
*7. Scroll through the titles, and click one of interest to you.
*8. Click '''View Film Notes''' to find the film numbers for the records.
 
<br>A little known fact about New York City is that the State of New York had quarantine laws stating that&nbsp;''"Quarantine for the protection of public health shall be maintained in and for the ports of New York, for all vessels arriving thereat from other ports, and for the crews, passengers, equipage, cargoes and other property on board the same."''&nbsp; This allowed the New York State quarantine officers to board all ships arriving at New York City and review the health of all passengers and crew.&nbsp; Any one showing symptoms of a contagious disease was removed from the ship while still in the outer harbor and taken to the hospital on&nbsp;either Hoffman or Swinburne island.&nbsp; Some history of the New York State Quarantine hospitals can be found at the following web site:&nbsp; [[The Forgotten of Ellis Island: Deaths in Quarantine, 1909 to 1911]]
 
=== New York City Passenger Lists  ===
 
Passenger lists show the names of those aboard the ship during its voyage but the [[Annotations on Passenger Lists|annotations]] can supply important information as well. Searching through many passenger lists can be time consuming. An online index can save time and help you find an ancestor's immigration date and ship. The index to many lists of New York City arrivals from 1820 to 1892 are available on the Ancestry Web site at [http://www.ancestry.com/ www.ancestry.com] (a subscription website). Some of this index is also linked to online images of the original passenger manifests on paper. The index includes passengers to some other ports in various years. Follow these instructions to search the index of passenger lists.
 
#Go to [http://www.ancestry.com/ www.ancestry.com].
#Type the name of a person's first and last name and click Search.
#Look through the list of results to see if one is the Passenger and Immigration Lists Index 1500s-1900s. If so, click on the reference.
#Click on the underlined name of the person to see more details.
 
Ancestry is a subscription site.
 
[[New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]] For information on using this collection, see [[Free Online New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1897|Free online New York Passenger Lists 1820-1897]].
 
The [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] Wiki article provides several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in New York. The [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's original hometown.
 
=== Migration Patterns in New York State  ===
 
'''Pre-Revolutionary War.''' Before 1775 settlement in New York was confined to the Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Delaware valleys until after the Revolutionary War. During and after the war, New Yorkers loyal to the King of England emigrated to Canada and elsewhere. The Revolutionary War temporarily halted further expansion into the interior. Once the war was over and the title to western lands was obtained from the Iroquois in 1786, New Englanders flocked to all parts of the state. In the two decades after the war, 500,000 new settlers came into New York, and the state tripled its population.
 
'''Pre-Civil War.''' Before 1861 cities along migration routes such as Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo prospered. Natives of other states such as New Jersey, Connecticut, and Vermont moved to New York in large numbers during the pre-Civil War era.
 
'''Ethnic groups.''' Large numbers of Irish and Germans came to New York cities in the mid-1800s. New York was the destination for millions of southern and eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Russian Jews, from about 1890–1910. The Irish tended to settle in New York and other large cities, such as Albany, and along the canal. Large numbers of Germans settled in New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester. Upstate New York Welsh Heritage hosts an interesting map depicting [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nyunywh/upstatenywelsh/welshny.html Where the Welsh Lived in New York State].
 
'''Orphan out-migration.''' From about 1854–1929, some 100,000 homeless children from New York City were "placed out" to families in upstate New York and the midwestern states. They are frequently referred to as the orphan train children. Excellent academic and universal readership book about the orphan trains and immigration: Wendinger, Renee. "Extra! Extra! The Orphan Trains and Newsboys of New York". http://www.theorphantrain.com book website.  


New York agencies that have records are:  
New York agencies that have records are:  
*'''New York Children's Aid Society'''<br>Adoption and Foster Home Division<br>150 East 45th Street<br>New York, NY 10017<br>Phone: 212-949-4800<br>Fax: 212-682-8016<br>[http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/ Website]<br>(Organized in 1853)
*'''New York Foundling Hospital (Catholic)'''<br>590 Avenue of the Americas<br>New York, NY 10011<br>Phone: 212-633-9300<br>Fax: 212-886-4048<br>[https://catholiccharitiesny.org/our-agencies/new-york-foundling Website]<br>(Organized in 1869 and began placing out children in 1873)<br>
:[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/nyhs/foundling/bioghist.html Guide to the Records of the New York Foundling Hospital]


*'''''New York Children's Aid Society'''''
====Societies====
*[http://www.hollandsociety.org/genealogy/ '''The Holland Society''']
*[https://aahgs.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.ViewPage&pageId=895 '''Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society''']
*[https://www.germangenealogygroup.com/ '''German Genealogy Group''']
*[http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com/ '''The Hispanic Genealogical Society Of New York''']
*[https://jgsny.org/ '''Jewish Genealogical Society of New York''']
*[http://pgsnys.org/ '''Polish Genealogical Society of New York State''']


:Adoption and Foster Home Division
==Finding Town of Origin==
:150 East 45th Street
Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the '''name of the town''' where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.
:New York, NY 10017
*[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']]


::Telephone: 212-949-4800
==Background==
::Fax: 212-682-8016
*During the 17th century, Dutch trading posts established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois, and other tribes were founded in the colony of '''New Netherland'''.
::Internet: http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/
*Both the Dutch and the British imported '''African slaves''' as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second-highest population of slaves after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1827.
*In the 1620s and 1630s, the '''Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians)''' settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island.
*'''Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish''', settled near the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the late 1600s.
*'''German "Palatines"''' came in 1709/10 to the '''upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County'''. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled '''Schoharie Valley backcountry''' and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. <ref>Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, ''German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761'' (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). {{FSC|488732|item|disp=FS Library Book 929.273 H637j}}.</ref>
*Large numbers of '''Irish and Germans''' came to New York cities in the mid-1800s. The Irish tended to settle in New York and other large cities, such as Albany, and along the canal. Large numbers of Germans settled in New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester.
*New York was the destination for millions of '''southern and eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Russian Jews''', from about 1890–1910.
*According to immigration statistics, the state is a leading recipient of migrants from around the globe. New York State has the second-largest international immigrant population in the country among the American states, at 4.2 million as of 2008; most reside in and around New York City, due to its size, high profile, vibrant economy, and cosmopolitan culture. New York has a pro-sanctuary city law.
*According to the U.S. Census Bureau, New York has a racial and ethnic makeup of '''55.1% non-Hispanic whites, 14.2% blacks or African Americans, 0.2% American Indians or Alaska Natives, 8.6% Asians, 0.6% from some other race, 2.1% from two or more races, and 19.3% Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race.''' There were an estimated '''3,725 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders''' in the state in 2019. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race were 17.6% of the population in 2010; 2.4% were of '''Mexican, 5.5% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 9.4% other Hispanic or Latino origin'''. According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, '''the largest ancestry White American groups were Italian (13.0%), Irish (12.1%), German (10.3%), American (5.4%), and English (5.2%)'''.<ref>"New York (state)", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state), accessed 8 April 2021.</ref><br><br>


:::This society was organized in 1853.<br><br>
'''New York Port Timeline'''<br>
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="504" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" |Time Period<br>
! scope="col" |Receiving Station<br>
! scope="col" |
Type of List<br>  


*'''''New York Foundling Hospital (Catholic)'''''
|-
! scope="col" |1624-1820
! scope="col" |None
! scope="col" |A Few Scattered Lists
|-
! scope="col" |1820-1855
! scope="col" |Various Wharfs
! scope="col" |
Custom Passenger Lists


:590 Avenue of the Americas
<br>
:New Y:ork, NY 10011


::Telephone: 212-633-9300
|-
::Fax: 212-886-4048
! scope="col" |1855-1890
::Internet:&nbsp;[http://www.orphantraindepot.com/NYFHHistory.html http://www.orphantraindepot.com/NYFHHistory.html]
! scope="col" |Castle Garden
! scope="col" |
Custom Passenger Lists


:::This hospital was organized in 1869 and began placing out children in 1873.<br><br>
(Including 1883-1897 transcripts)


==== Colonial Settlers  ====
|-
! scope="col" |1890-1891
! scope="col" |Barge Office
! scope="col" |same as above
|-
! scope="col" |1892-1897
! scope="col" |Ellis Island
! scope="col" |same as above
|-
! scope="col" |1897-1900
! scope="col" |Barge Office
! scope="col" |Immigration Passenger Lists
|-
! scope="col" |1900-1924
! scope="col" |Ellis Island
! scope="col" |Immigration Passenger Lists
|-
! scope="col" |1924 to Present
! scope="col" |U.S. Embassies
! scope="col" |Immigration Passenger Lists
|}


===== African Americans  =====
==Published Resources==
===Colonial Lists===
Passenger lists for some colonial immigrants exist in compilations. The New York State Archives has microfilmed the New York customs house records dating from about 1730, but these do not name passengers. Many early immigrants are named in:


The Dutch brought the first Blacks to New York during colonial times. Blacks composed about 10 percent of the population during the eighteenth century. The greatest migration of Blacks came from the southern states and Caribbean after World War II.  
*Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–1996. '''''Online at:''''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($); (FS Library book Ref {{FSC|291926|title-id|disp=973 W32p}}.) Most comprehensive index available of published passenger lists from 1607 to about 1900. Supplemental volumes have been issued annually. Some of the volumes are on microfilm.


The [[New York Public Library]] has a large collection of manuscripts relating to black culture in New York. The address is:
A comprehensive list of about 140,000 immigrants to America from Britain is:  
 
[http://www.nypl.org/research/sc/sc.html '''New York Public Library'''] Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture 515 Lenox Avenue New York, NY 10037 Telephone: 212-491-2200
 
The Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Inc. has a local chapter in Greater New York. To learn more, visit their [http://aahgs.org/chapters.htm#ny website].
 
===== American Indians  =====
 
The original inhabitants of New York were Algonquian (Lenni Lenape, [[Mohegan Indians|Mohegan]], and Wappinger) and Iroquoian tribes ([[Mohawk Indians|Mohawk]], Oneida, [[Onondaga Indians|Onondaga]], [[Cayuga Indians|Cayuga]], and [[Seneca Indians|Seneca]]). The [[Tuscarora Indians|Tuscarora tribe]] from [[North Carolina|North Carolina]] migrated to New York and joined the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois Confederacy]] in the 1700s.
 
See also [[Indians of New York]].
 
===== Dutch and Walloons  =====
 
In the 1620s and 1630s, the Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians) settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island. The Dutch West India Company made settlements at New Amsterdam (New York City) and Ft. Orange (Albany) in 1624 and 1625. Later settlements were at Beverwyck (outside Fort Orange), Esopus (Kingston), and western Long Island. In 1664 the English captured New Netherland and renamed it New York.
 
The Holland Society of New York (est. 1885) can assist you in tracing your New York Dutch ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.hollandsociety.org/index1.html website].
 
Many Dutch families of New York can be found in:
 
*Bergen, Van Brunt. "A List of Early Immigrants to New Netherland. Alphabetically Arranged, With Additions and Corrections, From Manuscripts of the Late Teunis G. Bergen," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 14, No. 4 (Oct. 1883):181-190; Vol. 15, No. 1 (Jan. 1884):34-40; Vol. 15, No. 2 (Apr. 1884):72-77. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|1181533|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 14-15}}. Internet Archive has digitized [http://www.archive.org/details/newyorkgenealog15newy Vol. 15], but not Vol. 14.<ref>WeRelate contributors, "Source:New York Genealogical and Biographical Record (New York Genealogical and Biographical Society)," in ''WeRelate,'' http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:New_York_Genealogical_and_Biographical_Record_%28New_York_Genealogical_and_Biographical_Society%29, accessed 17 February 2012.</ref>
*Epperson, Gwenn F. ''New Netherland Roots.'' Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1994. (Family History Library book {{FHL|651271|title-id|disp=974.7 D27e}}.) Discusses and quotes examples from passenger lists, early government records, marriage registers, church records, and court records of New Netherland. Also discusses early Dutch, German, Belgian, French, and Scandinavian sources.
*Macy, Harry and Elva Kathleen Lyon. "Origins of Some New Netherland Families," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 123, No. 1 (Jan. 1992):17-24; Vol. 123, No. 2 (Apr. 1992):93-96; Vol. 123, No. 3 (Jul. 1992):167-168; Vol. 127, No. 4 (Oct. 1996):202-204. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 123}}.
*''Noord Amerika Chronologie (North American Chronology).'' See [[New York Probate Records]].
*van Laer, A.J.F. "Minutes of the Amsterdam Chamber of the Dutch West India Company, 1635-1636," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul. 1918):217-228. Digital versions at [http://www.archive.org/details/newyorkgenealog49newy Internet Archive]; [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 49}}.
*Zabriskie, George Olin. ''Dutch Family Records''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1987. (Family History Library films {{FHL|508194|title-id|disp=1421759–66.)}} Contains family groups and correspondence from the 1550s to the 1900s.
*Zabriskie, George Olin. ''Early Dutch - New Netherlands - Family Correspondence''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1987. (Family History Library films {{FHL|532504|title-id|disp=1421766–6}}.) Contains correspondence about Dutch families from the 1500s to the 1900s. Includes information from church, military, land, and probate records.
 
===== English  =====
 
In the 1640s New England settlers came to eastern Long Island. New Englanders continued to migrate to the lower Hudson Valley in the early and mid-1700s.
 
In the hundred years after the English took control in 1664, French Huguenots, German Palatines, Scots, and Irish also found their way to New York. During the next century, settlement expanded west along the Mohawk River and north along the Hudson.
 
Hoff's compilation is the place to start English origin studies:
 
*Hoff, Henry B. ''English Origins of American Colonists from The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1991. {{FHL|443720|item|disp=FHL Book 973 P2ho}}.
 
===== French Huguenots  =====
 
Huguenots settled on Staten Island and in New Harlem, Bushwick, and Flushing in 1657 and 1658. New Paltz, Ulster County, was founded in 1677 by Huguenots. In 1688 the Huguenots established New Rochelle in Westchester County. Non-Huguenot French Catholics from Quebec later settled large areas of the northern Adirondacks.
 
Useful sources for Huguenot genealogy are:
 
*Baird, Charles W. ''History of the Huguenot Emigration to America''. Two Volumes. 1885. Reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Regional Publishing, 1966. (Family History Library book {{FHL|112854|title-id|disp=973 F2hb}} 1966; 1885 ed. on film {{FHL|129079|title-id|disp=496568}}.) May include births, marriages, deaths, residence, and place of origin.
*Reeve, Vera. compiler. ''Register of Qualified Huguenot Ancestors: The National Huguenot Society''. Third Edition, Washington, DC: the Society, 1983. (Family History Library book {{FHL|55570|title-id|disp=973 D2rq}}.) Genealogies and sources. See also the 1995 supplement (Family History Library book {{FHL|771567|title-id|disp=973 D2rq 1992 suppl}}.)
 
===== Germans  =====
 
German "Palatines" came in 1709/10 to the upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. It portrayed the New World as a paradise. Some lived in England for a few years. Reconstructed passenger lists are available online as part of ProGenealogists' [http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/index.html Palatine Project]. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled Schoharie Valley backcountry and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. 1709ers include Valentin Bresseler (ancestor of Elvis Presley) and Jost Hite "Baron of the Shenandoah."<ref name="hank" /><ref>Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, ''German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761'' (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). {{FHL|488732|item|disp=FHL Book 929.273 H637j}}.</ref>&nbsp; The "[http://www.nbc.com/who-do-you-think-you-are/bios-season-2/tim-mcgraw/ Tim McGraw]" episode of ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' (NBC) brings this immigration story to life. McGraw descends from Hite. DNA has been collected from descendants of many 1709ers, see [http://www.worldfamilies.net/surnames/palatine/pats The Palatine DNA Project]. Many original documents regarding this migration are available on microfilm through FamilySearch, see {{FHL|289277|item|disp=''Collection of original documents selected from the Public Record Office relating to the Palatine immigration : original documents selected for filming from the Colonial Office and Treasury Papers'' (Arthur D. Graeff).}}<br>
 
Henry "Hank" Jones, [[Acronyms and Abbreviations|FASG]], is the leading authority on these immigrants. To contact him, visit his website: http://www.hankjones.com. He has identified the origins of 600 of the 847 Palatine families involved in this migration.<ref name="hank">Henry Z. Jones Jr., "Some Newly-Discovered German Origins for the Palatine Families of New York-1710," ''The American Genealogist,'' Vol. 85, No. 1 (Jan. 2011):46-62.</ref> Three principal sources documenting the identities of individuals involved in this large migration are: (1) The Rotterdam Sailing Lists of 1709 (Holland), (2) The London Census of Palatines of 1709 (England), (3) The Hunter Subsistence Lists 1710-1712 (New York). His chief German researcher, Carla Mittelstaedt-Kubaseck literally went village to village searching old church books seeking 1709ers origins. Despite the term "Palatine," Jones discovered that many of the families did not originate in the area of Germany known as the "Palatinate" (''Pfalz'' in German). "Palatine" was a term applied to Germans in general. Many of the migrants who lived near each other in New York, came from the same hometowns in Germany. His findings, which include beautiful photographs of the villages where immigrants originated, and the old churches where they worshipped, have been published:
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. "Emigrants from Laubenheim, Germany, to New York in 1709/10," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 70, No. 2 (June 1982):97-102. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 70 (1982)}}.
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. ''The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710''. Two Volumes. Universal City, Calif.: Henry Z. Jones, 1985. {{FHL|237941|title-id|disp=FHL Book 974.7 D2j}}. Includes births, marriages, deaths, and source citations.
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. "Some Additional Discoveries on the German Origins of the Palatine Families of New York," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' Vol. 117, No. 4 (Oct. 1986):193-198. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 117}}.
 
*Jones, Henry Z. Jr. and Annette Kunselman Burgert. ''Westerwald to America: Some 18th Century German Immigrants.'' Camden, Maine: Picton Press, 1989. {{FHL|1618|item|disp=FHL Book 943.42 W2b}}.
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. ''More Palatine Families: Some Immigrants to the Middle Colonies, 1717–1776, and Their European Origins, Plus New Discoveries on German Families Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710.'' Universal City, Calif.: Henry Z. Jones, 1991. {{FHL|438977|item|disp=FHL Book 973 W2jo}}.
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. and Lewis Bunker Rohrbach. ''Even More Palatine Families: 18th Century Immigrants to the American Colonies and Their German, Swiss, and American Origins.'' 3 vols. Rockport, Maine: Picton Press, 2002. {{FHL|817263|item|disp=FHL Books 974.7 D2je v. 1-v. 3}}.
 
*Jones, Henry Z., Jr. "Some Newly-Discovered German Origins for the Palatine Families of New York-1710," ''The American Genealogist,'' Vol. 85, No. 1 (Jan. 2011):46-62.
 
Jones shares the following strategies, learned from experience, for genealogists who wish to trace the German origins of Colonial Americans:
 
#Study the neighbors
#Study the sponsors
#Use original sources
#Remember even original sources may be wrong
#Study naming and spelling patterns
#Use family traditions as guides, never gospel
#Use indices with caution
#Follow your intuition as well as your intellect in genealogical searches<ref>Henry Z. Jones, ''The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710'' (Universal City, Calif.: H.Z. Jones, 1985), iv-xxvii. {{FHL|237941|item|disp=FHL Books 974.7 D2j v. 1-v. 2}}.</ref>
 
Many of these families appear in Reformed and Lutheran church books in New York. Jones notes the religious flexibility of these early German immigrants. Many switched from Catholicism to Protestantism in the New World.<ref>Henry Z. Jones, ''More Palatine Families: Some Immigrants to the Middle Colonies, 1717-1776, and Their European Origins, Plus New Discoveries on German Families Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710'' (Universal City, Calif.: H.Z. Jones, c1991), xxi-xxiv. {{FHL|438977|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 D2ja}}.</ref>
 
<br> The 1709 London Census of Palatines was published by [[New York Genealogical and Biographical Society|The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society]]. Their publication is available online:
 
*"List of Germans from the Palatinate Who Came to England in 1709," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 40, No. 1 (Jan. 1909):49-54; Vol. 40, No. 2 (Apr. 1909):93-100; Vol. 40, No. 3 (Jul. 1909):160-167; Vol. 40, No. 4 (Oct. 1909):241-248; Vol. 41, No. 1 (Jan. 1910):10-19. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 40-41}}. Internet Archive has digitized [http://www.archive.org/details/newyorkgenealog040newy Vol. 40] and [http://www.archive.org/details/newyorkgenealog41newy Vol. 41] - free.<ref>WeRelate contributors, "Source:New York Genealogical and Biographical Record (New York Genealogical and Biographical Society)," in ''WeRelate,'' http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:New_York_Genealogical_and_Biographical_Record_%28New_York_Genealogical_and_Biographical_Society%29, accessed 9 February 2012.</ref>
 
Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include New York (1708-1766). She published the list in an Appendix to:
 
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL Book 970 W2w}}.
 
Frank Diffenderffer extensively documented the origins, reasons for leaving, escape routes and living conditions of these Palatine refugees throughout their journey:
 
*Diffenderffer, Frank Reid. ''The German Exodus to England in 1709. ''Lancaster, Pa.: The Pennsylvania-German Society, 1897. Digital version available through [http://openlibrary.org/books/OL6973084M/The_German_exodus_to_England_in_1709 Open Library].
 
O'Neill and Hatcher prepared a study of the 1709ers who settled in Ulster County, see [[Ulster County, New York#Immigration|Ulster County, New York Immigration]].
 
Before 1776 Germans and Dutch settled the Mohawk Valley.
 
===== Scots and Irish  =====
 
In the early 1770s Scottish and Irish immigrants settled in the upper Hudson and Delaware valleys. Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish, settled near the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the late 1600s. Millions (approximately 3 million) Irish (mostly Catholic) immigrated to the United States. Hundreds of thousands&nbsp;settled&nbsp;in New York City in especially the mid to late 19th Century. Some stayed for a few years and then migrated into the rest of the United States. Their migration fanned out into the midwest, i.e. Chicago St. Louis, south (Alabama and Georgia) and out west. Visit the [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&cat=GP44&tf=F&bc=sl Famine Emigrants 1846-1851 database at the NARA] website for an online search of nearly 700,000 Irish Famine Immigrants, representing one of the most significant&nbsp;immigration epics of all time in America's history. In 1855, one in every four, or 54 percent of New York City's foreign-born population were Irish with over 200,000 registered as "born in Ireland". The largest New York immigrant passenger-list index, available for the first time for the years 1820 to 1957, is now online at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/DB.aspx?dbid=7488 Ancestry.com] with 68 million names. Here is&nbsp;an enlarged [[List of Irish Emigration]] websites for locating Irish ancestors on ships.
 
A helpful publication listing immigrants from Scotland is
 
*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scottish Settlers in North America, 1625–1825'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1984–, Volumes 1–7. Family History Library book {{FHL|213085|title-id|disp=970 W2d}}). Each volume has its own index. Often the town or city of origin in Scotland is mentioned. About a quarter of the families settled in New York.
 
Passengers Aboard the "Buchannon", Newry to New York August 1765. A list of 43 passengers who travelled from Newry Co. Ireland to New York in August 1765 aboard the ship "Buchannon". Article in The Irish Ancestor, vol. XII. no. 1-2, 1980, page 52, Family History Library Ref. 941.5 B2i
 
===== Other Groups  =====
 
Records of major ethnic groups, including Dutch, Swedes, German, French Huguenots, Quakers, and Jews, are listed in the Family History Library Catalog Locality Search under:
 
NEW YORK - MINORITIES.
 
==== 19th and 20th Century Immigrants  ====
 
===== British  =====
 
One of the largest waves of British migrants to the United States occurred in the nineteenth century.
 
:*'''1817''' - Molerio, Dagoberto. "A Passenger List for the Ship ''William,''" ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' Vol. 101, No. 3 (Jul. 1970):142-144. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|1181533|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 101}}.
 
===== Germans  =====
 
The German Genealogy Group can help you trace your New York German ancestors. Their [http://www.theggg.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.
 
[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, documenting the period 1850 -1897].
 
===== Hispanic  =====
 
The Hispanic Genealogy Center of New York can help you discover your New York Hispanic ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.hispanicgenealogy.com/ website].
 
===== Irish  =====
 
[[Image:Famine memorial dublin.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Famine memorial dublin.jpg]]Tens of thousands of potato famine Irish immigrants arrived at the Port of New York City in the nineteenth century.
 
Moorhouse wrote a very useful guide for tracing Irish immigrants in New York City:
 
*Moorhouse, Ann. "Researching the Irish-Born of New York City," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record,'' Vol. 112, No. 2 (Apr. 1981):65-71. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 112}}.
 
Potato famine passenger lists are available online:
 
*[http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Records for Passengers Who Arrived at the Port of New York During the Irish Famine, documenting the period 1/12/1846 - 12/31/1851] - free, courtesy: [[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA]].
 
Many Irish settlers of New York are discussed in ''[[The Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society|The Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society]]'' (Vols. 1-21 are available for free online).
 
*The Emigrant Savings Bank, set up in New York City in 1850, helped many potato famine immigrants. It functioned until 1883. The collection of 58 volumes of bank records from 1941 to 1883 were later donated to the New York Public Library where they were described and filmed and made available to the public. Digital copies are currently available at the [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8760 Ancestry] website.
 
===== Italians  =====
 
The Italian Genealogical Group can help you discover your New York Italian ancestry. Their [http://italiangen.org/ website] offers many free resources to help you in your quest.
 
[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes free [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Italians to the United States, documenting the period 1855 - 1900].
 
Italians followed strict naming patterns in the home country. Carmack discusses the effect immigration had on this practice for Italian-Americans:
 
*Carmack, Sharon DeBartolo. "Italian Naming Patterns and Necronyms: Six Generations of the Vallarelli Family as an Example of the Effect of Immigration," ''The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record'', Vol. 133, No. 3 (Jul. 2002):177-181. Digital version at [http://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/public-elibrary New York Family History] ($); {{FHL|161380|item|disp=FHL Book 974.7 B2n v. 133}}.
 
===== Jews  =====
 
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society will search their indexes and files at no charge. Supply the individual ancestor's name as spelled at the time of arrival and, if known, the year and port of entry and relatives traveling with the ancestor. It also helps to give birth and last known address. Records of Jewish immigrants since 1909 are at:  
 
'''United Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Service''' 200 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10003 Telephone: 212-967-4100
 
The Jewish Genealogical Society can help you discover your New York Jewish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://www.jgsny.org/ website].
 
===== Poles  =====
 
The Polish Genealogical Society of New York State can help you discover your New York Polish ancestry. To learn more, visit their [http://pgsnys.org/ website].
 
===== Russians  =====
 
[[National Archives and Records Administration|NARA's]] website includes free [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/series-list.jsp?cat=GP44 Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Russians to the United States, documenting the period 1834-1897].
 
===== Scandinavians  =====
 
*<br>


=== Web Sites ===
*Coldham, Peter Wilson. ''{{FSC|773852|title-id|disp=The Complete Book of Emigrants}}, 1607–1776 and Emigrants in Bondage, 1614–1775''. [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1996. '''''Online at:''''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49038 Ancestry] ($) - Includes New York immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract.


http://www.castlegarden.org
==Immigration Records==
'''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[New York Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]]
===What can I find in them?===
====[[New York Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]====
*'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''.  The names of wives and children were often not included. 


http://ellisislandrecords.org
*'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin.


http://www.nypl.org/
*'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
**name, age, sex,
**nationality, occupation, marital status,
**last residence, final destination in the U.S.,
**whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),
**if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,
**whether able to read and write,
**whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
**amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,
**whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
**whether the passenger was a polygamist,
**and immigrant's state of health.  


http://www.archives.nysed.gov/aindex.shtml
*'''1906--'''  - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included.


http://www.archives.gov/
====[[New York Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]]  ====
Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:


http://www.afhs.ab.ca/aids/talks/notes_mar99.html <!--{12054102989060} -->
*Birthplace 
*Birth date
*Naturalization information
*Arrival information, if foreign born
==In-Country Migration==


[http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY http://www.migrations.org/county.php3?migcounty=NY] - Site lists names, lifespan,origin, notes and migration&nbsp;steps, of persons migrating to or through New York. Names submitted by individuals.  
'''Pre-Revolutionary War''' <br>
*Before 1775, settlement in New York was confined to the Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Delaware valleys until after the Revolutionary War.
*During and after the war, New Yorkers loyal to the King of England emigrated to Canada and elsewhere.
*The Revolutionary War temporarily halted further expansion into the interior. Once the war was over, and the title to western lands was obtained from the Iroquois in 1786, New Englanders flocked to all parts of the state.
*In the two decades after the war, 500,000 new settlers came into New York, and the state tripled its population.  


<span style="font-weight: bold;">Wiki articles describing online collections are found at:</span><br>  
'''Pre-Civil War''' <br>
*Before 1861, cities along migration routes such as '''Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo''' prospered.
*Natives of other states such as '''New Jersey, Connecticut, and Vermont''' moved to New York in large numbers during the pre-Civil War era.
=== New York Migration Routes  ===


*[[New York, Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York, Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]<br>
[[Ellis Island, Castle Garden, etc.]]{{·}} [[Atlantic Coast Ports]]{{·}} [[Lake Champlain]]{{·}} [[Lake Erie]]{{·}} [[Lake Ontario]]{{·}} [[Long Island Sound]]{{·}} [[Hudson River]]{{·}} [[Mohawk River]]{{·}} [[St. Lawrence River]]{{·}} [[Chambly Canal]]{{·}} [[Champlain Canal]]{{·}} [[Delaware and Raritan Canal]]{{·}} [http://www.eriecanal.org/]{{·}} [[Albany Post Road]]{{·}} [[Catskill Turnpike]]{{·}} [[Forbidden Path]]{{·}} [[Great Genesee Road]]{{·}} [[Great Shamokin Path]]{{·}} [[Greenwood Road]]{{·}} [[Hudson River Path]]{{·}} [[King's Highway]] {{·}} [[Boston Post Road]]{{·}} [[Lake Champlain Trail]]{{·}} [[Lake Shore Path]] {{·}} [[Lehigh and Lackawanna Paths]]{{·}} [[Minsi Path]]{{·}} [[Mohawk or Iroquois Trail]]{{·}} [[New York Turnpikes]]{{·}} [[Old Connecticut Path]]
*[[New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1925-1942 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]  
*[[New York, New York, Index to Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York, New York, Index to passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]  
*[[New York, Northern Arrival Manifests (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]  
*[[New York, Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York, Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island) (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]  
*[[New York, Passenger Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)|New York Passenger Arrival Lists (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]


=== References  ===
==For Further Reading==
*[[Palatine Records in the United States]]
*{{FSC|333673|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Emigration and immigration}}
*{{FSC|348599|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}
*{{FSC|529434|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Jewish records}}
*{{FSC|334924|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Minorities}}
*{{FSC|341193|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Minorities - Biography }}
*{{FSC|663187|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Minorities - Genealogy}}
*{{FSC|763355|subject_id|disp=United States, New York - Minorities - History}}


<references /> {{New York|New York}}
==References==


{{featured article}}  
<references/> {{New York|New York}}


[[Category:New_York|Emigration and Immigration]] [[Category:Scots-Irish]] [[Category:Huguenots]] [[Category:Irish]] [[Category:Italians]] [[Category:Dutch]][[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration]]
[[Category:New_York Emigration and Immigration]]  
[[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration|1]]
[[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration, New York Arrivals]]

Latest revision as of 14:40, 24 October 2023

New York Wiki Topics
New York flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
New York Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources
Immigrants Behold the Statue of Liberty.jpg
Arriving immigrants behold the Statue of Liberty.

Give me your tired, your poor,

Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door! [1]

Emma Lazarus, 1883

How to Find the Records

Ellis island 1902.jpg

A large number of immigrants coming to the United States landed in New York. There were three different ports in New York City from 1855 to 1954, where passengers landed: Castle Garden, the Barge Office, and Ellis Island. Regardless of whether your ancestor arrived in New York City during the Castle Garden, Barge Office, or Ellis Island period, you can search the same ship manifests.

Online Resources

New York Passenger Lists

1803-1930 Vol. 2; index only
1802-1930 Vol. 3; index only
1710-1939 Vol. 4; index only
1823-1936 Vol. 5; index only
1624-1941 Vol. 6; index only

Cultural Groups - Transcribed Collections

Austria, Poland, and Galicia
British Isles
Dutch
Germans
Irish
Italians
New Netherlands
Russians

List of Ships Coming to New York Port

  • Arrival of vessels at the port of New York, 1797-1801 Manuscript at the New Jersey Historical Society in Newark, New Jersey. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library
  • Morton Allan Directory of European Passenger Steamship Arrivals : for the Years 1890 to 1930 at the Port of New York and for the Years 1904 to 1926 at the Ports of New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Baltimore. 1931, New York: Immigration Information Bureau. At various libraries (WorldCat); Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library
  • Passenger Ships Arriving in New York Harbor by Bradley W. Steuart. Bountiful, Utah : Precision Indexing, c1991 At various libraries (WorldCat)
  • United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789–1919 Online at: FamilySearch Catalog(*)

Offices to Contact

Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.

National Archives and Records Administration

  • You may do research in immigration records in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001.

U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program

The USCIS Genealogy Program is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.

Immigration Records Available
  • A-Files: Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
  • Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s): Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
  • Registry Files: Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
  • Visa Files: Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.[2]
Requesting a Record


The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society

The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society will search their indexes and files at no charge. Supply the individual ancestor's name as spelled at the time of arrival and, if known, the year and port of entry and relatives traveling with the ancestor. It also helps to give birth and last known address. Records of Jewish immigrants since 1909 are at:

United Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Service
200 Park Avenue South
New York, NY 10003

Telephone: 212-967-4100

Orphan Out-migration

  • From about 1854–1929, some 100,000 homeless children from New York City were "placed out" to families in upstate New York and the midwestern states. They are frequently referred to as the orphan train children.

New York agencies that have records are:

  • New York Children's Aid Society
    Adoption and Foster Home Division
    150 East 45th Street
    New York, NY 10017
    Phone: 212-949-4800
    Fax: 212-682-8016
    Website
    (Organized in 1853)
  • New York Foundling Hospital (Catholic)
    590 Avenue of the Americas
    New York, NY 10011
    Phone: 212-633-9300
    Fax: 212-886-4048
    Website
    (Organized in 1869 and began placing out children in 1873)
Guide to the Records of the New York Foundling Hospital

Societies

Finding Town of Origin

Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the name of the town where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.

Background

  • During the 17th century, Dutch trading posts established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois, and other tribes were founded in the colony of New Netherland.
  • Both the Dutch and the British imported African slaves as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second-highest population of slaves after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1827.
  • In the 1620s and 1630s, the Dutch and Walloons (French-speaking Belgians) settled in the Hudson Valley and on western Long Island.
  • Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish, settled near the Hudson River in Orange and Ulster counties in the late 1600s.
  • German "Palatines" came in 1709/10 to the upper Hudson Valley, near present-day Germantown, Columbia County. Many had been lured to America after reading the "Golden Book," published by British authorities, to promote the colonization of America. After arriving in New York and working in the tar and naval stores industries to pay off their passage, they found themselves landless, and in an undeveloped wilderness. The British failed to keep their promise to grant each immigrant 40 acres of land for emigrating. Many ventured to the unsettled Schoharie Valley backcountry and purchased land from Indians. They established seven villages. [3]
  • Large numbers of Irish and Germans came to New York cities in the mid-1800s. The Irish tended to settle in New York and other large cities, such as Albany, and along the canal. Large numbers of Germans settled in New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester.
  • New York was the destination for millions of southern and eastern Europeans, especially Italians and Russian Jews, from about 1890–1910.
  • According to immigration statistics, the state is a leading recipient of migrants from around the globe. New York State has the second-largest international immigrant population in the country among the American states, at 4.2 million as of 2008; most reside in and around New York City, due to its size, high profile, vibrant economy, and cosmopolitan culture. New York has a pro-sanctuary city law.
  • According to the U.S. Census Bureau, New York has a racial and ethnic makeup of 55.1% non-Hispanic whites, 14.2% blacks or African Americans, 0.2% American Indians or Alaska Natives, 8.6% Asians, 0.6% from some other race, 2.1% from two or more races, and 19.3% Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race. There were an estimated 3,725 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders in the state in 2019. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race were 17.6% of the population in 2010; 2.4% were of Mexican, 5.5% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 9.4% other Hispanic or Latino origin. According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry White American groups were Italian (13.0%), Irish (12.1%), German (10.3%), American (5.4%), and English (5.2%).[4]

New York Port Timeline

Time Period
 Receiving Station

Type of List

1624-1820 None A Few Scattered Lists
1820-1855 Various Wharfs

Custom Passenger Lists


1855-1890 Castle Garden

Custom Passenger Lists

(Including 1883-1897 transcripts)

1890-1891 Barge Office same as above
1892-1897 Ellis Island same as above
1897-1900 Barge Office Immigration Passenger Lists
1900-1924 Ellis Island Immigration Passenger Lists
1924 to Present U.S. Embassies Immigration Passenger Lists

Published Resources

Colonial Lists

Passenger lists for some colonial immigrants exist in compilations. The New York State Archives has microfilmed the New York customs house records dating from about 1730, but these do not name passengers. Many early immigrants are named in:

  • Filby, P. William. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–1996. Online at: Ancestry ($); (FS Library book Ref 973 W32p.) Most comprehensive index available of published passenger lists from 1607 to about 1900. Supplemental volumes have been issued annually. Some of the volumes are on microfilm.

A comprehensive list of about 140,000 immigrants to America from Britain is:

  • Coldham, Peter Wilson. The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1607–1776 and Emigrants in Bondage, 1614–1775. [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1996. Online at: Ancestry ($) - Includes New York immigrants. May show British hometown, emigration date, ship, destination, and text of the document abstract.

Immigration Records

Immigration refers to people coming into a country. Emigration refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's passenger lists collected at the port of entry. See Online Resources.

What can I find in them?

Information in Passenger Lists

  • Before 1820 - Passenger lists before 1820 included name, departure information and arrival details. The names of wives and children were often not included.
  • 1820-1891 - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin, but not the city or town of origin.
  • 1891-1954 - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
    • name, age, sex,
    • nationality, occupation, marital status,
    • last residence, final destination in the U.S.,
    • whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),
    • if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,
    • whether able to read and write,
    • whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
    • amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,
    • whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
    • whether the passenger was a polygamist,
    • and immigrant's state of health.
  • 1906-- - In 1906, the physical description and place of birth were included, and a year later, the name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin was included.

Information in Passports

Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:

  • Birthplace
  • Birth date
  • Naturalization information
  • Arrival information, if foreign born

In-Country Migration

Pre-Revolutionary War

  • Before 1775, settlement in New York was confined to the Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie, and Delaware valleys until after the Revolutionary War.
  • During and after the war, New Yorkers loyal to the King of England emigrated to Canada and elsewhere.
  • The Revolutionary War temporarily halted further expansion into the interior. Once the war was over, and the title to western lands was obtained from the Iroquois in 1786, New Englanders flocked to all parts of the state.
  • In the two decades after the war, 500,000 new settlers came into New York, and the state tripled its population.

Pre-Civil War

  • Before 1861, cities along migration routes such as Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo prospered.
  • Natives of other states such as New Jersey, Connecticut, and Vermont moved to New York in large numbers during the pre-Civil War era.

New York Migration Routes

Ellis Island, Castle Garden, etc. · Atlantic Coast Ports · Lake Champlain · Lake Erie · Lake Ontario · Long Island Sound · Hudson River · Mohawk River · St. Lawrence River · Chambly Canal · Champlain Canal · Delaware and Raritan Canal · [1] · Albany Post Road · Catskill Turnpike · Forbidden Path · Great Genesee Road · Great Shamokin Path · Greenwood Road · Hudson River Path · King's Highway · Boston Post Road · Lake Champlain Trail · Lake Shore Path · Lehigh and Lackawanna Paths · Minsi Path · Mohawk or Iroquois Trail · New York Turnpikes · Old Connecticut Path

For Further Reading

References

  1. ↑ Emma Lazarus, excerpt from The New Colossus in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia (accessed 21 March 2012).
  2. ↑ "Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.
  3. ↑ Henry Z. Jones, Ralph Connor, and Klaus Wust, German Origins of Jost Hite, Virginia Pioneer, 1685-1761 (Edinburg, Va.: Shenandoah History, c1979). FS Library Book 929.273 H637j.
  4. ↑ "New York (state)", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state), accessed 8 April 2021.
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