Zuid-Holland, Netherlands Genealogy: Difference between revisions

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[[The Netherlands|''The Netherlands'']] > '''Zuid-Holland'''  
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Guide to '''South Holland Province ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and military records.
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[[Image:The Netherlands Locator Map South Holland Province.png|thumb|200px|<center>South Holland Province</center>]]
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'''Dutch Genealogy Super DVD''' Includes all christenings in 157 small towns of Zuid-Holland over a period of 118 years, from 1695 to 1812. For more information see: [https://www.dutchgenealogy.com research tools] <br> That Super DVD lists the entire family. It takes a little time to figure out how to use it, but once you do, it is invaluable if you have ancestors in the small towns of South-Holland (does not include the big towns of Rotterdam, The Hague, Delft, etc.) You can see it at http://dutchgenealogy.com. By the way, the DVD also includes other records including wonderful records from the small towns around Utrecht provence. It does not have anythingl for the city of Utrecth, however
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|<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[The Netherlands Online Genealogy Records]]</span>
|<span class="community_button">[[FamilySearch Genealogy Research Groups|Ask the <br>Community]]</span></div>
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__TOC__


<br> more...
==History==
The province of South Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813.
After the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, most borders were restored to their situation before the French period. The north and south of Holland were reunited as the province of Holland but in 1840, it was decided to once again split Holland into North and South Holland. This was because the province was thought too dominant in area, population and wealth.<br>


|-
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Holland South Holland] (Wikipedia)
| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" | '''Events'''
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*(Your Bullets here)


<br>
== Background ==
*[[Zuid-Holland Municipalities before 2006|Municipalities before 2006]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Municipalities after 2006|Municipalities after 2006]]


|-
[[Image:2016-P08-Zuid-Holland-o.png|900px]]
| align="center" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: verdana;" | '''Topics'''
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*[[Zuid-Holland Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Biography|Biography]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Cemeteries|Cemeteries]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Census|Census]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Church History|Church History]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Church Records|Church Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Civil Registration - Vital Records|Civil Registration - Vital Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Court Records|Court Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Famous People|Famous People]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Gazetteers|Gazetteers]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Genealogy|Genealogy]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Genlias Vital Records|Genlias Vital Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Guardianship|Guardianship]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Handwriting|Handwriting]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Heraldry|Heraldry]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Historical Geography|Historical Geography]]
*[[Zuid-Holland History|History]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Jewish Records|Jewish Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Land and Property|Land and Property]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Language and Languages|Language and Languages]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Maps|Maps]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Military History|Military History]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Military Records|Military Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Minorities|Minorities]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Names, Geographical|Names, Geographical]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Names, Personal|Names, Personal]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Naturalization and Citizenship|Naturalization and Citizenship]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Nobility|Nobility]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Notarial Records|Notarial Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Periodicals|Periodicals]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Place Names|Place Names]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Population|Population]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Probate Records|Probate Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Public Records|Public Records]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Record Selection Table|Record Selection Table]]
*[[GZuid-Holland Societies|Societies]]
*[[Zuid-Holland Taxation|Taxation]]


|}
==Research Methods==
</div> <div style="float: right; width: 70%;">
'''Most of your genealogical research for Zuid-Holland  will be in three main record types: civil registration, church records and population registers. This article will teach you methods for locating and searching these three record groups.'''
[[Image:Tulips.JPG|thumb|left]]&nbsp;'''Keukenhof''', situated in Lisse, Nederland, is the largest tulip garden in the world.  
<br>
==Civil Registration (Burgelijke Stand)==
*'''Civil registration''' records are government records of births, marriages, and deaths.  Access to Netherlands Civil Registration records online is excellent. There is usually no longer any need to use microfilms from the FamilySearch Library, or to visit archives. Nearly all records have survived, since two copies were made of each record and stored separately. <br>


== Featured Content ==
*'''Dates:''' Civil registration began 1 March 1811 while under French rule. Law allows birth records up to 1915, marriage records up to 1940 and death records up to 1965 to be released to the public as of 2016. Archives can be up to 10 years behind putting them online.
*'''Contents:'''
**'''Births(''Geboorten''):''' Child’s name, birth date and place; parents’ names, ages, residence, and occupation: witnesses’ name, ages, occupations, residences; yearly indexes.
**'''Marriages(''Huwelijken''):''' Bride and groom names, ages, residences, occupations, birth places; date and place of the marriage; parents' names, residences, occupations, whether living; the names of the witnesses, their ages, occupations, residence, and relationship to the bride or groom, if any; and officer who performed ceremony, former spouses, yearly indexes.
**'''Marriage supplements(''Huwelijksbijlagen''):''' Copies of birth or baptism records of bride and groom; military conscription record of groom, containing name, birthdate, and parents, and sometimes a physical description; copies of death or burial records of deceased former spouses; copies of death or burial records of parents, if the marrying person is under 30 (and sometimes if they are over 30); (pre-1850), if both parents are dead, death or burial records of grandparents.
**'''Death registers(''Overlijdens''):''' Deceased's name, age, death date and place, occupation, birth place; name of spouse(s), parents’ names; names of the witnesses, their ages, occupations, residence, and relationship if any.
*To learn more about The Netherlands Civil Registration, read [[Netherlands Civil Registration|'''Netherlands Civil Registration''']].


(Add text and/or an image here)


== Jurisdictions  ==
=== Online Digital Records for Civil Registration ===
Digital copies of civil registration can be searched online:<br>
*[http://wiewaswie.nl WieWasWie], basic version free, index with some images.
*[[OpenArch]]
*{{RecordSearch|1576401| Netherlands, Zuid-Holland Province, Civil Registration, 1679-1942}}, free, partial index with complete images
*[http://www.gahetna.nl/vraagbaak/onderzoeksgids/burgerlijke-stand-zuid-holland-vanaf-1811 South Holland Civil Registry from 1811]
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10451/rotterdam-netherlands-birth-index-1811-1913?s=275764761 Rotterdam, Netherlands, Birth Index, 1811-1913] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10453/rotterdam-netherlands-marriage-index-1811-1935?s=275764761 Rotterdam, Netherlands, Marriage Index, 1811-1935] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10452/rotterdam-netherlands-death-index-1811-1960?s=275764761 Rotterdam, Netherlands, Death Index, 1811-1960] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10401/netherlands-leiden-births-1810-1913?s=275764761 Leiden, Netherlands, Births, 1810-1913] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10406/netherlands-leiden-deaths-1811-1960?s=275764761 Leiden, Netherlands, Deaths, 1811-1960] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10561/netherlands-civil-births-1811-1915?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords Netherlands, Civil Births, 1811-1915] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10562/netherlands-civil-marriages-1811-1940?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords Netherlands, Civil Marriages, 1811-1940] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10563/netherlands-civil-deaths-1811-1965?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords Netherlands, Civil Deaths, 1811-1965] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)


(Add text and/or an image here)  
== Church Records (DTB) ==
*Church records are the main sources for births, marriages and deaths in the Netherlands between about 1550 and 1811.They recorded baptisms (or circumcisions), marriages and burials and sometimes confirmations, membership records and conversions.
*In the late 1500s Churches began to mandate that registers of baptisms and marriages were kept. Burials were often not recorded at first. Records do not always exist for the period before 1700.
*Records kept by Catholics are written in Latin. Most other records will be written in Dutch.
*The main types of Church records are
**'''Baptisms(''Dopen''):''' Child’s name,baptism date, sometimes birth date, parents’ names and residence: witnesses’ name.
**'''Marriages(''Trouwen''):''' Bride and groom names, sometimes ages, residences and/or birthplace, date and place of the marriage; parents' names,; the names of the witnesses and relationship to the bride or groom, if any, former spouses.
**'''Burials(''Begraven''):''' Deceased's name, death date and place, name of spouse(s),


== Did you know?  ==
*Church records continued to be kept after the introduction of civil registration, but after 1811 they were mostly superseded by Civil Registration.
*To learn more about church records, see [[Netherlands Church Records|'''Netherlands Church Records''']].


Fribourg is a French and German speaking canton.&nbsp; It joined the Swiss Confederation in 1481 and has 266 communities.  
===Online Digital Records for Church Records ===
*[http://www.gahetna.nl/vraagbaak/onderzoeksgids/doop-trouw-en-begraafboeken-zuid-holland-voor-1811 South Holland Church Books in the National Archive]
*[http://wiewaswie.nl WieWasWie],
*[[OpenArch]]
* [http://geneaknowhow.net Geneaknowhow]
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/netherlands-births-and-baptisms-1564-1910 Netherlands Births & Baptisms 1564-1910] at Findmypast - index ($)
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/netherlands-marriages-1565-1892 Netherlands Marriages 1565-1892] at Findmypast - index ($)
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/netherlands-deaths-and-burials-1668-1945 Netherlands Deaths & Burials 1668-1945] at Findmypast - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10564/netherlands-church-baptisms-1580-1811?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords  Netherlands, Church Baptisms, 1580-1811] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10566/netherlands-church-burials-1601-1811?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords Netherlands, Church Burials, 1601-1811] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10565/netherlands-church-marriages-1580-1811?utm_source=organic_blog&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=supersearch&tr_funnel=supersearch&tr_country=US&tr_creative=sep19historicalrecords&utm_content=sep19historicalrecords Netherlands, Church Marriages, 1580-1811] at MyHeritage - index ($)
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10403/netherlands-leiden-baptisms-1600-1825?s=275764761 Netherlands, Leiden Baptisms, 1600-1825] at MyHeritage - index and images ($)
*{{RecordSearch|2037907|Netherlands, Zuid-Holland Province, Church Records 1076-1916}} free, browsable images - [[Netherlands, Zuid-Holland Province, Church Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]
.
**Use [https://www.genealogiewerkbalk.nl/fs/? Genealogie Werkbalk] to find the correct set of images on FamilySearch.
'''Regional Archives'''
*[https://www.erfgoedleiden.nl/collecties/personen Erfgoed Leiden en omstreken] for Hillegom, Katwijk, Leiden, Leiderdorp, Noordwijk, Noordwijkerhout, Oegstgeest, Teylingen and Zoeterwoude
*[http://www.streekarchiefrijnlandsmidden.nl/archiefbank?mivast=0&mizig=100&miadt=105&milang=nl&miview=tbl&nores=1 Streekarchief Rijnlands Midden] for Niewkoop, Alphen aan de Rijn and Kaag en Braassem
*[http://www.samh.nl/genealogie/ Streekarchief Midden Holland] for Gouda, Krimpen aan den IJssel, Krimpenerwaard, Waddinxveen and Zuidplas
*[http://www.stadsarchief.rotterdam.nl/en Rotterdam Stadsarchief] for Rotterdam, Albrandswaard, Barendrecht, Lansingerland and Ridderkerk
*[http://www.archief-delft.nl/ Delft Archief] for Delft, Midden-Delfland, Pijnacker-Nootdorp and Rijswijk(ZH)
*[http://www.regionaalarchiefdordrecht.nl/archief/ Regionaal Archief Dordrecht] for Dordrecht, Alblasserdam, Binnenmaas, Cromstrijen, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Korendijk, Molenwaard, Oud-Beijerland, Papendrecht, Sliedrecht, Strijen en Zwijndrecht.
*[http://www.streekarchiefvpr.nl/pages/nl/zoeken-in-collecties/genealogische-akten.php Streek Archief Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg] for Voorne-Putten en Rozenburg
*[http://gemeentearchief.wassenaar.nl/atlantispubliek/Default.aspx?modules=Akten%20en%20registers# Archief van Voorschooten en Wassenaar] for Wassenaar and Voorschoten
*[https://www.genealogieonline.nl/genealogische-databank-vlaardingen/ Genealogisch Databank Vlaardingen] for Vlaardingen and Maassluis


== Research Tools  ==
Note that some Regional Archives have not put their records online. Most notable is 's-Gravenhage (The Hague)


(Add text and/or an image here)  
== Population Registers (Bevolkingregisters) ==
See [[Netherlands Population|Netherlands Population]] for further information.<br>


<br>
From 1850 onwards the Government has recorded the address and basic details such as name, birthdate, birthplace, occupation and religion of all residents of the Netherlands.


== (Additional Heading) ==
*From 1850-1940 these are on paper and public.
*From 1940-1994 these are on paper and can be viewed on request (see below)
*From 1994-present these are in digital format and can be viewed on request (see below)


(Your text or images here)
=== Accessing Population Registers ===


== (Additional Heading)  ==
* From 1850-1940
**[http://www.geneaknowhow.net/digi/bronnen.html Geneaknowhow]. Click on "Internet" under Zuid-Holland in the left sidebar.
**{{RecordSearch|2018408|Netherlands Census and Population Registers, 1574-1940}} at FamilySearch, free, images.
**[[OpenArch]] and{{RecordSearch|2821274|Netherlands, Archival Indexes, Population Registers}} at FamilySearch, free, index and images.
**Regional Archives. See [[Netherlands Regional Websites]]


(Your text or images here, or use the table below:)
*From 1940 onwards. The records are only public if the person has been deceased for about two years. You must contact the [http://cbg.nl/diensten/onderzoeksvragen/ Central Bureau for Genealogy], fill in an application form and pay the fee as explained on their website. Email it to '''''pkpl@cbg.nl''''' . If the record is found, it will also contain details about the main person's parents, spouse and children. Some information may be blanked out in the case of people deceased relatively recently.


{| width="99%" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
==Reading the Records==
|-
'''
| valign="top" align="left" |
*Records are most commonly written in Dutch or Latin. '''You do not have to be fluent these languages to read your documents!''' Genealogical records usually contain a limited vocabulary. Use this [[Netherlands Language and Languages|'''Dutch Genealogical Word List''']] to translate the important points in the document.
*(Your Bullet)
*(Your Bullet)
 
| valign="top" align="left" |  
*(Your Bullet)
*(Your Bullet)


| valign="top" align="left" |  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/beginner-dutch-handwriting-quirks-dutch-names Beginner Dutch Handwriting] - 18 video lessons
*(Your Bullet)
*[[Media:1-NL_Civil_Registration_Birth_Records-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Birth Records]] - handout
*(Your Bullet)
*[[Media:1-NL_Marriage_Records_in_Paragraph_Format-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Marriage Records]] - handout
*[[Media:1-NL_Civil_Registration_Death_Records-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Death Records]] - handout
<br>


|}
== Tips for Finding Your Ancestor in the Records ==
*Effective use of civil registration and church records includes the following strategies:
#Identify your ancestor by finding his '''birth or christening record.'''
#When you find an ancestor’s birth or baptismal record, search for the '''births of siblings'''.<br>
#Search for the '''parents’ marriage record'''. Typically, the marriage took place one or two years before the oldest child was born.
#Search for the '''parents' birth records.''' On the average, people married in their early 20s, so subtact 25 or so years from the marriage date for a starting year to search for the parents' birth records.
#Search the '''death registers for all family members.'''
#If you do not find earlier generations in the parish registers, search neighboring parishes.<br>


== Things you can do  ==
*Marriages were usually performed and recorded '''where the bride lived.'''
*Do not overlook the '''importance of death records.''' Death records are especially helpful because they may provide important information about a person’s birth, spouse, and parents. Civil death records often exist for individuals for whom there are no birth or marriage records.


(In order to make this wiki a better research tool, we need your help! Many tasks need to be done. You can help by:<br>
==Websites==


{| width="98%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0"
|-
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*[[Edit a page|Expand an article]] or [[Special:Shortpages|short page]]
*[[How to author an article in the Wiki|Create a new article]]
*[[How to categorize an article|Categorize articles]]


|
[[Category:Zuid-Holland Province, Netherlands]]
*[[Create an external link|Add external links to articles]]
*[[Create an internal link|Add internal links to articles]]
*Other...
 
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[[Category:The_Netherlands]]

Latest revision as of 17:01, 6 December 2023

Guide to South Holland Province ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and military records.

Zuid-Holland Wiki Topics
North-Holland flag.png
Beginning Research
Zuid-Holland Background
Local Research Resources
South Holland Province
Ask the
Community


History

The province of South Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813. After the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, most borders were restored to their situation before the French period. The north and south of Holland were reunited as the province of Holland but in 1840, it was decided to once again split Holland into North and South Holland. This was because the province was thought too dominant in area, population and wealth.

South Holland (Wikipedia)

Background

2016-P08-Zuid-Holland-o.png

Research Methods

Most of your genealogical research for Zuid-Holland will be in three main record types: civil registration, church records and population registers. This article will teach you methods for locating and searching these three record groups.

Civil Registration (Burgelijke Stand)

  • Civil registration records are government records of births, marriages, and deaths. Access to Netherlands Civil Registration records online is excellent. There is usually no longer any need to use microfilms from the FamilySearch Library, or to visit archives. Nearly all records have survived, since two copies were made of each record and stored separately.
  • Dates: Civil registration began 1 March 1811 while under French rule. Law allows birth records up to 1915, marriage records up to 1940 and death records up to 1965 to be released to the public as of 2016. Archives can be up to 10 years behind putting them online.
  • Contents:
    • Births(Geboorten): Child’s name, birth date and place; parents’ names, ages, residence, and occupation: witnesses’ name, ages, occupations, residences; yearly indexes.
    • Marriages(Huwelijken): Bride and groom names, ages, residences, occupations, birth places; date and place of the marriage; parents' names, residences, occupations, whether living; the names of the witnesses, their ages, occupations, residence, and relationship to the bride or groom, if any; and officer who performed ceremony, former spouses, yearly indexes.
    • Marriage supplements(Huwelijksbijlagen): Copies of birth or baptism records of bride and groom; military conscription record of groom, containing name, birthdate, and parents, and sometimes a physical description; copies of death or burial records of deceased former spouses; copies of death or burial records of parents, if the marrying person is under 30 (and sometimes if they are over 30); (pre-1850), if both parents are dead, death or burial records of grandparents.
    • Death registers(Overlijdens): Deceased's name, age, death date and place, occupation, birth place; name of spouse(s), parents’ names; names of the witnesses, their ages, occupations, residence, and relationship if any.
  • To learn more about The Netherlands Civil Registration, read Netherlands Civil Registration.


Online Digital Records for Civil Registration

Digital copies of civil registration can be searched online:

Church Records (DTB)

  • Church records are the main sources for births, marriages and deaths in the Netherlands between about 1550 and 1811.They recorded baptisms (or circumcisions), marriages and burials and sometimes confirmations, membership records and conversions.
  • In the late 1500s Churches began to mandate that registers of baptisms and marriages were kept. Burials were often not recorded at first. Records do not always exist for the period before 1700.
  • Records kept by Catholics are written in Latin. Most other records will be written in Dutch.
  • The main types of Church records are
    • Baptisms(Dopen): Child’s name,baptism date, sometimes birth date, parents’ names and residence: witnesses’ name.
    • Marriages(Trouwen): Bride and groom names, sometimes ages, residences and/or birthplace, date and place of the marriage; parents' names,; the names of the witnesses and relationship to the bride or groom, if any, former spouses.
    • Burials(Begraven): Deceased's name, death date and place, name of spouse(s),
  • Church records continued to be kept after the introduction of civil registration, but after 1811 they were mostly superseded by Civil Registration.
  • To learn more about church records, see Netherlands Church Records.

Online Digital Records for Church Records

.

Regional Archives

Note that some Regional Archives have not put their records online. Most notable is 's-Gravenhage (The Hague)

Population Registers (Bevolkingregisters)

See Netherlands Population for further information.

From 1850 onwards the Government has recorded the address and basic details such as name, birthdate, birthplace, occupation and religion of all residents of the Netherlands.

  • From 1850-1940 these are on paper and public.
  • From 1940-1994 these are on paper and can be viewed on request (see below)
  • From 1994-present these are in digital format and can be viewed on request (see below)

Accessing Population Registers

  • From 1940 onwards. The records are only public if the person has been deceased for about two years. You must contact the Central Bureau for Genealogy, fill in an application form and pay the fee as explained on their website. Email it to pkpl@cbg.nl . If the record is found, it will also contain details about the main person's parents, spouse and children. Some information may be blanked out in the case of people deceased relatively recently.

Reading the Records

  • Records are most commonly written in Dutch or Latin. You do not have to be fluent these languages to read your documents! Genealogical records usually contain a limited vocabulary. Use this Dutch Genealogical Word List to translate the important points in the document.


Tips for Finding Your Ancestor in the Records

  • Effective use of civil registration and church records includes the following strategies:
  1. Identify your ancestor by finding his birth or christening record.
  2. When you find an ancestor’s birth or baptismal record, search for the births of siblings.
  3. Search for the parents’ marriage record. Typically, the marriage took place one or two years before the oldest child was born.
  4. Search for the parents' birth records. On the average, people married in their early 20s, so subtact 25 or so years from the marriage date for a starting year to search for the parents' birth records.
  5. Search the death registers for all family members.
  6. If you do not find earlier generations in the parish registers, search neighboring parishes.
  • Marriages were usually performed and recorded where the bride lived.
  • Do not overlook the importance of death records. Death records are especially helpful because they may provide important information about a person’s birth, spouse, and parents. Civil death records often exist for individuals for whom there are no birth or marriage records.

Websites