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''[[United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Land and Property|U.S. Land and Property]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Virginia|Virginia ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Virginia_Land_and_Property|Land and Property]]'' | ''[[United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Land and Property|U.S. Land and Property]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Virginia|Virginia ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Virginia_Land_and_Property|Land and Property]]'' | ||
[[Image:384px-Land grant Hugh Mercer's Heirs Thomas Jefferson 1780.jpg|thumb|right|200px]] | [[Image:384px-Land grant Hugh Mercer's Heirs Thomas Jefferson 1780.jpg|thumb|right|200px|384px-Land grant Hugh Mercer's Heirs Thomas Jefferson 1780.jpg]] | ||
== Colonial and State Land Grants == | === Colonial and State Land Grants === | ||
Virginia has been a state-land state in which property has been distributed by the colony or state rather than the federal government. Various methods of distributing land have been used. | Virginia has been a state-land state in which property has been distributed by the colony or state rather than the federal government. Various methods of distributing land have been used. | ||
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Land Patent Process | |||
==== Land Patent Process ==== | |||
'''Obtaining a Patent.''' A settler petitioned a clerk of the county for a patent. The clerk made out a warrant certificate that was sent to the secretary of the colony where it was recorded, and a second certificate was made authorizing a survey. The surveyor sent his survey plat to the office of the surveyor-general which was established in 1623. The survey plat was returned to the secretary of the colony, and the original or a copy was kept by the surveyor-general's office. The secretary then made out the patent from the survey plat. The patent was approved by the council and governor. | '''Obtaining a Patent.''' A settler petitioned a clerk of the county for a patent. The clerk made out a warrant certificate that was sent to the secretary of the colony where it was recorded, and a second certificate was made authorizing a survey. The surveyor sent his survey plat to the office of the surveyor-general which was established in 1623. The survey plat was returned to the secretary of the colony, and the original or a copy was kept by the surveyor-general's office. The secretary then made out the patent from the survey plat. The patent was approved by the council and governor. | ||
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The individual who received a patent could sell it to someone else. In this case, the name of the second buyer was often written on the back of the patent and was recorded by the secretary of the colony's office or, after 1623, in the county court records. | The individual who received a patent could sell it to someone else. In this case, the name of the second buyer was often written on the back of the patent and was recorded by the secretary of the colony's office or, after 1623, in the county court records. | ||
=== Records<br> === | === Records<br> === | ||
'''Finding the Records'''. Lists of headright grants and the names of persons brought to Virginia from 1623 to 1732 were recorded in the county court records and in the secretary of the colony's records. The Library of Virginia has these records as well as other grant records and various card indexes. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of: | '''Finding the Records'''. Lists of headright grants and the names of persons brought to Virginia from 1623 to 1732 were recorded in the county court records and in the secretary of the colony's records. The Library of Virginia has these records as well as other grant records and various card indexes. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of: | ||
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*Nugent, Nell Marion. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants''. 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Dietz Print.: Virginia State Library: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-2005. {{FHL|76227|item|disp=FHL Books 975.5 R2n v. 1-8}}. Helps determine residence and sometimes relationships. | *Nugent, Nell Marion. ''Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents and Grants''. 8 vols. Richmond, Va.: Dietz Print.: Virginia State Library: Virginia Genealogical Society, 1934-2005. {{FHL|76227|item|disp=FHL Books 975.5 R2n v. 1-8}}. Helps determine residence and sometimes relationships. | ||
Northern Neck Proprietors maintained their own records:<br> | Northern Neck Proprietors maintained their own records:<br> | ||
*Gray, Gertrude E. ''Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants''. (1694-1862) 4 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987-1993. {{FHL|511490|item|disp=FHL Book 975.52 R2g v. 1-4}}.<br> | *Gray, Gertrude E. ''Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants''. (1694-1862) 4 vols. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987-1993. {{FHL|511490|item|disp=FHL Book 975.52 R2g v. 1-4}}.<br> | ||
*Joyner, Peggy Shomo. ''Abstracts of Virginia's Northern Neck Warrants and Surveys''. (1653-1781) 5 vols. Portsmouth, Va.: P.S. Joyner, 1985-1987, 1995. {{FHL|476302|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 R2j v. 1-v. 5}}.<br> | *Joyner, Peggy Shomo. ''Abstracts of Virginia's Northern Neck Warrants and Surveys''. (1653-1781) 5 vols. Portsmouth, Va.: P.S. Joyner, 1985-1987, 1995. {{FHL|476302|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 R2j v. 1-v. 5}}.<br> | ||
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*Robinson, W. Stitt. ''Mother Earth—Land Grants in Virginia, 1607-1699''. Williamsburg: 350th Anniversary Celebration Corp., 1957. {{FHL|64845|item}}, book 975.5 A1 no. 81. | *Robinson, W. Stitt. ''Mother Earth—Land Grants in Virginia, 1607-1699''. Williamsburg: 350th Anniversary Celebration Corp., 1957. {{FHL|64845|item}}, book 975.5 A1 no. 81. | ||
== Transfers of Land between Individuals == | === Transfers of Land between Individuals === | ||
Land transactions after the original patent was issued have been recorded in county deed books. Many independent cities in Virginia also kept their own records. You can obtain copies by contacting the appropriate clerk's office—usually the clerk of the circuit court. | Land transactions after the original patent was issued have been recorded in county deed books. Many independent cities in Virginia also kept their own records. The original deed books are kept in courthouses. You can obtain copies by contacting the appropriate clerk's office—usually the clerk of the circuit court. | ||
The [[Family History Library]] has microfilm copies of most pre-1880 land records and indexes. | The [[Family History Library]] has microfilm copies of most pre-1880 land records and indexes. | ||
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{{Virginia|Virginia}} {{U.S. Land and Property}} | {{Virginia|Virginia}} {{U.S. Land and Property}} | ||
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[[Category:Virginia|Land]] | [[Category:Virginia|Land]] | ||