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Ancram Turnpike
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=== Background History === | === Background History === | ||
The '''Catskill Turnpike''' was an important early route for Massachusetts and Connecticut emigrants headed for western New York and beyond. From 1804 to 1824 about 300,000 mostly New Englanders settled in the counties along the turnpike and its extensions.<ref name="Gall">Lyman H. Gallagher, "The Catskill Turnpike in Stage Coach and Tavern Days," ''Crooked Lake Review'' (Fall 2005) at http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/136_167/137fall2005/137palmer2.html (accessed 28 December 2011).</ref> | The '''Catskill Turnpike''' was an important early route for Massachusetts and Connecticut emigrants headed for western New York and beyond. From 1804 to 1824 about 300,000 mostly New Englanders settled in the counties along the turnpike and its extensions.<ref name="Gall">Lyman H. Gallagher, "The Catskill Turnpike in Stage Coach and Tavern Days," ''Crooked Lake Review'' (Fall 2005) at http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/136_167/137fall2005/137palmer2.html (accessed 28 December 2011).</ref> | ||
In | In 1800 the New York legislature commissioned turnpikes (toll roads), inspectors, mail, and stagecoach service from the Hudson River to the Susquehanna River. Tolls were to be collected at gates every ten miles. Once stagecoach service began, inns soon followed.<ref name="Gall" /> | ||
One of these roads called the '''''Ulster and Delaware Turnpike''''' (or '''''Jericho''''', or '''''Esopus Turnpike''''') went from Rhinebeck-Kingston to Bainbridge (formerly Jerico). Another called the '''''Susquehanna Turnpike''''' went from Catskill to Unadilla, a few miles from Bainbridge. Stock companies were formed to raise the money, build, and maintain the roads. In 1804 the legislature authorized an extension called the '''Catskill Turnpike''' from the end of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike at Baibridge west to Bath. The Catskill Turnpike name eventually also became associated with the route from Bainbridge-Unadilla to Catskill.<ref name="Gall" /> | One of these roads called the '''''Ulster and Delaware Turnpike''''' (or '''''Jericho''''', or '''''Esopus Turnpike''''') went from Rhinebeck-Kingston to Bainbridge (formerly Jerico). Another called the '''''Susquehanna Turnpike''''' went from Catskill to Unadilla, a few miles from Bainbridge. Stock companies were formed to raise the money, build, and maintain the roads. In 1804 the legislature authorized an extension called the '''Catskill Turnpike''' from the end of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike at Baibridge west to Bath. The Catskill Turnpike name eventually also became associated with the route from Bainbridge-Unadilla to Catskill.<ref name="Gall" /> | ||
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Stagecoaches usually took four days and nights to drive from Ithaca to Catskill. This service continued year around even in the snow. Some years the traffic was so heavy two passenger coaches were hitched together followed by a baggage wagon. Before the railroads, cattle drovers also used the turnpike to take their herds to market usually in Dutchess County.<ref name="Gall" /> | Stagecoaches usually took four days and nights to drive from Ithaca to Catskill. This service continued year around even in the snow. Some years the traffic was so heavy two passenger coaches were hitched together followed by a baggage wagon. Before the railroads, cattle drovers also used the turnpike to take their herds to market usually in Dutchess County.<ref name="Gall" /> | ||
Competition from railroads and the Erie Canal was responsible for a decline in turnpike traffic and revenues after 1830. | Soon after it was built the turnpike began to turn a profit. It was most prosperous from 1820 to 1830. Competition from railroads and the Erie Canal was responsible for a decline in turnpike traffic and revenues after 1830. The western parts of the road were abandoned by the stock company, and the number of toll gates in Greene County was gradually reduced from ten in 1830, to five in 1842, and three in 1884.<ref>J. G. Beers, "The Susquehanna Turnpike" (1884) appearing in Susquehanna Turnpike.org at http://www.susquehannaturnpike.net/15301/index.html (accessed 28 December 2011).</ref> | ||
=== Route === | === Route === | ||
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The migration pathways connected at the east end of the '''Catskill Turnpike''' in [[Catskill, New York]] included: | The migration pathways connected at the east end of the '''Catskill Turnpike''' in [[Catskill, New York]] included: | ||
:*[[Catskill Road or Ancram Turnpike]]<ref>"Map & Timeline: 1800 to 2020 (and Beyond)" in Susquehanna Turnpike.org at http://www.susquehannaturnpike.net/15901.html (accessed 28 December 2011).</ref> | |||
:*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River Hudson River] a navigable river stretching from north of [[Albany, New York|Albany]] then flowing south to empty into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean] at [[New York City, New York|New York City]] | :*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_River Hudson River] a navigable river stretching from north of [[Albany, New York|Albany]] then flowing south to empty into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean] at [[New York City, New York|New York City]] | ||