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| {{GFR-sidebar}} | | [[Image:{{wohlchur}}]]''[[Germans from Russia|Germans from Russia]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]'' '''Church Records'''<br> |
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| ==Introduction==
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| Catherine the Great’s 1763 manifesto granted the freedom of religion and fostered the migration of Catholic, Lutheran, Hutterite and Mennonite colonists into the Russian Empire. Because civil records were not mandated in Russia until 1918, these various churches were primarily responsible for recording vital events. Churches typically recorded the ordinances of baptism, marriage and burial that are associated with birth, marriage and death. Many of these church records remain in Russian archives; however, there are some records available online or as published works. Understanding religious jurisdictions helps you understand what kind of records are available and where they ended up. Read on to discover information about Lutheran and Catholic religious jurisdictions.
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| ====Lutheran Jurisdictions and History====
| | Many churches keep records of baptisms, christenings, confirmations, marriages, burials, memberships, admissions, and removals. Some keep minutes of church meetings and the histories of their local churches. Each church has its own policies on record keeping. |
| In 1832, Tsar Nicholas I created the General Evangelical Lutheran Consistory, which was divided into eight consistorial districts – six in the Baltics and two others: the St. Petersburg and Moscow Consistories. The St. Petersburg Consistory included the western part of the empire, extending down into the Black Sea area while the Moscow Consistory stretched eastwards into the Volga region, the Caucasus as well as Siberia and Central Asia (see the Lutheran Consistory Map below).
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| Each consistorial district contained individual parishes that often served multiple localities. Each parish was responsible for keeping records of baptisms, marriages and deaths. Beginning in January of 1833, parishes were also required to keep a duplicate copy of vital records to send to the consistorial headquarters. The St. Petersburg duplicate church book records are available through FamilySearch, while the location of the Moscow Consistory’s duplicate church records is currently unknown.
| | A limited amount of church record transcripts of Germans from Russia are available via computer network. See the “[[Germans from Russia Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]” page of this Wiki article for more details. Edlund, Thomas Kent. ''The Lutherans of Russia: Parish Index to the Church Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Consistory of St. Petersburg, 1833-1885''. St. Paul, Minn.: Germanic Genealogical Society, 1994. (FHL book 947.2 K23e 1995; on 5 fiche 6001716) which unindexed images are now available on the Internet a [http://pilot.familysearch.org/recordsearch/start.html#p=collectionDetails;c=1469151;t=browsable;w=0 Record Search - Pilot]. Describes the contents of Family History Library collection of Lutheran parish register transcripts for the provinces of Alaska, Archangelsk, Bessarabia, Chernigov, Cherson, Don Cossack, Jaroslavl, Jekaterinoslav, Kiev, Kostroma, Novgorod, Olonets, Pokolia, Poltava, Pskov, Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Tavrida, Volhynia, and Vologda. Indexes town names in: Evangelische Kirche. Konsistorum Petersburg (Rußland). ''Kirchenbuchduplikat, 1833-1885'' (Parish Register Transcripts, 1833-1885). Salt Lake City: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1994. (on 135 FHL films starting with 1792290). Text in German. Arranged by archive numbers and register years. |
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| [[File:Screen Shot 2020-07-15 at 9.10.22 AM.png| 500px| Map illustrating the Moscow and St. Petersburg Consistories. The Moscow Consistory extends to the eastern edge of the Empire. ]] | | Records for some of the above listed Ukrainian districts have been extracted and indexed on the [http://www.odessa3.org/collections/stpete/ Odessa3 website]. The [http://www.sggee.org Society for German Genealogy in Eastern Europe] has extracted and indexed Kiev and Podolia regions and has updated and corrected Volhynia extractions previously posted on the Odessa3 site. This work is in progress with large portions completed. Originals of the records for all the above listed districts are now available to view on line at the new [http://pilot.familysearch.org/recordsearch/start.html#start pilot project on the LDS website] (click on "Asia", then on Russian Lutheran Church Book Duplicates). |
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| ====Catholic Jurisdictions and History====
| | Records from churches in the Volga River district are kept in Saratov and Engels Archives. The [http://www.ahsgr.org American Historical Society of Germans from Russia] works with a Dr. Pleve to extract family lineage charts from those records with significant cost and long wait periods associated with the project. Full details are on their website. |
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| | '''The Evangelical-Lutheran marriages in Smolensk 1834-1870''' |
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| Catherine the Great established the Catholic Archdiocese of Mogilev in 1772, which served all Catholics who lived within the Russian Empire (see the Catholic Diocese of Mogilev map located below). In 1848, the Diocese of Kherson was established and the boundaries of the diocese were drawn so as to include all of the German colonies. In 1852, the diocese was renamed and became the Diocese of Tiraspol (see the Catholic Diocese of Kherson/Tiraspol map located below). Individual parishes kept church records. Original church records for the Black Sea region are available at the State Archives of the Saratov Oblast, while select Catholic records for the Volga region are available through FamilySearch.org.
| | Smolensk became the home of many German officers, bureaucrats, merchants, craftsmen and just before WWI many farmers. They founded a church in 1857. In the year 1862 the parish of Smolensk had 403 parishioners. In 1941 there were three volumes of church records still in existence: |
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| [[File:Screen Shot 2020-07-15 at 9.13.25 AM.png|500px|Map detailing the Catholic Archdiocese of Mogilev.]]
| | 1. Births 1834-1917 |
| [[File:Screen Shot 2020-07-15 at 9.14.08 AM.png|500px|Map of Catholic Diocese of Kherson which was later renamed diocese of Tiraspol in 1852.]]
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| ==How to Access the Records==
| | 2. Marriages 1834-1918 |
| Research techniques, strategies and resources vary depending upon religion and geographical area. To learn about records and resources available for your ancestor, find the source table below for your ancestor’s religion. Instructions on how to use these sources are found in the corresponding headings found in this Wiki page.
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| {| class="wikitable"
| | 3. Deaths 1834-1918 |
| |+Sources for Lutheran Germans from Russia
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| !Black Sea Region
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| !Volga Region
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| '''1833-1885''' {{RecordSearch|1469151|Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates, 1833-1885}} at FamilySearch - [[Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]], [[Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates - FamilySearch Historical Records Coverage Table|Coverage Table]]; index & images
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| '''1748-1934''' {{RecordSearch|1807365|Russia, Samara, Church Books 1748-1934}} at FamilySearch - [[Russia, Samara, Church Books - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]], [[Russia, Samara, Church Books, Coverage Table - FamilySearch Historical Records|Coverage Table]]; index & images
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Church Records|FamilySearch Catalog - Parish Records]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Church Records|FamilySearch Catalog - Parish Records]]
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| |[https://blackseagr.org/ Black Sea German Research], [[Russia "How to" Guides#Germans from Russia|Germans from Russia "How to" Guides]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Published Translations|Published Translations]]
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| |[http://odessa3.org/ Odessa Digital Library]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Village Coordinators|Village Coordinators]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Published Translations|Published Translations]]
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| ----
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Village Coordinators|Village Coordinators]]
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| ----
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Sources for Catholic Germans from Russia
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| !Black Sea Region
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| !Volga Region
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| |[https://blackseagr.org/ Black Sea German Research], [[Russia "How to" Guides#Germans from Russia|Germans from Russia "How to" Guides]]
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| '''1748-1934''' {{RecordSearch|1807365|Russia, Samara, Church Books 1748-1934}} at FamilySearch - [[Russia, Samara, Church Books - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]], [[Russia, Samara, Church Books, Coverage Table - FamilySearch Historical Records|Coverage Table]]; index & images
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Published Translations|Published Translations]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Church Records|FamilySearch Catalog - Parish Records]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Village Coordinators|Village Coordinators]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Published Translations|Published Translations]]
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| ----
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Village Coordinators|Village Coordinators]]
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
| | All registers, except the birth registers were then in good repair. Entries were made in German until 1891, from 1892 to 1918 the Russian language was used. |
| |+Sources for Mennonite Germans in Russia
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| !Black Sea and Volga Regions
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| |[https://mgr.mennonitegenealogy.com/russia/ Mennonite Genealogy Resources]
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| |[https://mennonitehistory.org/church-records/ Mennonite Historical Society of Alberta]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Mennonite Heritage Archives|Mennonite Heritage Center Archive]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Published Translations|Published Translations]]
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| |[[Germans from Russia Church Records#Village Coordinators|Village Coordinators]]
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| |}
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| ===Lutheran Church Book Duplicates, 1833-1885===
| | The author, Roland Seeberg-Elverfeldt, made a list of all marriage entries between 1834 and 1879, which he did in 1941. Mr. Seeberg-Elverfeldt remarks that not all marriages were performed in Smolensk but as far away as Moscow and St. Petersburg. |
| In 1832, Tsar Nicholas I created the General Evangelical Lutheran Consistory. The Consistory was divided into eight consistorial districts - six in the Baltics and two others: the St. Petersburg and Moscow Consistories. The St. Petersburg Consistory included the western part of the empire, extending down into the Black Sea area while the Moscow Consistory stretched eastwards into the Volga region, the Caucasus as well as Siberia and Central Asia. Within the consistories were individual parishes that often served multiple localities. These parishes were responsible for keeping records of baptisms, marriages, and deaths. Beginning in January of 1833, parishes were also required to keep a duplicate copy of vital records to send to the consistorial headquarters. The St. Petersburg duplicate church book records are available through FamilySearch, while the location of the Moscow Consistory's duplicate church records is currently unknown.
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| Duplicates of records kept by individual parishes were sent to the consistorial office in St. Petersburg. These duplicate records were stored in the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg and are now partially indexed and available through FamilySearch in the ''Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates, 1833-1885'' collection. To access this indexed collection, visit [http://familysearch.org/search/collection/1469151 familysearch.org/search/collection/1469151].Search for your ancestor using identifying information such as first and last names, or birth, marriage and death information. This collection is only partially indexed and does not reflect all of the duplicate church book records available through FamilySearch. If you are unable to find your ancestor using the FamilySearch indexes, try searching the alternate indexes available through the '''Odessa Digital Library''' or '''Black Sea German Research.''' See the respective headings on this Wiki page to learn more. To browse images, scroll down to find '''View Images in this Collection'''. Select '''Browse'''. From here select the '''Province''' (gubernia), '''District''' (uyezd) and '''Town''' (parish). Alternatively, you can search for duplicate church records using the FamilySearch catalog. Instructions for using the catalog are found under the heading '''FamilySearch Catalog'''.
| | A complete listing of entries between 1870 and 1918 was not feasible in the author's opinion because the congregation was no longer purely Germanic (volksdeutsch). He points out, though, that the death registers are of great worth because the entries reveal a place of origin of the deceased. |
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| ===Russia, Samara Church Books 1748-1934===
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| Catholic records are available for select parishes in the '''Novouzensk''' and '''Nikolaevsk''' uyezdi of the '''Samara/Saratov''' guberni (Volga Region). There are also some Lutheran records available (primarily for German Lutherans in the city of Samara). Many of these records – both Catholic and Lutheran – have been indexed in the ''Russia, Samara Church Books 1748-1934'' collection. To access these indexes, visit [http://familysearch.org/search/collection/1807365 familysearch.org/search/collection/1807365]. Search for your ancestor using identifying information such as first and last names, or birth, marriage and death information. Please be aware that this collection is only partially indexed. To check to see if there are unindexed records for your ancestor’s parish, please see the heading '''FamilySearch Catalog''' and subheading '''Parish Records''' in this Wiki page.
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| Many records in this collection were written and are now indexed in Cyrillic. You may search using Latin search terms for names and places; however, search results will appear in Russian. Use [http://translate.google.com Google Translate] and websites such as [http://stevemorse.org/russian/eng2rus.html stevemorse.org/russian/eng2rus.html] to help you with translation and transliteration.
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| ===FamilySearch Catalog===
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| ====Church Records====
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| To locate parish records using the FamilySearch Catalog, go to [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog FamilySearch catalog]. In the '''Place''' box, type the name of the parish and select the corresponding entry from the drop-down box. You may also try using English, Russian, and German spelling variations as well as any alternate names you found in your previous research in online sources and gazetteers. Church records will be found under the heading '''Church Records'''. Click on the entry and scroll down to the section entitled '''Film/Digital Notes'''. In the '''Note''' column, you will find a brief description of the contents of the film. Search for the year and type of record (birth, marriage, or death) that you are looking for. The '''Location, Collection/Shelf, Film''' and '''DGS''' columns provide information regarding location. Pay special attention to the item number. There are often more than one type of record or time frame included on a microfilm and the item number indicates which item your selected record begins on. The final column, '''Format''', shows availability. A camera icon indicates the record is available online, while a camera with a key on top indicates there are special viewing restrictions. A magnifying glass shows that the microfilm has been indexed. Finally, a microfilm or wheel icon means that the record is available to view at the FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah.
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| ====Published Translations====
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| Many Germans from Russia church records have been obtained by societies such as the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia (AHSGR) and the Germans from Russia Heritage Society (GRHS). These records have been translated into English and published. In the FamilySearch Catalog, published translations are also catalogued by place and will be found under the headings '''Church Records, Church Records – Indexes''' or '''Genealogy'''. These books are available at the FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. If you are unable to visit the FamilySearch Library, check your local or university library for availability, or check to see if the books are available through International Library Loan (ILL). Books may also be available for purchase through AHSGR or GRHS.
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| Church record publications do not follow a specific format; however, many authors have chosen to extract and translate the information into a table. Use the index which is typically located at the back of the book to search for your ancestor’s surname. Remember to watch for spelling variations.
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| ===Black Sea German Research===
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| The Black Sea German Research website is an excellent resource for research in church records in the Black Sea area. To locate church record indexes, visit [http://blackseagr.org blackseagr.org]. Under the research tab, select one of two options: '''Area/town/village specific or Church/Parish'''. An entry with a red asterisk (*) indicates that the item has recently been added to the website. The site is updated regularly, so be sure to check back often for more information. Clicking on the underlined link will open a PDF which can often be searched using the Ctrl-F feature. To use this feature, simply press the keys ''Ctrl'' and ''F'' (or ''Command'' and ''F'' for Mac users) at the same time and a search box will appear. Type what you are searching for into the box and it will locate the corresponding text on the page.
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| **'''Area/town/village specific''' is divided up into several different areas. Underneath each heading, you will find links to indexes and records available for specific towns or parishes within the area. For example, under the heading '''Dobrudscha''', select '''Jakobsonsthal births 1843-1879'''. This is an index of birth/baptism records for the village of Jakobsonsthal.
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| **'''Church/Parish''' is a list of available church and parish registers in Germany, Russia and the United States. For example, click on '''Diocese of Tiraspol Roman Catholic Church Death Records''' to find indexes of Roman Catholic church records for various locations in the Black Sea. Partial indexes to the St. Petersburg Lutheran duplicate church records can be found under the heading '''St. Petersburg Church Records (Odessa area)'''.
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| ===Odessa Digital Library===
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| The Odessa Digital Library is a great website to help you with research in the Black Sea region. Visit [http://odessa3.org odessa3.org] and from the main page, select '''Collections'''. Church records can be found under the headings '''Bessarabian Collection, Church Records''' or '''St. Petersburg Archives'''. These collections can be browsed and searched using the ''Ctrl-F'' feature. You may also wish to search for your ancestor by using the '''Full Text Search''' option available at the top of the page. Type your search query into the box and select which data category (collection) you would like to search in. The search engine accepts a variety of wildcard searches. To learn more about getting the most out of your search on the Odessa Digital Library, please see [http://odessa3.org/queryhelp.html odessa3.org/queryhelp.html].
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| **'''The Bessarabian Collection''' is a great tool for research in Bessarabia. Within the Bessarabia Collection are several folders. Click on the name of a town/parish to access indexes or try searching the '''Bessarabian Index''' – an index of Bessarabian church records.
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| **'''Church Records''' contains links to parish register indexes primarily in the United States; however, there a few records from German colonies in Russia. Check to see if your locality is included in this collection.
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| **'''St. Petersburg Archives''' contains indexes from the St. Petersburg Lutheran church book duplicates. The collection is organized by region.
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| ===Mennonite Genealogical Resources Website===
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| Access the Mennonite Genealogical Resources page at [http://mennonitegenealogy.com/russia mennonitegenealogy.com/russia]. Aside from the '''General''' tab, in which you will find general resources, links are organized by colony. Locate your colony of interest and look for keywords such as church records or birth/baptism, marriage, and death/burial. Most records are indexes and can be searched using the ''Ctrl-F'' feature.
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| ===Mennonite Historical Society of Alberta===
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| Church record indexes for select areas in Russia and the Crimea have been published online by the Mennonite Historical Society of Alberta. Records can be searched with the ''Ctrl-F'' feature. To access these records, visit [http://mennonitehistory.org/church-records mennonitehistory.org/church-records].
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| ===Mennonite Heritage Archives===
| | Among the FHL films of the St. Petersburg Lutheran Consistory, of which the Smolensk Lutheran Parish was a part, records for seven years are totally missing. The article by the above author provides information of marriages for six of these seven years. Frequently, Mr. Seeberg-Elversfeldt lists a marriage or two more than the films show. |
| The Mennonite Heritage Archives is located in Winnipeg, Canada and holds an extensive collection of both Prussian and Russian Mennonite community documents. Visit their website at [http://archives.mennonitechurch.ca/ archives.mennonitechurch.ca/]. An inventory of archival holdings can be found [http://archives.mennonitechurch.ca/holdings here]. To view their Odessa (Kherson/Cherson) collection holdings, click [http://www.mennonitechurch.ca/programs/archives/holdings/organizations/OdessaArchivesF6.htm here]. Records are not available online but can be accessed by contacting the archive.
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| ===Village Coordinators===
| | There are two different formats of marriage records on the film. Firstly, the main marriage records contain first and last names, civil standing, occupation, origins and names of fathers of bride and groom. Secondly, there are also lists giving only the first and last names of those getting married and reference numbers to the main marriage registers which do not exist on films after 1853. Mr. Seeberg-Elverfeldt's article gives the complete information of the main registers from 1834-1870, frequently augmented with information from birth and death records. |
| Many German colonies have village coordinators, or individuals with extensive knowledge of a specific colony. Village coordinators can be located through genealogical societies ([https://www.ahsgr.org/page/VillCoord AHSGR] and [https://www.grhs.org/pages/Coordinators GRHS]) or a web search. Contact your town or parish’s village coordinator to see if they have any information regarding church records.
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| ===The Evangelical-Lutheran marriages in Smolensk 1834-1870===
| | The article "Evangelisch-Lutherische Trauungen in Smolensk 1834-1870" appeared in ''Archiv für Sippenforschung'', Jahrgang 19, Heft 5 (1942), starting with page 97. The periodical can be retrieved through FamilySearch, Family History Library catalog, call number 943 B2as. |
| Smolensk became the home of many German officers, bureaucrats, merchants, craftsmen and many farmers just before WWI. They founded a church in 1857. In the year 1862 the parish of Smolensk had 403 parishioners. In 1941 there were three volumes of church records still in existence: Births 1834-1917, Marriages 1834-1918 , Deaths 1834-1918.
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| All registers, except the birth registers were then in good repair. Entries were made in German until 1891, from 1892 to 1918 the Russian language was used.
| | '''Mennonites''' |
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| The author made a list of all marriage entries between 1834 and 1879, which he did in 1941. Mr. Seeberg-Elverfeldt remarks that not all marriages were performed in Smolensk but as far away as Moscow and St. Petersburg.
| | Three important repositories are:<br> |
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| A complete listing of entries between 1870 and 1918 was not feasible in the author's opinion because the congregation was no longer purely Germanic (volksdeutsch). He points out, though, that the death registers are of great worth because the entries reveal a place of origin of the deceased.
| | *'''Mennonite Heritage Centre'''<br> |
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| Among the FS Library films of the St. Petersburg Lutheran Consistory, of which the Smolensk Lutheran Parish was a part, records for seven years are totally missing. The article by the above author provides information of marriages for six of these seven years. Frequently, Mr. Seeberg-Elversfeldt lists a marriage or two more than the films show.
| | :600 Shaflesburg Rd<br> |
| | :Winnipeg, Manitoba R3P 0M4<br> |
| | :Canada<br> |
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| There are two different formats of marriage records on the film. Firstly, the main marriage records contain first and last names, civil standing, occupation, origins and names of fathers of bride and groom. Secondly, there are also lists giving only the first and last names of those getting married and reference numbers to the main marriage registers which do not exist on films after 1853. Mr. Seeberg-Elverfeldt's article gives the complete information of the main registers from 1834-1870, frequently augmented with information from birth and death records. <ref>Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Roland. "Evangelisch-Lutherische Trauungen in Smolensk 1834-1870", ''Archiv für Sippenforschung'' Jahrgang 19, Heft 5 (1942), starting on page 97. (FS Library call no. 943 B2as)</ref>
| | :In 1966 they filmed all the Mennonite records in Odessa for the southern Russian Empire, including revision lists. <br><br> |
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| ===Repositories===
| | *'''Centre for Mennonite Brethren Studies in Canada''' <br> |
| Three important repositories for Mennonites are:<br>
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| '''Mennonite Heritage Centre'''<br>
| | :169 Riverton Ave<br> |
| 600 Shaflesburg Rd<br>
| | :Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2E5 <br> |
| Winnipeg, Manitoba R3P 0M4<br> | | :Canada<br><br> |
| Canada<br> | |
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| In 1966 they filmed all the Mennonite records in Odessa for the southern Russian Empire, including revision lists. <br><br>
| | *'''Mennonite Library and Archives''' |
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| '''Centre for Mennonite Brethren Studies in Canada''' <br>
| | :Information and Research Center <br> |
| 169 Riverton Ave<br>
| | :Box 366 <br> |
| Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 2E5 <br>
| | :North Newton, KS 67117 <br> |
| Canada<br><br>
| | :USA <br><br> |
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| '''Mennonite Library and Archives'''<br>
| | The following book provides background information: |
| Information and Research Center <br>
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| Box 366 <br>
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| North Newton, KS 67117 <br>
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| USA <br><br>
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| ==References==
| | *Benjamin Heinrich Unruh, ''Die niederlandisch-niederdeutschen Hintergrunde der mennonitischen Ostwanderungen im 16., 17., und 19. Jahrhundert'' (The Netherlands-Low German Background of the Mennonite Migration to the East in the 16th, 18th and 19th Centuries) (Karlsruhe: Unruh, 1955). Text in German. A history on the Mennonite movement into Russia; provides lists of families according to the town in Russia where they settled and time period, including in many cases birthplaces in Germany or Poland. |
| {{reflist}}
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| {{GFR|Germans from Russia}} | | {{GFR|Germans from Russia}} |
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| [[Category:Germans from Russia]] | | [[Category:Germans_from_Russia|Church Records]] [[Category:Lutherans]] [[Category:Roman_Catholics]] [[Category:Mennonites]] |
| [[Category:Lutherans]] | |
| [[Category:Roman_Catholics]] | |
| [[Category:Mennonites]] | |
Church Records