Winnebago Tribe: Difference between revisions

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{{inne}}
To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]]  
Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records. To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|Indigenous Peoples of the United States Research]]  


[[Image:Ho-Chunk, Winnebago wigwam.jpg|right|385x330px|Ho-Chunk, Winnebago wigwam.jpg]]<br>
[[Image:Ho-Chunk, Winnebago wigwam.jpg|thumb|right]]{{Indians of North America-stub}}
[[Image:Winnebago Indian dance team 2006.jpg|right|360x220px|Winnebago Indian dance team 2006.jpg]]<br>


=== Introduction ===
<br>


'''Various Spellings''': Winnebago, Winebago, Winnebaygo, Wennebago
<br>


'''Ancestral Homeland''': near the Door Peninsula, near Green Bay on
<br>


Lake Michigan- East Wisconsin and South of Green Bay
<br>


'''Clans: '''Thunderbird, Eagle, War People,Pigeon, Hawk, Wolf, Bear, Water Spirit, Elk, Deer, Buffalo, Fish,and Snake  
'''Various Spellings''': Winnebago, Winebago, Winnebaygo, Wennebago&nbsp;
 
'''Ancestrial Homeland''': near the Door Penisula, near Green Bay on
 
Lake Michigan- East Wisconsin and South of Green Bay&nbsp;
 
'''Clans: '''Thunderbird, Eagle, Pigeon, Hawk, Wolf, Bear, Water Spirit, Elk, Deer, Buffalo, Fish,and Snake  


'''Tribal Leaders:'''Red Bird, White Cloud,  
'''Tribal Leaders:'''Red Bird, White Cloud,  
Line 19: Line 23:
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===


'''Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska''' <br>100 Bluff Street<br>Winnebago, NE 68071<br>Phone: 402-878-2272<br>[http://www.winnebagotribe.com/ Website]
Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska <br>P.O. Box 687<br>Winnebago, NE 68071<br>Phone: 1.402.878.2272<br>Fax: 1.402.878.2963 <br>
 
*[http://www.winnebagotribe.com/ Winnebago Indian] Official Website
 
<br>


=== History  ===
=== History  ===
Line 25: Line 33:
=== Brief Timeline  ===
=== Brief Timeline  ===


*1634: French Jesuit priest, Jean Nicolet  
*'''1634:''' French Jesuit priest, Jean Nicolet  
*1689-1763: French and Indian War fought with the French  
*'''1689-1763:''' French and Indian War fought with the French  
*1775-83: Revolutionary War - fought with the British  
*'''1775-83:''' Revolutionary War - fought with the British  
*1809-11: Tecumseh's Rebellion fought against the British  
*'''1809-11: '''Tecumseh's Rebellion fought against the British  
* 1812: War of 1912, The tribe espoused the cause of England, helped to defeat Colonel Crogran at Michilimokinac, Colonel Dudley at the Rapids of the Miami, and General Winchester at the River Raisin. 
*'''1827:''' Uprising lead to forced removal west of the Mississippi  
*1827: Uprising (Winnebago Wars) lead to forced removal west of the Mississippi; one cause: white miners (lead) on Indian lands east of the Mississippi River.
*'''1832:''' Black Hawk War  
*1832: [[Black Hawk War, 1832|Black Hawk War]] allies with [[Sac_and_Fox_Tribe|Sac and Fox ]]Tribes
*'''1832: '''ceded land in Wisconsin for land in Iowa.  
*1832: Ceded land in Wisconsin for land in north eastern [[Indians_of_Iowa|Iowa]].  
*'''1836: '''smallpox epidemic killed many  
*1833-1852: [[American Indian Removal Records|Emigration]] and removal
*'''1840-1863:''' forced relocation: 700 tribal members died; after the Black Hawk War forced to relocate west of the Mississippi,  
*1836: Smallpox epidemic killed many  
*'''1840:''' Iowa  
*1840-1863: Forced relocation: 700 tribal members died; after the Black Hawk War forced to relocate west of the Mississippi,  
*'''1846: '''Minnesota  
*1840: removed from Wisconsin to Iowa  
*'''1848:''' to Long Prairie Reservation,  
*1846: Tribe removed to Long Prairie, [[Indians_of_Minnesota|Minnesota]]
*'''1857: '''Blue Earth River Reservation  
*1848: Relocated to Long Prairie Reservation,Minnesota
*'''1862:''' Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota  
* 1853 removed to Crow River.
*and on to Nebraska  
*1855: Treaty relocated to Blue Earth, Minnesota
*'''1865: '''settle on Omaha Reservation,Nebraska  
*1857: Blue Earth River Reservation  
*'''1934:''' became federally recognized under the Indian Reorganization Act.
* 1862: Sioux War Uprising in Minnesota 
*1862: Removed to [[Crow Creek Indian Reservation (South Dakota)|Crow Creek Reservation]], near Pierre, South Dakota and on to North Dakota
*1863-64 Tribe abandoned Crow Creek Reservation and relocated on [[Omaha_Indian_Reservation_(Nebraska)|Omaha Reservation]] in northeastern Nebraska. Out of 2,000 taken to Crow Creek only 1,200 reached the Omaha Reservation. 
*1865: the Omaha tribe sold a strip of their reservation to the Government, who deeded it to the Winnebago tribe. 
*[[Winnebago_Indian_Reservation_(Nebraska)|Winnebago Reservation]] in northeastern is in Thurston County, Nebraska,
*1865: Settle on Omaha Reservation, [[Indians of Nebraska|Nebraska]]
*December 1873 - January 1874: removal of 1,000 Winnebago Indians from Wisconsin to Nebraska.
*1874: Additional land were allotted to them 
* 1916: Stevens Act,  made allotments of Omaha and Winnebago Indians in Nebraska. 
*1934: Became federally recognized under the Indian Reorganization Act.


=== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ===
=== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ===


Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/winnebago/winnebagohist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Winnebago tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/illinois/index.htm#Winnebago The Indian Tribes of North America] and in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017334 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.]  
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/winnebago/winnebagohist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Winnebago tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/illinois/index.htm#Winnebago The Indian Tribes of North America] and in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017334 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.]  
Hymen Lubman. A History of the Nebraska Winnebago Indians. 1962. FS Library book 970.3 W73q


=== Reservations  ===
=== Reservations  ===


A reservation is a tract of land set aside for occupation and use by Native Americans.  
A reservation is a tract of land set aside for occupation and use use by American Indians.  


From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.  
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.  


Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.  
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.  
Line 69: Line 65:
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.  
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.  


The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/il.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book {{FSC|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.  
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/il.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.  


Long Prairie Reservation  
Long Prairie Reservation  
Line 83: Line 79:
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.  
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.  


The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library {{FSC|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
 
I
[[Prairie du Chien Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|Prairie du Chien Agency]]
 
[[Turkey River Indian Subagency (Iowa)|Turkey River Subagency]]
 
[[Winnebago Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Winnebago Agency]]
 
[[Nebraska Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Nebraska Agency ]]


[[Great Nemaha Indian Agency (Kansas)|Great Nemaha Agency]]
== Records  ==


[[Green Bay Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|Green Bay Agency]]
'''Correspondence and Census'''


=== Superintendencies  ===
{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
 
Records for Superintendencies exist in the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] and copies of many of them are also available in other research facilities.
 
The Winnebago Indians were under the jurisdiction of the following superintendencies: [[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan Superintendency]], [[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]], [[Wisconsin Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Wisconsin Superintendency]], [[Iowa Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Iowa Superintendency]], [[Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Minnesota Superintendency]], [[Northern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Northern Superintendency]], and [[Dakota Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Dakota Superintendency]].
 
=== Records  ===
 
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
=== Correspondence and Census  ===
 
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | Tribe  
! scope="col" | Tribe  
Line 124: Line 92:
! scope="col" | Locality of Original Records  
! scope="col" | Locality of Original Records  
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
Pre-1880 Correspondence
Pre-1880 Corrrespondence


M 234 RG 75 Rolls 962  
M 234 RG 75 Rolls 962  


Roll Number  
Roll Number


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
FS Library
FHL


Film  
Film  


Numbber  
Numbber


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
Post-1885 Census  
Post-1885 Census  


M595 RG 75 Rolls 693  
M595 RG 75 Rolls 693


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
FS Library
FHL


Film  
Film  


Number  
Number


|-
|-
Line 156: Line 124:
| -  
| -  
| Rolls 663-71  
| Rolls 663-71  
| 583122-583129
| {{FHL|Films 583122-583129}}
|-
|-
| Winnebago  
| Winnebago  
Line 177: Line 145:
=== Census  ===
=== Census  ===


Grand Rapids - 1916-17, 1919-25 FS Library film 576857  
Grand Rapids - 1916-17, 1919-25 {{FHL|Film: 576857}}<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1289232035806_115" />


Great Lakes - 1936-40 FS Library film 576859-576860  
Great Lakes - 1936-40 {{FHL|Films: 576859-576860}}


Tomah - 1911-1916, 1927-1936 FS Library film 583029-583031  
Tomah - 1911-1916, 1927-1936 {{FHL|Films: 583029-583031}}


=== Treaties  ===
=== Treaties  ===
Line 197: Line 165:
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/win0874.htm 1865] March 8, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/win0874.htm 1865] March 8, at Washington


=== Vital Records ===
=== Agencies ===


1924-1931 Births and Deaths (Census) FS Library Film: 583126
The Winnebago Indians were under the jurisdiction of the Prairie du Chien Agency 1824-42, Winnebago Agency 1826-76, Nebraska Agency 1876-80, Turkey River Subagency 1842-46, Green Bay Agency and [[Great Nemaha Indian Agency (Kansas)|Great Nemaha Agency]].


1925-1932 Births and Deaths (Census) FS Library Film: 583127
=== Superintendencies  ===


=== Important Websites  ===
The Winnebago Indians were under the jurisdiction of the following superintendencies: [[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan Superintendency]], [[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]], [[Wisconsin Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Wisconsin Superintendency]], [[Iowa Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Iowa Superintendency]], [[Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Minnesota Superintendency]], [[Northern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Northern Superintendency]], and [[Dakota Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Dakota Superintendency]].


*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/winncons.html Constitution and By-Laws] of the Winnebago Tribe Winnebago Reservation in the State of Nebraska. Approved April 3, 1936.  
=== Important Web Sites  ===
 
*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/winncons.html Constitution and By-Laws] of the Winnebag Tribe Winnebago Reservation in the State of Nebraska. Approved April 3, 1936.  
*[http://www.winnebagotribe.com/ Winnebago Indian] Official Website  
*[http://www.winnebagotribe.com/ Winnebago Indian] Official Website  
*Winnebago Reservation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnebago_Reservation Wikipedia]
*Winnebago Reservation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnebago_Reservation Wikipedia]
Line 211: Line 181:
=== References  ===
=== References  ===


<references />  
<references />


==== Bibliography  ====
==== Bibliography  ====


[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Nebraska]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Wisconsin]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Iowa]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Minnesota]]
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}.
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 G131g}}.
 
:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
 
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br>
 
:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br>
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.<br>
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.<br>
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.<br>
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.<br>
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.<br>
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.<br>
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.<br>
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
:Volume 20 -- Not yet published
 
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.
 
[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]

Revision as of 14:11, 22 May 2011

To get started in American Indian Research

Ho-Chunk, Winnebago wigwam.jpg

Template:Indians of North America-stub





Various Spellings: Winnebago, Winebago, Winnebaygo, Wennebago 

Ancestrial Homeland: near the Door Penisula, near Green Bay on

Lake Michigan- East Wisconsin and South of Green Bay 

Clans: Thunderbird, Eagle, Pigeon, Hawk, Wolf, Bear, Water Spirit, Elk, Deer, Buffalo, Fish,and Snake

Tribal Leaders:Red Bird, White Cloud,

Tribal Headquarters[edit | edit source]

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
P.O. Box 687
Winnebago, NE 68071
Phone: 1.402.878.2272
Fax: 1.402.878.2963


History[edit | edit source]

Brief Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • 1634: French Jesuit priest, Jean Nicolet
  • 1689-1763: French and Indian War fought with the French
  • 1775-83: Revolutionary War - fought with the British
  • 1809-11: Tecumseh's Rebellion fought against the British
  • 1827: Uprising lead to forced removal west of the Mississippi
  • 1832: Black Hawk War
  • 1832: ceded land in Wisconsin for land in Iowa.
  • 1836: smallpox epidemic killed many
  • 1840-1863: forced relocation: 700 tribal members died; after the Black Hawk War forced to relocate west of the Mississippi,
  • 1840: Iowa
  • 1846: Minnesota
  • 1848: to Long Prairie Reservation,
  • 1857: Blue Earth River Reservation
  • 1862: Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota
  • and on to Nebraska
  • 1865: settle on Omaha Reservation,Nebraska
  • 1934: became federally recognized under the Indian Reorganization Act.

Additional References to the History of the Tribe[edit | edit source]

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Winnebago tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America and in David Bushnell's Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi.

Reservations[edit | edit source]

A reservation is a tract of land set aside for occupation and use use by American Indians.

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[1], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[2], and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.

Long Prairie Reservation

Blue Earth River Reservation

Crow Creek Reservation

Omaha Reservation

Agency[edit | edit source]

Agencies and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[3], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians[4], and others. I

Records[edit | edit source]

Correspondence and Census

Tribe Agency Locality of Original Records

Pre-1880 Corrrespondence

M 234 RG 75 Rolls 962

Roll Number

FHL

Film

Numbber

Post-1885 Census

M595 RG 75 Rolls 693

FHL

Film

Number

Winnebago Wind River Agency, 1898-1955 Denver - - Rolls 663-71 FHL Films 583122-583129
Winnebago Prairie du Chien Agency, 1824-42 Washington D.C. Rolls 696-702 - - -
Winnebago Turkey River Subagency, 1842-46 Washington D.C. Rolls 862-64 - - -

Census[edit | edit source]

Grand Rapids - 1916-17, 1919-25 FHL Film: 576857

Great Lakes - 1936-40 FHL Films: 576859-576860

Tomah - 1911-1916, 1927-1936 FHL Films: 583029-583031

Treaties[edit | edit source]

  • 1816 June 3, at St. Louis
  • 1825 August 19, at Prairie du Chien with the Sioux, Etc.,
  • 1827 August 11, at Butte des Morts, with the Chippewa
  • 1828 August 25, at Green Bay
  • 1829 August 1, at Prairie du Chien
  • 1832 September 15,
  • 1837 November 1, at Washington
  • 1846 October 13, at Washington
  • 1855 February 27, at Washington
  • 1859 April 15, at Washington
  • 1865 March 8, at Washington

Agencies[edit | edit source]

The Winnebago Indians were under the jurisdiction of the Prairie du Chien Agency 1824-42, Winnebago Agency 1826-76, Nebraska Agency 1876-80, Turkey River Subagency 1842-46, Green Bay Agency and Great Nemaha Agency.

Superintendencies[edit | edit source]

The Winnebago Indians were under the jurisdiction of the following superintendencies: Michigan Superintendency, St. Louis Superintendency, Wisconsin Superintendency, Iowa Superintendency, Minnesota Superintendency, Northern Superintendency, and Dakota Superintendency.

Important Web Sites[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations Available online.
  2. ↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book 973 E5)
  3. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library book 970.1 H551o.)
  4. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL book 970.1 H551g.)

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

  • Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
  • Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
  • Klein, Barry T., ed. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. WorldCat 317923332; FHL book 970.1 R259e.
  • Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. WorldCat 37475188; FHL book 970.1 G131g.
Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
  • Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .
Volume 1 -- Not yet published
Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat 234303751
Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- WorldCat 255572371
Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- WorldCat 19331914; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4.
Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- WorldCat 299653808; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5.
Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- WorldCat 247493742; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6.
Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- WorldCat 247493311
Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 13240086; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8.
Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- WorldCat 26140053; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9.
Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- WorldCat 301504096; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10.
Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- WorldCat 256516416; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11.
Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- WorldCat 39401371; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12.
Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- WorldCat 48209643
Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- WorldCat 254277176
Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 356517503; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15.
Volume 16 -- Not yet published
Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- WorldCat 43957746
Volume 18 -- Not yet published
Volume 19 -- Not yet published
Volume 20 -- Not yet published

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