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''[[Idaho|Idaho]]'' ► Indians of Idaho  
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To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].<br>
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== Tribes and Bands of Idaho  ==
=== Tribes and Bands of Idaho  ===
Learn about the indigenous people of Idaho, the tribes and bands, agencies, reservations, Indian schools, records and research facilities.


The following list of American Indians, who have lived in Idaho, has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> ,&nbsp;Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online]</ref>. and other sources. Some of the names may&nbsp;be variant spellings or alternative names for the same tribe.  
See [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Genealogy]] for more resources for researching indigenous peoples.
 
The following list of Native Americans, who have lived in Idaho, has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907 [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> , Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online]</ref>. and other sources. Some of the names may be variant spellings or alternative names for the same tribe.  


*[[Bannock Indians|Bannock ]]-- primarily located in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 398-399</ref>  
*[[Bannock Indians|Bannock ]]-- primarily located in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 398-399</ref>  
*[[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene ]]--&nbsp; also known as the Skitswish, primarily associated with northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 411-412.</ref>  
*[[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene ]]-- also known as the Skitswish, primarily associated with northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 411-412.</ref>  
*[[Flathead Indians|Flathead ]]-- primarily located in Montana<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403.</ref>  
*[[Flathead Indians|Flathead ]]-- primarily located in Montana<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403.</ref>  
*[[Kalispel Indians|Kalispel]] -- primarily located in northern Idaho, although they hunted in Montana, Washington, and Canada<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 399-400.</ref>&nbsp;
*[[Kalispel Indians|Kalispel]] -- primarily located in northern Idaho, although they hunted in Montana, Washington, and Canada<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 399-400.</ref>
*[[Kutenai Indians|Kutenai]] -- primarily located in Montana and northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 400.</ref>  
*[[Kutenai Indians|Kutenai]] -- primarily located in Montana and northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 400.</ref>  
*[[Nez Perce Indians|Nez Perce]] -- primarily located in central Idaho, but historically were also associated with southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], [[. 400-403.</ref>  
*[[Nez Perce Indians|Nez Perce]] -- primarily located in central Idaho, but historically were also associated with southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], [[. 400-403.</ref>  
*[[Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation, Utah|Northwestern Band of Shoshoni ]]-- primarily located in northern Utah, near the Idaho border. Also known as the Washakie Band of Shoshoni.<br>
*[[Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation, Utah|Northwestern Band of Shoshoni ]]-- primarily located in northern Utah, near the Idaho border. Also known as the Washakie Band of Shoshoni.<br>  
*Numa -- another name for the Northern Paiute<br>
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiute_people Numa ]-- another name for the Northern Paiute<br>  
*[[Paiute Indians|Paiute]] -- primarily located in Nevada, California, and Utah, although they ranged into southwestern Idaho at times<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403</ref><br>
*[[Paiute Indians|Paiute]] -- primarily located in Nevada, California, and Utah, although they ranged into southwestern Idaho at times<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403</ref><br>  
*Paloos or Palouse -- primarily located in Washington, although they did extend up the Palouse River into Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403</ref>  
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palouse Paloos or Palouse] -- primarily located in Washington, although they did extend up the Palouse River into Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403</ref>  
*[[Pend d'Oreille Indians|Pend d'Oreille]]  
*[[Pend d'Oreille Indians|Pend d'Oreille]] -- Name after the Pend Oreille  River. It drains throught the Rock Mountains.
*[[Salish Indians|Salish]] <br>
*[[Salish Indians|Salish]] -- In the early 1840's one of their leaders had a "vision" of the "Blackrobes" who would come with spiritual teaching. <br>  
*Shahaptian  
*[http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/00652925/ Shahaptian] -- Indian tribes of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington state
*[[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeater ]]-- the name of one of the subdivisions of the Western Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 405.</ref><br>
*[[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeater ]]-- the name of one of the subdivisions of the Western Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 405.</ref><br>  
*[[Shoshone Indians|Shoshone]] or Shoshoni (Northern and Western) -- the Northern Shoshoni were primarily located in eastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and northeastern Utah<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 403-405.</ref>. The Western Shoshoni have been historically associated with central and western Idaho, northwestern Utah, central and northeastern Nevada, and a small part of California<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 405-410.</ref><br>
*[[Shoshone Indians|Shoshone]] or Shoshoni (Northern and Western) -- the Northern Shoshoni were primarily located in eastern Idaho, western Wyoming, and northeastern Utah<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 403-405.</ref>. The Western Shoshoni have been historically associated with central and western Idaho, northwestern Utah, central and northeastern Nevada, and a small part of California<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 405-410.</ref><br>  
*Skitswish -- another name for the Coeur d'Alene<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 411-412.</ref><br>
*[https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Coeur_d%27Alene_Indians Skitswish ]-- another name for the Coeur d'Alene<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], pp. 411-412.</ref><br>  
*Snake -- another name for the Northern Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403.</ref><br>
*[http://www.shoshoneindian.com/ Snake] -- another name for the Northern Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 403.</ref><br>  
*[[Spokane Indians|Spokan]] -- primarily located in Washington, they extended a few miles into northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 412.</ref>  
*[[Spokane Indians|Spokan]] -- primarily located in Washington, they extended a few miles into northern Idaho<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 412.</ref>  
*Tukuarika (Sheepeater) -- the name of one of the subdivisions of the Western Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 405.</ref><br>
*[[Sheepeater Indians|Tukuarika]] (Sheepeater) -- the name of one of the subdivisions of the Western Shoshoni<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online], p. 405.</ref><br>
 
=== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ===
 
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.
 
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Idaho has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. {{FSC|247426|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. {{FSC|207428|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
 
*[[Coeur d'Alene Indian Agency (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation
*[[Colville Indian Agency (Washington)|Colville Agency]]
*[[Eastern Nevada Indian Agency (Nevada)|Eastern Nevada Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Duck Valley Reservation
*[[Fort Hall Indian Agency (Idaho)|Fort Hall Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Fort Hall Reservation
*[[Fort Lapwai Agency (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Nez Perce Reservation for a time.
*[[Lemhi Indian Agency (Idaho)|Lemhi Agency]] -- the administrative office of the old Fort Lemhi Reservation; merged with Fort Hall
*[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Nez Perce Reservation
*[[Northern Idaho Indian Agency (Idaho)|Northern Idaho Agency]] -- the administrative office over the Nez Perce, Coeur d'Alene, and other Northern Idaho indigenous people, subsequently divided.
*[[Plummer Indian Field Office (Idaho)|Plummer Field Office]] -- serving the Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
 
=== Records  ===
 
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


== Reservations  ==
===Allotment Records===


From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.  
The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] was the trustee.
 
Individual Native Americans were given a prescribed amount of land on a reservation based upon what land was available and the number of tribal members living on that reservation. Generally, the amount of land allotted was 160 Acres for each head of family, 80 Acres for each single person over eighteen years of age, 80 Acres for each orphan child under eighteen years of age, and 40 Acres for each single person under eighteen years of age. This was dependent upon there being sufficient land available on the existing reservation. If the total acreage on the reservation was insufficient, the amounts of land were pro-rated accordingly.  


Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.  
Not all tribes and reservations were allotted.


The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
Allotted Tribes of Idaho


The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/id.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991 (Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources.
*Coeur d’ Alene Reservation, Fort Hall (Shoshone Bannock Tribes) Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Nez Perce (Lapwai)


Presently, there are four federally-recognized Indian reservations in Idaho -- the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in northern Idaho, the Duck Valley Reservation on the border of Idaho and Nevada, the Fort Hall Reservation in eastern Idaho, and the Nez Perce Reservation in central Idaho. Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.
=== Indian Schools  ===


=== Coeur d'Alene Reservation  ===
The Office of Indian Affairs (now the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]]) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.


The [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene Reservation]] is located in Northern Idaho and serves the Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])


=== Duck Valley Reservation  ===
The following list of Indian Schools in Idaho has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. {{FSC|247426|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. {{FSC|207428|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.


The [[Duck Valley Indian Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)|Duck Valley Reservation]] is located on the southern border of Idaho, in Owyhee County, and in northern Nevada. It serves the Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute Tribes.<br>
*[[Fort Lapwai School (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai School]]


=== Fort Hall Reservation <br> ===
=== Indian Health Facilities  ===


The [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall Reservation]] is located just north of Pocatello, Idaho in the eastern part of the state and serves the Shoshone and Bannock Tribes. <br>
*[[Fort Lapwai Sanatorium (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai Sanatorium]]


=== Nez Perce Reservation ===
=== Reservations ===


The [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] is located in central Idaho, along the Clearwater River and serves the Nez Perce Tribe.  
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.  


=== Other Reservations  ===
The following list of reservations has been compiled from:


Some of the Indians of Idaho were associated with other reservations of neighboring states. Some of these reservations may historically have included territory within Idaho. They include:
:*''National Atlas of the United States of America'' [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/fedlands.html#list National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.]
:*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E (Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991) {{FSC|433280|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 E5}})


*The [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in Washington<br>
Presently, there are four federally-recognized Indian reservations in Idaho -- the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in northern Idaho, the Duck Valley Reservation on the border of Idaho and Nevada, the Fort Hall Reservation in eastern Idaho, and the Nez Perce Reservation in central Idaho. Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.
*The [[Flathead Indian Reservation (Montana)|Flathead Reservation]] in Montana<br>
*The [[Jocko Indian Reservation (Montana)|Jocko Reservation]] in Montana<br>


Historically, there were two other reservations which no longer exist, but which existed for a time in Idaho: <br>
==== Coeur d'Alene Reservation  ====


*[[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi Reservation]] <br>
The [[Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene Reservation]] is located in Northern Idaho and serves the Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
*Kootenai Reservation<br>


== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs ==
==== Duck Valley Reservation ====


[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.  
The [[Duck Valley Indian Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)|Duck Valley Reservation]] is located on the southern border of Idaho, in Owyhee County, and in northern Nevada. It serves the Western Shoshone and Northern Paiute Tribes.<br>


The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Idaho has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
==== Fort Hall Reservation <br> ====


*[[Coeur d'Alene Indian Agency (Idaho)|Coeur d'Alene Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation
The [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall Reservation]] is located just north of Pocatello, Idaho in the eastern part of the state and serves the Shoshone and Bannock Tribes. <br>
*[[Colville Indian Agency (Washington)|Colville Agency]]
*[[Eastern Nevada Indian Agency (Nevada)|Eastern Nevada Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Duck Valley Reservation
*[[Fort Hall Indian Agency (Idaho)|Fort Hall Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Fort Hall Reservation  
*[[Fort Lapwai Agency (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Nez Perce Reservation for a time.
*[[Lemhi Indian Agency (Idaho)|Lemhi Agency]] -- the administrative office of the old Fort Lemhi Reservation; merged with Fort Hall
*[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce Agency]] -- the administrative office on the Nez Perce Reservation
*[[Northern Idaho Indian Agency (Idaho)|Northern Idaho Agency]] -- the administrative office over the Nez Perce, Coeur d'Alene Indians, and other Northern Idaho Indians, subsequently divided.
*[[Plummer Indian Field Office (Idaho)|Plummer Field Office]] -- serving the Coeur d'Alene Tribe.


== Indian Schools ==
==== Nez Perce Reservation ====


The Office of Indian Affairs (now the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]]) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.  
The [[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] is located in central Idaho, along the Clearwater River and serves the Nez Perce Tribe.  


In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])
==== Other Reservations  ====


The following list of Indian Schools in Idaho has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
Some of the indigenous people of Idaho were associated with other reservations of neighboring states. Some of these reservations may historically have included territory within Idaho. They include:  


*[[Fort Lapwai School (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai School]]
*The [[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|Colville Reservation]] in Washington<br>
*The [[Flathead Indian Reservation (Montana)|Flathead Reservation]] in Montana<br>
*The [[Jocko Indian Reservation (Montana)|Jocko Reservation]] in Montana<br>


== Indian Health Facilities  ==
Historically, there were two other reservations which no longer exist, but which existed for a time in Idaho: <br>


*[[Fort Lapwai Sanatorium (Idaho)|Fort Lapwai Sanatorium]]
*[[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi Reservation]] <br>
*[[Kootenai Reservation, Idaho|Kootenai Reservation]]<br>


== Supervising Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==
=== Supervising Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ===


=== Superintendencies  ===
==== Superintendencies  ====


A Superintendent of Indian Affairs was an administrator, communicating and overseeing the agents who worked directly with individual tribes. It was the responsibility of the superintendent to see that the agents were following official government policy. ([[Superintendencies of Indian Affairs|read more...]])  
A Superintendent of Indian Affairs was an administrator, communicating and overseeing the agents who worked directly with individual tribes. It was the responsibility of the superintendent to see that the agents were following official government policy. ([[Superintendencies of Indian Affairs|read more...]])  
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Superintendencies with responsibility for agencies in Idaho included:  
Superintendencies with responsibility for agencies in Idaho included:  


*[[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]] of Indian Affairs 1863-1870 -- 3 films -- National Archives Microcopy #M-832 -- 1st film&nbsp;Family History Library microfilm #{{FHL|589036|title-id|disp=1580047}}
*[[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]] of Indian Affairs 1863-1870 -- 3 films -- National Archives Microcopy #M-832 (1st film); {{FSC|589036|item|disp=FS Library film 1580047}}


=== Area Offices  ===
==== Area Offices  ====


The [[Area Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Area Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] are administrative in nature and do not contain many records of details about individual Indians. Hence, they are not the most valuable records for tracing American Indian ancestry.  
The [[Area Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Area Offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] are administrative in nature and do not contain many records of details about individuals. Hence, they are not the most valuable records for tracing American Indian ancestry.  


The Area Office with supervisory responsibility over agencies in&nbsp;Idaho is the Portland Area Office.  
The Area Office with supervisory responsibility over agencies in Idaho is the Portland Area Office.  


== Major Research Facilities for American Indian Research  ==
=== Major Research Facilities for American Indian Research  ===


=== National Archives  ===
==== National Archives  ====


The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is responsible for the preservation of the records of historical importance created by federal offices in the United States of America, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessor, the Office of Indian Affairs. ([[American Indian Research in the National Archives of the United States|Read more]]...)  
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is responsible for the preservation of the records of historical importance created by federal offices in the United States of America, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessor, the Office of Indian Affairs. ([[American Indian Research in the National Archives of the United States|Read more]]...)  


=== Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)  ===
==== Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)  ====


Many of the Regional Archives have collected records of the federal offices in their region, including those of the field jurisdictions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Some of the field jurisdictions are the superintendencies, agencies, schools, factories and area offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
Many of the Regional Archives have collected records of the federal offices in their region, including those of the field jurisdictions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Some of the field jurisdictions are the superintendencies, agencies, schools, factories and area offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  


The Pacific Alaska Regional Archives (NARA) in Seattle has&nbsp;jurisdiction for the preservation of the records of federal offices in Idaho, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
The Pacific Alaska Regional Archives (NARA) in Seattle has jurisdiction for the preservation of the records of federal offices in Idaho, including those of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  


([[American Indian Research in the Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)|Read more]]...)  
([[American Indian Research in the Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)|Read more]]...)  


=== Family History Library  ===
==== FamilySearch Library  ====


The [[American Indian Research in the Family History Library|Family History Library]] in Salt Lake City has a large collection of American Indian sources, including:  
The [[American Indian Research in the FamilySearch Library|FamilySearch Library]] in Salt Lake City has a large collection of American Indian sources, including:  


*Copies of many of the microfilmed records of the National Archives.  
*Copies of many of the microfilmed records of the National Archives.  
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To determine the full extent of their holdings, search their catalog, using their Keyword Search, Place Search, and Subject Search, looking for names of tribes and offices. Many of their holdings are under the subject heading of Native Races.  
To determine the full extent of their holdings, search their catalog, using their Keyword Search, Place Search, and Subject Search, looking for names of tribes and offices. Many of their holdings are under the subject heading of Native Races.  


=== Historical Societies and Archives  ===
FamilySearch Catalog [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Idaho+Native+Races&prekeyword=Idaho+Native+Races Idaho Native Races]
 
==== Historical Societies and Archives  ====


Idaho State Archives<br>2205 Old Penitentiary Road<br>Boise, Idaho 83712<br>Phone 208-334-2682<br>Fax 208-334-2774  
Idaho State Archives<br>2205 Old Penitentiary Road<br>Boise, Idaho 83712<br>Phone 208-334-2682<br>Fax 208-334-2774  


=== Other Facilities  ===
==== Other Facilities ====
 
=== For Further Reading ===


== See Also  ==
See also '''[[American Indian For Further Reading]]'''. <div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Native American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div><br>Click this button for links to databases, indexes, or sites that help you find an American Indian ancestor by topic or tribe.<br><br><br>


*[[Idaho Church Records|Idaho - Church]] for a list of missions  
*[[Idaho Church Records|Idaho - Church]] for a list of missions  
*[[Idaho History|Idaho - History]]  
*[[Idaho History|Idaho - History]]  
*[[Idaho Military Records|Idaho - Military]] for a list of forts
*[[Idaho Military Records|IdahoMilitary Records]] for a list of forts
 
== References  ==
 
<references />


==== Bibliography ====
=== References ===


*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
<references />
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
*Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
*National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ID.pdf Available online].
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm Available online].


{{Idaho|Idaho}}  
{{Native American nav}}


[[Category:Idaho]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Idaho]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
[[Category:Idaho Cultural Groups]]
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