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Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records. | |||
'''Alternate Names:''' Bitter Root Salish<br>{{infobox ethnic group | '''Alternate Names:''' Bitter Root Salish<br>{{infobox ethnic group | ||
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<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td>1980</td> | <td>1980</td> | ||
<td style="text-align: right;">3,771</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%| | <td style="text-align: right;">3,771</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%| }}</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
Confederated Salish | '''The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes'''<br>42487 Complex Blvd / PO Box 278<br>Pablo, MT 59855<br>Phone: 406-675-2700<br>[https://csktribes.org/ Website] | ||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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*1853: United States terminated its relationship with the sovereign nations of Flathead by the U.S. Congress under House Concurrent Resolution 108. | *1853: United States terminated its relationship with the sovereign nations of Flathead by the U.S. Congress under House Concurrent Resolution 108. | ||
*1854: St. Ignatius Mission established on the Jocko River | *1854: St. Ignatius Mission established on the Jocko River | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855]October 17, Territory of Nebraska, Treaty with the Blackfeet | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855]October 17, Territory of Nebraska, Treaty with the Blackfeet | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/fla0722.htm 1855] July 16, at Hell Gate in Bitter Root Valley,Treaty with Flatheads Etc.,land in Montana and Idaho was ceded. | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/fla0722.htm 1855] July 16, at Hell Gate in Bitter Root Valley,Treaty with Flatheads Etc.,land in Montana and Idaho was ceded. | ||
*1864-80: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the [[Montana Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Montana Superintendency]] | *1864-80: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the [[Montana Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Montana Superintendency]] | ||
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*1890-1891: Removed from Bitter Root Valley to [[Jocko Indian Reservation (Montana)|Jocko Reservation]] | *1890-1891: Removed from Bitter Root Valley to [[Jocko Indian Reservation (Montana)|Jocko Reservation]] | ||
==== Additional References | ==== Additional References ==== | ||
*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/flathead_indian_tribe_history.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Flathead tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. | *Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/flathead_indian_tribe_history.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Flathead tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. | ||
*The [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06097a.htm New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia] online also includes some history of the Flatheads. | *The [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06097a.htm New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia] online also includes some history of the Flatheads. | ||
*An interesting T[http://mission.blackfoot.net/STUDENTS/Flathead%20Reservation/Adrianna's%20Website/Tribal%20History.htm imeline of tribal history] of the Flathead Tribe is also available online. | *An interesting T[http://mission.blackfoot.net/STUDENTS/Flathead%20Reservation/Adrianna's%20Website/Tribal%20History.htm imeline of tribal history] of the Flathead Tribe is also available online. | ||
*John Fahey. The Flathead Indians. Norman OK. University of Oklahoma Press. 1974. {{ | *John Fahey. The Flathead Indians. Norman OK. University of Oklahoma Press. 1974. {{FSC|93059|item|disp= Book 970.3 Sa34f}} | ||
The Flathead Tribe was under the jurisdiction of agencies, reservations, and superintendencies<br> | The Flathead Tribe was under the jurisdiction of agencies, reservations, and superintendencies<br> | ||
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==== Agency Records ==== | ==== Agency Records ==== | ||
The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Flathead for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Flathead for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individuals under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
[[Flathead Indian Agency (Montana)|Flathead Agency]], 1854-1857, 1861-present<br>[[Washington East of the Cascades Indian Agency|Washington East of the Cascades Agency]], 1857-1861 | [[Flathead Indian Agency (Montana)|Flathead Agency]], 1854-1857, 1861-present<br>[[Washington East of the Cascades Indian Agency|Washington East of the Cascades Agency]], 1857-1861 | ||
==== Census Records ==== | ==== Census Records ==== | ||
*'''1870-1995''' {{RecordSearch|5000158|Montana, Polson, Tribal Census, 1870-1995}} at FamilySearch — [[Montana, Polson, Tribal Census - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images | |||
The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. | The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. See [[American Indian Census Rolls|American Indian Census Rolls]] for more information. | ||
The following table lists the census rolls for the Flathead | The following table lists the census rolls for the Flathead Native Americans: | ||
{| cellspacing=" | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Agency | ! scope="col" | Agency | ||
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! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
FS Library | |||
Film Number | Film Number | ||
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| Seattle | | Seattle | ||
| Rolls 107-16 | | Rolls 107-16 | ||
| | | FS Library Film 575799-800, 576464-471 | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Church Records ==== | ==== Church Records ==== | ||
Gregory Mengarind and Gloria Ricci Lothrop. Recollections of the Flathead Mission. Glendale, CA., Arthur H. Clark Co., 1977. {{ | Gregory Mengarind and Gloria Ricci Lothrop. Recollections of the Flathead Mission. Glendale, CA., Arthur H. Clark Co., 1977. {{FSC| 159222|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 Sa34m }} | ||
==== Correspondence Records ==== | ==== Correspondence Records ==== | ||
There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of | There are several sets of correspondence between the supervising offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the local offices -- agencies, subagencies, etc. The correspondence is often historical in nature, including reports of the conditions among local groups of Native Americans, hostilities, plans for building facilities, activities of traders or missionaries, etc. Occasionally, there will be names of individuals but little detail about them. For more information about American Indian correspondence, [[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|click here]]. | ||
The following table lists some correspondence relating to the | The following table lists some correspondence relating to the Flatheads:<br> | ||
cellpadding="1" border="1" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Agency | ! scope="col" | Agency | ||
! scope="col" | Location of | ! scope="col" | Location of Original Records | ||
! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
Pre - 1880 Correspondence | Pre - 1880 Correspondence | ||
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! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
FS Library | |||
Film Number | Film Number | ||
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| - | | - | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Enrollment Records ==== | ==== Enrollment Records ==== | ||
In 1905, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs assigned Special Agent Thomas Downs to investigate the enrollment of the | In 1905, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs assigned Special Agent Thomas Downs to investigate the enrollment of the Native Americans of the Flathead Reservation. The National Archives has microfilmed the resulting documents as their Microcopy M1350, consisting of 3 rolls of microfilm. These records are available at the National Archives and their Regional Archives, and at other research institutions, including the {{FSC|573254|title-id|disp=FamilySearch Library}} in Salt Lake City. The records include census rolls for 1903, 1905, and 1908, as well as applications for enrollment and Agent Downs' field notes. It includes members of all tribes then living on the Flathead Reservation, including the Flathead, [[Kootenai Indians, Idaho|Kootenai,]] [[Pend d'Oreille Indians|Pend d'Oreille]], [[Kalispel Indians|Kalispel]], and Spokane tribes. | ||
==== Land Records ==== | ==== Land Records ==== | ||
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[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/patent/index.htm Montana Flathead Land Patents, 1908] -- Abstracts of names beginning A-D | [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/patent/index.htm Montana Flathead Land Patents, 1908] -- Abstracts of names beginning A-D | ||
Those who signed consents to be removed from the Bitter Root Valley to the Jocko Reservation in 1890 are included in a list taken from the book entitled | Those who signed consents to be removed from the Bitter Root Valley to the Jocko Reservation in 1890 are included in a list taken from the book entitled Flatheads of Bitter Root Valley. An abstract of the list is also [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0020319 available online]. | ||
==== Treaties ==== | ==== Treaties ==== | ||
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. | During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. See [[American Indian Treaties with the United States]] for more more information about treaties. | ||
Treaties to which the Flathead | Treaties to which the Flathead were a part are: | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855]October 17, Territory of Nebraska, Treaty with the Blackfeet | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/bla0736.htm 1855]October 17, Territory of Nebraska, Treaty with the Blackfeet | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/fla0722.htm 1855] July 16, at Hell Gate in Bitter Root Valley,Treaty with Flatheads Etc., | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/fla0722.htm 1855] July 16, at Hell Gate in Bitter Root Valley,Treaty with Flatheads Etc., | ||
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Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
Some vital records for the Flathead | Some vital records for the Flathead include: | ||
*Flathead Agency, M595, births and deaths, 1924-1934, | *Flathead Agency, M595, births and deaths, 1924-1934, FS Library Film: 576469 and births and deaths, 1927-1937,FS Library Film: 576471. FS Library Film: 576468 also includes supplemental rolls of the Flathead (Montana) Agency | ||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
Reservations are tracts of land set aside for occupation and use by | Reservations are tracts of land set aside for occupation and use by Native Americans. | ||
The principle reservation occupied by the Flathead | The principle reservation occupied by the Flathead is currently called the [[Flathead Indian Reservation (Montana)|Flathead Reservation]], formerly known as the [[Jocko Indian Reservation (Montana)|Jocko Reservation]], because of its location on the Jocko River in northern Montana. | ||
The reservation includes land in Flathead, Lake, Missoula, and Sanders Counties in Montana | The reservation includes land in Flathead, Lake, Missoula, and Sanders Counties in Montana | ||
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[[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]] | [[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]] | ||
=== | === Websites === | ||
*Constitution and By-laws of the [http://www.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/salishconst/skconsttoc.htm Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation] | |||
*State Office of Indian Affairs website for the [http://www.tribalnations.mt.gov/cskt.asp Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes] | |||
*Tribal website for the [http://www.cskt.org/ Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation of Montana] | |||
*Wikipedia article for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederated_Salish_and_Kootenai_Tribes_of_the_Flathead_Nation Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation] | |||
*Wikipedia article about the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flathead_Indian_Reservation Flathead Indian Reservation] | |||
=== | === For Further Reading === | ||
==== Flathead ==== | ==== Flathead ==== | ||
*Fahey, John. ''The Flathead Indians''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974. {{ | *Fahey, John. ''The Flathead Indians''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974. {{FSC |93059|item|disp= FS Library book 970.3 Sa34f}} | ||
*Ronan, Peter. ''History of the Flathead Indians''. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Ross Haines, [1890]. {{ | *Ronan, Peter. ''History of the Flathead Indians''. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Ross Haines, [1890]. {{FSC|93181|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 Sa34r also on microfiche 6093790}}. | ||
==== General ==== | ==== General ==== | ||
For background information to help find American Indian ancestors see [[American Indian For Further Reading|'''For Further Reading''']]. | |||
=== References === | |||
{{reflist}} {{Native American nav}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Montana]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Idaho]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Wyoming]] [[Category:Canada First Nations]] | ||
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