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Americans with African ancestry have served in United States military units since the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in 1619. No war has been fought by the United States in which the African American soldiers did not participate. African Americans fought and served valiantly in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the War in Iraq. | Americans with African ancestry have served in United States military units since the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in 1619. No war has been fought by the United States in which the African American soldiers did not participate. African Americans fought and served valiantly in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the War in Iraq. | ||
*'' African Americans at War | *'' African Americans at War: An Encyclopedia,'' Two volumes by Jonathan D. Sutherland. Santa Barbara: California: ABC-CLIO, 2004. {{FSC|3416546|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 M26sj volume 2}}; {{WorldCat|19774886|at various libraries}} | ||
*''Camp Fires of the Afro-American; or, The Colored Man as a Patriot | *''Camp Fires of the Afro-American; or, The Colored Man as a Patriot,'' by James M. Guthrie. Philadelphia: Afro-American Pub Co., 1899 reprint New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1970. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|122904}}; {{WorldCat|367470859|at various libraries}} | ||
*''Services of | *''Services of Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812, ''by William C. Nell,. Boston, Massachusetts, 1851. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|345605}} | ||
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*[https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2152&context=etd Away to Freedom: African American soldiers and the War of 1812] by Omar Shareef Price | *[https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2152&context=etd Away to Freedom: African American soldiers and the War of 1812] by Omar Shareef Price | ||
*''The Black Phalanx; a History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775-1812, 1861-'65.'' by Joseph T. Wilson. 1897. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/blackphalanxhist00wilsiala Internet Archive] | *''The Black Phalanx; a History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775-1812, 1861-'65.'' by Joseph T. Wilson. 1897. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/blackphalanxhist00wilsiala Internet Archive] | ||
*''Black regulars and militiamen in the War of 1812'' by Eric Eugene Johnson. Berwyn Heights, Maryland: Heritage Books, Inc., ©2017. {{FSC|2999877|item|disp= FS Catalog book 973 M2jeb}}; {{WorldCat|1010747227|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | *''Black regulars and militiamen in the War of 1812,'' by Eric Eugene Johnson. Berwyn Heights, Maryland: Heritage Books, Inc., ©2017. {{FSC|2999877|item|disp= FS Catalog book 973 M2jeb}}; {{WorldCat|1010747227|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
====Army==== | ====Army==== | ||
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Other African Americans may be in these or other records of the Regular Army or in the records of state militias. | Other African Americans may be in these or other records of the Regular Army or in the records of state militias. | ||
*''Black Regulars in the War of 1812 | *''Black Regulars in the War of 1812,'' By Eric E. Johnson. Berwyn Heights, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2015. {{FSC|2487432|item|disp=FS Library book 973 M2jee}}; {{WorldCat|908179074|item|disp= At various libraries}} | ||
====Navy==== | ====Navy==== | ||
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''' Union Navy''' | ''' Union Navy''' | ||
*''The African American in the Union Navy 1861-1865 | *''The African American in the Union Navy 1861-1865,'' By David L. Valuska. New York, New York : Garland Pub. Co., 1993. {{FSC|641460|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 F2va}}; {{WorldCat|27011904|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}} - Includes a roster of sailors. | ||
''' United States Colored Troops Sources ''' | ''' United States Colored Troops Sources ''' | ||
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<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
'''Additional Sources'''<br> | '''Additional Sources'''<br> | ||
*''Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era | *''Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era,'' by John David Smith. North Carolina, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. {{WorldCat|49529915|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*''Voices of Emancipation : Understanding Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction Through the U.S. Pension Bureau files | *''Voices of Emancipation : Understanding Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction Through the U.S. Pension Bureau files,'' by Elizabeth A. Regosin and Donald R. Shaffer, ed.. New York, New York : New York University Press, 2008. {{FSC|3501914|item|disp=FS Catalog 973 H6re}}; {{WorldCat|182552853|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*''The Black Military Experience | *''The Black Military Experience,'' by Ira Berlin, editor; Joseph P. Reidy, associate editor; Leslie S. Rowland, associate editor. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press, c1982. {{FSC|519024|item|disp= FS Catalog book 973 M2bL}}; {{WorldCat|8410377|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat}} | ||
*''Forgotten Warriors : New Jersey's African American Soldiers in the Civil War | *''Forgotten Warriors : New Jersey's African American Soldiers in the Civil War,'' by Joseph G. Bilby. Hightstown, New Jersey: Longstreet House, c1993. {{FSC|610356|item|disp=FS Library catalog 974.9 M2bil}}; {{WorldCat|30376353|item|disp= At various libraries - (WorldCat)}} | ||
*''Make way for liberty : Wisconsin African Americans in the Civil War'' by Jeff Kannel. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2020. {{FSC|4439315|item|disp=FS Library 977.5 F2kj}} | |||
'''Confederate States Army'''<br> | '''Confederate States Army'''<br> | ||
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*One of the units accompanied General Lee's retreat toward Appomattox and fought at the battle of Amelia, Virginia two days before Lee's surrender. | *One of the units accompanied General Lee's retreat toward Appomattox and fought at the battle of Amelia, Virginia two days before Lee's surrender. | ||
:*''Report of the General Superintendent of Freedmen],''Unites States Army Dept. of the Tennessee, General Superintendent of Freedmen. Memphis, Tennessee: n.p., 1865. '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.archive.org/details/reportofgenerals02unit Internet Archive] | :*''Report of the General Superintendent of Freedmen],''Unites States Army Dept. of the Tennessee, General Superintendent of Freedmen. Memphis, Tennessee: n.p., 1865. '''''Online at:''''' [https://www.archive.org/details/reportofgenerals02unit Internet Archive] | ||
:*''Cheerful Yesterdays '' Thomas Wentworth Higginson. New York, Arno Press, 1968, 374 pages. Series: The American Negro; his history and literature. {{WorldCat|274064|item|disp= | :*''Cheerful Yesterdays,'' by Thomas Wentworth Higginson. New York, Arno Press, 1968, 374 pages. Series: The American Negro; his history and literature. {{WorldCat|274064|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=_9M3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cheerful+yesterdays&hl=en&ei=kFOaTczdAcbfiAKeorSdCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false GoogleBooks], [https://www.archive.org/details/cheerfulyesterd00higggoog Internet Archive.] | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
''' National Archives ''' | ''' National Archives ''' | ||
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*In 1869 the Infantry Regiments were reorganized: | *In 1869 the Infantry Regiments were reorganized: | ||
:*38th and 41st became the 24th Infantry Regiment | :*38th and 41st became the [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10537389 24th Infantry Regiment] | ||
:*39th and 40th became the 25th Infantry Regiment | :*39th and 40th became the [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10488747 25th Infantry Regiment] | ||
{{Template:African American Military Microfilms}} | {{Template:African American Military Microfilms}} | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
*''Complete History of the Colored Soldiers in the World War;'' New York City: Bennett & Churchill, 1919. ''''Online it:'''' [https://archive.org/details/completehistory00unkngoog/page/n2 Internet Archive] | *''Complete History of the Colored Soldiers in the World War;'' New York City: Bennett & Churchill, 1919. ''''Online it:'''' [https://archive.org/details/completehistory00unkngoog/page/n2 Internet Archive] | ||
*''African American Doctors of World War I : the lives of 104 volunteers'' W. Douglas Fisher and Joann H. Buckley. Jefferson, North Carolina : McFarland & Company Inc., Publishers, 2016. {{FSC|3754091|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 M26fw}}; {{WorldCat|917343489|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}}<br> | *''African American Doctors of World War I : the lives of 104 volunteers,'' by W. Douglas Fisher and Joann H. Buckley. Jefferson, North Carolina : McFarland & Company Inc., Publishers, 2016. {{FSC|3754091|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 M26fw}}; {{WorldCat|917343489|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}}<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''Second Italo-Abyssinian War''' <br> | '''Second Italo-Abyssinian War''' <br> | ||
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''' Additional Sources ''' | ''' Additional Sources ''' | ||
*''African Americans in the United States Army in World War II | *''African Americans in the United States Army in World War II,'' by Bryan D. Booker. Jefferson, North Carolina : McFarland, 2012, 2008. {{FSC|3754078|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 M2bbd}}; {{WorldCat|789164582|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*''African American World War II Casualties and Decorations in the Navy, Coast Guard and Merchant Marine'' | *''African American World War II Casualties and Decorations in the Navy, Coast Guard and Merchant Marine,'' by Glenn A. Knoblock, Jefferson, North Carolina : McFarland & Company Inc., Publishers, ©2009. {{FSC|3754096|item|disp=FS Catalog book 943 M2kg}}; {{WorldCat|318192048|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*National Archives. United States, military records : African-Americans in the military, 1945. Salt Lake City | *National Archives. United States, military records : African-Americans in the military, 1945. Salt Lake City: Digitized by FamilySearch International, 2017. {{FSC|2821263|item|disp=FS Library image nos. 101674491 - 101674511}} | ||
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=== For Further Reading=== | === For Further Reading=== | ||
*''Records of Military Agencies Relating to African Americans From the Post-World War I period to the Korean War,'' compiled by Lisha B. Penn. Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Administration, 2006 {{FSC|1375519|item|disp= FS Catalog book 973 J53r v. 105}}; {{WorldCat|489082688|item|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | |||
*''Records of Military Agencies Relating to African Americans From the Post-World War I period to the Korean War | *''Black Americans in Defense of their Nation,'' By Mark R. Salser. Portland, Oregon: National Book, 1992. {{FSC|1009067|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 M2smr}}; {{WorldCat|25614996|item|disp= At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*''Black Americans in Defense of their Nation | *Lenwood G. Davis and George Hill, comp. ''Blacks in the American armed forces, 1776-1983 : a bibliography'' Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985 {{FSC|338275|item|disp=FS Library 973 F23dL}} | ||
*[https://archive.org/details/servicesofcolore00nell_0/page/n2 '' Services of Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812. ''By William C. Nell. Philadelphia, PA.: A.M.E. Publishing Co., 1894.] | *[https://archive.org/details/servicesofcolore00nell_0/page/n2 '' Services of Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812. ''By William C. Nell. Philadelphia, PA.: A.M.E. Publishing Co., 1894.] | ||
*[https://archive.org/details/coloredregularsi00stew/page/n8 ''The Colored Regulars in the United States Army. Sketch of the History of the Colored Americans, and an Account of His Services in the Wars of the Country, from the Period of the Revolutionary War to 1899.''] By T.G. Steward. Philadelphia, A.M. E. Book Concern, 1904. | *[https://archive.org/details/coloredregularsi00stew/page/n8 ''The Colored Regulars in the United States Army. Sketch of the History of the Colored Americans, and an Account of His Services in the Wars of the Country, from the Period of the Revolutionary War to 1899.''] By T.G. Steward. Philadelphia, A.M. E. Book Concern, 1904. | ||
*[https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/summer/military-agencies'' Documenting African Americans in the Records of Military Agencies.'' By Lisha Penn. Prologue 29 (Summer, 1997)] | |||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||