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===Online Resources=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
*[https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | *[https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/library/MENA/yemen-books Arab Genealogy Books Online] at FamilySearch Library; open access collection of Arabic genealogy books that have been digitized and can be browsed by country/region. They contain valuable information about tribal histories and family lineages. | |||
*[https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | |||
**Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | |||
*''The History of the 'Awaliq Tribes and Their Impact on Contemporary Media (in Arabic)'', by Dr. 'Alawi 'Umar bin Furayr al-'Awaliqi. Beirut: Dar Qutaybah, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240805_20240805_1837/mode/1up Archive.org]. | *''The History of the 'Awaliq Tribes and Their Impact on Contemporary Media (in Arabic)'', by Dr. 'Alawi 'Umar bin Furayr al-'Awaliqi. Beirut: Dar Qutaybah, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240805_20240805_1837/mode/1up Archive.org]. | ||
:*''تاريخ قبائل العوالق وأثره في الإعلام المعاصر'', الدكتور علوي عمر بن فرير العوالقي. بيروت: دار قتيبة، 2005. | :*''تاريخ قبائل العوالق وأثره في الإعلام المعاصر'', الدكتور علوي عمر بن فرير العوالقي. بيروت: دار قتيبة، 2005. | ||
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* ''The Glorious Pearls in the News of the Latest Arabs (in Arabic)'', by Sheikh Muhammad al-Bisam al-Najdi. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240628_20240628_0508/mode/1up Archive.org]; description of Arab tribes at time of writing in the 19th Century | * ''The Glorious Pearls in the News of the Latest Arabs (in Arabic)'', by Sheikh Muhammad al-Bisam al-Najdi. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240628_20240628_0508/mode/1up Archive.org]; description of Arab tribes at time of writing in the 19th Century | ||
**''الدرر المفاخر في أخبار العرب الأواخر''، الشيخ محمد البسام النجدي. | **''الدرر المفاخر في أخبار العرب الأواخر''، الشيخ محمد البسام النجدي. | ||
*''al- Badw wa-al-ʻashāʼir fī al-bilād al-ʻArabīyah'' by Ṭāhir, ʻAbd al-Jalīl. Cairo:Jāmiʻat al-Duwal al-ʻArabīyah, Maʻhad al-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah al-ʻĀlīyah, 1955. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/auc_aco000389 New York University]; Overview of Arab Bedouin and clans | |||
**.البدو والعشائر في البلاد العربية .عبد الجليل طاهر [القاهرة]:جامعة الدول العربية، معهد الدراسات العربية العالية، 1955 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.1'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003046 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الأول .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.2'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003047 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثاني .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.3'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003048 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثالث .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Sabāʼik al-dhahab fī maʻrifat qabāʼil al-ʻArab'' by Suwaydī, Muḥammad Amīn. Qum:al-Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah, 198-. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco002259 New York University]; Overview of Arab tribes | |||
**.سبائك الذهب في معرفة قبائل العرب .محمد أمين سويدي قم:المكتبة العلمية، 198- | |||
*''Nihāyat al-arab fī maʻrifat ansāb al-ʻarab'' by Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Baghdād:Maṭbaʻat al-Najāḥ, 1958. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco000445 New York University]; Important classical text detailing the histories and genealogies of major Arab tribes | |||
**. | |||
*''Kitāb nasab Quraysh'' by Zubayrī, Muṣʻab ibn ʻAbd Allāh. al-Qāhirah:Dār al-Maʻārif lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1953. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/nyu_aco001366 New York University]; Classical genealogy of the Quraysh tribe, the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad | |||
**.كتاب نسب قريش .المصعب بن عبد الله الزبيري [القاهرة]:دار المعارف ,1953نهاية الأرب في معرفة أنساب العرب .أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي بغداد:مطبعة النجاح ,1958 | |||
===Print Publications=== | ===Print Publications=== | ||
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*''An Account of the Arab Tribes in the vicinity of Aden... Compiled under the orders of Government. [With genealogical tables and maps.]''. By Frederick Mercer and SEALY (Charles William Henry) Hunter, Charles William Henry Sealy. London: British Library, Historical Print Editions, 1886. {{WorldCat|1166410807|At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | *''An Account of the Arab Tribes in the vicinity of Aden... Compiled under the orders of Government. [With genealogical tables and maps.]''. By Frederick Mercer and SEALY (Charles William Henry) Hunter, Charles William Henry Sealy. London: British Library, Historical Print Editions, 1886. {{WorldCat|1166410807|At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Arabian_Peninsula_Tribes.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Arab Tribes in the Arabian Peninsula, Drawn by Harold Dixon in 1914]] | |||
===Tribes in Yemen=== | |||
The tribes of Yemen are deeply integrated into the country's social and political fabric, with approximately 200 to 400 tribes making up about 85% of the population. The major tribal federations include Himyar, Madhhaj, Kinda, and Hamdan. The Madhhaj group consists of the Ans, Murad, and Al-Hadda tribes, while the Himyar tribes are located in the southern mountainous regions and central plateaus. The Hamdan federation includes the Hashid and Bakil tribes. Over time, some tribes have shifted alliances, with Madhhaj tribes joining the Bakil confederation and some Himyar tribes joining the Hashid confederation. These tribes have a long history, often tracing their roots back to the Kingdom of Sheba.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Tribes of Yemen," Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 11 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Yemen.</ref> | |||
===General Information about Tribes=== | |||
In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | |||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | |||
Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders. | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe. In some cases, new tribes formed as the result of alliances between pre-existing tribal groups. Individual families may have occasionally become clients of a different tribe and eventually adopted as members. On an even smaller scale, individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | |||
==Types of Records== | ==Types of Records== | ||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | ==Information Recorded in the Records== | ||
==Strategy== | *'''Books''' - There are numerous books written on Yemeni and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Yemen are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. | ||
== Strategy== | |||
The published works above include information useful for tracing Yemeni tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | The published works above include information useful for tracing Yemeni tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Yemen]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | [[Category:Yemen]] | ||
[[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | |||
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