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== | ==Resources== | ||
===Classical=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
* [https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | |||
* [https://www.familysearch.org/en/library/MENA/bahrain-books Arab Genealogy Books Online] at FamilySearch Library; open access collection of Arabic genealogy books that have been digitized and can be browsed by country/region. They contain valuable information about tribal histories and family lineages. | |||
*''Al-Mashjar Al-Alaiyah in the lineage and history of the Al-Arajiya masters'' by Al-Araji, Halim Hassan. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates :Dar Al-Mahaja Al-Bayda for Printing, Publishing and Distribution,, 2019. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932108}} | |||
**"المشجرة العلية في نسب وتاريخ السادة الاعرجية /'' الاعرجي، حليم حسن | |||
*''Al-Mashjar al-Kashfah’s book to investigate the origins of the noble masters'' by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Umaid al-Din Ali al-Husayni al-Najfi and Abdul Ghani, Arif Ahmed Sada, Abdullah Hussein. Damascus, Syria :Dār Kinān lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ,, 2001. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932110}} | |||
**"كتاب المشجر الكشاف لتحقيق أصول السادة الأشراف /'' نسابة، محمد بن أحمد بن عميد الدين علي الحسيني النجفي, عبد الغني، عارف أحمد سادة، عبد الله حسين | |||
*''Al-Muntaqa in the wake of Al-Hasan Al-Mujtaba'' by Al-Hasani, Ihab Yaqoub Al-Kutbi. al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia :Dar Al-Mujtaba for Publishing and Distribution,, 1999. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932287}} | |||
**"المنتقى في أعقاب الحسن المجتبى /'' الحسني، ايهاب يعقوب الكتبي | |||
*''The Anza tribe, its history, men, and lineages in Iraq, the Peninsula, and the Levant'' by Reza Nasser Hossein. Beirut, Lebanon :Dār al Raafidayni,, 1994. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|936637}} | |||
**"قبيلة عنزة تاريخها، رجالتها، انسابها في العراق والجزيرة والشام /'' ضا ناصر حسين | |||
*''The Arabs of Bahrain: The History of the Local States of Banu Aqil in the Gulf and Eastern Arabian Peninsula'' (''in Arabic'') by Muhammad Mahmoud Khalil. Cairo, Egypt : Maktabat al-Thaqāfah al-Dīnīyah, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932296}} | |||
** 2007, عرب البحرين : تاريخ الدويلات المحلية لبني عقيل في الخليج وشرق الجزيرة العربية | |||
*''Attention to the tribes of narrators Ibn Abd al-Barr'' by Ebiary, Ibrahim. Beirut, Lebanon :Dār al-Kitaab al-Earabiu,, 1983. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935312}} | |||
**"الإنباه على قبائل الرواة ابن عبد البر /'' إبياري، إبراهيم | |||
*''Baloch: Arab Baloch tribes and their role in defending Arabs and Muslims'' by Attar, Adnan. Damascus, Syria :ʻA. al-ʻAṭṭār,, 2009. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932166}} | |||
**"البلوش : قبائل البلوش العربية و دورها في الدفاع عن العرب و المسلمين /'' عطار، عدنان | |||
*''The Bani Kaab tribe: political and social history in the Arabian Peninsula and the Arabian Gulf'' by Faras, Mohammed Fahd. Beirut, Lebanon :al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt,, 2020. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|937246}} | |||
**"قبيلة بني كعب : التاريخ السياسي والإجتماعي في شبه الجزيرة العربية والخليج العربي /'' فرس، محمد فهد | |||
*''Bani Khalid tribe in history : flags, events, places, poems, maps, pictures and documents published for the first time, the tribe in some Arab countries, Iraq, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, the Emirates ... '' by Nāṣirī, Aḥmad al-ʻĀmirī. Beirut, Lebanon :Al Rafidayn,, 2009. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883261}} | |||
**"قبيلة بني خالد في التاريخ : أعلام ، أحداث ، أماكن ، قصائد ، خرائط و صور و وثائق تنشر لأول مرة ، القبيلة في بعض الدول العربية ، العراق ، فلسطين ، السعودية ، الكويت ، قطر ، البحرين ، سوريا ، الأردن ، لبنان ، عماّن ، الإمارات ... /'' الناصري ، أحمد العامري. | |||
*''Banu Tamim tribe: its history, lineage, and notable figures'' by Dhahabī, Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Riḍā. Beirut, Lebanon :Al Dar Al Arabiyah lil-Mawsu'at,, 2004. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883247}} | |||
**"قبيلة بني تميم : تاريخها، أنسابها، أعلامها /'' ذهبي، محمد عبد الرضا. | |||
*''Chosen from the Adnan and Qahtan tribes'' by Al Mubarak, Khalaf bin Hadid. Kuwait :Maktabat Āfāq,, 2011. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|938338}} | |||
**"المختار من قبائل عدنان وقحطان /'' آل مبارك، خلف بن حديد | |||
* [https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | |||
**Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | |||
*''Dictionary of the land of Bani Kalb, the Sahul tribe, and its most important families in the Arabian Peninsula'' by Sahlī, Fahhād ibn Saʻd ibn Hamalān. Beirut, Lebanon :Al Dar Al Arabiyah lil-Mawsu'at,, 2004. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883263}} | |||
**"معجم بلاد بني كلاب وقبيلة السهول وأهم أسرها في الجزيرة العربية /'' سهلي، فهاد بن سعد بن هملان. | |||
*''Encyclopedia of Arab tribes: field and historical research'' by Ok, Muhammad Suleiman. Madīnat Naṣr, Cairo :Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī,, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|927934}} | |||
**"موسوعة القبائل العربية : بحوث ميدانية وتاريخية /'' طيب، محمد سليمان | |||
*''The followers of the son of Imam, Commander of the Faithful'' by Aqeeqi, Yahya ibn al-Hasan. Qom, Iran : | |||
Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmá al-Marʻashī al-Najafī, | |||
, 2001. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935286}}" | |||
**"المعقبين من ولد الإمام أمير المؤمنين /'' عقيقي، يحيى بن الحسن، | |||
*''Genealogies of Arab tribes according to historical sources'' by Maslat, Farhan Abdul Aziz. Damascus, Syria :Dār al-Shajarah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ,, 2002. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939973}} | |||
**"أنساب القبائل العربية وفق المصادر التاريخية /'' مسلط، فرحان عبد العزيز | |||
*''The Gulf, its countries and tribes'' by Miles, S. B. and Abdullah, Muhammad Amin | |||
. Muscat, OmanWizāraẗ at-turāt̲ wa-al-t̲aqāfaẗ, Salṭanaẗ ʻUmān,, 2016. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|927913}}" | |||
**"الخليج بلدانه وقبائله /'' عبد الله، محمد أمين | |||
*''The history of the Juhayna tribe and its migrations from the Arabian Peninsula, and its role in spreading Arabism and Islam in East Africa'' by Ali, Ismail Hamid Ismail. Damascus, Syria :Nūr Ḥūrān lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Turāth,, 2021. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932128}} | |||
**"تاريخ قبيلة جهينة وهجراتها من جزيرة العرب، ودورها في نشر العروبة والإسلام في شرق أفريقيا /'' علي، إسماعيل حامد إسماعيل | |||
*''The Kinda tribe and its role in Arab-Islamic history until the end of the Umayyad era 132-41 AH / 750-661 AD'' by Abdul Basit Abdul Razzaq Hussein Ali Al-Alusi. Damascus, Syria :Nour and Arrab Publishing House,, 2011. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|938752}} | |||
**"قبيلة كندة ودورها في التاريخ العربي الإسلامي حتى نهاية العصر الأموي ١٣٢-٤١ه/٧٥٠-٦٦١م /'' عبدالباسط عبدالرزاق حسين علي الألوسي | |||
*''The Mutair tribe: its history, lineages, civilized families, figures, poets, horses and camels'' by Sanah, Abdul Aziz bin Saad. Beirut, Lebanon :al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt,, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935280}} | |||
**"قبيلة مطير : تاريخها، أنسابها، أسرها المتحضرة، أعلامها، شعراؤها، خيلها وإبلها /'' سناح، عبد العزيز بن سعد، | |||
*''Mutair tribes'' by Maslat, Saleh Hawash. Damascus, Syria :Dar al-Maktabi,, 2014. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932098}} | |||
**"قبائل مطير /'' مسلط، صالح هواش | |||
*''The origins in the offspring of the virginal woman'' by Anas Yaqoub. al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia :, 1999. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932155}} | |||
**"الأصول في ذرية البضعة البتول /'' كتبي، أنس يعقوب | |||
*''Origins of tribes in the world'' by Abu Saeeda, Hussein. Beirut, Lebanon :Dār al-Maḥajjah al-Bayḍāʼ lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2020. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932119}} | |||
**"أصول القبائل في العالم /'' أبو سعيدة، حسين | |||
*''Al-Rawd Al-Mustab in the history and lineage of the Etab tribe'' by Kamel Al-Atabi. Baghdad, Iraq :Al-Murthadha Publishing,, 2013. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939975}} | |||
**"الروض المستطاب في تاريخ ونسب قبيلة عتاب /'' كامل العتابي | |||
* "Records of Bahrain: Primary Documents, 1820-1960," Slough: Archive Editions, 1993. '''''Online at'':''' [https://archive.org/details/records-of-bahrain-1820-1960-vol-i-1820-1868/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org] | |||
*''Register zu den genealogischen Tabellen der Arabischen Stämme und Familien : mit historischen und geographischen Bemerkungen (Register to the genealogical tables of the Arabian tribes and families : with historical and geographical remarks) | |||
'' by Wüstenfeld, Heinrich Ferdinand. London, EnglandForgotten Books,, 2018. {{FSC|4498758|item|disp=FS Catalog book 953 D2w 2018}}" | |||
*''A summary of a speech about the lineage of Omar bin Al-Khattab: He refuted the fabrications of the Imami Shiites about his lineage and some of the Companions, may God be pleased with them'' by Ibn Ibrahim, Abu Muadh al-Sayyid ibn Ahmad. Egypt :Maktabat al-Bukhārī,, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935308}} | |||
**"أوجز خطاب في نسب عمر بن الخطاب : ورد افتراءات الشيعة الإمامية حول نسبه هو وبعض الصحابة رضي الله عنهم /'' ابن إبراهيم، أبو معاذ السيد بن أحمد | |||
*''The Taghlib tribe in pre-Islamic times and Islam: lineage, notables, poetry, literature'' by Harfoush, Abdelkader Fayyad. Damascus, Syria :Dār al-Bashāʼir,, 1999. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|927894}} | |||
**"قبيلة تغلب في الجاهلية والإسلام : نسب، أعلام، شعر، أدب /'' حرفوش، عبد القادر فياض | |||
*''Tamimi families in Hotat Bani Tamim'' by Tamimi, Ibrahim bin Rashid and Abu Haimed, Abd al-Rahman. Beirut, Lebanon :al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt,, 2004. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935284}} | |||
**"الأسر التميمية في حوطة بني تميم /'' تميمي، إبراهيم بن راشد أبو حيمد، عبد الرحمن | |||
*''The Three Messages: Al-Mustabat fi the Lineage of Sadat Tabah'' by Shadqami, Hassan ibn Ali and Rajai, Mahdi Ibn Shadqam, Ali Ibn Al-Hassan. Qom, Iran :Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmá al-Marʻashī al-Najafī al-Kubrá,, 2002. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932125}} | |||
**"الرسائل الثلاث : المستطابة في نسب سادات طابة /'' شدقمى، حسن بن على , رجائى، مهدى ابن شدقم، على ابن الحسن | |||
*''Tuhfat Al-Albab fi Sharh Al-Ansab / written by Hammad bin Al-Amin Al-Majlisi Al-Mauritani'' by Mauritanian, Hammad ibn al-Amin and Al-Shanqiti, Ahmad al-Mukhtar al-Jakani . Beirut, Lebanon :Ealam al-Kutub,, 2012. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932271}} | |||
**"تحفة الألباب في شرح الأنساب / تأليف حماد بن الأمين المجلسي الموريتاني'' الموريتاني، حماد بن الأمين الشنقيطي، أحمد المختار الجكني | |||
*''The various tribes and their combinations'' by Muhammad bin Habib and Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand. London, England :Al-Warrak Publishing,, 2021. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932062}} | |||
**"مختلف القبائل ومؤتلفها /'' محمد بن حبيب | |||
*''The various tribes and their combinations'' by Ibn Habib, Abu Ja'far Muhammad and Ebiary, Ibrahim. Cairo, Egypt :Dār al-Kitāb al-Misriu,, 2008. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932266}} | |||
**"مختلف القبائل ومؤتلفها /'' ابن حبيب, أبو جعفر محمد, إبياري، إبراهيم | |||
*''Muqaddimat tārīkh al-ʻArab al-ḥadīth 1500-1918'' by Gharāybah, ʻAbd al-Karīm Maḥmūd. Dimashq:Maṭbaʻat Jāmiʻat Dimashq, 1960. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/nyu_aco001050 New York University]; Modern history of the Arabs, with focus on Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula. | |||
**.مقدمة تاريخ العرب 1500-1918 الحديث .عبد الكريم محمود الغرايبة دمشق:مطبعة جامعة دمشق،, 1960 | |||
*''Anṭākīyah al-Urthūdhuksīyah, aw, tārīkh al-Ābā’ Baṭāriqat Anṭākiyah'' by Burayk, Mīkhāʼīl. al-Qāhirah:al-Maṭba‘ah al-Tijārīyah, 1903. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco000353 New York University]; History of the Patriarchs of Antioch. | |||
**.انطاكية الارثوذكسية، أو تاريخ الآباء بطارقة انطاكية .مخائيل بريك القاهرة:المطبعة التجارية،, 1903 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.1'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003046 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الأول .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.2'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003047 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثاني .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.3'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003048 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثالث .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Sabāʼik al-dhahab fī maʻrifat qabāʼil al-ʻArab'' by Suwaydī, Muḥammad Amīn. Qum:al-Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah, 198-. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco002259 New York University]; Overview of Arab tribes | |||
**.سبائك الذهب في معرفة قبائل العرب .محمد أمين سويدي قم:المكتبة العلمية، 198- | |||
*''Nihāyat al-arab fī maʻrifat ansāb al-ʻarab'' by Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Baghdād:Maṭbaʻat al-Najāḥ, 1958. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco000445 New York University]; Important classical text detailing the histories and genealogies of major Arab tribes | |||
**. | |||
*''Kitāb nasab Quraysh'' by Zubayrī, Muṣʻab ibn ʻAbd Allāh. al-Qāhirah:Dār al-Maʻārif lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1953. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/nyu_aco001366 New York University]; Classical genealogy of the Quraysh tribe, the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad | |||
**.كتاب نسب قريش .المصعب بن عبد الله الزبيري [القاهرة]:دار المعارف ,1953نهاية الأرب في معرفة أنساب العرب .أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي بغداد:مطبعة النجاح ,1958 | |||
* See also: [[Saudi Arabia Tribes and Clans]] for more online books about tribes in the Arabian Peninsula | |||
===Print Publications=== | |||
====Arabic==== | ====Arabic==== | ||
*جمهرة النسب. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠٠٤ | *جمهرة النسب. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠٠٤ | ||
| Line 22: | Line 112: | ||
*نسب معد واليمن الكبير. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠١٠ | *نسب معد واليمن الكبير. أبو المنذر هشام بن محمد بن السائب الكلبي. بيروت، لبنان: عالم الكتب, ٢٠١٠ | ||
*نهاية الارب في معرفة انساب العرب. أبو العباس أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية | *نهاية الارب في معرفة انساب العرب. أبو العباس أحمد بن علي بن أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الكتب العلمية | ||
*''The Arab Tribes: Their Historical Origins and Roots (in Arabic)'', by Jamal Mashari al-Rafdi. '''''Online at''''': [https://archive.org/details/20240502_20240502_1126/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org]. | |||
*'' | **''القبائل العربية: أصولها جذورها التاريخية''، جمال بن مشاري الرفدي. | ||
*''The Glorious Pearls in the News of the Latest Arabs (in Arabic)'', by Sheikh Muhammad al-Bisam al-Najdi. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240628_20240628_0508/mode/1up Archive.org]; description of Arab tribes at time of writing in the 19th Century | |||
**''الدرر المفاخر في أخبار العرب الأواخر''، الشيخ محمد البسام النجدي. | |||
* | |||
*'' | |||
*سيرة آل هذال: شيوخ قبيلة عنزة، أخوان بتلا. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩ | *سيرة آل هذال: شيوخ قبيلة عنزة، أخوان بتلا. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩ | ||
*قبيلة بني خالد في التاريخ. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩ | *قبيلة بني خالد في التاريخ. الشيخ احمد العامري الناصري. لبنان - بيروت: الرفدين, ٢٠٠٩ | ||
*قبيلة عنزة تاريخها، رجلاتها، أنسابها في العراق والجزيرة. الشيخ محروث الهذال (أمير عنزة). لبنان - بيروت: دار الرفدين, ٢٠٠٥ | *قبيلة عنزة تاريخها، رجلاتها، أنسابها في العراق والجزيرة. الشيخ محروث الهذال (أمير عنزة). لبنان - بيروت: دار الرفدين, ٢٠٠٥ | ||
====German==== | |||
*''Ǧamharat an-nasab : das genealogische Werk des Hišam Ibn Muḥammad al-Kalbī (Band I und II).'' By Werner Caskel. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1966. {{FSC|4134132|item|disp=FS Catalog book INTL 953 D2c}} | |||
==Background== | |||
===Tribes in Bahrain=== | |||
The Baharna, considered the original inhabitants of Eastern Arabia, have a rich history in Bahrain dating back to pre-Islamic times. Other significant tribes include the Banu Utbah, from which the ruling Al Khalifa family descends, as well as the Banu Abdul Qays, Anizah, Banu Tamim, Al-Azd, and Bakr Bin Wail. These tribes have played crucial roles in shaping Bahrain's history, contributing to its Arabization and the spread of Islamic culture. The Baharna, in particular, have maintained a distinct cultural identity, with their dialect exhibiting influences from Akkadian, Aramaic, and Syriac languages.<ref>Wiki contributors, "Baharna," ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', accessed 10 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baharna.</ref><ref>Wiki contributors, "Tribes of Arabia," Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, accessed 10 February 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia.</ref> | |||
===General Information about Tribes=== | |||
In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | |||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | |||
Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders. | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe. In some cases, new tribes formed as the result of alliances between pre-existing tribal groups. Individual families may have occasionally become clients of a different tribe and eventually adopted as members. On an even smaller scale, individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | |||
==Types of Records== | |||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | |||
* '''Books''' - There are only a few books written specifically about the tribal history of Bahrain, but many have been written more broadly about Arab tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes which have inhabited Bahrain have also been found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. | |||
==Strategy== | |||
The published works above include information useful for tracing tribal lineages in Bahrain. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | |||
Some of the resources listed above treat with specific tribes, while others look at groups of tribes. The scope of each resource affects the level of detail it contains on actual individuals and their families. While some books contain detailed genealogies with specific names from generation to generation, others treat with tribes generally, focusing more on their history and movement. The latter type of book can be especially useful for individuals who are unsure of where their ancestors lived, as these books can provide information on towns or regions where certain tribes can be found. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Bahrain]] | [[Category:Bahrain]] | ||
[[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | |||
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