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{{Jordan | {{CountrySidebar | ||
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==History== | ==General History== | ||
In its ancient history, Jordan had three stable kingdoms: Ammon, Moab, and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabateans, who built the iconic city of Petra, the Roman Empire, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate, the Mamluk Sultanate, and the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]]. | |||
During the Ottoman period, Jordan was part of Greater Syria, a region that included modern-day [[Syria Genealogy|Syria]], [[Lebanon Genealogy|Lebanon]], and [[Palestine Genealogy|Palestine]]. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Jordan became a [[England Genealogy|British]] protectorate known as the Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan gained full independence and was established as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, under the leadership of King Abdullah I. Since that time, Jordan has experienced significant waves of immigration by opening its borders to millions of refugees from neighboring countries such as [[Palestine Diaspora|Palestine]], [[Iraq Genealogy|Iraq]], and [[Syria Diaspora|Syria]]. Additionally, many Jordanians have emigrated to Gulf countries for better employment opportunities, as well as to the [[United States Genealogy|United States]] and other Western countries. | |||
Jordan's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, with significant archaeological sites and a blend of Nabatean, Roman, and Islamic influences. The population is approximately 94% Arab and the remaining 6% comprise ethnic minorities such as Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, and Kurds. The main spoken language is Arabic, with English widely used as a second language, especially in business and education.<ref>"Jordan," Wikipedia, updated 9 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan</ref><ref>''Jordanian Kurds and their role in building modern Jordan: with glimpses of the Kurds of Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine'' by Kurdish, Muhammad Ali al-Suwairki. Sulaymānīyah, Iraq:Muʼassasat Zayn, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932116}} الأكراد الأردنيون ودورهم في بناء الأردن الحديث : مع لمحات عن أكراد سوريا، لبنان، وفلسطين / كردي، محمد علي الصويركي</ref> | |||
== | ==Timeline== | ||
The | * '''1200 BCE''' The Iron Age begins, and the region sees the rise of ancient kingdoms such as Ammon, Moab, and Edom. | ||
* '''312 BCE''' The Nabatean Kingdom is established, with Petra as its capital. | |||
* '''63 BCE''' The Roman Empire conquers the Nabatean Kingdom, incorporating it into the province of Arabia Petraea. | |||
* '''324''' The Byzantine Empire takes control of the region, leading to the spread of Christianity. | |||
* '''636''' The Islamic Caliphate conquers the region, marking the beginning of Islamic rule. | |||
* '''1516-1918''' Jordan is part of the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]], included in the region known as Greater Syria. | |||
* '''1921''' The Emirate of Transjordan is established under [[England Genealogy|British]] mandate, with Abdullah I as the emir. | |||
* '''1946''' Jordan gains full independence from Britain and becomes the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with Abdullah I as king. | |||
* '''1948''': First major wave of [[Palestine Diaspora|Palestinian]] refugees arrives in Jordan following the Arab-Israeli War. | |||
* '''1967''' Second major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Six-Day War. | |||
* '''1994''' Jordan signs a peace treaty with [[Israel Genealogy|Israel]], becoming the second Arab country to do so. | |||
* '''2003''' Significant influx of [[Iraq Genealogy|Iraqi]] refugees into Jordan following the Iraq War. | |||
* '''2011''' The Arab Spring leads to political reforms in Jordan, including constitutional amendments and new election laws. | |||
* '''2011''' Arrival of [[Syria Diaspora|Syrian]] refugees begins due to the Syrian Civil War. | |||
== | ==Resources== | ||
===Online Resources=== | |||
*''Tārīkh al-Shām (1720-1782)'' by Burayk, Mīkhāʼīl. Ḥarīṣā, Lubnān:Maṭbaʻat al-Qiddīs Būlus, 1930. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco001696 New York University]; Religious, political, and civil history of the Orthodox church in the Levant region. | |||
**.تاريخ الشام (1720-1782) .مخائيل بريك حريصا، لبنان:مطبعة القديس بولس،, 1930 | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Jordan]] [[Category: | [[Category:Jordan]] [[Category:Histories]] | ||
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