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| {{Norway-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | | {{CountrySidebar |
| | |Country=Norway |
| | |Name=Norway |
| | |Type=Topic |
| | |Topic Type=Records |
| | |Records=Military Records |
| | |Rating=Acceptable |
| | }} |
| | {{breadcrumb |
| | link1=[[Norway Genealogy|Norway]] | | | link1=[[Norway Genealogy|Norway]] |
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| | link5=[[Norway Military Records|Military]] | | | link5=[[Norway Military Records|Military]] |
| }} | | }} |
| | ==Resources== |
| | === Online Resources === |
| | *'''1628-1940''' [https://media.digitalarkivet.no/view/32857/1 ''Oversiktsplan over den norske hærs organisasjon fra 1628 til 1940''] (RA-PA-0253/F/Fe/L0047) at [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/ The Digital Archives] |
| | *'''1915-1947''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62809 Norway, Foreign War Graves, 1915-1947] at Ancestry ($) |
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| <br>Norway has been involved in several wars, and its first military force is as old as the country itself. In the late middle ages the military was dissolved. The Danish king (Christian IV) decided in 1628 that a Norwegian army was to be re-established. This was the beginning of a permanent Norwegian Army.
| | == Background == |
| | Norway has been involved in several wars, and its first military force is as old as the country itself. In the late middle ages the military was dissolved. The Danish king (Christian IV) decided in 1628 that a Norwegian army was to be re-established. This was the beginning of a permanent Norwegian Army. |
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| The Norwegian Army was reorganized in 1641 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Sehested_%28governor%29 Hannibal Sehested], governor-general of Norway, and a general war commissioner was chosen 1644. In the 1650s there were two general war commissioners in Norway, one for north of the mountains (nordafjelske) and one for south of the mountains (sønnafjelske). The army was later organized with a general war commissioner and several regional war commissioners. The number of war commissioners varied between seven and ten from 1880 to1900. | | The Norwegian Army was reorganized in 1641 by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Sehested_%28governor%29 Hannibal Sehested], governor-general of Norway, and a general war commissioner was chosen 1644. In the 1650s there were two general war commissioners in Norway, one for north of the mountains (''nordafjelske'') and one for south of the mountains (''sønnafjelske''). The army was later organized with a general war commissioner and several regional war commissioners. The number of war commissioners varied between seven and ten from 1880 to 1900. |
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| Military records identify individuals who served in the military or who were eligible for service. Evidence that an ancestor actually served may be found in family records, biographies, census, probate records, civil registration, and church records. Other sources such as church and census records are more easily available and contain better genealogical information than the military records. | | Military records identify individuals who served in the military or who were eligible for service. Evidence that an ancestor actually served may be found in family records, biographies, census, probate records, civil registration, and church records. Other sources such as church and census records are more easily available and contain better genealogical information than the military records. |
| | | === Types of Records === |
| Military records include the following: | | Military records include the following: |
| | | {{columns-list|3| |
| *Muster rolls | | *Muster rolls |
| *Personnel files | | *Personnel files |
| *Regimental account books | | *Regimental account books |
| *Lists of officers | | *Lists of officers |
| *Accounts (officers) | | *Accounts (officers) |
| *Probate records (officers) | | *Probate records (officers) |
| *[https://www.krigsseilerregisteret.no/en/sjofolk Naval records] | | *[https://www.krigsseilerregisteret.no/en/sjofolk Naval records] |
| *[https://www.cwgc.org/find/find-war-dead Second World War Dead] | | *[https://www.cwgc.org/find/find-war-dead Second World War Dead] |
| | }} |
| | ==== Information Recorded in the Records ==== |
| | These records generally identify the soldier's name, age, parish, place of residence in the parish, physical description, and information about military service. |
| | == Branches of Service == |
| | From 1628 the Norwegian military forces have been organized by service specialty and further divided into regional units for recruitment purposes. |
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| Records of military service in Norway were kept by the Department of Defense. These records are now at the National Archives. [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/502752 The Family History Library] has on microfilm all the available military records for 1643 to 1909.
| | These specialties were ''Ingeniørvåben'' (Engineers), ''Artilleri'' (Artillery), ''Kavaleri'' (Cavalry) also called ''Dragoner'' (Dragoons), ''Gevorben Infanteri'' (Enlisted infantry), ''Nasjonal infanteri'' (Conscripted infantry), and ''Lokalvern og folke oppbud'' (Militia). |
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| Click on "Database selector" at the top of the page, Click on "Source Category" and choose ''The Military'', then Click on "Sub-category" and choose ''Military rolls. '' Click on Period and choose the years you want to search. A word of caution, the information online has been extracted from the original records and may contain mistakes. If ever in doubt, search the microfilms.
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| Because the military records from Norway are sketchy and not indexed, they are difficult to work with. The early records only give the names of individual soldiers. Information about officers is easier to find. In the 1700s and 1800s, the records give more detailed personal information about each soldier that can sometimes be found in other records. You may find such information as a soldier's name; age; father's name and occupation; civil occupation; place of residence; marital status; wife's name; number of children; height; bodily peculiarities; illnesses or characteristics that made him unfit to serve; previous service; joining date; length of service; and status as a farm owner renter or cotter.
| | The ''Nasjonal infanteri'' was divided into regional units and a ''skiløpere'' division which was divided into two units, ''Sønnenfjells'' (Southern Mountain) and ''Nodenfjells'' (Northern Mountain). |
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| To use Norwegian military records, you will have to determine the specific unit that your ancestor served in. If you do not know the name of the unit, you may be able to find out which units were in the area where he lived. To do this, you must know the town where the individual was living when he was of age to serve in the military. To determine what unit your ancestor belonged to, check the FamilySearch Catalog under:
| | === Historic Military Ranks === |
| | From the establishment of the Army until the end of the 19th century, the ranking system was fairly stable<REF>LokalhistorieWiki.no, [https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Milit%C3%A6re_grader Militære grader]. Accessed 3 February 2025.</REF>. |
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| NORWAY - MILITARY RECORDS
| | '''Menige (Enlisted)''' |
| | *Menig/Gemen |
| | *Under- og overkonstabel (Artillery) |
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| A useful biography about Norwegian military officers from 1628 to 1814 is:
| | '''Underoffiserer (Non-commisioned Officers)''' |
| | *Korporal |
| | *Bombarder (Artillery) |
| | *Sersjant |
| | *Fyrverker (Artillery) |
| | *Furér |
| | *Kommandersersjant |
| | *Fanejunker |
| | *Stykkjunker (Artillery, occasionally also the lowest officer rank) |
| | *Standartjunker (Cavalry) |
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| Olai Ovenstad. ''Militœbiografier, den norske hœrs officerer fra 18 januar 1628 til 17 mai 1814 (The Norwegian Army Officers from January 18, 1628 to May 17, 1814''). Oslo, Norway: Norsk Slektshistorisk Forening, 1948-19492. Two Volumes (FHL 948.1 D3o)
| | '''Offiserer (Officers)''' |
| | *Fenrik |
| | *Kornett (Cavalry) |
| | *Stykkjunker (Artillery, occasionally also highest non-commissioned officer rank) |
| | *Sekondløytnant |
| | *Premierløytnant |
| | *Kaptein |
| | *Rittmester (Cavalry) |
| | *Stykkhauptmann (Artillery) |
| | *Major |
| | *Oberstløytnant |
| | *Oberst |
| | *Generalmajor |
| | *Generalløytnant |
| | *General |
| | *Feltmarskalkløytnant |
| | *Feltmarskalk |
| | *Generalfeltmarskalk |
| | == Conflicts == |
| | Norway was involved in the following significant actions: |
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| A list of the regiments and companies for each county is listed. The main military records for Norway are to be found on the level of the country, but there are also a few listed under the level of county and city, which can be found in the [https://www.familysearch.org/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog] under:
| | '''The Nordic Seven-Year War, 1563-1570''' - War against Sweden waged by Frederic II of Denmark to win control of the Baltic Sea failed. |
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| NORWAY [COUNTY], - MILITARY RECORDS<br>NORWAY, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - MILITARY RECORDS
| | '''The Kalmar War, 1611-1613''' - Denmark-Norway against Sweden. |
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| The Regional Archives in Kongsberg has placed online four tables showing the [http://da2.uib.no/haer_innled.htm organization of the Norwegian army, 1628-1817]. | | '''The Hannibal Feud, 1643-1645. ''' - Norway lost Jämtland and Härjedalen to Sweden. |
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| === Military Terms ===
| | '''The Krabbe War and Bjelke Feud, 1657-1660''' - Norway lost Trondheim len and Romsdal to Sweden, but took back Jämtland and Härjedalen. |
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| '''Skipreie. '''A ''Skipreie'' or ''Skiprede'' was an area assigned to ourfit a ship for military use. Its size was determind according to the number of farms in the area and did not usually include the entire parish. A skipreie may have included a number of farms of a given parish while another skipreie included the remaining farms in the same parish. A skipreie was not confined to a parish border and may have included farms in several parishes. As the population grew, the area a given skipreie included became smaller. Today a skipreie is called Skipsrederi and is a factory in a city or town where ships are being built. | | '''The Gyldenløve Feud, 1675-1679''' - Norway's army went against Sweden. Also called the war of Skåne. |
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| | '''The Great Northern War, 1700-1720''' - Denmark-Norway joined the conflict in 1709, and as part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Frederiksborg Treaty of Frederiksborg] in 1720 Denmark-Norway gained full control over Schleswig. Small colonies were established in West Indies and Greenland. |
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| '''Fjerding. '''A ''Fjerding'' is an old administrative jurisdiction that subdivided a county, district (Herred), and sometimes also a skipreie (skiprede). Standardized spellings of place name (names) can first be found in the early1900s in Norway. Therefore, these terms may be spelled several different ways. | | '''Action against Sweden in Bohuslän, 1788''' - Denmark-Norway tried to take the fortress Bohus in Bohuslän. |
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| The ''Fjerding'' was not the only jurisdiction used in the middle ages, but it seems to have been an important one for the church and states. It is the remnant of an ancient system that was still being used in Rogaland County in conjunction with larger court district even in the 1700s and 1800s. | | '''The Napoleonic War, 1807-1814''' - Ended by treaty of Kiel in 1814 which forced Denmark to cede Norway to Sweden. |
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| The term ''Fjerding ''is mainly used in early records in Norway.
| | '''World War II, 1940-1945''' - Norway was occupied by forces of Nazi Germany from 9 April 1940 to 8 May 1945. |
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| A ''Fjerding'' could also mean 1/4th of a county in western Norway, or in Iceland it could men 1/4th of the whole country.
| | == Genealogical Value == |
| | Because the military records from Norway are sketchy and not indexed, they are difficult to work with. The early records only give the names of individual soldiers. Information about officers is easier to find. In the 1700s and 1800s, the records give more detailed personal information about each soldier that can sometimes be found in other records. You may find such information as a soldier's name; age; father's name and occupation; civil occupation; place of residence; marital status; wife's name; number of children; height; bodily peculiarities; illnesses or characteristics that made him unfit to serve; previous service; joining date; length of service; and status as a farm owner renter or cotter. |
| | == Strategy == |
| | Records of military service in Norway were kept by the Department of Defense. These records are now at the National Archives. The FamilySearch Library has all the available military records for 1643 to 1909 on digitized microfilm. See the FamilySearch Catalog entry for {{FSC|502752|item|disp=Militærprotokoller, 1643-1909}}. For more information on these records and how to use them see the [https://www.familysearch.org/en/help/helpcenter/lessons/norwegian-military-records Norwegian Military Records] class in the [https://www.familysearch.org/en/help/helpcenter/learning-center FamilySearch Learning Center]. |
| | === Determining the Unit === |
| | To use Norwegian military records, you will have to determine the specific unit that your ancestor served in. If you do not know the name of the unit, you may be able to find out which units were in the area where he lived. To do this, you must know the parish as well as the city or farm where the individual was living when he was of age to serve in the military. To determine what unit your ancestor belonged to, use these two helpful charts both digitized at [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en www.digitalarkivet.no] |
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| In the middle ages a ''Fjerding'' could mean 1/4th of a large distirct or area.
| | #Ovenstad, Olai - [https://media.digitalarkivet.no/en/db/contents/32845 Den norske hær 1628-1900] This collection of oversized charts is broken up into 53 time periods from 1628 to 1900. Each chart displays a map of the organization of the army for that time period consisting of the infantry, cavalry, and artillery regiments. Each company in the regiment is mapped at the bottom of the regiment with the corresponding officers of that company listed above. Companies were usually formed by geography, so the company name is often the same as the parish or region of its members. For example, if an ancestor is from a farm within the Eidsvold parish in Akershus county, one might look under one of the Akershusiske regiments for a company associated with Eidsvold or the Eidsvoldske company. Each parish does not have its own company, also look for companies that share a name with a neighboring parish to the one in which an ancestor resided. Once a specific unit has been determined as a possibility for an ancestor, search for the regiment's microfilm above in the "Militærprotokoller" and the company's record within the microfilm. Physical copies of these oversized charts may be found in the FamilySearch Library. See the FamilySearch catalog entry for "Oversiktsplan : over den norske hars organisasjon 18/1 1628 - 30/9 1940." |
| | #Kiærland, Lars - [https://media.digitalarkivet.no/en/db/contents/32857 Oversiktsplan over den norske hærs organisasjon fra 1628 til 1940] This collection consists of three oversized charts covering 12 time periods between 1628 and 1940. Each chart displays the division of the regiments over time into corps and companies. Identify the regiment (usually associated with a county or group of counties) and then the company (usually associated with a parish, group of parishes, or a geographical region like a valley). Physical copies of these oversized charts may be found in the FamilySearch Library. See the FamilySearch catalog entry for "Den norske Hær : 1628-1900." |
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| === Military History ===
| | Or check the FamilySearch Catalog under: |
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| Norway was involved in the following military actions: | | Norway - Military Records |
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| '''The Nordic Seven-Year War, 1563-1570.''' (War against Sweden waged by Frederic II of Denmark to win control of the Baltic Sea failed). | | A useful biography about Norwegian military officers from 1628 to 1814 is Olai Ovenstad's, ''Militœbiografier, den norske hœrs officerer fra 18 januar 1628 til 17 mai 1814''. Oslo, Norway: Norsk Slektshistorisk Forening, 1948-19492. {{FSC|403292|title-id|disp=FS Library book 948.1 D3o}}. |
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| '''The Kalmar War, 1611-1613.''' (Denmark-Norway against Sweden).
| | A list of the regiments and companies for each county is listed. The main military records for Norway are to be found on the national level, but there are also a few listed under county and city. These can be found in the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog FamilySearch Catalog] under: |
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| '''The Hannibal Feud, 1643-1645. '''(Norway lost Jämtland and Härjedalen to Sweden).
| | NORWAY [COUNTY], - MILITARY RECORDS<br>NORWAY, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - MILITARY RECORDS |
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| '''The Krabbe War and Bjelke Feud, 1657-1660.''' (Norway lost Trondheim len and Romsdal to Sweden, but took back Jämtland and Härjedalen).
| | === Military Terms === |
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| '''The Gyldenløve Feud, 1675-1679.''' (Norway's army went against Sweden. Also called the war of Skåne). | | '''Skipreie. '''A ''skipreie'' or ''skiprede'' was a coastal area assigned to build a ship and provide men and provisions for military use. Its size was determined according to the number of farms in the area and did not usually include the entire parish. A skipreie may have included a number of farms of a given parish while another skipreie included the remaining farms in the same parish. A skipreie was not confined to a parish border and may have included farms in several parishes. As the population grew, the area a given skipreie included became smaller. Today a skipreie is called ''Skipsrederi'' and is a factory in a city or town where ships are being built. |
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| '''The Eleven-Year War, 1709-1720.''' (At peace of 1720 Denmark lost many German possessions. Small colonies were established in West Indies and Greenland). | | '''Fjerding. '''A ''fjerding'' is an old administrative jurisdiction that subdivided a county, district (''herred''), and sometimes also a ''skipreie'' or ''skiprede''. Standardized spellings of place name (names) can first be found in the early 1900s in Norway. Therefore, these terms may be spelled several different ways. |
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| '''Action against Sweden in Bohuslän, 1788.''' (Denmark-Norway tried to take the fortress Bohus in Bohuslän). | | The ''fjerding'' was not the only jurisdiction used in the middle ages, but it seems to have been an important one for the church and states. It is the remnant of an ancient system that was still being used in Rogaland County in conjunction with larger court district even in the 1700s and 1800s. |
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| '''The Napoleonic War, 1807-1814.''' (Ended by treaty of Kiel in 1814 which forced Denmark to cede Norway to Sweden). | | The term ''fjerding ''is mainly used in early records in Norway. It could also mean 1/4th of a county in western Norway, or in Iceland it could men 1/4th of the whole country. In the middle ages a ''fjerding'' could mean 1/4th of a large district or area. |
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| '''Occupation during the World War II, 1940-1945.''' | |
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| For more historical information about the Norwegian military, see: | | For more historical information about the Norwegian military, see: |
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| * Bjørn Christophersen, ''Vårt Forsvars Historie (The History of Our Defense''), Oslo, Norway: Gyldendahl Norsk Forlag, 1978. (FHL book Ref. 948.1 M2c) | | *''Vårt Forsvars Historie'', Bjørn Christophersen. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendahl Norsk Forlag, 1978. {{FSC|25180|title-id|disp=FS Library book 948.1 M2c}} |
| * [https://admin.slektogdata.no/nb/tema/krig/kilder-til-2-verdenskrig Kilder til 2. verdenskrig] (Sources for WWII) | | *[https://admin.slektogdata.no/nb/tema/krig/kilder-til-2-verdenskrig Kilder til 2. verdenskrig], Slekt og Data Norge. |
| * For information about Norwegians who settle in Wisconsin and served in the 15th Volunteer Infantry, see the following web site: | | *For information about Norwegians who served in the 15th Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War, see the Norwegian-American Genealogical Center's [https://www.nagcnl.org/databases-information/#soldiers 15th Wisconsin Regiment] page. |
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| [http://www.nordstaterne.dk/Engelsk/eng_inf.htm The 15th Wisconsin Regiment] | |
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| More military histories are listed in the [https://www.familysearch.org/catalog/search FamilySearch Catalog] under:
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| NORWAY - MILITARY HISTORY.
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| == [[Norway: Military Ranks|Military Ranks]] ==
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| === '''MILITARY RANKS IN NORWAY FROM ABOUT 1930- TO THE PRESENT''' ===
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| '''BEFAL -- NON COMMISIONED'''
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| <u>'''NORWEGIAN '''</u>''' <span id="1235405824628S" style="display: none"> </span>'''<u>'''US EQUIVALENT'''</u>
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| '''HÆREN''' '''THE ARMY'''
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| Visekorporal (Vice Corporal)
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| Korporal Corporal
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| Sersjant Sergeant
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| Stabssersjant Staff Sergeant
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| <br>
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| '''MARINEN THE MARINE'''
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| Kvartermester I Quarter Master I
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| Kvartermester II Quarter Master II
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| Flaggkvartermester Flag Quarter Master
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| <br>
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| '''FLYVÅPENET AIR FORCE'''
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| Visekorporal (Vise Corporal)
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| Korporal Corporal
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| Sersjant Sergeant
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| Vingsersjant Wing Sergeant (Staff Sergeant)
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| <br>
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| <br>
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| <br>
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| '''OFFICER RANK'''
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| '''HÆREN THE ARMY'''
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| Fenrik 2nd. Lieutenant
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| Løytnant 1st. Lieutenant
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| Kaptein Captain
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| Major Major
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| Oberstløytnant Lieutenant Colonel
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| Oberst Colonel
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| Generalmajor Major General
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| Generalløytnant Lieutenant General
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| General General
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| <br>
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| '''MARINEN NAVY'''
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| Fenrik Ensign
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| Løytnant Lieutenant Jr. Grade
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| Kapteinløytnant Lieutenant
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| Orlogskaptein Lieutenant Commander
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| Kommandørkaptein Commander
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| Kommandør Captain
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| Kontreadmiral Rear Admiral
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| Viseadmiral Vice Admiral
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| Admiral Admiral
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| <br>
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| '''FLYVÅPENET AIR FORCE'''
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| Fenrik 2nd. Leutenant
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| Løytnant 1st. Lieutenant
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| Kaptein Captain
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| Major Major
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| Oberstløytnant Lieutenant Colonel
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| Oberst Colonel
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| Generalmajor Major General
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| Generalløytnant Lieutenant General
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| General General
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| === '''MILITARY RANKS IN NORWAY EARLY (1600's)TO CA. 1930''' ===
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| '''NORWEGIAN US EQUIVALENT'''
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| Menig soldat Private
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| Korporal Corporal
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| <br>
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| '''BEFAL NC'''
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| Sersjant Sergeant
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| Furer Quartermaster Sergeant
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| Kommandersjersant First Sergeant, Sergeant Major [?]
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| Fanejunker Ensign (Army) or (3, 4, 5 Lieutenant)
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| 2a. Kavalieret - Standart Junker. 2a. Cavalry - Standard Bearer
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| 2b. Artilleriet het de stykjunker 2b. Artillery - Ensign or 3, 4, 5 Lieutenant
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| <br>
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| '''OFFISERER OFFICERS'''
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| Secondløytnant 2nd. Lieutenant
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| Premierløytnant 1st. Lieutenant
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| Kaptein Captain
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| I. Kavaleriet brukte da tittelen I. The Cavalry used the tittle Captain (of Horse)
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| Rittermester i stedet for kaptein
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| Major Major
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| Oberstløytnant Lieutenant Colonel
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| Oberst Colonel
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| Generalmajor Major General
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| Generalløytnant Lieutenant General
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| General (Den gangen var det kun Kongen General (only the King at this time period).
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| som hadde graden General)
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| <br>
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| Menig soldat Private
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| Korporal Corporal
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| Sersjant (befalsgrad) Sergeant (NC)
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| Fenrik (Første offisergrad) 2nd. Lieutenant
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| Løytnant 1st. Lieutenant
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| Kaptein Captain
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| Major Major
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| Oberstløytnant Major
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| Brigade (Oberst 1, changers 1968) Brigadier General (Colonel)
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| Oberst (Oberst 2, changerd 1968) Colonel
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| Generalmajor Major General
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| Generalløytnant Lieutenant General
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| General (bare 2. Kongen & forsvarsjefen) General (only 2. The King and the head person of defence)
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| <br>
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| Other military terms:
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| Soldat Soldier
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| Dragon Cavalry soldier
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| National soldat National soldier - infantry
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| Gevorben Enlisted soldier
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| Jæger Light cavalry -chasseur or hunter
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| Musqueter Infantry soldier
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| Skiløper Infanteriman on skis
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| Marinesoldat Navy soldier
| | More resources are listed in the [https://www.familysearch.org/en/search/catalog FamilySearch Catalog] under: |
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| Matros Sailor
| | Norway - Military history |
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| [[Category:Norway Military Records]] [[Category:Military_Records by Country]] | | == References == |
| | {{reflist}} |
| | [[Category:Norway Military Records]] |
| | [[Category:Military_Records by Country]] |