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''[[Asia]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png|go to]] [[Turkey Genealogy|Turkey]]''
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==Resources==
==Population Registers [''Nüfūs Defter'']==
Research use: These registers establish family groups and individual identity.


Record type: The earliest census reports from Turkey date from 1831.<ref>Military head tax registers (a quasi census) date from 1551.</ref> But these generally count number of households or even of persons, but they recorded few names. The census laws of 1875 and 1884 established a system of civil registration, with the population registers kept at the local district [kaza] level, to update the census by adding new information about births, marriages, and deaths. Permanent registers were compiled in an initial census survey; thereafter vital information was added as births, marriages, and deaths occurred. Initial census surveys were conducted throughout the empire in 1876-1878, 1882-1885, and again in 1903-1906. NOTE: The first survey is incomplete because of the Ottoman-Russian War. Supplemental registration of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths were sometimes added to the register itself or sometimes compiled in separate registers.
=== Online Resources===
*'''1838-1862''' {{FSC|199758|title-id|disp=Census registers, 1838-1862, }}(*); Armenian Apostolic Church. Patriarchate of Istanbul at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1861-1915''' {{FSC|199762|title-id|disp=Census registers, 1861-1915, }}(*); Armenian Apostolic Church. Patriarchate of Istanbul at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*''Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics,'' by Kemal H. Karpat. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. {{WorldCat|11043778|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|146247}}
'''Individual Towns'''<br>
*''Arabgir Tarihinin Kaynaklari" by Genç, Vural. Istanbul, Turkey:Kerem Aydınlar Vakfı, 2020''.  {{FSC|4474548|item|disp=FS Catalog book 956.1 H29g }} - Analyzes primary Ottoman archival sources in Arabgir, a district in Malatya, Turkey.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20240727075611/https://openaccess.bayburt.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12403/2151 Bayburt 1835-1848 Population Registers] at Internet Archive, archived page - Text in Turkish
*[https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/items/2a0abdbd-20b5-427e-8a4e-7b30a18cf92e İnegöl Müslim Population Book Number 01444 (1843)] at Bursa Uludağ University - Text in Turkish<br>
*[https://archives.saltresearch.org/handle/123456789/1470 Istanbul Population Rosters 1885 (1300 AH) & 1907 (1322 AH)] at SaltResearch.org - Text in Turkish<br>
*[https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=d5YLL7b9R0Zg6xvMIvS2Jw&no=x7QvhfGoKGOyoILu-E6Axg Kayseri Population Register dated 1288 and with the number 3322 (1831)] at National Thesis Center - Text in Turkish
*''First report on the Diocese of Nicomedia, 1870 : the visitation made by Archimandrite (Vartabed) Boghos Natanian"  by Natanian, Boghos and Melkonian, Ara Stepan. London, England:Gomidas Institute, 2019.  {{FSC|4114026|item|disp=FS Catalog book 956.1 K2n}}


Time period: 1876 to the end of Ottoman rule, probably 1915.


Contents: The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males. After 1882 the registers list the names of household members including children; sex; birth date; residence; age; religion; craft or occupation; marital status, marriage date; health; military status. If deceased, the register provides the death date or crosses out the name of the deceased.
===Offices to Contact===
'''Nüfus ve Vatandaşlık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü'''<br>
(General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs)<br>Çamlıca Mahallesi 408. Cadde No:136<br>06200 Yenimahalle<br>Ankara, Türkiye<br>Telephone: 0 312 591 2101<br>Email: [mailto:alo199@nvi.gov.tr alo199@nvi.gov.tr]<br>[https://www.nvi.gov.tr/ Website]<br>[https://www.facebook.com/TCNufus Facebook]<br>
:*[https://nvi.gov.tr/il-mudurlukleri Provincial Population and Citizenship Directorates]
:*"Records regarding the lineage and ancestry of individuals can be inquired via e-Government, or if this is not possible, can be requested from any district population directorate."<ref>Nüfus ve Vatandaşlık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. "Arşiv Hizmetleri Sıkça Sorulan Sorular." Accessed September 10, 2024. https://nvi.gov.tr/sss-arsiv-hizmetleri.</ref>


Location: For areas presently in Turkey the registers are in provincial (sancak) registration offices. For some regions no longer in Turkey, the registers are either centralized in an archive of the present country (e.g. Israel), or may be partially or completely in a Turkish archive, possibly the National Archives [Babakanlk Arivi] (also referred to as the Prime Ministry Archives) or the Sulaymaniye Library in Istanbul.
==Background==
'''Population Registers (''Nüfūs Defter'')'''<BR>
The earliest census reports from Turkey date back to 1831. It consisted of the male population but few names were recorded. Annual updates of population numbers were obtained by adding births and subtracting deaths registered in each district. These records count number of households or persons, but recorded few names.<br>
<br>
In 1867 the Turkish Council of State and Population Statistics assumed jurisdiction over all population matters. The census laws of 1875 and 1884 established a system where permanent registers were compiled in an initial census survey with vital information be updated as births, marriages, and deaths occurred.<br>
A census survey was conducted throughout the empire in 1876-1878. This survey is incomplete because of the Ottoman-Russian War.<br>
<br>
A population survey was taken 1882-1885 and another one taken in 1903-1906. The registers were updated by adding new information about births, deaths, and migration into and out of the district. Separate registers were established for Muslims and for members of other religious communities.<br>


Percentage in Family History Library: Less than 1%. The Library has lists of Armenians in stanbul. The Library has good examples of these registers from the Ottoman province of Palestine, now Israel (462 rolls).
=== Types of Censuses ===
'''Population Registers (''Nüfūs Defter'')'''<BR>
*The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males.
*About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted.
*1893 census covered the entire empire.<br>


Population coverage: About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted.
'''Turkish Council of State of Population Statistics'''<br>
*Türkiye published estimated population figures for 1876-1878.<Br>
*Regulations of 1881 and 1878 and the law of 1874 were finally implemented in a census which started in 1881 and was completed in 1883.<br>


Reliability: Good, though the information may be incomplete due to inefficient bureaucracy and because of evasion to avoid conscription.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Turkey,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1998.</ref>
==Information Recorded in the Records==
'''Population Registers (''Nüfūs Defter'')'''<BR>
The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males. After 1882 the registers listed the following:
*Names of household members including children
*Sex
* Birth Date
*Residence
*Age
*Religion
* Craft or occupation
*Marital status
* Marriage date
*Health
*Military Status
*Patrilineal relations
*If deceased, the register provides the death date or crosses out the name of the deceased


==Turkish Council of State and Population Statistics==
'''Turkish Council of State of Population Statistics'''<br>
The 1881-1883 census used several ethnic-religious categories for the Christian population, but all the Muslims continued to be counted as one homogeneous group despite the ethnic and linguistic differences among them.


In 1867 the Turkish Council of State assumed jurisdiction over all population matters.
==References==
<references />


In 1874 the Council introduced a law regarding census taking and the establishment of an accurate, permanent registration system covering men, women, and children. This new system merged the headcounts and population registration into a single system. The new system was based on three types of registers; the basic register [esas defter] listing all males with a second column listing the family members; the summary [icmal] listing the total number of people living in each town village or town quarter based on data from the town registers; and the daily events register [yevmiye vukuat] which was to include records of births, marriages, deaths, and migrations into or out of each district.


Various political problems delayed the execution of this system although Turkey published estimated population figures for 1876/1878.
[[Category:Türkiye]]
 
[[Category:Census records by country|Turkey]]
Regulations of 1881 and 1878 and the law of 1874 were finally implemented in a census which started in 1881 and was completed in 1883.
 
The 1881/1883 census used several ethnic-religious categories for the Christian population, but all the Muslims continued to be counted as one homogeneous group despite the ethnic and linguistic differences among them.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Turkey]]

Revision as of 14:37, 16 May 2025

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Resources[edit | edit source]

Online Resources[edit | edit source]

Individual Towns


Offices to Contact[edit | edit source]

Nüfus ve Vatandaşlık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü
(General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs)
Çamlıca Mahallesi 408. Cadde No:136
06200 Yenimahalle
Ankara, Türkiye
Telephone: 0 312 591 2101
Email: alo199@nvi.gov.tr
Website
Facebook

Background[edit | edit source]

Population Registers (Nüfūs Defter)
The earliest census reports from Turkey date back to 1831. It consisted of the male population but few names were recorded. Annual updates of population numbers were obtained by adding births and subtracting deaths registered in each district. These records count number of households or persons, but recorded few names.

In 1867 the Turkish Council of State and Population Statistics assumed jurisdiction over all population matters. The census laws of 1875 and 1884 established a system where permanent registers were compiled in an initial census survey with vital information be updated as births, marriages, and deaths occurred.
A census survey was conducted throughout the empire in 1876-1878. This survey is incomplete because of the Ottoman-Russian War.

A population survey was taken 1882-1885 and another one taken in 1903-1906. The registers were updated by adding new information about births, deaths, and migration into and out of the district. Separate registers were established for Muslims and for members of other religious communities.

Types of Censuses[edit | edit source]

Population Registers (Nüfūs Defter)

  • The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males.
  • About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted.
  • 1893 census covered the entire empire.

Turkish Council of State of Population Statistics

  • Türkiye published estimated population figures for 1876-1878.
  • Regulations of 1881 and 1878 and the law of 1874 were finally implemented in a census which started in 1881 and was completed in 1883.

Information Recorded in the Records[edit | edit source]

Population Registers (Nüfūs Defter)
The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males. After 1882 the registers listed the following:

  • Names of household members including children
  • Sex
  • Birth Date
  • Residence
  • Age
  • Religion
  • Craft or occupation
  • Marital status
  • Marriage date
  • Health
  • Military Status
  • Patrilineal relations
  • If deceased, the register provides the death date or crosses out the name of the deceased

Turkish Council of State of Population Statistics
The 1881-1883 census used several ethnic-religious categories for the Christian population, but all the Muslims continued to be counted as one homogeneous group despite the ethnic and linguistic differences among them.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Nüfus ve Vatandaşlık İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. "Arşiv Hizmetleri Sıkça Sorulan Sorular." Accessed September 10, 2024. https://nvi.gov.tr/sss-arsiv-hizmetleri.

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