Ohio Court Records: Difference between revisions

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| link5=[[Ohio Court Records|Court Records]]

*'''1810-1930''' {{RecordSearch|2363038|Ohio, Washington County Court Records, 1810-1930}} at FamilySearch - [[Ohio, Washington County, Court Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; images

Court records include record books, dockets, bonds, journals, petitions, minutes, final records, case files, and so forth. They contain many primary source materials that are useful for genealogical research. [[FamilySearch Catalog Title Search|The FamilySearch Library]] has many [[Ohio, United States Genealogy|Ohio]] court records. Additional records are available at county courthouses, the [[Ohio History Connection]] (formerly Ohio Historical Society), and the [[National Archives at Chicago]]. Major courts that kept records of genealogical value were established as follows:

'''1787-present:''' Courts of common pleas have districtwide jurisdiction over felonies, marriages, major civil cases, juvenile matters, probates until 1852, naturalization's until 1860 and after 1906, chancery matters until 1900, and divorces until 1894. [[FamilySearch Catalog Title Search|The FamilySearch Library]] has copies of some of the common pleas records, such as Cuyahoga County journals for 1823 to 1852.  

'''1787-present:''' Supreme Court is a statewide appellate court. It originally had jurisdiction over common law and chancery matters. '''1787-1802, 1852-present:''' Probate court has handled guardianship, general probate, land sales, a few divorces, and naturalizations. '''1800s-present:''' County, municipal, mayor, justice of the peace, and police courts have kept records with some genealogical value. '''1851-1883''':District courts have county-wide jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases, including chancery and divorces. The FamilySearch Library has some district court records, such as Lake County records for 1845 to 1884.  

'''1883-1912''':Circuit courts have county-wide jurisdiction over civil and criminal records, including equity and divorce. They have been replaced by courts of appeal. The FamilySearch Library has some circuit court records.  

There is often an overlapping of jurisdiction since newer courts have been established. Therefore all court records should be checked for those periods.

*For more information about court records and procedures<br>

''A History of the Courts and Lawyers of Ohio" <ref> Marshall, Carrington Tanner, ed. ''A History of the Courts and Lawyers of Ohio'' (New York, New York: American Historical Society, 1934.) Four Volumes. {{WorldCat|3657828|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|75091|item|disp=FS Catalog book 977.1 P3ma}} </ref>''

:OHIO, [COUNTY] - COURT RECORDS

:OHIO, [COUNTY], [CITY] - COURT RECORDS

 

Ohio: The trial court of general criminal and civil jurisdiction, located in each of Ohio's counties. Judges are elected at large.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Common_Pleas_(United_States) Court of Common Pleas]  

 

*Anita Short and Ruth Bowers, Preble County, ''Preble County, Ohio Common Pleas Court Records, 1810-1850 '' (1970)Land disputes, guardianship's, petitions for divorce, estate records, pension claims, declarations of intent for citizenship, and lists of Preble County justices of the peace involving over 3000 individuals. The abstracts are all indexed.

 

 

[https://www.unioncountyohio.gov/departments/Archives/probate-court-49178 The Ohio Constitution of 1851] provided for the formation of a probate court in each Ohio county. Marriage records previously kept by the Common Pleas Court were transferred to this court beginning in 1852. All probate functions, such as the proving and recording of wills, the appointment of administrators, executors and guardians, the appraisment and inventories of estates, bonds and the settling of accounts all came under the jurisdiction of the Probate Court. Some other records of genealogical value found in this court include birth and death registers (1867-1909), Delayed Registration and Correction of Births from 1941 forward, various forms of naturalization records (to 1906) and [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/845.html Mothers' Pensions] from 1914 to ca. 1930's. The Probate Court also presided over matters regarding incompetancies, lunacy, insanity, adoptions and juvenile delinquencies. These record types are generally regarded as not public records but can nevertheless be sometimes found in earlier court journal or minute books before such records were segregated and recorded into their own record books.

 

[https://www.ohnd.uscourts.gov/court-info Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division], Cleveland, recent civil and criminal cases.