Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
5,100
edits
m
Added link
mNo edit summary |
Naisbittrl (talk | contribs) m (Added link) |
||
| (20 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
==Online Records== | ==Online Records== | ||
===Emigration and Immigration=== | ===Emigration and Immigration=== | ||
*'''1807-1880''' | *'''1807-1880''' {{FSC|600202|item|disp=Extranjeros (Foreigners in Puerto Rico), ca 1807-1880}} at FamilySearch — images | ||
*'''1815-1845''' | *'''1815-1845''' {{RecordSearch|1919700|Puerto Rico, records of foreign residents (Puerto Rico, registros de extranjeros), 1815-1845}} at FamilySearch — images | ||
*'''1816-1837''' | *'''1816-1837''' {{FSC|607158|item|disp=Emigrados, 1816-1837}} [https://www.familysearch.org/search/ FamilySearch] — images | ||
*'''1901-1962''' | *'''1901-1962''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2257 Puerto Rico, Passenger and Crew Lists 1901-1962] at Ancestry — index & images ($) | ||
*[https://www.shipindex.org/ ShipIndex Vessel Research Database] at shipindex.org - index | |||
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1gEPDH-Y5EEmL_78yhM2a4zc81C6_yVU&ll=18.720864230824024%2C-67.59083922979636&z=6 World Passenger Lists Map] | |||
===Naturalization and Citizenship Records=== | ===Naturalization and Citizenship Records=== | ||
*'''1795-1889''' | *'''1795-1889''' {{FSC|607718|item|disp=Pasaportes (Passports), 1795-1889}}, at FamilySearch — images | ||
*'''1815-1845''' | *'''1815-1845''' {{RecordSearch|1919700|Puerto Rico Records of Foreign Residents, 1815-1845}}, at FamilySearch — images; ''Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61155 Ancestry.com]($) — images | ||
*'''1897-1985''' | *'''1897-1985''' {{RecordSearch|2774942|Puerto Rico, Naturalization Records, 1897-1985}} at FamilySearch — index & images | ||
*'''1899-1900''' | *'''1899-1900''' {{FSC|607228|item|disp=Declaraciones de naturalización (Naturalization Records), 1899-1900}},at FamilySearch — images | ||
==Institutions to Contact== | ==Institutions to Contact== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
:This archive contains some collections of interest for studying Spanish emigration during the 19th century.<br> | :This archive contains some collections of interest for studying Spanish emigration during the 19th century.<br> | ||
:*Departamento de Estado. Serie: Declaraciones de Nacionalidad'''<br> | :*Departamento de Estado. Serie: Declaraciones de Nacionalidad'''<br> | ||
:::As in Cuba, when the Spanish-American came to an end in 1898, and in keeping with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spanish nationals residing in Puerto Rico who wished to maintain their nationality had to make a '''declaration before a municipal judge'''. These | :::As in Cuba, when the Spanish-American came to an end in 1898, and in keeping with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spanish nationals residing in Puerto Rico who wished to maintain their nationality had to make a '''declaration before a municipal judge'''. These {{FSC|607228|item|disp='''nationality declarations'''}} included the following details: Name of the subject, age, status, place of origin (municipality and province), address in Puerto Rico and family details. The declarations, arranged according to files for minors and adults and dated from 1899 to 1901, are identified by municipality and stored in 8 boxes. | ||
:* | :*{{FSC|607718|item|disp='''Capitanía General, Asuntos Políticos y Civiles. Serie: Pasaportes'''}} This collection holds a series of passports dating from between 1795 and 1889. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[http://www.archives.gov/northeast/nyc/ '''National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region (New York City)''']<br> | [http://www.archives.gov/northeast/nyc/ '''National Archives and Records Administration, Northeast Region (New York City)''']<br> | ||
| Line 48: | Line 49: | ||
Puerto Ricans are by law citizens of the United States and may move freely between the island and the mainland. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made U.S. citizens" in 1917 as a result of the Jones-Shafroth Act. Therefore, a Puerto Rican person moving to the United States will not have a naturalization record because they are already citizens.<br> | Puerto Ricans are by law citizens of the United States and may move freely between the island and the mainland. Puerto Ricans "were collectively made U.S. citizens" in 1917 as a result of the Jones-Shafroth Act. Therefore, a Puerto Rican person moving to the United States will not have a naturalization record because they are already citizens.<br> | ||
Emigration is a major part of contemporary Puerto Rican history. Starting soon after World War II, poverty, cheap airfares, and promotion by the island government caused waves of Puerto Ricans to move to the United States, particularly to the Northeastern states, and Florida. This trend continued even as Puerto Rico's economy improved and its birth rate declined. Puerto Ricans continue to follow a pattern of "circular migration", with some migrants returning to the island.<ref name="PR>"Puerto Rico", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico#Immigration_and_emigration Wikipedia, accessed 15 May 2021.</ref> | Emigration is a major part of contemporary Puerto Rican history. Starting soon after World War II, poverty, cheap airfares, and promotion by the island government caused waves of Puerto Ricans to move to the United States, particularly to the Northeastern states, and Florida. This trend continued even as Puerto Rico's economy improved and its birth rate declined. Puerto Ricans continue to follow a pattern of "circular migration", with some migrants returning to the island.<ref name="PR">"Puerto Rico", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico#Immigration_and_emigration Wikipedia, accessed 15 May 2021.</ref> | ||
====Background==== | ====Background==== | ||
*At the '''beginning of the 16th century''', the Spanish people began to colonize the island of Puerto Rico. | *At the '''beginning of the 16th century''', the Spanish people began to colonize the island of Puerto Rico. | ||
| Line 58: | Line 59: | ||
*To increase its hold on its Puerto Rico and Cuba, the Spanish Crown revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 (ntended to also attract non-Spanish Europeans) as a result of which '''450,000 immigrants, mainly Spaniards''', settled on the island in the period up until the American conquest. Hundreds of families arrived in Puerto Rico, primarily from the '''Canary Islands and Andalusia, but also from other parts of Spain such as Catalonia, Asturias, Galicia and the Balearic Islands and numerous Spanish loyalists from Spain's former colonies in South America'''. | *To increase its hold on its Puerto Rico and Cuba, the Spanish Crown revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815 (ntended to also attract non-Spanish Europeans) as a result of which '''450,000 immigrants, mainly Spaniards''', settled on the island in the period up until the American conquest. Hundreds of families arrived in Puerto Rico, primarily from the '''Canary Islands and Andalusia, but also from other parts of Spain such as Catalonia, Asturias, Galicia and the Balearic Islands and numerous Spanish loyalists from Spain's former colonies in South America'''. | ||
*Hundreds of non-Spanish families, mainly from '''Corsica, France, Lebanon, China, Portugal, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and Italy.''', also immigrated to the island. | *Hundreds of non-Spanish families, mainly from '''Corsica, France, Lebanon, China, Portugal, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and Italy.''', also immigrated to the island. | ||
*Continuous European immigration and high natural increase helped the population of Puerto Rico grow from 155,426 in 1800 to almost a million by the close of the 19th century. A census conducted by royal decree on 30 September 1858, gave the following totals of the Puerto Rican population at that time: 341,015 were free colored; 300,430 identified as Whites; and 41,736 were slaves. A census in 1887 found a population of around 800,000, of which 320,000 were black.<ref name="PR> | *Continuous European immigration and high natural increase helped the population of Puerto Rico grow from 155,426 in 1800 to almost a million by the close of the 19th century. A census conducted by royal decree on 30 September 1858, gave the following totals of the Puerto Rican population at that time: 341,015 were free colored; 300,430 identified as Whites; and 41,736 were slaves. A census in 1887 found a population of around 800,000, of which 320,000 were black.<ref name="PR"/> | ||
====French Immigration==== | ====French Immigration==== | ||
| Line 66: | Line 67: | ||
*The British attempted to land in San Juan harbor with a force of '''400 French prisoners''', who were forced to fight (against their will) the other French troops defending Puerto Rico. French Consul M. Paris, sent a letter addressed to the French soldiers being forced to fight for England, promising them a safe haven in San Juan. The French prisoners agreed to accept the offer and become settlers on the Island. The English retreated from the Island without their 400 French prisoners. The newly arrived 400 Frenchmen all stayed and thrived in Puerto Rico. They soon sent for their families who were living in France. | *The British attempted to land in San Juan harbor with a force of '''400 French prisoners''', who were forced to fight (against their will) the other French troops defending Puerto Rico. French Consul M. Paris, sent a letter addressed to the French soldiers being forced to fight for England, promising them a safe haven in San Juan. The French prisoners agreed to accept the offer and become settlers on the Island. The English retreated from the Island without their 400 French prisoners. The newly arrived 400 Frenchmen all stayed and thrived in Puerto Rico. They soon sent for their families who were living in France. | ||
*In 1796, the Spanish Crown ceded the western half of the island of Hispaniola to the French. The French named their part Saint-Domingue (which was later renamed '''Haiti'''). The French settlers dedicated themselves to the cultivation of the sugar cane and owned plantations, which required a huge amount of manpower. They enslaved and imported people from Africa to work in the fields. In 1791, the enslaved African people rebelled against the French in what is known as the Haitian Revolution. The French fled to '''Santo Domingo and made their way to Puerto Rico'''. Once there, they settled in the western region of the island in towns such as '''Mayagüez'''. With their expertise, they helped develop the island's sugar industry, converting Puerto Rico into a world leader in the exportation of sugar. | *In 1796, the Spanish Crown ceded the western half of the island of Hispaniola to the French. The French named their part Saint-Domingue (which was later renamed '''Haiti'''). The French settlers dedicated themselves to the cultivation of the sugar cane and owned plantations, which required a huge amount of manpower. They enslaved and imported people from Africa to work in the fields. In 1791, the enslaved African people rebelled against the French in what is known as the Haitian Revolution. The French fled to '''Santo Domingo and made their way to Puerto Rico'''. Once there, they settled in the western region of the island in towns such as '''Mayagüez'''. With their expertise, they helped develop the island's sugar industry, converting Puerto Rico into a world leader in the exportation of sugar. | ||
*In 1815, the Spanish Crown had issued a Royal Decree with the intention of encouraging more trade between Puerto Rico and other countries who were friendly towards Spain. The decree also free land to any Spaniard (and eventually French) who would be willing to settle on the island. Thousands of French and Corsican families (the Corsicans were French citizens of Italian descent) settled in Puerto Rico. The Corsicans (who had Italian surnames) settled the mountainous region in and around the towns of Adjuntas, Lares, Utuado, Guayanilla, Ponce and Yauco, where they became successful coffee plantation owners. The French who immigrated with them from mainland France also settled in various places in the island, mostly in the unsettled interior regions of the Island, which up to that point were virtually uninhabited.<ref | *In 1815, the Spanish Crown had issued a Royal Decree with the intention of encouraging more trade between Puerto Rico and other countries who were friendly towards Spain. The decree also free land to any Spaniard (and eventually French) who would be willing to settle on the island. Thousands of French and Corsican families (the Corsicans were French citizens of Italian descent) settled in Puerto Rico. The Corsicans (who had Italian surnames) settled the mountainous region in and around the towns of Adjuntas, Lares, Utuado, Guayanilla, Ponce and Yauco, where they became successful coffee plantation owners. The French who immigrated with them from mainland France also settled in various places in the island, mostly in the unsettled interior regions of the Island, which up to that point were virtually uninhabited.<ref>"French Immigration to Puerto Rico", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico, accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | ||
==For Further Reading== | |||
Sources are also listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | |||
*{{FSC|Puerto Rico - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1972735129|disp=Puerto Rico - Emigration and immigration}} | |||
*{{FSC|Puerto Rico - Naturalization and citizenship|subject|subject-id=1616900723|disp=Puerto Rico - Naturalization and citizenship}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Puerto Rico]] | [[Category:Puerto Rico]] | ||