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''[[Portal:United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]] > [[Maryland|Maryland]] > Maryland Emigration and Immigration'' [[Image:MD Ship The Dove.png|thumb|right|250px]]  
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==How to Find the Records==
===Online Databases and Resources===
*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_maryland-usa_23&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland; ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($)
*'''1607-1830''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48519 Scots On the Chesapeake, 1607-1830] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1820-1870''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10373/atlantic-gulf-ports-passenger-list-card-index-1820-1870?s=275764761 Atlantic and Gulf Ports, Passenger List Card Index, 1820-1870] at MyHeritage - index & images ($)
*'''1820-1964''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8679/ Baltimore, Passenger Lists, 1820-1964] at FamilySearch; index & images
*'''1820-1869''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=maryland&datasettitle=passenger%20lists%20of%20vessels%20arriving%20at%20baltimore%2c%20maryland%2c%201820-1869&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - Passenger Lists Of Vessels Arriving At Baltimore, Maryland, 1820-1869] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1820-1891''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=maryland&datasettitle=maryland%2c%20baltimore%20passenger%20lists%201820-1891&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists 1820-1891] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1820-1897''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2173933 Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists Index, 1820-1897] at FamilySearch - [[Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists Index - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10374/baltimore-maryland-passenger-list-card-index-1820-1897?s=275764761 MyHeritage]; index & images ($)
*'''1820-1948''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2018318 Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists, 1820-1948] at FamilySearch - [[Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1820-1957''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=maryland&datasettitle=maryland%2c%20baltimore%20passenger%20lists%2c%201820-1957&sid=999 United States, Passenger and Crew Lists - Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists, 1820-1957] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1890-1930''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=3770 Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore Steamship Arrivals, 1890-1930] at Ancestry - index only ($)
* '''1891-1943''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10721/baltimore-maryland-passenger-lists-1891-1943 Baltimore, Maryland Passenger Lists, 1891-1943] at MyHeritage - index & images ($)
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland
* '''1897-1952''' {{RecordSearch|3398454|Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists Index, 1897-1952}} at FamilySearch - [[Maryland, Baltimore Passenger Lists Index - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images ($)
*'''1940-1944''' [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/aliens Alien Registration, 1940-1944], index
*'''1950-1956''' {{RecordSearch|2443336|Maryland, Piney Point Crew Lists, 1950-1956}} at FamilySearch - [[Maryland, Piney Point Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use This Collection]]; index & images
*'''1954-1957''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2072742 Maryland, Baltimore, Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels and Airplanes, 1954-1957] at FamilySearch - [[Maryland, Baltimore, Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels and Airplanes - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*[https://earlysettlers.msa.maryland.gov/ New Early Settlers of Maryland] at Maryland State Archives
*[https://immigrant.pricegen.com/search/simple.php Immigrant Servants Database] at PriceGen - 20,000+ colonial immigrants, primary focus: Chesapeake Bay colonies (Virginia and Maryland)
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49382 To Maryland from Overseas] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1gEPDH-Y5EEmL_78yhM2a4zc81C6_yVU&ll=2.0214455198272887%2C156.72834639000985&z=3 World Passenger Lists Map]
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10119/immigrant-ships-transcribers-guild?s=1&formId=istg&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qkeywords=Keyword+kw.Maryland Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild]
====Cultural Groups====
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/49091/ British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812], e-book
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States - Maryland] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?action=query&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Maryland+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Maryland


=== Overseas Immigration ===
==== Passport Records Online ====
*'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($)


==== Colonial Period ====
===Offices to Contact===
Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.
====National Archives and Records Administration====
*The [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/overview '''National Archives (NARA)'''] has immigration records for arrivals to the United States from foreign ports between approximately 1820 and 1982. The records are arranged by [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#where '''Port of Arrival (See Part 5).''']
:*Order copies of passenger arrival records with [https://www.archives.gov/files/forms/pdf/natf-81.pdf '''NATF Form 81'''.]
*You may do research in immigration records in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001.  
*Some [https://www.archives.gov/locations '''National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) regional facilities'''] have selected immigration records; call to verify their availability or check the online Microfilm Catalog.
*Most Baltimore passenger lists are on microfilm at the [http://www.mdhs.org/ '''Maryland Historical Society'''] and the [https://msa.maryland.gov/bca/ '''Baltimore City Archives.''']
*Libraries with large genealogical collections, such as the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog '''FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah'''] and the [https://acpl-cms.wise.oclc.org/genealogy '''Allen County Piblic Library'''] also have selected NARA microfilm publications.
=====Maryland Ports in NARA Records=====
*[https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/port/atlantic-gulf-great-lakes.html Annapolis, Maryland, 1849]
*Baltimore, Maryland, [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/customs-records-1820-1891.html#blt 1820-1897] and [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/immigration-records-1891-1957.html#blt 1891-1957]
*[https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/port/atlantic-gulf-great-lakes.html Havre de Grace, Maryland, 1820]
*Piney Point, Maryland, 1950-1956


Most colonial ship records contain little information about the passengers. Generally the list of passengers was a partial list and included names of the most important men. Women and children were often not listed. Since the capitans were not required to give their records to anyone, they kept the records themselves, destroyed the records&nbsp;or did not keep any records.&nbsp; Most of the records that survive have been published. The&nbsp;[http://www.ancestryinstitution.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Immigration &amp; Travel Records] ($) collection&nbsp;found at Ancestry.com is a great place to start immigration research.  
====U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program====
The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''USCIS Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.
=====Immigration Records Available=====
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million '''A-Files:'''] Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/alien-registration-forms-on-microfilm-1940-1944 '''Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s):'''] Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/registry-files-march-2-1929-march-31-1944''' Registry Files:'''] Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944'''Visa Files:'''] Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.<ref>"Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.</ref>


Headright grants were issued to persons responsible for importing settlers into the colony. The records have been made available for free online, courtesy, Maryland State Archives:
=====Requesting a Record=====
*[https://genealogy.uscis.dhs.gov/ '''Web Request Page'''] allows you to request a records, pay fees, and upload supporting documents (proof of death).
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/genealogical-records-help/record-requests-frequently-asked-questions '''Record Requests Frequently Asked Questions''']


*Gibb, Carson. [http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc4300/sc4341/html/search.html New ''Early Settlers of Maryland,''] online database.
==Finding Town of Origin==
Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the '''name of the town''' where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.
*[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']]


Robert W. Barnes has come up with some very clever ways to trace the overseas origins of Colonial Marylanders. His publications include:
==Background==
 
==== Colonial Period ====
*''British Roots of Maryland Families''. 2 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999-2002. {{FHL|832440|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 975.2 D2ba v. 1 - v. 2}}.
Most colonial ship records contain little information about the passengers. Generally the list of passengers was a partial list and included names of the most important men. Women and children were often not listed. Since the captains were not required to give their records to anyone, they kept the records themselves, destroyed the records, or did not keep any records.  Most of the records that survive have been published.
*''Colonial Families of Maryland: Bound and Determined to Succeed''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2007. {{FHL|1384518|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 975.2 D2br}}.
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/early-settlers-of-maryland-an-index-to-names-of-immigrants-compiled-from-records-of-land-patents-1633-1680-in-the-hall-of-records-annapolis-maryland/oclc/442987 ''The Early Settlers of Maryland: An Index to Names of Immigrants Compiled from Records of Land Patents, 1633 - 1680, in the Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland.''] Skordas, Gust. 1968; reprint, Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1974.
*''Missing Relatives and Lost Friends''. Baltimore: Clearfield, 2008. {{FHL|1462342|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 973 B38b}}.
 
Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial Maryland immigrant origins.
 
==== Colonial Ships ====
 
Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from Maryland ports between 1689 and 1754. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony:
 
*Shippings Lists for Maryland, 1689-1754 {{FHL|209582|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Film 964007}}.
 
Ships mentioned in the ''Maryland Gazette'' between 1727 and 1761 have been identified in:
 
*Green, Karen Mauer. ''The Maryland Gazette, 1727-1761: Genealogical and Historical Abstracts.'' Galveston, Texas: Frontier, 1989. {{FHL|540298|item|disp=FHL Book 975.2 D2g}}.
 
Peter Wilson Coldham compiled a list of convict ships travelling between English and Maryland ports during the eighteenth century. See appendix to:
 
*Coldham, Peter Wilson. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788.'' CD-ROM. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM CD-ROM no. 2150}}.
 
Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include Maryland (1750s). She published the list in an Appendix to:
 
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 970 W2w}}.
 
Information about ships can also be gleaned from colonial county court order books, headright grants,&nbsp;and [[Virginia Public Records#Calendar_of_State_Papers_Colonial.2C_America_and_West_Indies|English State Papers Colonial, American and West Indies]].
 
==== 1783 to 1948  ====
 
Starting in 1820, the US federal government required capitans to turn in passenger lists.&nbsp; The early lists usually named every passenger, but little else.&nbsp;
 
Later lists might give:
 
:- Name
:- Age
:- Marital status
:- Occupation
:- Country of origin
:- Last permanent residence (country and town)
:- Name and address of relative in country from whence alien came
:- Destination (state and town)
:- Name and address of a sponsor (usually a relative)
:- Place of birth (country and town)
:- Additional information
 
==== 1949-1957  ====
 
After 1957, few passenger lists were submitted to the government.&nbsp; Alien records and naturalization records are more useful than the passenger lists and are easier to obtain.
 
=== Before Using this Record, Know This  ===
 
Before using passenger lists,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;very helpful to know the following about the passenger:
 
:•Name as used in the U.S. and in the "Old Country"
:•Variations&nbsp;for spelling&nbsp;of the passenger's name
:•Nicknames
:•Approximate age when arrived in the U.S.
:•Approximate year when arrived in the U.S.
:•Relatives&nbsp;of the passenger
:•People the passenger might have come with.
 
=== Useful Records  ===
 
- For immigration to Maryland, 1633-1680, see the sources at [http://www.germanroots.com/1820.html#maryland http://www.germanroots.com/1820.html#maryland] <br>
 
- For&nbsp;records of early immigrants to what is now the United States. see [[Early U.S. Immigrant Records|Early U.S. Immigrant Records]].
 
The "[[Portal:United States Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]]"&nbsp;page for the United States&nbsp;on the FamilySearch Research Wiki&nbsp;lists several important sources for finding information about immigrants. These nationwide sources include many references to people who settled in Maryland. [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] introduces the principles, search strategies, and additional record types you can use to identify an immigrant ancestor's hometown.  
 
=== Ports for Immigrants to Maryland ===
 
The major port of entry into Maryland was Baltimore. Most Baltimore passenger lists are on microfilm at the National Archives, the Maryland Historical Society, the Baltimore City Archives, and the Family History Library.
 
Baltimore and Annapolis were the two major ports of arrival for convicts transported to the American colonies from England.<ref>Peter Wilson Coldham, ''British Emigrants in Bondage.''</ref>
 
Some immigrants arrived at Annapolis, Havre de Grace, Nottingham, and St. Mary's. The only known customs passenger lists for other Maryland ports are:
 
:• Annapolis, 1849 (Family History Library film 830231) <br>
:• Havre de Grace, 1820 (Family History Library film 830234).
 
Immigrants to Maryland, especially western Maryland, may have arrived in Philadelphia (see [[Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration]].  
 
=== <br>'''Baltimore Arrivals, 1820 to 1891'''  ===
 
The following records can help you identify an ancestor who arrived in Baltimore City, Maryland between 1820 and 1891:
 
:•&nbsp;'''''Passenger lists of vessels arriving at Baltimore, 1820-1948; Quarterly abstracts of passenger lists of vessels arriving at Baltimore, 1820-1869'''''.&nbsp; Customs passenger lists beginning in January 1820. Most early&nbsp;customs passenger lists were reportedly destroyed by a fire.
 
::- Ancestry has these records indexed and calls the collection [http://content.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=List&dbid=8679&offerid=0%3a7858%3a0 Baltimore Passenger Lists, 1820-1948<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1234556348868_461" />].
 
::- The Family History Library has the following records in one collection of&nbsp;165 films (FHL US/CAN Films beginning at {{FHL|65295|title-id|disp=417383}}):
 
:::- Surviving U.S. Customs passenger lists from 1 January 1840 to 28 December 1891
 
:::- Baltimore City lists for 4 September 1833 to 13 June 1866 (with some gaps). During these years, ship masters were required to submit copies of their passenger lists to the mayor of Baltimore. These city lists partially replace the missing original lists.
 
:::- Quarterly Abstracts for 1820-1869 with several gaps (see below).
 
:::- Cargo manifests from 2 September 1820 to 30 March 1821 and 19 August 1832.
 
:• '''Indexes to customs passenger lists, 1820 to 1897'''
 
::- A soundex card index to the U.S. Customs passenger lists indexes the federal lists for 1820 to 1897 (FHL films {{FHL|74109|title-id|disp=417212-382}}).
 
::- A separate soundex card index includes the individuals appearing in the city lists from 1833 to 1866 (FHL films {{FHL|291611|title-id|disp=821565-86}}). Both indexes have the same format and give all information found on the original lists except the name of the ship master and the port of embarkation.
 
:• '''Quarterly abstracts of Baltimore City passenger lists'''.&nbsp;(FHL films {{FHL|65295|title-id|disp=1376177-82}}) Beginning in 1820, U.S. Customs collectors were required to send quarterly copies of the customs lists to the U.S. Secretary of State who published transcripts for Congress.
 
::Use the abstracts when the original list is missing. These quarterly abstracts or copies give the quarter-year of an individual's arrival and sometimes the port of embarkation. Passengers' given names are usually shortened to the initial letter, but otherwise the information is the same as that found in the original lists. The abstracts also have many gaps, and some years are missing. The Family History Library has the abstracts for the following years&nbsp;:
 
:::• January 1820 to December 1845
:::• July 1848 to September 1850
:::• March 1857 to June 1869
 
:• '''Indexes to the quarterly abstracts'''
 
::- 1820-1834. ''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Baltimore, 1820-1834: From Customs Passenger Lists'', ed. by Bentley, Elizabeth P., and Michael H. Tepper. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1982. (FHL Book {{FHL|290278|title-id|disp=975.26 W3p}}) This also indexes the few city lists, cargo manifests, and state department transcripts for this period.
 
:- 1820-1874. United States. Bureau of Customs. ''A Supplemental Index to Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Atlantic and Gulf Coast Ports (Excluding New York) 1820-1874''. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, 1960. (FHL Films {{FHL|67478|title-id|disp=418161-348}}) This indexes the Baltimore City abstracts through June 1869 and the existing Annapolis and Havre de Grace lists (see the paragraph labelled "Other Ports").


==== British Immigrants  ====
Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based and centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. Britain's need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves.<ref name="wiki">"Maryland", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland, accessed 28 March 2021.</ref>
<br>
<br>
=== FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers 1820-1891  ===
[http://www.germanroots.com/baltlists1820.html FHL and NARA Microfilm Catalog Numbers] for&nbsp;Baltimore Passenger Lists 1820-1891 is arranged chronologically, showing the FHL&nbsp;film numbers&nbsp;and corresponding NARA film numbers.
=== '''Baltimore Arrivals, 1892'''-1952  ===
The National Archives has the immigration passenger lists and indexes of Baltimore City since 1892. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of:
:• Lists for 1892 to 1948. (starting&nbsp;with FHL film {{FHL|65295|title-id|disp=830467}})&nbsp;
::- Ancestry has these records indexed and calls the collection [http://content.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=List&dbid=8679&offerid=0%3a7858%3a0 Baltimore Passenger Lists, 1820-1948].
:• Soundex card index for 1897 to 1952. (On 43 Family History Library films beginning with {{FHL|291580|title-id|disp=1373824}}.)
:• The National Archives also has four volumes of lists of passengers who died on board ship from 1867 to 1914.
Baltimore was served by the North German Lloyd shipping line from Bremen. If you know the name of the steamship that your ancestor arrived on, you can obtain the date of arrival for the years 1904 to 1926 from:
:• Morton Allan ''Directory of European Passenger Steamship Arrivals. 1931''. Reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1980. (Family History Library book {{FHL|139764|title-id|disp=973 U3m 1980}}; 1931 edition on fiche {{FHL|139764|title-id|disp=6046854}}.)
=== '''Indexes of German Immigrants'''.  ===
Many of the customs lists and indexes include the birthplace or city of last permanent residence of German immigrants. This is because most Germans who came to Baltimore left from the port of Bremen, and the lists of ships arriving from Bremen often give this information.
There is an ongoing project to index an estimated 700,000 Germans who arrived at various U.S. ports including Baltimore City.
:• Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, eds. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1850-1897.''. 67 Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1988-. (Family History Library book {{FHL|973 W2ger|disp=973 W2ger}}.)
:• Glazier, Ira A., ed. ''Germans to America - series II: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports in the 1840s''. 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2002 Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2004. (Family History Library book {{FHL|973 W2ger|disp=973 W2ger Ser. 2}}.)
=== The People  ===
<u>'''British Isles'''</u>


White settlers in colonial Maryland were primarily from the British Isles. In 1660 many English immigrants began settling the Eastern Shore (east of Chesapeake Bay) in what is now Wicomico County. Nearly all British immigrants to colonial Maryland came either as servants or convicts. Maryland received more indentured servants than any other colony.  
White settlers in colonial Maryland were primarily from the British Isles. In 1660 many English immigrants began settling the Eastern Shore (east of Chesapeake Bay) in what is now Wicomico County. Nearly all British immigrants to colonial Maryland came either as servants or convicts. Maryland received more indentured servants than any other colony.  
Line 171: Line 89:
The earlier colonists settled along Maryland's rivers and bays, as these were the primary routes of transportation. By about 1740, English, Scottish, and Scotch-Irish immigrants began moving into the Appalachian section of western Maryland.  
The earlier colonists settled along Maryland's rivers and bays, as these were the primary routes of transportation. By about 1740, English, Scottish, and Scotch-Irish immigrants began moving into the Appalachian section of western Maryland.  


Sometimes records in the English Court of Chancery help Americans learn about their British origins, for an example, see:
From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony.


*Coldham, Peter Wilson. "William Roberts of Maryland: Sidelights from the British Public Records Office," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 1997):219-221. {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 973 B2ng}}
====African Americans====
Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake.
<br>


From 1611 to 1870, more than 50,000 British and Irish 'criminals' (consisting mostly of those whom&nbsp;rose up in rebellion due&nbsp;to the government land seizures and other harsh measures)&nbsp;were sentenced to deportation to&nbsp;penal colonies&nbsp;over the centuries. Beginning with Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649,&nbsp;political prisoners were&nbsp;often deported and sent to Virginia and Maryland, until 1775.  
In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. Mixed-race children born to white mothers were considered free by the principle of ''partus sequitur ventrem'', by which children took the social status of their mothers, a principle of slave law that was adopted throughout the colonies, following Virginia in 1662. During the colonial era, families of free people of color were formed most often by unions of white women and African men. Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper.<ref name="wiki"/>


'''<u>German</u>'''
Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the Revolutionary War. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810. Compared to some other states, blacks were better established both before and after the civil war. Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. Half the population lived in cities.<ref name="wiki"/>
<br>
 
For many more sources on Maryland African Americans, see:
*{{FSC|African Americans - Maryland|subject|subject-id=956286062|disp=African Americans - Maryland}}


The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through Philadelphia. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony.  
==== German Immigrants  ====
The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony.  


<u>'''Slaves'''</u>
Many of the customs lists and indexes include the birthplace or city of last permanent residence of German immigrants. This is because '''most Germans who came to Baltimore left from the port of Bremen''', and the [[Bremen Emigration and Immigration|'''lists of ships arriving from Bremen''']] often give this information.


Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States.
*See the additional records listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:
:*{{FSC|Germans - Maryland|subject|subject-id=1134099348|disp=Germans - Maryland}}
:*{{FSC|Germans - United States - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=626090588|disp=Germans - United States - Emigration and immigration}}
:*{{FSC|Hessians - United States|subject|subject-id=1625719962|disp=Hessians - United States}}


'''<u>Migrations from Maryland</u>'''
====Other Cultural Groups====
In the 1870s and 1880s virtually all immigrants were of German origin. In the post-1880 wave of immigration, large numbers of Germans continued to come to Maryland. They were joined by Poles, Bohemians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Jews (from Germany, Poland, and Russia), Czechs, Italians, and the Irish. Records pertaining to a variety of these groups can be found listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Minorities|subject|subject-id=1397091279|disp=United States, Maryland - Minorities}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Minorities - Biography|subject|subject-id=1878109745|disp=United States, Maryland - Minorities - Biography}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Minorities - Genealogy|subject|subject-id=2089330143|disp=United States, Maryland - Minorities - Genealogy}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Minorities - History|subject|subject-id=432736850|disp=United States, Maryland - Minorities - History}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Minorities - Societies|subject|subject-id=1068784516|disp=United States, Maryland - Minorities - Societies}}


Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the Great Trading Path, also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from Prince George's County went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from St. Mary's County settled in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas.  
==Immigration Records==
'''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[Maryland Emigration and Immigration#Online Databases and Resources|'''Online Databases and Resources'''.]]
===What can I find in them?===
====[[Maryland Emigration and Immigration #Online Databases and Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]====
*'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''. The names of wives and children were often not included.


Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially Baltimore City, Maryland.  
*'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin.


<u>'''1870s and 1880s'''</u>
*'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
**name, age, sex,
**nationality, occupation, marital status,
**last residence, final destination in the U.S.,
**whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),
**if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,
**whether able to read and write,
**whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
**amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,
**whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
**whether the passenger was a polygamist,
**and immigrant's state of health.


In the 1870s and 1880s virtually all immigrants were of German origin. In the post-1880 wave of immigration, large numbers of Germans continued to come to Maryland. They were joined by Poles, Bohemians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Jews (from Germany, Poland, and Russia), Czechs, Italians, and Irish.  
*'''1906--'''  - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included.


'''<u>Finding Histories of Ethnic Groups</u>'''
====[[Maryland Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]]  ====
Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:


Histories of ethnic groups are listed in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under MARYLAND - MINORITIES. An example is:
*Birthplace 
*Birth date
*Naturalization information
*Arrival information, if foreign born


• Cunz, Dieter. The Maryland Germans: A History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Family History Library book 975.2 F2c; fiche 6048035.)
==In-country Migration==
*Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the [[Cumberland Road|Cumberland Trail]] [[Braddock's Road|(Braddock's Road)]] that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River.
*Many people also used the [[Great Valley Road|Great Trading Path]], also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond.  
*Some Marylanders from [[Prince George's County, Maryland Genealogy|Prince George's County]] went to the Carolinas.
*A group of Catholics from [[St. Mary's County, Maryland Genealogy|St. Mary's County]] settled in [[Nelson County, Kentucky Genealogy|Nelson County, Kentucky]].  
*By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas.  
<br>
Henry C. Peden has published books on Marylanders who migrated to other parts of the country:


=== Westward Migrants  ===
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/marylanders-to-carolina-migration-of-marylanders-to-north-carolina-and-south-carolina-prior-to-1800/oclc/30707139 ''Marylanders to Carolina: Migration of Marylanders to '''North and South Carolina''' Prior to 1800''.] Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1994. {{FSC|697531|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W2ped}}.
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/marylanders-to-kentucky-1775-1825/oclc/688577415 ''Marylanders to '''Kentucky''', 1775-1825''.] Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1991. {{FSC|479508|item|disp=FS Library Book 976.9 W2p}}.<br>
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/more-marylanders-to-kentucky-1778-1828/oclc/83347866 ''More Marylanders to '''Kentucky '''1778-1828''.] Westminster, Md.: Family Line Publications, 1997. {{FSC|678345|item|disp=FS Library Book 976.9 W2pe}}.<br>
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/marylanders-to-ohio-and-indiana-migrations-prior-to-1835/oclc/67772639 ''Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''.] Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FSC|1332047|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.2 D2phc}}.<br>
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/more-marylanders-to-ohio-and-indiana-migrations-prior-to-1835/oclc/76942107 ''More Marylanders to '''Ohio '''and '''Indiana''': Migrations Prior to 1835''.] Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2006. {{FSC|1379744|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.2 D2phc v. 2}}.<br>
*[https://www.worldcat.org/title/marylanders-to-tennessee-1775-1835/oclc/60398847 ''Marylanders to '''Tennessee''', 1775-1835''.]  Lewes, De.: Colonial Roots, 2004. {{FSC|1202774|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 W2pm}}.<br>


Free native-born Maryland, alive in 1850, who had left the state, resettled as follows:<br>
Articles have been published about Marylanders in '''Delaware''', '''Indiana''', '''Pennsylvania''', '''Virginia''', and '''West Virginia''', see: [https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/refserv/library/periodicals/perbib/html/bibm.html ''Genealogical Sources in Periodicals''] at Maryland State Archives. See subtitles '''Marylanders in [STATE].
=== Maryland Migration Routes  ===


*~65,000 in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri
{| style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;"
*~45,000 in Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, Virginia and Delaware<ref name="Lynch">These statistics do not account for the large number of Georgians who had migrated and died before the year 1850. See: William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):303-327. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref>
|-
|
<ul class="column-spacing-fullscreen" style="padding-right:5px;">
    <li>[http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/bankroad.cfm Bank Road] </li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braddock_Road_(Route_40) Braddock's Road]</li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal Chesapeake and Ohio Canal] </li>
    <li>[[Fall Line Road]]</li>
    <li>[[Gist's Trace]]</li>
    <li>[[Gist's Trace|Memacolinis Path]]</li>
    <li>[[Great Indian Warpath]]</li>
    <li>[[Great Valley Road]]</li>
    <li>[[King's Highway]]</li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frederick_Road Maryland Road] </li>
    <li>[[National Road]]</li>
    <li>[[Cumberland Road]]</li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Turnpike Old Northwestern Turnpike] </li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Harrisburg_Railway Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway] </li>
    <li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]</li>
    <li>[[Atlantic Coast Ports]]</li>
    <li>[[Potomac River]]</li>
    <li>[[Southern Road]]</li>
</ul>
|}


== Websites  ==
==For Further Reading==
The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog:
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=2011755076|disp=United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration - Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775|subject|subject-id=1290095221|disp=United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration - Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775}}
*{{FSC|United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration - Indexes|subject|subject-id=536211183|disp=United States, Maryland - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}


*[http://www.ancestry.com/ Ancestry Immigration &amp; Travel]&nbsp;($). The place to start for immigration research.
{{Template:Pros-MD}}
*[http://www.immigrantservants.com Immigrant Servants Database]. Collection of names of Maryland indentured servants and convicts.
*[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_md.shtml The Olive Tree Genealogy]. Includes Maryland passenger lists.


== References  ==
== References  ==
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<references /><br>{{Maryland|Maryland}}  
<references /><br>{{Maryland|Maryland}}  


[[Category:Maryland|Emigration]] [[Category:Scots-Irish]] [[Category:English]] [[Category:Germans]] [[Category:African_Americans]]
 
[[Category:Maryland, United States|Emigration]] [[Category:Scots-Irish]] [[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration|1]]
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