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=== Online Resources ===
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|<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>


*{{RecordSearch|2297290|South Carolina, Georgetown, Passenger Lists, 1904-1942}} — index and images
|}  
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48270 A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773], ($), index/images
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700....] e-book
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=rts4J_rwXRsC Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772 Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers], e-book
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48269 Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Charleston, 1820-1829]
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2996 South Carolina, Passenger Lists, 1906-1962], index and images, ($)


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==How to Find the Records==
 
=== Online Resources ===
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*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_south+carolina-usa_43&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
{{ImmDCleft}}<br><br><br><br><br>
*'''1600-1700''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700....] e-book
|}
*'''1600-1700''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=5XVU5n4ACE0C  Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original Lists of Persons of Quality ... and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700'']
 
*'''1763-1773''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48270 A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 
*'''1772''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/48628/ Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772 Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers] at Ancestry ($)
[[Image:British Ships at Deptford. Site of the first Royal Dockyard.jpg|thumb|right|300px|British Ships at Deptford. Site of the first Royal Dockyard.jpg]] [[Image:Wagon Train.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Wagon Train.jpg]]
*'''1820-1829''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48269 Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Charleston, 1820-1829] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
 
*'''1890-1924''' {{FSC|341257|item|disp=Index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at ports in South Carolina 1890-1924}} at FamilySearch; images only
== The People  ==
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
 
*'''1895-1964''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1082/?arrival=_south+carolina-usa_43&count=50 All U.S., Border Crossings from Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964] at Ancestry - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
About 80 percent of the settlers of colonial [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]] were of English origin. Many of them came by way of [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]] and other colonies rather than directly from [[England Genealogy|England]].<ref>Warren Alleyne and Henry Fraser, ''The Barbados-Carolina Connection'' (London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1988). {{WorldCat|17840897|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|428472|item|disp=FHL book 972.981 H2a}}; David L. Kent, ''Barbados and America''. (Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980). {{WorldCat|6647288|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|316574|item|disp=FHL book 972.981 X2b}}. In 1664, a "group of Barbadians joined in an agreement to settle in Carolina." In the twentieth century, this document was kept in the South Carolina Historical Society Collection (reference V/29). See: Moriarty, Appendix, ''Barbados Genealogies,'' p. 670.</ref> A group of Dutch settlers from [[New York Genealogy|New York]] came to South Carolina in 1671. Another smaller group was of French origin, mostly descendants of [[South Carolina Church Records#Huguenot|Huguenots]], who came to the area beginning in 1680. More numerous were the Scottish dissenters, who were brought in beginning in 1682, and the Germans, who arrived during the eighteenth century. Blacks constituted a majority of the population from early colonial times until 1930. Indian wars drove most of the native Americans from the state, but there are still a few Catawba Indians in [[York County, South Carolina|York County]].
*'''1904-1942''' {{RecordSearch|2297290|South Carolina, Georgetown, Passenger Lists, 1904-1942}} at FamilySearch - [[South Carolina, Georgetown, Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?datasetname=united%20states%2c%20passenger%20and%20crew%20lists&state=south%20carolina&datasettitle=south%20carolina%2c%20georgetown%20passenger%20lists%2c%201904-1942&sid=999 Findmypast]''; index & images ($)
 
*'''1906-1962''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2996 South Carolina, Passenger Lists, 1906-1962] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
== Settlement Patterns  ==
*'''1919-1948''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2443352 South Carolina, Charleston U.S. Citizens Passenger Lists, 1919-1948] at FamilySearch - [[South Carolina, Charleston U.S. Citizens Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
 
*'''1944-1945''' {{RecordSearch|2443942|Florida and South Carolina, Airplane Arrival Manifests, 1944-1945}} at FamilySearch - [[Florida and South Carolina, Airplane Arrival Manifests - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; images only
The earliest settlements were on the coastal plain low country of South Carolina. Pushed by a desire to escape the Revolutionary War and pulled by a desire for land, settlers eventually poured into the Piedmont up country. Townships in eighteenth-century South Carolina were established as residences for foreign protestants of various nationalities. Many immigrants were of Ulster Scots, German, and Welsh descent.<ref>[http://www.carolana.com/SC/Royal_Colony/sc_royal_colony_townships_established.html South Carolina Townships Created During the Royal Period (1729 to 1776)], Carolana.com.</ref> In 1770 the population of South Carolina was less than 50,000; by 1790 it had reached 140,000.
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1gEPDH-Y5EEmL_78yhM2a4zc81C6_yVU&ll=2.0214455198272887%2C156.72834639000985&z=3 World Passenger Lists Map]
 
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10119/immigrant-ships-transcribers-guild?s=1&formId=istg&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.south%2F3carolina+epmo.similar Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] at MyHeritage - index only ($)
[[Image:{{SCMigTra}}]] '''Early migration routes:'''<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the Early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref> Savannah River{{·}} [[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-St. Augustine Trail]]{{·}} [[Camden-Charleston Path]]{{·}} [[Catawba and Northern Trail]]{{·}} [[Catawba Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Ft. Charlotte Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Cisca and St. Augustine Trail]] (or Nickajack Trail){{·}} [[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]]{{·}} [[Fall Line Road]] (or Southern Road){{·}} [[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]{{·}} [[Fort Moore-Charleston Trail]]{{·}} [[Great Valley Road]]{{·}} [[King's Highway]]{{·}} [[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]{{·}} [[Lower Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Middle Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Occaneechi Path]]{{·}} [[Old Cherokee Path]]{{·}} [[Old South Carolina State Road]]{{·}} [[Savannah-Jacksonville Trail]]{{·}} [[Secondary Coast Road]]{{·}} [[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]]{{·}} [[Unicoi Trail]]{{·}} [[Upper Road]]{{·}} '''''Ports:&nbsp;''''' [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]]{{·}} [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]]{{·}} [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetown]] <br><br>
*[http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database]
 
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''] at Ancestry] ($). Identifies many British immigrants living in Charleston during the War of 1812.
Early settlement was blocked by thick forests. The best way through the trees was by river, or over Indian trails that were slowly improved into wagon and stagecoach roads. Use the above list of early migration trails to get a better understanding of where early South Carolina settlers came from and where they may have moved.  
*[http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en ''Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina'']  
 
Almost immediately after statehood, South Carolina began to lose population to the westward movement. In the early 1800s, slaveholders moved to new, more fertile plantations in Alabama and Mississippi. In the 1820s, antislavery Quakers moved to the Old Northwest, especially Indiana.
 
South Carolina did not attract many overseas immigrants during the nineteenth century. State-sponsored recruiting efforts brought in a few hundred Germans between 1866 and 1868 and about 2,500 northern Europeans in the early 1900s.
 
== Overseas Immigration  ==
 
The major port of entry to South Carolina is [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]]. Others important&nbsp;ports have included [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]] and [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetown]].
 
=== Colonial Period  ===
 
Brent H. Holcomb, CG, sums up the problem of finding South Carolina passenger lists:<br>"One of the questions most frequently asked about South Carolina records is 'Where are the shiplists?'. Your editor has seen many disappointed faces when he has explained that in the Colonial period they do not exist outside of the few actual lists in the South Carolina Council Journals and what might be gleaned from the texts of individual petitioners for lands."<ref>Brent H. Holcomb, "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research,'' Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183.</ref>
 
*Revill, Janie. ''A Compilation of the Original Lists of Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1763-1773. ''Columbia, S.C.: The State Co., 1939. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref>Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [[Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com|Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com]]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/A_Compilation_of_the_Original_Lists_of_Protestant_Immigrants_to_South_Carolina_1763_1773/4870.html Genealogical.com]; {{FHL|199954|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48270 Ancestry] ($); 1968 reprint: {{FHL|199954|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 W2r 1968}}; digital version of 1996 reprint at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806305991_originalimmigrantssc1763 World Vital Records] ($).
 
*"Some Emigrants to South Carolina 1727," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 14, No. 3 (Summer 1986):133. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 14}}
 
*Holcomb, Brent H.[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/show?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog-search-api%3A8080%2Fwww-catalogapi-webservice%2Fitem%2F775059 ''Petitions for Land from the South Carolina Council Journals'']. (1734-1774) 7 vols. Columbia, S.C.: SCMAR, 1996-1999. In the eighteenth century, many immigrants petitioned for headright lands in the Colony of South Carolina.
 
*"Some Irish Protestant Immigrants to South Carolina 1753 and 1754," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol.&nbsp;17, No. 1 (Winter&nbsp;1989):25-29. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17}}Abstracts of select Irish immigrants found in Council Journals.
 
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham,&nbsp;Peter Wilson]]. ''Emigrants from England to the American Colonies, 1773-1776''. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing co., 1988. {{FHL|313545|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 973 W3c}}.<br>For English passenger lists, 1773 to 1776, which includes some emigrants destined for South Carolina.
 
*Scholarly articles published in ''The American Genealogist'' and the ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'' illustrate strategies that will help Americans trace their colonial South Carolina immigrant origins.
 
==== Colonial Ships  ====
 
Several resources can help you learn more about a colonial ship's history.
 
Though they do not include names of passengers, records kept by the Colonial Office and stored at [[England The National Archives|The National Archives]] (Kew, England), document ships' arrivals and departures from South Carolina ports between 1716 and 1767. FamilySearch microfilmed these records. They are useful for learning about the history of ships entering the colony:
 
:Shipping Lists for South Carolina, 1716-1767. {{FHL|209568|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Films 964002-964003}}
 
''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' identifies ships leaving England, their masters, ports of departure, and destinations. They survive as early as 1764 and are being put online at [http://www.lr.org/en/research-and-innovation/historical-information/lloyds-register-of-ships-online/ Lloyd's Register of Ships Online] - free.
 
Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck created a detailed list of "German Immigrant Voyages, 1683-1775" to Colonial America. Destinations include South Carolina (1730s-1770s). She published the list in an Appendix to:
 
:Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999) {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL book 970 W2w}}.
 
The [http://web.archive.org/web/20100123093207/http://escndatabase.com/shiplist.htm Early South Carolina Newspaper Database] (WayBack Machine) offers a free online index to ships mentioned in eighteenth-century South Carolina newspapers.
 
Lists of ship arrivals announced in the ''South Carolina Gazette'' between 1760 and 1770 have also been published:
 
:Jones, Jack Moreland and Mary Bondurant Warren. ''South Carolina Immigrants, 1760 to 1770''. (Danielsville, Ga.: Heritage Papers, 1988) {{FHL|667315|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 W2j}}.
 
Many ships that sailed from Bristol, England to South Carolina are described in: ''Bristol, Africa and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America 1698-1807'' (4 vols.) {{FHL|504033|item|disp=FHL British Books 942.41/B2 B4b v. 38-39, 42, 47}}. All four volumes are available for free online at the [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/History/bristolrecordsociety/publications.htm Bristol Record Society website].
 
British Naval Office Shipping Lists, 1678-1825, have been digitized by [http://www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk/collection.php?cid=9781851173181&pid=&did=&cat=&sid=BOABRAW&date_option=equal British Online Archives] (site requires subscription). Names of passengers are not included.
 
==== African Immigrants  ====
 
*The [http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database] Internet site contains references to 35,000 slave voyages, including over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation. The database documents the slave trade between Africa, Europe, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the United States.
 
*Records of blacks are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog Place-names Search under the heading:
 
:SOUTH CAROLINA - SLAVERY AND BONDAGE
:SOUTH CAROLINA - MINORITIES
 
==== English Immigrants  ====
 
In lieu of colonial passenger lists regarding early settlers of South Carolina, genealogists must rely on evidence gleaned from a variety of sources to successfully trace immigrant origins.
 
*The Prerogative Court of Canterbury in London proved the wills of many residents of South Carolina. For access, see [[South Carolina Probate Records|South Carolina Probate Records]]. Heraldic visitations list some members of prominent English families who crossed the Atlantic. [http://www.pricegen.com/english_genealogy.html Expert Links: English Family History and Genealogy] includes a concise list of visitations available online. Online archive catalogs, such as [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/ Access to Archives], can be keyword searched for place names, such as "South Carolina" and "Charleston," to retrieve manuscripts stored in hundreds of English archives relating to persons and landholdings&nbsp;in this former English colony. These types of records establish links between South Carolina residents and England, which can lead researchers back to their specific ancestral English towns, villages, and hamlets.
 
*The multi-volume ''Calendar of Colonial State Papers Colonial, America, and West Indies'' (1574-1739), which is available for free online at [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.aspx?type=3&gid=123 British History Online.] (see discussion in [[South Carolina Public Records|South Carolina Public Records]]), highlights many connections between England and South Carolina.
 
*More detailed information on immigration sources is in the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|United States Emigration and Immigration]]. Records of other major ethnic groups, including French Huguenots, Ulster Scots, Jews, Quakers, and Catawba Indians exist.
 
*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Migration to South Carolina, Movement from the New England and Mid-Atlantic States, 1850 Census''. Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2004. {{FHL|1181581|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 X2mm 1850}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc080635223_margaretpeckhammotes2004 World Vital Records] ($).
 
*Scott, Kenneth. ''British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979. {{FHL|78653|item|disp=FHL book 973 W4s}}; digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49091 Ancestry] ($). Identifies many British immigrants living in Charleston during the War of 1812.
 
*Hotten, John Camden. ''The Original Lists of Persons of Quality: Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700, with Their Ages, the Localities Where They Formerly Lived in the Mother Country, the Names of the Ships in which They Embarked, and Other Interesting Particulars; from MSS. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England''. London: the author, 1874. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2065 Ancestry] ($); [http://books.google.com/books?id=B414AAAAMAAJ Google Books]&nbsp;and [http://www.archive.org/details/originallistsofp00hottuoft Internet Archive]; 1983 reprint: {{FHL|1055287|item|disp=FHL book 973 W2hot 1983}}<br>A standard work on early South Carolina immigrants, which includes some passenger lists.
 
:Brandow published an addendum to Hotten's work<br>Brandow, James C. ''Omitted Chapters from Hotten's Original Lists of Persons of Quality ... and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2001. Digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=5XVU5n4ACE0C Google books] (free) and at[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49280 Ancestry] ($).
 
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Peter Wilson Coldham]] has published several volumes of English records that identify, among other American immigrants, those destined for South Carolina. Many English indentured servants completed labor terms in South Carolina. Coldham's works are indexed in Filby's ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s'' (digital version at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)).
 
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''British Emigrants in Bondage, 1614-1788''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2004) {{WorldCat|70046500|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1210004|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM no. 2150.}}
 
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654-1686''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1988) {{WorldCat|18328169|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|658375|item|disp=FHL book 942.41/B2 W2c}}; digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49090 Ancestry] ($); [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~brbwgw/PubForums.htm Chronicle Barbados]&nbsp;(Barbados entries only); [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown].
 
*[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. ''The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607-1776''. n.p.: Brøderbund, 1996. {{WorldCat|62596131|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|773852|item|disp=FHL CD-ROM no. 9 pt. 350}}; digital version of select portions at [http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown].
 
*"Convicts to South Carolina 1728," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):82. {{WorldCat|28227902|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 20}}
 
*Runaway advertisements for colonial indentured servants often yield immigration data. The [http://www.shipindex.org/resources/144-early_south_carolina_newspaper_database Early South Carolina Newspaper Database] indexes these records.
 
==== French Immigrants  ====
 
*Many French Huguenots made South Carolina their home. The 114+ volume ''Transactions of the Huguenot Society of South Carolina'' is a great starting point for research: {{FHL|233283|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 C4h}}. [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en Google books] has several volumes.
 
==== German Immigrants  ====
 
*[http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ The Palatine Project], sponsored by [http://www.progenealogists.com/ AncestryProGenealogists], includes annotated passenger lists for Germans entering Colonial South Carolina.


*The following internet site has potentially useful information:&nbsp;[http://www.germanroots.com/miscports/charleston.html German Roots] (Port of Charleston).
====Cultural Groups====
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/49091/ British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812], e-book
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Carolina+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Carolina


==== Scottish and Irish Immigrants ====
==== Passport Records Online ====
*'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images
*'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($)


David Dobson has dedicated many&nbsp;years to establishing links between Scots and their dispersed Scottish cousins who settled throughout the world. For South Carolina connections, see:  
===Offices to Contact===
Although many records are included in the online records listed above, there are other records available through these archives and offices. For example, there are many minor ports that have not yet been digitized. There are also records for more recent time periods. For privacy reasons, some records can only be accessed after providing proof that your ancestor is now deceased.
====National Archives and Records Administration====
*The [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/overview '''National Archives (NARA)'''] has immigration records for arrivals to the United States from foreign ports between approximately 1820 and 1982. The records are arranged by [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/passenger-arrival.html#where '''Port of Arrival (See Part 5).''']
:*You may do research in immigration records in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001. 
*Some [https://www.archives.gov/locations '''National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) regional facilities'''] have selected immigration records; call to verify their availability or check the online Microfilm Catalog.
*Libraries with large genealogical collections, such as the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog '''FamilySearch Library in Salt Lake City, Utah'''] and the [https://acpl-cms.wise.oclc.org/genealogy '''Allen County Piblic Library'''] also have selected NARA microfilm publications.
:*Order copies of passenger arrival records with [https://www.archives.gov/files/forms/pdf/natf-81.pdf '''NATF Form 81'''.]
=====Ports in NARA Records=====
*Charleston, South Carolina, [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/port/atlantic-gulf-great-lakes.html 1820-1828] and [https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/immigration-records-1891-1957.html#ala 1890-1924]
*[https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/port/atlantic-gulf-great-lakes.html Port Royal, South Carolina, 1865]


*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas 1680-1830. Volume 1. ''Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc. , 1986. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref>Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/Directory_of_Scots_in_the_Carolinas_1680_1830__Volume_1/1483.html Genealogical.com]; {{WorldCat|13148391|disp=At various libraries}}; {{FHL|383575|item|disp=FHL Book 975 F2d}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_directoryscottishnorthamerica1680-1830_vol1 World Vital Records] ($).
====U.S. Citizenship and and Immigration Services Genealogy Program====
The [https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy '''USCIS Genealogy Program'''] is a fee-for-service program that provides researchers with timely access to historical immigration and naturalization records of deceased immigrants. If the immigrant was born less than 100 years ago, you will also need to provide proof of his/her death.
=====Immigration Records Available=====
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/a-files-numbered-below-8-million '''A-Files:'''] Immigrant Files, (A-Files) are the individual alien case files, which became the official file for all immigration records created or consolidated since April 1, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/historical-record-series/alien-registration-forms-on-microfilm-1940-1944 '''Alien Registration Forms (AR-2s):'''] Alien Registration Forms (Form AR-2) are copies of approximately 5.5 million Alien Registration Forms completed by all aliens age 14 and older, residing in or entering the United States between August 1, 1940 and March 31, 1944.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/registry-files-march-2-1929-march-31-1944''' Registry Files:'''] Registry Files are records, which document the creation of immigrant arrival records for persons who entered the United States prior to July 1, 1924, and for whom no arrival record could later be found.
*[https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/historical-record-series/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944'''Visa Files:'''] Visa Files are original arrival records of immigrants admitted for permanent residence under provisions of the Immigration Act of 1924.<ref>"Genealogy", at USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy, accessed 26 March 2021.</ref>


*Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scots in the Carolinas, 1680-1830, Volume 2''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004. Digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352310_directoryscotscarolinas_vol2 World Vital Records] ($). Also available {{WorldCat|55732092|disp=at various libraries (WorldCat).}}
=====Requesting a Record=====
*[https://genealogy.uscis.dhs.gov/ '''Web Request Page'''] allows you to request a records, pay fees, and upload supporting documents (proof of death).
*[https://www.uscis.gov/records/genealogy/genealogical-records-help/record-requests-frequently-asked-questions '''Record Requests Frequently Asked Questions''']


*Motes, Margaret Peckham. ''Irish Found in South Carolina 1850 Census''. (Baltimore, Md.: Clearfield, 2003) {{WorldCat|52114210|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|1127308|item|disp=FHL book 975.7 F2mm}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806352035_margaretpeckhammotes World Vital Records] ($).
==Finding Town of Origin==
Records in the countries emigrated from are kept on the local level. You must first identify the '''name of the town''' where your ancestors lived to access those records. If you do not yet know the name of the town of your ancestor's birth, there are well-known strategies for a thorough hunt for it.
*[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']]


*Stephenson, Jean. ''Scotch-Irish Migration to South Carolina, 1772 Rev. William Martin and His Five Shiploads of Settlers. ''Strasburg, Virginia: Shenandoah Publishing House, 1971. [http://www.genealogical.com/ '''Free Name Search''']<ref>Name Search at Genealogical.com is a comprehensive name index to 638 books and CDs published or reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Company (now Genealogical.com). For a complete list of the works included, see [http://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Publications_in_Name_Search_at_Genealogical.com Publications in Name Search at Genealogical.com]</ref>; publisher's bookstore: [http://www.genealogical.com/products/Scotch_Irish_Migration_to_South_Carolina_1772/9428.html Genealogical.com]; {{WorldCat|138947|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|199956|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 W2s}}; digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=rts4J_rwXRsC Google books] (Free) and at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806348321_scotch-irishsc World Vital Records] ($).
==Background==
*About 80 percent of the settlers of colonial [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolina]] were of English origin. Many of them came by way of [[Barbados Genealogy|Barbados]] and other colonies rather than directly from [[England Genealogy|England]].<ref>Warren Alleyne and Henry Fraser, ''The Barbados-Carolina Connection'' (London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 1988). {{WorldCat|17840897|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|428472|item|disp=FS Catalog book 972.981 H2a}}; David L. Kent, ''Barbados and America''. (Arlington, Va.: C.M. Kent, 1980). {{WorldCat|6647288|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|316574|item|disp=FS Catalog book 972.981 X2b}}. In 1664, a "group of Barbadians joined in an agreement to settle in Carolina." In the twentieth century, this document was kept in the South Carolina Historical Society Collection (reference V/29). See: Moriarty, Appendix, ''Barbados Genealogies,'' p. 670.</ref>
*A group of Dutch settlers from [[New York Genealogy|New York]] came to South Carolina in 1671.  
*Another smaller group was of French origin, mostly descendants of [[South Carolina Church Records#Huguenot|Huguenots]], who came to the area beginning in 1680.
*More numerous were the Scottish dissenters, who were brought in beginning in 1682, and the Germans, who arrived during the eighteenth century.
*Blacks constituted a majority of the population from early colonial times until 1930.
*State-sponsored recruiting efforts brought in a few hundred Germans between 1866 and 1868 and about 2,500 northern Europeans in the early 1900s.


=== 1783 to Present ===
==Immigration Records==
'''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]]
===What can I find in them?===
====[[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]====
*'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''.  The names of wives and children were often not included. 


*The Family History Library and the National Archives (Washington, D.C.) have fragmentary passenger lists for Charleston for 1820 to 1828 {{FHL|66154|item|disp=FHL film 820234}} and for Port Royal for 1865 {{FHL|66154|item|disp=FHL film 830245}}.
*'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin.


*The following abstracts of the Charleston and Port Royal Passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. "Passengers Arriving at the Port of Charleston 1820-1829," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 17, No. 4 (Fall 1989):183-189; Vol. 18, No. 1 (Winter 1990):13-21; Vol. 18, No. 2 (Spring 1990):75-83; Vol. 18, No. 3 (Summer 1990):133-145; Vol. 18, No. 4 (Fall 1990):195-201; Vol. 19, No. 1 (Winter 1991):13-23; Vol. 19, No. 2 (Spring 1991):79-91; Vol. 19, No. 3 (Summer 1991):127-137; Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 1991):189-198; Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter 1992):11-21; Vol. 20, No. 2 (Spring 1992):83-93; Vol. 20, No. 3 (Summer 1992):143-153; Vol. 21, No. 1 (Winter 1993):21-27; Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring 1993):81-87; Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer 1993):151-159; Vol. 21, No. 4 (Fall 1993):205-213; Vol. 22, No. 1 (Winter 1994):29-37; Vol. 22, No. 2 (Spring 1994):99-105. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 17-22}}.
*'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included:
**name, age, sex,
**nationality, occupation, marital status,  
**last residence, final destination in the U.S.,  
**whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long),  
**if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship,  
**whether able to read and write,  
**whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage,
**amount of money the immigrant had in their possession,  
**whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane,
**whether the passenger was a polygamist,  
**and immigrant's state of health.  


*Reprinted versions of the Charleston passenger lists:<br>Holcomb, Brent H. ''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Charleston, 1820-1829''. 1994. Digital versions at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=48269 Ancestry] ($) and [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc_passengerarrivalscharleston1820-1829 World Vital Records] ($).
*'''1906--'''  - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included.


*A few arrivals at Charleston are included in an index to passenger lists of vessels arriving at miscellaneous southern ports from 1890 to 1924 {{FHL|341257|item|disp=FHL films 1324938 – 1324963.}}
====[[South Carolina Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]]  ====
Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as:


*Customs records for the ports of Charleston, Georgetown, and Beaufort are at the [[South Carolina Department of Archives and History]]. Several published records of pre-1900 immigrants are indexed in P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1981, 1985, 1986) {{WorldCat|7385897|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|291926|item|disp=FHL book 973 W32p}}. Supplements are issued annually. There are cumulative indexes.
*Birthplace 
*Birth date
*Naturalization information
*Arrival information, if foreign born


=== Online Resources  ===
== In-country Migration ==
 
{{ImmDCleft}}<br><br><br><br><br>
 
*'''1944 - 1945''' {{RecordSearch|2443942|Florida and South Carolina, Airplane Arrival Manifests, 1944-1945}} at [https://familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — images <br><br>
 
Five major immigration collections include:
 
#[http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt=40 Ancestry's Immigration &amp; Travel Records]&nbsp;($). The place to start, includes Filby's indexes.&nbsp;
#[http://immigrantservants.com/search/simple.php Immigrant Servants Database]. Index to indentured servants; includes&nbsp;South Carolina.&nbsp;
#[http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/search_indentures.html Virtual Jamestown]. Scope is&nbsp;not limited to Colonial Virginia; includes English emigrants embarking for South Carolina.&nbsp;
#[http://www.olivetreegenealogy.com/ships/tousa_sc.shtml The Olive&nbsp;Tree Genealogy]. Includes South Carolina passenger lists.
#[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ote/caroship.htm Rootsweb] Passenger Lists of Ships to South & North Carolina.
 
== American Immigration ==


Many settlers from North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia migrated down into South Carolina during the colonial period. The Great Valley Road, which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route.  
Many settlers from North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia migrated down into South Carolina during the colonial period. The Great Valley Road, which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route.  
=== South Carolina Migration Routes  ===


=== North Carolina Immigrants  ===
Savannah River{{·}} [[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Augusta-St. Augustine Trail]]{{·}} [[Camden-Charleston Path]]{{·}} [[Catawba and Northern Trail]]{{·}} [[Catawba Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Ft. Charlotte Trail]]{{·}} [[Charleston-Savannah Trail]]{{·}} [[Cisca and St. Augustine Trail]] (or Nickajack Trail){{·}} [[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]]{{·}} [[Fall Line Road]] (or Southern Road){{·}} [[Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]{{·}} [[Fort Moore-Charleston Trail]]{{·}} [[Great Valley Road]]{{·}} [[King's Highway]]{{·}} [[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]]{{·}} [[Lower Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Middle Creek Trading Path]]{{·}} [[Occaneechi Path]]{{·}} [[Old Cherokee Path]]{{·}} [[Old South Carolina State Road]]{{·}} [[Savannah-Jacksonville Trail]]{{·}} [[Secondary Coast Road]]{{·}} [[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]]{{·}} [[Unicoi Trail]]{{·}} [[Upper Road]]{{·}} '''''Ports: ''''' [[Beaufort County, South Carolina|Beaufort]]{{·}} [[Charleston County, South Carolina|Charleston]]{{·}} [[Georgetown County, South Carolina|Georgetown]]{{·}} [[Atlantic Coast Ports]]
 
*Linn, Mrs. Stahle. "Some Migrations from Rowan County, North Carolina to South Carolina," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research,'' Vol. 11, No. 3 (Summer 1983):124-127. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 11}}
 
*Webster, Irene B. "Some Migrations from Rockingham County, North Carolina to South Carolina," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 9, No. 1 (Winter 1998):28-30. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 9}}
 
=== Pennsylvania Immigrants  ===
 
=== Virginia Immigrants  ===
 
Bell published a series of articles about Southside Virginians who migrated to eighteenth-century South Carolina. Her strategy demonstrates how to find migration records:
 
*Bell, Mary McCampbell. "Some Migrations from Virginia to South Carolina," ''The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research'', Vol. 9, No. 3 (Summer 1981):143-144; Vol. 9, No. 4 (Fall 1981):183-190; Vol. 10, No. 1 (Winter 1982):37-42; Vol. 10, No. 2 (Spring 1982):70-77; Vol. 10, No. 3 (Summer 1982):136-143; Vol. 11, No. 2 (Spring 1983):97-102; Vol. 12, No. 1 (Winter 1984):19-21; Vol. 12, No. 2 (Spring 1984):94-99; Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer 1985):127-129. {{FHL|43856|item|disp=FHL Book 975.7 B2sc v. 9-13}}
 
== Westward Migrants  ==
 
Free native-born South Carolinians, alive in 1850, who had left the state, resettled as follows:<ref name="Lynch">These statistics do not account for the large number of South Carolinians who had migrated and died before the year 1850. See: William O. Lynch, "The Westward Flow of Southern Colonists before 1861," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 9, No. 3 (Aug. 1943):303-327. Digital version at [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2191319 JSTOR] ($).</ref>
 
{| width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
| bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''State'''
| bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Persons Born in South Carolina'''
|-
| Georgia
| 52,154
|-
| Alabama
| 48,663
|-
| Mississippi
| 27,908
|-
| Tennessee
| 15,197
|-
| Arkansas
| 4,587
|-
| Louisiana
| 4,583
|-
| Texas
| 4,482
|-
| Florida
| 4,470
|-
| Indiana
| 4,169
|-
| Illinois
| 4,162
|-
| Kentucky
| 3,164
|-
| Missouri
| 2,919
|-
| Ohio
| 1,468
|}
 
*Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' {{WorldCat|21376809|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|265121|item|disp=FHL Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from South Carolina into territories that are now [[Alabama Genealogy|Alabama]], [[Florida Genealogy|Florida]], [[Louisiana Genealogy|Louisiana]], [[Mississippi Genealogy|Mississippi]], and [[Missouri Genealogy|Missouri]].


*Robertson compiled a list of South Carolinians living in Kansas in 1860:<br>Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina&nbsp;: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976) {{WorldCat|2523248|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FHL|205844|item|disp=FHL book 978.1 H2ro}}; digital version at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ERajaYX1Zo4C Google Books] (free) and [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806306971_clarahamlettrobertson1976 World Vital Records] ($).
==For Further Reading==
The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog:
*{{FSC|United States, South Carolina - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=60483628|disp=United States, South Carolina - Emigration and immigration}}
*{{FSC|United States, South Carolina - Emigration and immigration - Indexes|subject|subject-id=282051833|disp=United States, South Carolina - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}}
*{{FSC|United States, South Carolina - Minorities|subject|subject-id=2057624089|disp=United States, South Carolina - Minorities}}


== References  ==
== References  ==
Naisbittrl
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