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[[ | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Wales | |||
|Name=Wales | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Business and Occupations | |||
|Rating=Acceptable | |||
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| link1=[[Wales Genealogy|Wales]] | |||
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| link5=[[Wales Business and Occupations|Business and Occupations]] | |||
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==Online Resources== | |||
*'''1720-1940''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62979/ U.K. and U.S., Blacksmiths and Related Trades Index, 1720-1940] at Ancestry — index & images ($) | |||
*'''1767-1973''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/britain-royal-and-imperial-calendars-1767-1973-browse Britain, Royal and Imperial Calendars 1767-1973 Browse] at Findmypast — index & images ($) | |||
*'''1860-1970''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62452/ UK, Royal Mail Pension and Gratuity Records, 1860-1970] at Ancestry — index & images ($) | |||
*'''1871-1942''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/civil-service-commission-appointments-promotions-and-transfers-1871-1942 Civil Service Commission Appointments, Promotions and Transfers 1871-1942] at Findmypast — index ($) | |||
*'''1899-1900''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-50941/cranes-directory-uk-europe-australasia-1899-1900?s=275764761 Crane's Directory UK, Europe Australasia 1899-1900] at MyHeritage — index ($) | |||
==Information== | |||
Knowing an ancestor’s occupation can help you distinguish him from other individuals with the same name. The records associated with your ancestor’s occupation could provide information about his life and family. | Knowing an ancestor’s occupation can help you distinguish him from other individuals with the same name. The records associated with your ancestor’s occupation could provide information about his life and family. | ||
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To learn a trade, an individual had to be apprenticed. Depending on a person’s social standing, he could be apprenticed by his parents or by a parish or charity. When a person was apprenticed, a record called an indenture was usually created. It was a legal agreement that bound the apprentice to serve a number of years, usually seven. Indentures usually contain the names of the apprentice and the master who would teach him, the master’s trade and residence, the terms of apprenticeship, and sometimes the name, occupation, and residence of the apprentice’s father. Indentures are the only surviving records for some occupations, like carpentry, stone masonry, and weaving. | To learn a trade, an individual had to be apprenticed. Depending on a person’s social standing, he could be apprenticed by his parents or by a parish or charity. When a person was apprenticed, a record called an indenture was usually created. It was a legal agreement that bound the apprentice to serve a number of years, usually seven. Indentures usually contain the names of the apprentice and the master who would teach him, the master’s trade and residence, the terms of apprenticeship, and sometimes the name, occupation, and residence of the apprentice’s father. Indentures are the only surviving records for some occupations, like carpentry, stone masonry, and weaving. | ||
Starting in 1710, a tax was levied on apprenticeship indentures, except those of poor children. For more information on the apprenticeship tax, see | Starting in 1710, a tax was levied on apprenticeship indentures, except those of poor children. For more information on the apprenticeship tax, see [[Wales Taxation]]. | ||
Parishes and certain charities indentured poor children as apprentices. These records may survive in parish records. For more information on the apprenticeship indentures for poor children in parish records, see | Parishes and certain charities indentured poor children as apprentices. These records may survive in parish records. For more information on the apprenticeship indentures for poor children in parish records, see [[Wales Church Records]]. | ||
After learning the trade, the apprentice became a journeyman. A journeyman was an employee who received wages and continued to refine his skills. | After learning the trade, the apprentice became a journeyman. A journeyman was an employee who received wages and continued to refine his skills. | ||
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Definitions of occupations can be found in: | Definitions of occupations can be found in: | ||
*Murray, Sir James A.H., ed. ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 13 vols plus supps. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1933–. ( | *Murray, Sir James A.H., ed. ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 13 vols plus supps. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1933–. (FS Library book {{FSC|423 M964o|disp=423 M964o}}.) | ||
A bibliography of sources for occupations can be found in: | A bibliography of sources for occupations can be found in: | ||
*Raymond, Stuart A. 2nd ed.''Occupational Sources for Genealogists''. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1996. ( | *Raymond, Stuart A. 2nd ed.''Occupational Sources for Genealogists''. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications) Ltd., 1996. (FS Library book {{FSC|942 U23rs |disp=942 U23rs}} 1996.) | ||
Occupational histories, records, and related items can be found in county record offices and at the National Library of Wales.<ref>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ''Research Outline: Wales'' (Salt Lake City: Corporation of the President, 2000), 55-56.</ref> Those found at the | Occupational histories, records, and related items can be found in county record offices and at the National Library of Wales.<ref>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ''Research Outline: [[Wales Genealogy|Wales]]'' (Salt Lake City: Corporation of the President, 2000), 55-56. NOTE: All of the information from the original research outline has been imported into the FamilySearch Wiki and is both enhanced and updated by the genealogical community.</ref> Those found at the FamilySearch Library are listed in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under: | ||
;WALES - OCCUPATIONS | ;WALES - OCCUPATIONS | ||
;WALES, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONS | ;WALES, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONS | ||
;WALES, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - OCCUPATIONS | ;WALES, [COUNTY], [PARISH] - OCCUPATIONS | ||
== | ==City and borough records: Guild, apprentice and freeman== | ||
Research use: Family linkage, apprenticeship and succession of father to son is found in freedom records. Movement from birthplace, to place of apprenticeship provides lineage connection. | |||
Record type: Apprenticeship, freedom records, land and probate records. | |||
Time period: 17th century to present. | |||
Contents: Apprenticeship indentures: Dates, name of father, occupation of apprentice, age and sometimes birthplace, residence, name, address and occupation of masters. Apprenticeship record books: Dates, name of apprentice and master, sometimes residence. Records of freeman: Dates, name of freeman, father, place of residence, occupation, some lineage linkage. | |||
Location: National Library of Wales, County Record Offices. | |||
Population coverage: 30%. | |||
Reliability: Very good.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Wales,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1989-1997.</ref> | |||
=== Websites about occupations === | |||
*[http://www.welshmines.org Welsh Mines] | |||
*[http://www.welshmariners.org.uk Welsh Mariners] | |||
*[http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/ Welsh Coal Mines] | |||
*[[Coal Mining in Great Britain|Coal Mining in Great Britain]] | |||
*[http://www.ancestry.com/historicalinsights/coal-mining-wales/person/18147910769:1030:31922884 Coal Mines in South Wales-Ancestry] | |||
*[http://www.miningartifacts.org/Wales-Mines.html Mines of Wales] | |||
*[http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/DisastersList.htm Welsh Mining Disasters] | |||
== Sources == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{Place|Wales}} | |||
[[Category:Wales Occupations]] | |||
[[Category:Wales]] | [[Category:Wales]] | ||