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{{Hungary | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Hungary | |||
|Name=Hungary | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Naming Customs | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Hungary Genealogy|Hungary]] | | link1=[[Hungary Genealogy|Hungary]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| link3= | | link3= | ||
| link4= | | link4= | ||
| link5=[[Hungary | | link5=[[Hungary Naming Customs|Naming Customs]] | ||
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==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
*[[Given Name Equivalents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire|'''Given Name Equivalents''']] This table, based on the resource [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 Słownik imion], alphabetizes names in Latin, with equivalents in other languages, including Hungarian. | |||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/hungarian '''Behind the Name: Hungarian Surnames'''] | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/hungarian '''Behind the Name: Hungarian Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/hungarian '''Behind the Name: Hungarian Given Names'''] | *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/hungarian '''Behind the Name: Hungarian Given Names'''] | ||
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Hungarian_given_names#A '''Hungarian Given Names (Wiktionary)'''] | *[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Hungarian_given_names#A '''Hungarian Given Names (Wiktionary)'''] | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSD3-QQYY?i=3&cat=199727 '''Hungarian Personal Names''' (CIA)] | *[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSD3-QQYY?i=3&cat=199727 '''Hungarian Personal Names''' (CIA)] | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
===Name Order=== | ===Name Order=== | ||
Hungarian names usually consist of a single given name and a single surname (family name). | Hungarian names usually consist of a single given name and a single surname (family name). The surname is used before the given name. For example: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
{| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Hungarian Name<br>SURNAME - Given Name !! English Name<br>Given Name - Surname | |||
|- | |- | ||
| NAGY János | | NAGY János || John Nagy | ||
| John Nagy | |||
|- | |- | ||
| KOVÁCS Mária | | KOVÁCS Mária || Mary Smith | ||
| Mary Smith | |||
|} | |} | ||
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===Surname Origins=== | ===Surname Origins=== | ||
Surnames were usually derived from common sources such as trades, characteristics, ethnic origins, place names, etc. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
{| | |- | ||
! Source !! Hungarian !! English | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Occupation || SZABÓ Ferenc || Frank Taylor | ||
| SZABÓ Ferenc | |||
| Frank Taylor | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Occupation || MOLNÁR Lajos || Louis Miller | ||
| MOLNÁR Lajos | |||
| Louis Miller | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Characteristic || KIS Mihály || Michael Little | ||
| KIS Mihály | |||
| Michael Little | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Characteristic || FEHÉR Erzsébet || Elizabeth White | ||
| FEHÉR Erzsébet | |||
| Elizabeth White | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Origin || TÖRÖK Katalin || Catherine Turk | ||
| TÖRÖK Katalin | |||
| Catherine Turk | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Nobility=== | === Nobility === | ||
A title of nobility is placed before the surname: | A title of nobility is placed before the surname: | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gróf NAGY János | ! Hungarian !! English | ||
| Count John Nagy | |- | ||
| gróf NAGY János || Count John Nagy | |||
|} | |} | ||
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In Hungary '''women keep their birth name throughout their life, married or not'''. There is no married name and maiden name in the sense familiar to Americans. | In Hungary '''women keep their birth name throughout their life, married or not'''. There is no married name and maiden name in the sense familiar to Americans. | ||
In comparison to an English example, if John White married Elizabeth Black, Elizabeth may be referred to as Mrs. John White. | |||
In Hungarian, the positions of the names are inverted, Last name first, and given name second. So if we have Feher János and Fekete Erzsébet, Erzsébet may be referred to as Feher Jánosne. (Broken down in English, this would be: White John Mrs.) | |||
==Given Names== | ==Given Names== | ||
Language changed over time in church-based record keeping between Hungarian ("old Hungarian") and Latin. There can be different variations or versions of a given name that may be used for every record for an individual, including abbreviations by only writing the first few letters of the name.<br> | |||
'''Examples:''' <br> | |||
''John:'' Johan, Johannes, Janos, Jan<br> | |||
''Elizabeth:'' Elisabetha, Elizabetha, Erszébet, Örszebet, Ersze, Örzse <br> | |||
''Steven:'' Stephanus, István, Steph<br> | |||
''George:'' Gyorgy, Gergly, Georgius<br> | |||
''Rose:'' Roza, Rosa, Rozalia, Rosalia<br> | |||
===Nicknames=== | |||
In English, the name John can turn into "Johnny". In Hungarian, it would turn Janos into Janoska, adding a suffix. Anna could be turned into Annuska. These are names used more in private or in interpersonal relationships, and are ''not'' considered their formal or legal names. | |||
=== Słownik imion (Dictionary of names) === | |||
In many Hungarian records, given names are translated into Latin or German. One of the best resources to identify the Hungarian (or other language) version of a Latin name is the [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 '''Słownik imion'''], or dictionary of names. This information has been indexed into a searchable [[Given Name Equivalents in the Austro-Hungarian Empire|'''online table''']]. A digital copy of the book is available [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQ27-6 online]. An [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQKT-S index] to all variant names is located at the [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS8L-TQKT-S back of the book]. | |||
=== Suffixes === | === Suffixes === | ||
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To refer to a married woman as her husband's wife, the suffix '''''-né'' is attached to her husband's given name.''' For example: | To refer to a married woman as her husband's wife, the suffix '''''-né'' is attached to her husband's given name.''' For example: | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Hungarian !! English | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | Klausenberger Ignácz'''né''' Bival Rosália || Rosália Bival, wife of Ignácz Klausenberger | ||
|} | |} | ||
Although '''''Nagy Jánosné''''' resembles the American formal '''''Mrs. John Nagy''''', use of ''-né'' is not a traditional Hungarian naming convention. Historical records naming Hungarian women in this American style are rare. Most prevalent are 19th century and early 20th century | Although '''''Nagy Jánosné''''' resembles the American formal '''''Mrs. John Nagy''''', use of ''-né'' is not a traditional Hungarian naming convention. Historical records naming Hungarian women in this American style are rare. Most prevalent are 19th century and early 20th century United States immigration records and, in recent decades, grave markers in Hungary. Example of this on a grave marker: | ||
{| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Hungarian !! English | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Nagy | | Nagy Lajos<br>1914 – 1984 || Lajos Nagy<br>1914 – 1984 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1923 | | Nagy Lajosné<br>1923 – 2001 || Mrs. Lajos Nagy<br>1923 – 2001 | ||
|} | |} | ||
See [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-né#Etymology_1 '''more about "-né"'''] on Wiktionary. | See [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-né#Etymology_1 '''more about "-né"'''] on Wiktionary. | ||
==== Suffix ''-nak'' or ''-nek'' ==== | |||
Suffix attached to a noun to form the dative case. This is seen on church records of baptisms and burials, modifying the names of the mother and father. | |||
For example, the names of the couple Terez Vida and Tamas Csicsai are written on some of their children's records as Vida Tereznek and Csicsai Tamasnak. | |||
See [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-nek#Etymology_1 '''more about "-nek"'''] on Wiktionary. | |||
===Second given names and religious names=== | ===Second given names and religious names=== | ||
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===Name Days=== | ===Name Days=== | ||
Hungarians also celebrate name days [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_days_in_Hungary | Hungarians, like Swedes, also celebrate name days. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_days_in_Hungary Each day in the calendar has one or more designated personal names.]<ref>"Hungarian names", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_names, accessed 28 February 2021.</ref> | ||
==Bynames and Patronymics== | == Bynames and Patronymics == | ||
As rule, in Hungary bynames including patronymic bynames did not enter use as surnames. | As a rule, in Hungary bynames--including patronymic bynames-- did not enter use as surnames. | ||
*Hungarians use a "byname" to help '''distinguish people with the same given names'''. | *Hungarians use a "byname" to help '''distinguish people with the same given names'''. | ||
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*The byname might be used within the village or town, but were '''not fixed surnames'''. | *The byname might be used within the village or town, but were '''not fixed surnames'''. | ||
*Further, a person might be known by '''one byname in a town, and be called by a different byname when traveling''' (referring to where they are from.) | *Further, a person might be known by '''one byname in a town, and be called by a different byname when traveling''' (referring to where they are from.) | ||
*Bynames were '''not hereditary'''. | *Bynames were '''not hereditary'''. | ||
== For Further Reading == | == For Further Reading == | ||
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*[http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/magyarnames1012.html '''Hungarian Names 101'''] | *[http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/magyarnames1012.html '''Hungarian Names 101'''] | ||
*[http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/hungarian/index.html '''Hungarian Personal Names of the 16th Century'''] | *[http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/hungarian/index.html '''Hungarian Personal Names of the 16th Century'''] | ||
===FamilySearch | === FamilySearch Catalog === | ||
*Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | *Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
**{{ | **{{FSC|Hungary - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=2109830293|disp= Hungary - Names, Personal}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Hungary]] | [[Category:Hungary]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
[[Category:Patronyms]] | [[Category:Patronyms]] | ||
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