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Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.  
==Online Resources==
 
*'''1674-1851''' {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at FamilySearch — index & images
These records are very helpful for research because in many areas the authorities began recording probate actions before birth and death records.  
*'''1651-1895''' {{FSC|73126|title-id|disp=Uddrag af kirkebøger, skiftebøger og forskellige protokoller fra Rigsarkivet, Provinsarkivet, Bispearkivet, o.s.v., ca. 1651-1895 }}(*); Petersen, A., b. 1827 at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1680-1720''' {{FSC|417814|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1680-1720}}(*); Ryttergods (4. Jyske Regiment) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1687-1737''' {{FSC|417503|title-id|disp=Skifteprotokoller, 1687-1737}}(*); Rytterdistrikt (Koldinghus) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1847''' {{FSC|538957|title-id|disp=Blanketregnskaber 1800-1847 }}(*); Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1800-1848''' {{FSC|505598|title-id|disp=Testamenter konfirmerede gennem overøvrigheden, 1800-1848 }}(*); Danske Kancelli at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*'''1802''' {{FSC|336896|title-id|disp=Testamente efter Frederick Christian Rosenkrantz, 1802 }}(*); Rosenkrantz, Frederick Christian at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|343248|title-id|disp=Index to the probate records of various Danish Cavalry land grants, including miscellaneous judicial districts and parishes }}(*) at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|59409|title-id|disp=The probate records of Denmark }}(*); Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Genealogical Department at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*{{FSC|735434|title-id|disp=Systematisk fremstilling af det danske skiftevæsen , et forsøg :}}(*); Hansen, Jens Olaus at FamilySearch Catalog - images
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Copyhold and Probates] Danske Slægtsforskere Odense
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - [https://aurelia-clemons.dk/probate.htm Probate extractions] for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, not just those related to the website owner, any given surname, or area. This is also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjælland.
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Erik Brejls Hjemmeside] Probate extracts for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country as well as most cities. In Danish.
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish.
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish.
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish.
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish.
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Sall Data] Scanned probate records. Select '''Skifter''' from the drop-down list to begin searching.
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s DIS-Arkivalielister] Probate records listed by registering authority. In Danish.


Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a parent died and left children that were not of age (age 25). Often an estate was probated even if the children were of age.  
==Denmark Probate Records==
Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses. <br> <br>


Although probate records are one of the most accurate sources of genealogical information, the relationships noted in the records may not always have the same meaning today. For instance, a brother-in-law may be recorded as a brother, because legally that made no difference.  
These records are very helpful for research because they provide direct evidence of relationships. Often a single probate will list several individuals and their exact relationships to each other. <br> <br>


From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the ''foged'' (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the ''sorenskriver'' (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of ''sorenskriver'' took on the meaning of probate judge.  
Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a person died and left minor heirs, absent heirs, or no heirs. The definition of "minor heirs" was any male under the age of 25 or any female who has never married. <br>


{| border="1" align="right"
{| border="1" align="right"
Line 25: Line 52:
*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Marriage Information|Marriage Information]]  
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
*[[Denmark: Finding Death Information|Death Information]]
|}


|}
=== Classes in the Learning Center ===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/User:TannerBlairTolman Tanner Blair Tolman, AG®] presented a class in 2019 called ''Denmark Probate Records.'' It can be accessed by clicking  [https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/denmark-probate-records here.]


=== The Probate Process  ===
=== The Probate Process  ===


Before 1683, probate records were often part of the general court records. The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.  
The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided. <br> <br>


The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.  
The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority. <br> <br>


No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate [uskiftet bo]. Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.  
No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate (''uskiftet bo''). Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution. <br> <br>


All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.  
All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval. <br> <br>


Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.  
Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship. <br> <br>


To view records examples of&nbsp;''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].  
To view records examples of ''skifteprotokollerne ''(administrations of estates) with translations click [[Denmark record examples of Skifteprotokollerne|here]].


=== Wills and Indexes [Testamentprotokoller med Indexer] ===
=== The Availability of Probate Records ===


Research use: These records are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills.  
Although many Danish probates have survived and they are some of the best genealogical records for Danish research, finding a probate for your person of interest can be tricky. To find a probate for your person of interest, you must first know where he lived, what class of person he was, and, if he was a tenant farmer (or cottager), to which [[Danish Gods| estate]] he was bound. <br> <br>


Record type: Legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice [Justitsministeriet] kept copies of all wills.  
*Probate records for clergy and schoolteachers were kept by the provsti (deanery) until about 1803-1814. After that time their probates were recorded by the local herred (the lowest court district). <br> <br>


Time period: 1500 to present.  
*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from a local estate or institution were recorded by the estate to which they were bound until 1788-1817. After this time, their probates may also be recorded in the herred or they may still be recorded by the estate as some estates kept the right to probate with special consideration until 1850. <br> <br>
[[Image:Crown Land Hotspot.jpg|thumb|right|350px]]
*Probate records for farmers and cottagers who leased their land from the crown were recorded by the local [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]] (taxation district). The closer your ancestor's farm was to Copenhagen, the more likely it is that they lived on crown owned land. The includes maps show places where the crown owned all or most of the land. If your ancestor lived in one of those areas, you should especially consider the ''amtstue'' when searching for your ancestor's probate. The only exception is Bornholm which did not use the amtstue for probates. <br> <br>


Contents: Name and age of testator, residence, heirs, relationships, description of land and property, date of will, signature, witnesses. Indexes.  
*Probate records for freeholders (farmers and cottagers who owned their land outright) were recorded by the [[Danish Amt 1662 - 1793| amt (county)]] until about 1793 when the counties were reorganized (the word about is used because some of the counties actually reorganized later. Maribo county, for example, was not formed until 1803). After this time they were recorded by the herred. <br> <br>


Location: There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.  
*Each city, besides Copenhagen, has its own local probate jurisdiction called the byret. <br> <br>


Percentage in Family History Library: Overall about 45%. The library has already acquired about 90% of will transcripts (1750-1848) as part of chancery records. Although most of the probate records of Denmark have been filmed, the Family History Library has not filmed any original wills.  
*Copenhagen had its own unique and complex system. Information on it is provided below at also on this page.


Population coverage: 10%.  
As probates are most likely to be used before 1814, and most Danes before that time were tenant farmers, you will probably spend most of your time searching the probate records of the various estates. <br> <br>


Reliability: Very good.<ref name="profile" />
The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS. This will bring up most of the possible places a probate for your ancestor might be if he or she died in that parish, but it will not bring all of them up. Some estates either do not have surviving probates or their probates were not filmed by the GSU (now FamilySearch). Additionally, FamilySearch has most of the probates recorded by the [[Danish Amtstue| amtstue]], but they will not appear in this search. To find those you will need to identify the correct amtstue (which often has the same name as the amt) and then search for records created by that amtstue specifically in either FamilySearch or [https://www.sa.dk/da/ Daisy.] <br>


For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].
Some wonderful indexes have been prepared to these various records by the Land Archive for Sjælland and are found both at Landsarkivet and the Family History Library on microfiche, the most extensive index being for the Forseglingsprotokoller:


=== The Availability of Probate Records  ===
*Forseglingsprotokoller 1720-1919 (FHL fiche 6030293-60401670).<br>
*Ordinære boer 1660-1771 (FHLfiche 6030251-6030255).<br>
*Konceptskrifter [draft probates] 1660-1771 (FHL fiche 6030238-6030250).<br>
*Behandlingsprotokoller 1715-1771 (FHL fiche 6030233-6030237).<br>
*Samfrændskifter [relative probates] 1771-1810 (FHL fiche 6030270-6030271).<br>
*Eksekutorboer [executor estate] 1790-1919 (FHL fiche 6030256-6030269).<br>


Before the 1683 law, probate was held only when there were problems in dividing an estate. After 1683 the probate records are separate from the other court records and handled by the probate judge.
==== Copenhagen: 1670-1771  ====
There were 13 different probate courts in Copenhagen. See the article [[Copenhagen Probate Jurisdictions]] for details. The four largest were the following:


Probate records for clergy, schoolteachers, and military officers were often kept separate from the regular probate jurisdiction. Church officials would conduct probate for a priest or a schoolteacher, and a commanding officer for a military officer.  
#'''Magistrats skiftekommission, 1681-1781''' - Magistrate's probate commission, also called Byretten {''city court''). These records are for the commoners of the city. Index on FHL film 0045256 and 0044771, records on films 0044772-0045255.
#'''Hofretten, 1679-1771''' - Castle Court. This court was for high civil officials. Index, FHL film 0044596; probates FHL films 0044597¬0044688.
#'''Borgretten, 1682-1771''' - Citizen Court. This court was for the lower civil officials and employees. General index FHL film 0044689 probate records FHL films 0044690-0044770.
#'''Underadmiralitetsretten, 1670-1779''' - Lower Admiralty Court. For naval non-commissioned officers (rank below captain). Records on FHL films 0048030¬0048113.


The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS.  
Other probate court records for this time period that have not been filmed include the following:
*Regimentasauditørerne (Military Court, for enlisted men in the army)
*Søetatens General Auditør (Military Court, for naval non-commissioned officers)
*Universitets Skiftejurisdiktion (University Court, for students, many no longer exist)
*Den Gejstlige Skiftejurisdiktion (Ecclesiastical Court, for clergy and related personnel, most no longer exist)
*Vajsenhusets Skiftejurisdiktion (Orphan-house Court, for personnel of the orphan house, records no longer exist)
*Frederiks Hospitals Skiftejurisdiktion (Hospital Court, for personnel of the hospital, records no longer exist)
*Det Asiatiske og det Vestindisk-Guineiske Kompagnis (The Asiatic and West Indies-Guineas Company, for employees in Copenhagen and the colonies)
*Jødernes Skiftejurisdiktion (Jewish Probate Jurisdiction, many Jews listed in the Magistratens Skiftekommision listed above).


=== Guardianship Records [''Overformynderiprotokoller''] ===
==== Copenhagen: 1771-1861 ====


Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold. First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny.
Most probate records in Copenhagen for this time period were handled by a single probate commission. For the period 1771-1803 they are listed under the '''Stadsretten''' (City Court; FHL films 0045257-0046190) and from 1804-1862 under the '''Landsretten''' (Land Court; FHL films 0046191¬0048027). These records are divided in two ways: by record type (see above under indexes) and then by classification.<br>


The guardianship record usually has the following information:  
Within each record type there are nine groupings as to the classification of those for whom a probate was held (the catalog does not show which groups are on which film, so you may wish to consult the book, Register of Danish estate probates:Copenhagen county, 1701-1820; FHL book 948.911 P23c; film 0599138, item 3). <br> I. High civil officials and commissioned officers <br> II. Other civil officials, clerks, secretaries,book keepers, etc. <br> III.Clergy, professors, students, and workers at schools, hospitals, and the church<br> IV. Citizens of higher reputation and wealth <br> V. Artist, tradesmen, etc. <br> VI. Persons of no great means <br> VII. Servants <br> VIII. Enlisted men of the navy and merchant marines <br> IX. Enlisted men of the army. <br>


*Name of the ward or minor.
==== Copenhagen: 1861-1912  ====
*Sometimes age or birth date.
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
*Name of guardian and residence.
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record.


Research use: Very useful lineage-linking source. Relationship information is given so that blood lines of adoptees and orphans can be identified.  
The nine classifications from the earlier period were regrouped into six. Class III was grouped with Class II. Classes VII-IX were combined to a new Class III. These later records were listed under the title '''Den kongelige Lands-over- samt Hof og Stadsret i København''' (The royal provincial, as well as castle and city court in Copenhagen; FHL films 0520496¬0521527,0517662-0517794).<br>


Record type: Records of those who have care of underaged heirs after the death of parents.  
The '''Reparitionsprotokol''' [restitution records] from 1863¬1910 are filed separately (FHL film 0517795¬0517840), as are a set of records called '''Børn og hospitalslemmer''' (Children and hospital inmates; FHL film 0517868-0517897).<br>


Time period: 1570 to present.  
=== Wills and Indexes (''Testamentprotokoller med Indexer'')  ===
These records are legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice (''Justitsministeriet'') kept copies of all wills.  


Contents: Information about the ward and when and from whom (family member or other person) inheritance was received; information about the guardian and his relationship to the ward, and expenses charged to the estate. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state. Dates of birth or christening may be given.  
These are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills. Records are available from about 1500. There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.


Location: National and provincial archives.
Records may contain:
*Name and age of testator
*Residence
*Heirs
*Relationships
*Description of land and property
*Date of will
*Names of witnesses


Percentage in Family History Library: 90%.  
For more information about wills, see [[Wills in Denmark|this article]].


Population coverage: 10%.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Denmark,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1998.</ref>
=== Guardianship Records (''Overformynderiprotokoller'') ===
 
Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold: First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny. Records date from 1570. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state.
=== Probate Word List ===
 
Following is a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in probate records. For other Danish probate vocabulary lists, click [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Danish_Probate_Language here] or [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Denmark_Probate_word_list here].  


The guardianship record usually has the following information:
*Name of the ward or minor.
*Sometimes age or birth date and place
*Name of guardian and residence.
*Relationship, if any to the ward
*Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
*Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
*Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record
*Expenses charged to the estate
== Probate Word List ==
====A====
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 154: Line 212:
|-
|-
| Aldrig || never
| Aldrig || never
|-
| Alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
|-
| Alle || all  
| Alle || all  
Line 355: Line 415:
|-
|-
| Byfogeden || The city baliff
| Byfogeden || The city baliff
|-
| Byting || city court
|-
|-
| Børn || children
| Børn || children
Line 460: Line 522:
|-
|-
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
| Dødsanmeldelse || death announcement
|-
| Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller || Starting in 1792, all deceased had <br>to be reported to the local probate <br>authorities, whether they were to be probated <br>or not. The reports of the deceased became <br>a compiled record called the <br>Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller
|-
|-
| Dødsfald || death
| Dødsfald || death
|-
|-
| Døtre || daughter
| Døtre || daughters
|}
|}


Line 940: Line 1,004:
|-
|-
| Hederlige och wellærde || honorable and well-learned
| Hederlige och wellærde || honorable and well-learned
|-
| Hegle || tools for processing flax and hemp
|-
| Heigle || tools for processing flax and hemp
|-
|-
| Helbroder || whole brother
| Helbroder || whole brother
Line 972: Line 1,040:
|-
|-
| Hidtil || previously, up until now
| Hidtil || previously, up until now
|-
| Himmelseng || canopy bed
|-
|-
| Hjemme, Hiemme || at home
| Hjemme, Hiemme || at home
Line 1,100: Line 1,170:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
|-
| Jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
|-
|-
| Jeg || I
| Jeg || I
Line 1,109: Line 1,181:
| Jomfru || maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
| Jomfru || maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
|-
|-
| Jord€ || earth, land, property
| Jord(e) || earth, land, property
|-
|-
| Jordlig || earthly
| Jordlig || earthly
|-
|-
| Jordseddel || certificate from the probate authority <br>to the deceased's priest, verifying <br>that they had recorded the death. The priest <br>was then allowed to bury the dead.
| Jordseddel/Muldseddel || certificates or confirmations from the <br>Probate authorities to the deceased’s <br>priest, that they had received notification <br>and registered the death. The priest <br>was not allowed to bury the dead <br>until the probate authorities had received <br>such notification
|}
|}


Line 1,119: Line 1,191:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
|-
| Kakkelovn || small stove for light dishes
|-
|-
| Karl || young man, farmhand
| Karl || young man, farmhand
Line 1,187: Line 1,261:
| Landbruger || farmer
| Landbruger || farmer
|-
|-
| Laugværge || widow's guardian, chosen by her and usually her brother
| Laugværge || a widow’s guardian who would be <br>present with her during her deceased <br>husband’s probate. Widows had the <br>privilege to choose their <br>own Guardian, which normally was one of <br>her brothers
|-
|-
| Lærte hederlige || learned and honorable
| Lærte hederlige || learned and honorable
Line 1,236: Line 1,310:
! Danish !! English
! Danish !! English
|-
|-
| m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen") || with guided pen. Usually appears under the <br>signatures of those who could not write
| m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen") || this abbreviation usually appears under the <br>signatures of those witnessing the probate, who <br>either could not write or just needed help with writing
|-
|-
| m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”) || with guided pen (see m.f.P
| m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”) || abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or <br>“with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”
|-
|-
| M.V., (abbrev. of med videre) || continued, forward
| M.V., (abbrev. of med videre) || continued, forward
Line 1,265: Line 1,339:
|-
|-
| Mandkjøn || male
| Mandkjøn || male
|-
| Mark || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling
|-
|-
| Med || with, by, of, the
| Med || with, by, of, the
Line 1,280: Line 1,356:
| Middel || medium, average, part
| Middel || medium, average, part
|-
|-
| Mindreårige || minors
| Mindreårige || minors, under age
|-
|-
| Moder, Mor || mother
| Moder, Mor || mother
Line 1,336: Line 1,412:
|-
|-
| Nati, Natiuitas (Latin) || birth
| Nati, Natiuitas (Latin) || birth
|-
| Navnlig || namely
|-
|-
| Navnet || name, the name
| Navnet || name, the name
|-
| Navneklud || embroidery
|-
| Navnlig || namely
|-
|-
| Nemlig || namely
| Nemlig || namely
Line 1,578: Line 1,656:
|-
|-
| Ridefoged || bailiff
| Ridefoged || bailiff
|-
| Rigsdaller/Rd(l) || former Danish monetary unit. Worth <br>more than a mark or a skilling
|-
|-
| Rigtighed || accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
| Rigtighed || accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
Line 1,677: Line 1,757:
|-
|-
| Skifte || probate
| Skifte || probate
|-
| Skiftebrevet || probate letter
|-
|-
| Skifte forretning || probate proceeding
| Skifte forretning || probate proceeding
Line 1,704: Line 1,786:
| Skjønt || though
| Skjønt || though
|-
|-
| Skilling || monetary unit
| Skilling || monetary unit; former Danish monetary unit. <br>Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling
|-
|-
| Skrivelse || letter
| Skrivelse || letter
Line 1,734: Line 1,816:
| Sognebarn || parishioner
| Sognebarn || parishioner
|-
|-
| Sognefoged || sheriff, constable
| Sognefoged || parish bailiff
|-
|-
| Solgt || sold
| Solgt || sold
Line 2,081: Line 2,163:
| Været || been
| Været || been
|-
|-
| Værge || guardian, typically the father’s eldest <br>brother (if the father had died), <br>or the father himself (if the mother had<br> died). By law, the guardian must <br>be from the father’s side unless <br>there were no living male relatives of the father
| Værge || guardian. All minors (umyndige) were appointed <br>a guardian, after a parents death, to <br>represent them throughout the probate process. <br>The Guardian appointed was typically the father’s <br>eldest brother (if the father had died), or the <br>father himself (if the mother had died). By law, <br>the guardian must be from the father’s side <br>unless there were no living male relatives <br>of the father, in which case the guardian <br>would be from the mother’s male relatives
|}
|}


Line 2,130: Line 2,212:
|}
|}


=== Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates<br>  ===
== Household and Farm Items ==
''Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates''
====A====
{| class="wikitable"
! A !!
|-
| aag, åg || shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
|-
| alenstok || yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters)
|-
| alkove || alcove, bed closed with doors or curtains, shared by 2-3 people
|-
| arbejdsvogn || wagon
|}


A<br>aag, åg- shoulder yoke for carrying buckets<br>arbejdsvogn- wagon
====B====
 
{| class="wikitable"
B<br>bagetrug- bakers trough for kneading dough<br>baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd- wooden tub with iron bands<br>band- bands<br>baandknif, båndkniv- small chopping knife<br>becken, bækken- pan containing hot coals to heat the bed<br>beester- beasts<br>bench- bench<br>beholder- container<br>benklæder, beenklæder- trousers<br>beslag- brackets, hardware<br>beslagen vogn- wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood<br>besætningen- herd<br>bilægerkakkelovn- stove<br>bismer- small portable scale<br>blaa, blå- blue<br>blaargarns, blårgarns- wool or linen cloth<br>blaastribed- blue striped<br>blick, blech lygte- small portable tin lamp<br>boghylde- bookshelf<br>bor- auger<br>bord- table<br>bornholmer- grandfather clock<br>bryggerkedel- brewing kettle<br>bryggkar, bryggekar- brewing vat<br>brystdug- vest<br>brændevin- alcohol<br>bukser, buxer- trousers<br>bulle, bol- a short top for women<br>bul øxe, buløkse- forest ax<br>bænk- bench<br>bæster- beasts<br>båbdknif- small chopping knife
! B !!
 
|-
C<br>carter- cards for carding wool
| bagetrug ||  bakers trough for kneading dough
 
|-
D<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest of drawers<br>drejels, dreeils- hinge, pivot<br>driftetrug, drøftetrug- low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet<br>dørslag- colander<br>dørslag- colander
| baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd ||  wooden tub with iron bands
 
|-
E<br>ege, eege- oak<br>egebord- oak table<br>egedragkiste- oak chest<br>egekar oak vat<br>egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock<br>degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading<br>dragkiste- chest<br>drægtig- pregnant (livestock)<br>drejels, dreeils- finer type fabric<br>drifte trug, drøfte trug- grain cleaning trough<br>dug- cloth, tablecloth<br>dyne- quilt, duvet
| band || bands
 
|-
F<br>faar- sheep<br>filtes- felted, made of felt<br>fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg<br>fleske olle- meat brining vat<br>forklæde- apron<br>fyrre- pine<br>fyrrebord- pine desk<br>føl, følle- foal<br>får- sheep<br>får med grøde- pregnant sheep
| baandknif, båndkniv || small chopping knife
 
|-
G<br>garvinde- yarn reel<br>gestlinge- goslings<br>giæs- geese<br>giæs med grøde- geese with goslings<br>glas- glass<br>graa, grå- gray<br>gravspade, grevespade- grave spade<br>greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle<br>grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets<br>gryde- pot<br>gul- yellow<br>grøn- green<br>grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)<br>gæs, giæs- geese<br>gæslinger, geslinge- goslings
| becken, bækken || pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
 
|-
H<br>haand qvern, håndkværn- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing<br>haandøxe, håndøkse- hand ax<br>haankattunsklæder, håndklæder-towels<br>hakkebret, hakkebræt- chopping board<br>halskobbel, halskoppel- horse harness<br>halstørklæde- scarf or muffler<br>hampe- hemp<br>hand qvern- hand mill<br>haspe- type of yarn winder<br>hat- hat<br>hauger, haver- removable wagon sides<br>hempharve, harver- harrow or cultivator<br>hengeskab- hanging cupboard<br>hest, hæst - horse<br>hestføl- very young foal<br>hestplag- colt<br>himmelseng- poster bed<br>hingst- stallion<br>hingsteføl- very young foal<br>hjørneskab- corner cabinet<br>hoppe- mare<br>hose- hose, knitted long stockings<br>hoveddyne- pillow<br>hovedpude, hoved pude- pillow<br>hue- cap<br>huge block, huggeblok- chopping block<br>hvergarns- linsey-woolsey<br>hvid- white<br>hæst, hest- horse<br>høelee, høle- scythe<br>hør- linen<br>hørlærritz, hørlærred- made of linen<br>håndklæder-towels<br>håndkværn, haand qvern- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
| beester || beasts
 
|-
I<br>ildtag- fire poker
| bench || bench
 
|-
J<br>jakke- jacket<br>jern- iron, stove<br>jernbilæggerkakkelovn- stove<br>jernbaand, jernbånd- iron bands<br>jernbismer- small portable scale made of iron<br>jerngryde- iron pot<br>jernpande- iron pan<br>jern vægge- iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
| beholder || container
 
|-
K<br>kaabe- cloak<br>kaaber- copper<br>kaarsklæder- light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat<br>kakkelovn- stove<br>kalfve, kalve- calf<br>kande- jug<br>kappe- cloak<br>kar- vessel, vat<br>karter- wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn<br>karstol- three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs<br>kasket- cap<br>kartuns, kattuns- made of cotton<br>keddle, kiedel- kettle<br>kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kierne- churn<br>kiol- mens formal jacket<br>kiør- cows<br>kjedelskrog- kettle hook<br>kjole- men's formal jacket<br>kjole og hvidt- women's formal dress<br>kiste- chest<br>klæde kiste- dress chest<br>klæde skab- wardrobe, upright clothes chest<br>knapper- buttons<br>kniplinger- lace<br>kniv- knife<br>koe, ko- cow<br>komfur- stove<br>konvolut- cap<br>kopper- copper<br>kornharpe- type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain<br>krave- collar<br>krukke- crock<br>kuvert- hat<br>krave- cows<br>krus- pottery mug<br>kvern- mill<br>kvie, qvie- heifer<br>kviekalve- heifer calf<br>kvæg, qveeg- cattle<br>kærne- churn<br>køer- cows<br>kørekappe- driving jacket, cloak, or cap<br>kåbe- cloak
| benklæder, beenklæder || trousers
|-
| beslag || brackets, hardware
|-
| beslagen vogn || wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
|-
| besætningen || herd
|-
| bikube || beehive
|-
| bilægerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| bimpel || small barrel, used for transporting beer to/from the fields
|-
| bismer || small portable scale
|-
| blaa, blå || blue
|-
| blaargarns, blårgarns || wool or linen cloth
|-
| blaastribed || blue striped
|-
| blick, blech lygte || small portable tin lamp
|-
| boghylde || bookshelf
|-
| bor || auger
|-
| bord || table
|-
| bornholmer || grandfather clock
|-
| bryggerkedel || brewing kettle
|-
| bryggkar, bryggekar || brewing vat
|-
| brystdug || vest
|-
| brændevin || alcohol
|-
| bukser, buxer ||  trousers
|-
| bulle, bol || a short top for women
|-
| bul øxe, buløkse || forest ax
|-
| bænk || bench
|-
| bæster || beasts
|-
| båbdknif || small chopping knife
|}


L
====C====
{| class="wikitable"
! C !!
|-
| carter || cards for carding wool
|}


lagen- sheet<br>lam, lamb- lamb<br>lehnestoel, lænestol- armchairs<br>ler- clay<br>leerfad, lerfad- pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.<br>lin, liin- linen<br>lyddæmper- muffler<br>lysesaks, lyse sax- candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge<br>læder- leather<br>lædersele- leather harness for a horse<br>lænestol, lehnestoel- armchairs<br>løgte- lamp
====D====
{| class="wikitable"
! D !!
|-
| degntrug || wooden trough for bread kneading
|-
| dejtrug || dough trough, used for kneading and raising bread overnight
|-
| dragkiste || chest of drawers
|-
| drejels, dreeils || hinge, pivot
|-
| driftetrug, drøftetrug || low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
|-
| drægtig|| pregnant (livestock)
|-
| drøftetrug || sifting trough, used to clean chaff from the grain
|-
| dug || cloth, tablecloth
|-
| dyne || quilt, duvet
|-
| dørslag || colander
|-
| dørslag || colander
|}


M<br>madskab- wooden upright food pantry<br>mangle fiel og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>manglebrædt og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller<br>malkekande, mælkekande- milk jug<br>malet- painted<br>messing- brass<br>messingbækken- brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed<br>meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered- iron tool for harvesting corn<br>morter- mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)<br>møbler- furniture<br>mønstrede- patterned
====E====
{| class="wikitable"
! E !!
|-
| ege, eege || oak
|-
| egebord || oak table
|-
| egedragkiste- oak chest || oak chest
|-
| egekar oak vat || oak vat
|-
| egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock || keepsake box, sometimes with a lock
|-
|}


N<br>nattrøye- night shirt<br>naur- auger<br>nederdel- skirt
====F====
 
{| class="wikitable"
O<br>okse- ox<br>olmerdug, ulmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>olle- oil<br>otting- container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg<br>overdyne- duvet cover<br>ovn- stove
! F !!
 
|-
P<br>pande- pan<br>papir- paper<br>penge- cash<br>peber qvern, peverkværn- pepper mill<br>plag- colt<br>plove- plow<br>plove med behor- plow with accessories<br>porcellæn- porcelain<br>prykket- dotted<br>pude, puude- pillow<br>pudevår- pillowcases<br>pynteærmer- interchangable dress sleeves<br>pyntetørklæde- decorative scarf<br>pyramide- pyramid-shaped shelf
| faar- sheep || sheep
 
|-
Q<br>qveeg, kvæg- cattle<br>qvern- mill<br>qvie, kvie- heifer<br>qvie kalfe- heifer calf
| filtes- felted, made of felt || felted, made of felt
 
|-
R<br>rede penge- ready cash<br>redskaber- tools<br>rist- 3-legged grill rack<br>riveiern, rivegern- grater<br>rok- spinning wheel<br>rød- red
| fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg || a tub that can hold 25 kg
 
|-
S<br>saks, sax- scissors<br>saltkar- small salt container<br>selde- flat straw basket for sifting flour<br>seletøj- harness for a horse<br>seng- bed<br>sengested- bedstead<br>serker, særke- petticoat<br>siebøtte- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sigte- sieve<br>sikar- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk<br>sjal- shawl<br>skab- cabinet<br>ske, skeer- spoon, spoons<br>skieppe, skæppe- 20-liter container<br>skind- skins, pelts, or leather<br>skindbuxor- buckskin pants<br>skiorte, skjorte- shirt<br>skiær, skære bænk- cutting bench, workbench<br>skiære kiiste, skærekiste- "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed<br>skielderier, skilderier- painting or photgraph<br>sko, skoe- shoes<br>skære (skiær) bænk og kniv- cutting table and knife<br>skørt, skiordt- skirt<br>slagbenk, slagbænk- daybed, bench<br>sliibe steen, slibesten- grindstones<br>slæde- sled<br>småsvin- piglets<br>sold- sieve or screen<br>spade- spade or shovel<br>spand- bucket<br>spejl- mirror<br>spinderok- spinning wheel<br>spisebord- dining table<br>spender, spænder- buckles<br>spæde kalve- infant calf<br>stager- candlesticks, usually with a stand<br>standtønder- food storage barrels<br>stander seng- floor bed<br>steen kruuse med laag- tea mug with lid<br>stegepande- frying pan<br>stettins tallerken- tin-enameled plate<br>stie, stige- laddar<br>stol, stoele, stole- chair, chairs<br>stort- large, high<br>stribet- striped<br>strippe- wooden scoop<br>strygejern- an iron<br>strømber, strømper- stockings<br>stud kalv, studekalv- steer calf<br>studlinge- steer calf<br>stueur, stueuhr- clock<br>støvler- boots<br>sviin, svin- pigs<br>sæde- seat
| fleske olle- meat brining vat || meat brining vat
|-
| fluefanger || fly catcher
|-
| forklæde- apron || apron
|-
| fuglebur || birdcage
|-
| fyrre- pine || pine
|-
| fyrrebord- pine desk || pine desk
|-
| føl, følle- foal || foal
|-
| får- sheep || sheep
|-
| får med grøde- pregnant sheep || pregnant sheep
|}


T<br>tabel- table<br>taburet, taberet- stool<br>taft- taffeta<br>tallerkne, tallerken- plate<br>tavle- table<br>tel økse, tælleøkse- small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward<br>tengsel- small ax for hollowing out wood<br>ternet- checkered<br>thepotte- teapot<br>tilbehør- attachments, accessories<br>tin- tin or pewter<br>tinkrus, tinkruus- tin cup<br>tintalerkener- tin or pewter plate<br>tragt- funnel<br>trefoder- tripod for placing cookware over a fire<br>tromle- barrel or drum<br>trug- trough<br>træ- wooden<br>træbismer- small portable wooden scale<br>trækar- wooden container<br>træskoe, træsko- wooden shoes<br>træhaver, træe haver- wooden extensions for wagon sides<br>trøje- sweater<br>tækkelad- a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching<br>tøj- clothes<br>tønde- barrel<br>tørklæde- head scarf<br>tørvespade- peat spade
====G====
{| class="wikitable"
! G !!
|-
| garvinde- yarn reel || yarn reel
|-
| gestlinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| giæs- geese || geese
|-
| giæs med grøde- geese with goslings || geese with goslings
|-
| glas- glass || glass
|-
| graa, grå- gray || gray
|-
| gravspade, grevespade- grave spade || grave spade
|-
| greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle || grip, level, handle
|-
| grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets || piglets
|-
| gryde- pot || pot
|-
| gul- yellow || yellow
|-
| grøn- green || green
|-
| grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock) || pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
|-
| gæs, giæs- geese || geese
|-
| gæslinger, geslinge- goslings || goslings
|-
| gåse-hilde || goose tether
|}


U<br>ulmerdug, olmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany<br>underkjole- petticoat<br>underdyne- type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side <br>ungsvin- young pig
====H====
 
{| class="wikitable"
V<br>vaar, vår- pillowcases<br>vadmel- homespun<br>vandspand- water bucket<br>vanter- mittens<br>vest- vest<br>vin- wine<br>vindovn- stove with combustion door facing the living room<br>vogn- wagon<br>vraaskab- corner cabinet<br>vugge- crib<br>væder, vædder- ram<br>vægge- wedge
! H !!
 
|-
Æ<br>ærmer- loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
| haand qvern, håndkværn || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
 
|-
Ø<br>øl, ølle- ale, beer<br>ølflaske- beer bottle<br>øl kande, ølkande- beer jug or pitcher<br>øltragt, ølle tragt- funnel for pouring beer into bottles<br>øreballie, ørebalje- wooden tub with ear-shaped handles<br>øxe, økse- ax<br>
| haandøxe, håndøkse || hand ax
 
|-
=== Websites ===
| haankattunsklæder, håndklæder || towels
 
|-
*'''1674 - 1851''' - {{RecordSearch|2026233|Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images
| hakkebret, hakkebræt || chopping board
*[http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mtoll/denmark.htm Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark]
|-
*[http://www.faesterogskifter.dk/ Faester og Skifter - Fights and Shifts]
| hakkekniv || chopping knife
*[http://aurelia-clemons.dk Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research] - Probate extractions for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, NOT just those related to me, a given surname or area. Also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjaelland.
|-
* [http://www.brejl.dk/skift.html Probate extractions ('skifteuddrag')] for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country. In Danish only.
| halskobbel, halskoppel || horse harness
* [https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Gods_Stedregister.pdf Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver] A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish only.
|-
* [http://www.krabsen.dk/godsskifte/container.php?funktion=gods_oversigt  Probate extractions] from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish only.
| halstørklæde || scarf or muffler
* [http://rigmornoergaard.tripod.com/ Probate extractions] from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish only.
|-
* [http://navneregistre.dis-danmark.dk/faeste_skifte/skf_vis_form.php Search engine for probates in Denmark.] In Danish only.
| hampe || hemp
* [http://www.dodsattester.dk/ Death certificates in Denmark until 1940]
|-
* [http://ao.salldata.dk/ Probate records]
| hand qvern || hand mill
* [https://arkivalielister.dis-danmark.dk/ao_alt_vis_navne.php?stil=2&navn=skifte&sort=s Denmark Probate Records]  In Danish only.
|-
| haspe || type of yarn winder
|-
| hat || hat
|-
| hauger, haver || removable wagon sides
|-
| hempharve, harver || harrow or cultivator
|-
| hengeskab || hanging cupboard
|-
| hest, hæst || horse
|-
| hestføl || very young foal
|-
| hestplag || colt
|-
| himmelseng || poster bed/canopy bed
|-
| hingst || stallion
|-
| hingsteføl || very young foal
|-
| hjørneskab || corner cabinet
|-
| hoppe || mare
|-
| hose || hose, knitted long stockings
|-
| hoveddyne || pillow
|-
| hovedpude, hoved pude || pillow
|-
| hue || cap
|-
| huge block, huggeblok || chopping block
|-
| huggehus || workshop
|-
| hvergarns || linsey-woolsey
|-
| hvid || white
|-
| hæst, hest || horse
|-
| høelee, høle || scythe
|-
| hør || linen
|-
| hørlærritz, hørlærred || made of linen
|-
| håndklæder || towels
|-
| håndkværn, haand qvern || hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
|}


== References  ==
====I====
 
{| class="wikitable"
{{reflist}}  
! I !!
|-
| ildtag || fire poker
|}


====J====
{| class="wikitable"
! J !!
|-
| jagtbøsser || hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840
|-
| jakke || jacket
|-
| jern || iron, stove
|-
| jernbilæggerkakkelovn || stove
|-
| jernbaand, jernbånd || iron bands
|-
| jernbismer || small portable scale made of iron
|-
| jerngryde || iron pot
|-
| jernpande || iron pan
|-
| jern vægge || iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
|}


====K====
{| class="wikitable"
! K !!
|-
| kaabe || cloak
|-
| kaaber || copper
|-
| kaarsklæder || light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
|-
| kakkelovn || stove
|-
| kalfve, kalve || calf
|-
| kande || jug
|-
| kappe || cloak
|-
| kar || vessel, vat
|-
| karter || wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
|-
| karstol || three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
|-
| kasket || cap
|-
| kartuns, kattuns || made of cotton
|-
| keddle, kiedel || kettle
|-
| kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kierne || churn
|-
| kiol || mens formal jacket
|-
| kiør || cows
|-
| kjedelskrog || kettle hook
|-
| kjole || men's formal jacket
|-
| kjole og hvidt || women's formal dress
|-
| kiste || chest
|-
| klinket fad || mended dish, sometimes mended with staples inserted in small drilled holes
|-
| klæde kiste || dress chest
|-
| klæde skab || wardrobe, upright clothes chest
|-
| knapper || buttons
|-
| kniplinger || lace
|-
| kniv || knife
|-
| koe, ko || cow
|-
| komfur || stove
|-
| konvolut || cap
|-
| kopper || copper
|-
| kornharpe || type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
|-
| krave || collar
|-
| krukke || crock
|-
| kuvert || hat
|-
| krage til flæsk || bacon rack, for smoking meat in the chimney
|-
| krave || cows
|-
| krus || pottery mug
|-
| kvern || mill
|-
| kvie, qvie || heifer
|-
| kviekalve- heifer calf || heifer calf
|-
| kvæg, qveeg || cattle
|-
| kærne || churn
|-
| køer || cows
|-
| kørekappe || driving jacket, cloak, or cap
|-
| kåbe || cloak
|}
====L====
{| class="wikitable"
! L !!
|-
| lagen || sheet
|-
| lam, lamb || lamb
|-
| langbænk || bench, used at a dining table
|-
| lehnestoel, lænestol || armchairs
|-
| ler || clay
|-
| leerfad, lerfad || pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
|-
| lin, liin || linen
|-
| lyddæmper || muffler
|-
| lysesaks, lyse sax || candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
|-
| lysestøbekar || candle maker
|-
| læder || leather
|-
| lædersele || leather harness for a horse
|-
| lænestol, lehnestoel || armchairs
|-
| løgte || lamp
|}


[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
====M====
{| class="wikitable"
! M !!
|-
| madskab || wooden upright food pantry
|-
| mangle fiel og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| manglebrædt og stok || clothes press that used a wooden roller
|-
| malkekande, mælkekande || milk jug
|-
| malet || painted
|-
| messing || brass
|-
| messingbækken || brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
|-
| meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered || iron tool for harvesting corn
|-
| morter || mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
|-
| møbler || furniture
|-
| mønstrede || patterned
|}
 
====N====
{| class="wikitable"
! N !!
|-
| nattrøye || night shirt
|-
| naur || auger
|-
| navneklud || embroidery
|-
| nederdel || skirt
|}
 
====O====
{| class="wikitable"
! O !!
|-
| okse || ox
|-
| olmerdug, ulmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| olle || oil
|-
| omdannet ostekar || re-used cheese vat
|-
| otting || container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
|-
| overdyne || duvet cover
|-
| ovn || stove
|}
 
====P====
{| class="wikitable"
! P !!
|-
| pande || pan
|-
| papir || paper
|-
| penge || cash
|-
| peber qvern, peverkværn || pepper mill
|-
| plag || colt
|-
| plove || plow
|-
| plove med behor || plow with accessories
|-
| porcellæn || porcelain
|-
| prykket || dotted
|-
| pude, puude || pillow
|-
| pudevår || pillowcases
|-
| pynteærmer || interchangable dress sleeves
|-
| pyntetørklæde || decorative scarf
|-
| pyramide, pyramidehylde || pyramid-shaped shelf, used for displaying a household's finest items until abt 1920s-1930s
|}
 
====Q====
{| class="wikitable"
! Q !!
|-
| qveeg, kvæg || cattle
|-
| qvern || mill
|-
| qvie, kvie || heifer
|-
| qvie kalfe || heifer calf
|}
 
====R====
{| class="wikitable"
! R !!
|-
| rede penge || ready cash
|-
| redskaber || tools
|-
| rist || 3-legged grill rack
|-
| riveiern, rivegern || grater
|-
| roekniv || beet knife
|-
| rok || spinning wheel
|-
| rød || red
|}
 
====S====
{| class="wikitable"
! S !!
|-
| saks, sax || scissors
|-
| saltkar || small salt container
|-
| selde || flat straw basket for sifting flour
|-
| seletøj || harness for a horse
|-
| seng || bed
|-
| sengested || bedstead
|-
| serker, særke || petticoat
|-
| siebøtte || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sigte || sieve
|-
| sikar || wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
|-
| sjal || shawl
|-
| skab || cabinet
|-
| ske, skeer || spoon, spoons
|-
| skieppe, skæppe || 20-liter container
|-
| skind || skins, pelts, or leather
|-
| skindbuxor || buckskin pants
|-
| skiorte, skjorte || shirt
|-
| skiær, skære bænk || cutting bench, workbench
|-
| skiære kiiste, skærekiste || "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
|-
| skielderier, skilderier || painting or photgraph
|-
| sko, skoe || shoes
|-
| skæppemål || bushel measure; abt 1/8 of a grain barrel, or about 17 liters
|-
| skære (skiær) bænk og kniv || cutting table and knife
|-
| skørt, skiordt || skirt
|-
| slagbenk, slagbænk || daybed, bench
|-
| sliibe steen, slibesten || grindstones
|-
| slæde || sled
|-
| småsvin || piglets
|-
| snittebænk | cutting bench, work bench
|-
| sold || sieve or screen
|-
| spade || spade or shovel
|-
| spand || bucket
|-
| spejl || mirror
|-
| spinderok || spinning wheel
|-
| spisebord || dining table
|-
| spiserkammer || pantry
|-
| spender, spænder || buckles
|-
| spæde kalve || infant calf
|-
| stager || candlesticks, usually with a stand
|-
| stampekærne || butter/cream churn
|-
| standtønder || food storage barrels
|-
| stander seng || floor bed
|-
| steen kruuse med laag || tea mug with lid
|-
| stegepande || frying pan
|-
| stenform || brick mold
|-
| stettins tallerken || tin-enameled plate
|-
| stie, stige || laddar
|-
| stol, stoele, stole || chair, chairs
|-
| stort || large, high
|-
| stribet || striped
|-
| strippe || wooden scoop
|-
| strygejern || an iron, typically used on smaller items; early irons were made of brass, 18th/19th century irons were made of cast iron
|-
| strømber, strømper || stockings
|-
| stud kalv, studekalv || steer calf
|-
| studlinge || steer calf
|-
| stueur, stueuhr || clock
|-
| støvler || boots
|-
| sukkertang || sugar cutter
|-
| sulekammer || larder
|-
| sviin, svin || pigs
|-
| sæde || seat
|}
 
====T====
{| class="wikitable"
! T !!
|-
| tabel || table
|-
| taburet, taberet || stool
|-
| taft || taffeta
|-
| tallerkne, tallerken || plate
|-
| tavle || table
|-
| tel økse, tælleøkse || small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
|-
| tengsel || small ax for hollowing out wood
|-
| ternet || checkered
|-
| thepotte || teapot
|-
| tilbehør || attachments, accessories
|-
| tin || tin or pewter
|-
| tinkrus, tinkruus || tin cup
|-
| tintalerkener || tin or pewter plate
|-
| tragt || funnel
|-
| trefoder || tripod for placing cookware over a fire
|-
| tromle || barrel or drum
|-
| tronestole || throne (chair)
|-
| trug || trough
|-
| træ || wooden
|-
| træbismer || small portable wooden scale
|-
| trækar || wooden container
|-
| træskoe, træsko || wooden shoes
|-
| træhaver, træe haver || wooden extensions for wagon sides
|-
| trøje || sweater
|-
| tækkelad || a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
|-
| tøj || clothes
|-
| tønde || barrel
|-
| tørklæde || head scarf
|-
| tørvespade || peat spade
|}
 
====U====
{| class="wikitable"
! U !!
|-
| ulmerdug, olmerdug || striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
|-
| underkjole || petticoat
|-
| underdyne || type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
|-
| ungsvin || young pig
|}
 
====V/W====
{| class="wikitable"
! V !!
|-
| vaar, vår || pillowcases
|-
| vadmel || homespun
|-
| valkebræt || fulling board; used to full newly-knitted cloth, making it stronger
|-
| vandspand || water bucket
|-
| vanter || mittens
|-
| vaskebræt || washboard
|-
| vest || vest
|-
| vin || wine
|-
| vindovn || stove with combustion door facing the living room
|-
| vogn || wagon
|-
| vraaskab || corner cabinet
|-
| vugge || crib
|-
| væder, vædder || ram
|-
| vægge || wedge
|-
| vægskab || wall cabinet; lock placed near the end where the man would sit at the table, contained important items such as tobacco, money, papers, etc.
|}
 
====Æ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Æ !!
|-
| ærmer ||  loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
|}
 
====Ø====
{| class="wikitable"
! Ø !!
|-
| øl, ølle || ale, beer
|-
| ølanker || beer barrel
|-
| øldunk || beer jug
|-
| ølflaske || beer bottle
|-
| øl kande, ølkande || beer jug or pitcher
|-
| øltragt, ølle tragt || funnel for pouring beer into bottles
|-
| øreballie, ørebalje || wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
|-
| øxe, økse || ax
|}
[[Category:Denmark Probate Records]][[Category:Denmark Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Denmark]][[Category:Probate Records]]
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