FamilySearch Wiki

German Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

Page Talk

German Genealogical Word List (view source)

Revision as of 13:59, 20 March 2025

19,649 bytes added ,  20 March
→‎K
VisualWikitext
(removed strange link)
 
(255 intermediate revisions by 34 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
{{GermanWL-sidebar}}
{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Genealogical Word Lists|Genealogical Word Lists]]
| link2=
| link3=
| link4=
| link5=[[German Genealogical Word List|German Genealogical Word List]]
}}
{| style="float:left; margin-right: 15px; width:240px;"
|-
| __TOC__
|}
==Introduction==


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


=== Language Characteristics  ===
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
==Language Characteristics==


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
 
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum. 


=== Diacritic Marks  ===
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).
==Diacritic Marks==


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the Family History Library catalog.  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.


{| border="1" width="100%"
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
|-
|-
| Ä  
|Ä
| Alt + 0196
|Alt + 142
| ä  
|ä
| Alt + 0228
|Alt + 132
|-
|-
| Ö  
|Ö
| Alt + 0214
|Alt + 153
| ö  
|ö
| Alt + 0246
|Alt + 148
|-
|-
| Ü  
|Ü
| Alt + 0220
|Alt + 154
| ü  
|ü
| Alt + 0252
|Alt + 129
|-
|-
| ß  
|ß
| Alt + 0223
|Alt + 225
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
| Ÿ  
|Ÿ
| Alt + 0159
|Alt + 376
| ÿ  
|ÿ
| Alt + 0225
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


=== Alphabetical Order ===
==Alphabetical Order==


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


=== Spelling ===
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b  
*p used for b
*a used for e  
*a used for e
*t used for d or dt  
*t used for d or dt
*s used for z  
*s used for z
*ck used for k  
*ck used for k
*y used for i or j  
*y used for i or j
*v used for w or f  
*v used for w or f
*k used for g  
*k used for g
*tz used for z  
*tz used for z
*ig used for isch or ich  
*ig used for isch or ich
*t used for th  
*t used for th
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag  
*Freytag for Freitag
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und


=== Additional Resources  ===
== Transcription ==


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages.  The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s
 
==Additional Resources==
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
Line 104: Line 141:
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).
 
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
 
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]
 
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


=== Key Words ===
==Key Words==


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
Line 112: Line 155:
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.  


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''English'''
|birth
| '''German'''
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
| birth
|burial
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
| burial
|Catholic
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|katholisch
|-
|-
| Catholic
|census
| katholisch
|Volkszählung
|-
|-
| child  
|child
| Kind, Kinder
|Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
| christening  
|christening
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
| confirmations  
|confirmations
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
| civil registry  
|civil registry
| Standesamt
|Standesamt
|-
|-
| death  
|death
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
| father  
|father
| Vater
|Vater
|-
|-
| husband  
|husband
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
| index  
|index
| Verzeichnis, Register
|Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
| Jewish  
|Jewish
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
| marriage banns  
|marriage banns
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
| marriage  
|marriage
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
| month  
|month
| Monat
|Monat
|-
|-
| mother  
|mother
| Mutter
|Mutter
|-
|-
| name, given  
|name, given
| Vorname, Name
|Vorname, Name
|-
|-
| name, surname  
|name, surname
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
| parents  
|parents
| Eltern
|Eltern
|-
|-
| parish  
|parish
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
| Protestant  
|Protestant
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
| Reformed  
|Reformed
| reformiert
|reformiert
|-
|-
| wife  
|wife
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|-
| year  
|year
| Jahr
|Jahr
|}
|}


=== General Word List  ===
==Dates/Time==
 
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:
 
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.  
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.


==== A  ====
===Months===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{|
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|January
| government office, official district
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|February
| surface mine(s)
|Februar, Hornung
|-
|-
| Abt. = Abteilung
|March
| department
|März, Frühlingsmonat
|-
|-
| a/d = an der, auf der
|April
| on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
|-
|-
| A.G. = Amtsgericht
|May
| lower court, county court
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
|-
|-
| Anh. = Anhalt
|June
| duchy
|Juni, Brachmonat
|-
|-
| ab
|July
| from, since
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|-
|-
| Abbauer
|August
| tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
|-
|-
| Abdecker
|September
| skinner
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
|-
|-
| Abend
|October
| evening
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
|-
|-
| Abendmahlgast
|November
| communicant
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
|-
|-
| abends
|December
| in the evening
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
|}
 
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
 
===Days of the Week===
 
{|
|-
|-
| Abenteurer
|'''English'''
| jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|  
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| aber
|Sunday
| but
|  
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| abgestorben
|Monday
| deceased
|  
|Montag
|-
|-
| Ablader
|Tuesday
| longshoreman
|  
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| Abnahmemann
|Wednesday
| retired farmer on life estate
|  
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| Abnehmer
|Thursday
| photographer
|  
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| Abschiedsmann
|Friday
| man retired on life estate
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| absterben
|Saturday
| to die, to die off
|  
|-
|Samstag, Sonnabend
| Abstreifer
|}
| renderer; flayer
 
|-
See also:
| acht
 
| eight
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
 
<br>
 
===Times of the Day===
 
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
 
{|
|'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| achte
|ein Uhr
| eighth
|one (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Achter
|zwei Uhr
| juryman
|two (o’clock)
|-
|-
| achtundzwanzigste
|drei Uhr
| twenty-eighth
|three (o’clock)
|-
|-
| achtzehn
|halb eins
| eighteen
|half one = 12:30
|-
|-
| achtzehnhundert
|halb zwei
| eighteen hundred
|half two = 1:30
|-
|-
| achtzehnte
|halbe Stunde
| eighteenth
|half hour
|-
|-
| achtzig
|Stunde
| eighty
|hour
|-
|-
| achtzigste
|früh
| eightieth
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| Ackermann
|spät
| farmer
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| Adel
|morgens
| gentry, nobleman
|in the morning
|-
|-
| a.D. = außer Dienst
|vormittags
| formerly employed, retired
|in the forenoon
|-
|-
| adoptiert
|mittags
| adopted
|at noon
|-
|-
| Ahnen
|nachmittags
| ancestors
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| Ahnentafel
|abends
| pedigree chart
|in the evening
|-
|-
| Akten
|mitternachts
| documents
|at midnight
|-
|-
| alle
|Diesen tag
| all
|this (very) day, today
|-
|-
| allhier
|}
| in this place
 
===Symbols===
 
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].
 
<br>
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| alt
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| old
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
| Altbürger
|1
| full citizen
|one
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
| Alter
|2
| age
|two
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
| Altersschwäche
|3
| weakness of old age
|three
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
| ältest
|4
| eldest
|four
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
| alt-katholisch
|5
| old Catholic
|five
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
| Amman
|6
| bailiff, magistrate
|six
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
| Amt
|7
| office, district
|seven
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
| Anbauer
|8
| peasant
|eight
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
| andere
|9
| other, next
|nine
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
| Angeber
|10
| informant
|ten
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
| angeblich
|11
| alleged, assumed
|eleven
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| Anhalt
|12
| duchy
|twelve
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
| Anmerkungen
|13
| remarks
|thirteen
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
| Anspänner
|14
| farmer
|fourteen
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
| apostolisch
|15
| Apostolic
|fifteen
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
| April
|16
| April
|sixteen
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
| Arbeiter
|17
| laborer, worker
|seventeen
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
| Archiv
|18
| archive
|eighteen
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
| arm
|19
| poor
|nineteen
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
| Armut
|20
| poverty
|twenty
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
| Arzt
|21
| physician
|twenty-one
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| auch
|22
| also, too
|twenty-two
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| auf
|23
| on, upon, at
|twenty-three
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| aufbieten
|24
| post banns
|twenty-four
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|25
| residence permit
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltsort
|26
| residence
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufgebot
|27
| publication of banns
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmebuch
|28
| book listing debts
|twenty-eight
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmeland
|29
| country to which one immigrated
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| August
|30
| August
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
| aus
|31
| from, out of
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| außen
|40
| outside
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
| äußere
|50
| outside, outward, external
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
| außerehelich
|60
| illegitimate
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
| Auswanderer
|70
| emigrant
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
| Auswanderung
|80
| emigration
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
| Ausweis
|90
| identification document
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
| Auszehrung
|100
| consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
| Auszug
|101
| extract
|one hundred (and) one
|}
|(ein)hunderteins
 
|(ein)hunderterste
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== B  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|102
| '''English'''
|one hundred (and) two
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
| B. = Bezirk
|120
| district or area
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
| BA. = Bezirksamt
|121
| district office
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Bay. = Bayern
|122
| Bavaria
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Bd. = Band
|200
| volume
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
| Bhf. = Bahnhof
|300
| railroad station
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
| Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|1.000
| military district command
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
| bz. = beziehungsweise
|1.001
| or, respectively
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
| Bäcker
|1.002
| baker
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
| Bad
|1.050
| spa, resort
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
| Badeort
|1.100
| spa, health resort
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
| Band
|1.500<br>1500
| volume
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Baptist
|1.600<br>1600
| Baptist
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Baron
|1.700<br>1700
| baron
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Bauer
|1.800<br>1800
| farmer, peasant
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Bayern
|1.865<br>1865
| Bavaria
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
| Beamter
|1.900<br>1900
| official, registrar
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Beck(er)  
|2.000<br>2000
| baker
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
| beerdigt
|10.000
| buried
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
| Beerdigung
|100.000
| burial, interment
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
| beglaubigt
|1.000.000
| certified, attested
|one million
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|-
| begraben
|1.000.000.000
| buried
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
 
==Types of Farmers==
 
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Begräbnis
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| burial
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Beichte
|Abbauer
| confession
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|-
| beide
|Abnahmemann
| both
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| Beilage
|Abschiedsmann
| supplement
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| Bekannte(r)
|Achtelbauer
| acquaintance
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Bekehrung
|Achtelhüfner
| conversion
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Belege
|Achtermann
| proof, documentation
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
| Bemerkungen
|Ackerbauer
| remarks
|farmer
|-
|-
| Berg
|Ackerbürger
| hill, mountain
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bergmann
|Ackerer
| miner
|farmer
|-
|-
| Beruf
|Ackerknecht
| occupation, profession
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Beschreibung
|Ackersmann
| description
|farmer
|-
|-
| Besitzer
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|farmer
|-
|-
| bestätigt
|Altbauer
| confirmed, verified
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
| bestattet
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| buried
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| bettlägerig
|Altenteilerin
| bedridden
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|-
| Bettler
|Althufner, Althüfner
| beggar
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Bevölkerungsregister
|Altsitzer(in)
| population register
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| bevorstehend
|Amtsmeier
| previously mentioned
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
| Bezirk
|Anbauer
| district
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Biographie
|Anspänner
| biography
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
| Bischof
|Aröder
| bishop
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
| Bistum
|Artmann
| diocese
|farmer
|-
|-
| Blattern
|Artmeier
| smallpox
|farmer
|-
|-
| blutend
|Auenhäusler
| bleeding
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Blütenmonat
|Ausdinger
| May
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Blutsverwandschaft
|Auszügler
| blood relationship
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Böhmen
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| Bohemia
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
| Bootsmann
|Bauer
| bargeman, boatman
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Böttcher
|Bauernknecht
| cooper, barrel maker
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Brauer
|Bauknecht
| brewer
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Bräune
|Baumann
| diptheria
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
| Braut
|Beerbter
| bride
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
| Bräutigam
|Behandinge
| bridegroom
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|-
| Brücke
|Beibauer
| bridge
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
| Bruder
|Beisasse
| brother
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
| Bub
|Beiwohner
| boy
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
| Buch
|Beständer
| book
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
| Büdner
|Bestanderlasser
| cottager
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
| Burg
|Bestandwirt
| castle, fortress
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
| Bürger
|Bödener
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Bürgerbuch
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| citizen register
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Bürgermeister
|Brinker
| mayor
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Büttner
|Brinkkötter
| barrel maker
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== C  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Brinklieger
| '''English'''
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| ca. = circa
|Brinkmann
| about
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Chirug
|Brinksitzer
| surgeon
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
|-
|-
| Christmonat
|Büdner
| December
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
| Colonist
|Buhmann, Bumann
| settler, tenant farmer
|farmer
|-
|-
| copulieren
|Buschpächter
| to marry
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
| cribrarius
|Chalupner, Challupner
| sieve maker (Latin)
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|}
|-
 
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|farmer who leases church-income property
 
|-
==== D  ====
|Eigengärtner
 
|cottager with a garden of his own
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Eigenkäthner
| '''English'''
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|Eigenkötter
| the
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| D. = Dorf
|Einlieger
| village
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
| das. = daselbst
|Einspänner
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
| Dachdecker
|Erbbauer
| roofer
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
| dänisch
|Erbpächter
| Danish
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
| das
|Exner
| the
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| daselbst
|Feuerstättler
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
| Datum
|Freibauer
| date
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
| Dekanat
|Freigärtner
| deanery
|free farmer
|-
|-
| dem, den
|Fröhner
| the
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
| der
|Gärtner
| the, of the
|farmer
|-
|-
| derselbe
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| the same
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| des
|Gesinde
| of the
|male or female hired help on a farm
|-
|-
| deutsch
|Häker, Häcker
| German
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
|-
|-
| Deutschland
|Halblechner, Halblehner
| Germany
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Dezember
|Heuerling
| December
|day laborer
|-
|-
| die
|Hofer
| the
|farmer
|-
|-
| Diener
|Hofgänger
| servant
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Dienst
|Hofmann
| service, employment
|farmer
|-
|-
| Dienstag
|Hofstädtler
| Tuesday
|farmer
|-
|-
| Dienstmagd
|Hofwirth
| servant girl
|farmer
|-
|-
| dieser
|Hoppenplöcker
| this, these
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|-
| Distrikt
|Hortulanus
| district
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|-
| Domäne
|Huber
| domain
|farmer
|-
|-
| Donnerstag
|Hübler
| Thursday
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|-
| Dorf
|Hüttler, Hitler
| village
|cottager
|-
|-
| dort
|Inlieger
| there
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| drei
|Inste, Instmann
| three
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| dreißig
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| thirty
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
| dreißigste
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| thirtieth
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzigste
|Kampheuerling
| twenty-third
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
| dreizehn
|Kirchdotale
| thirteen
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| dreizehnte
|Kitzmann
| thirteenth
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
| dritte
|Knecht
| third
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Duplikat
|Kölmer
| duplicate record
|farmer who is "half free"
|-
|-
| durch
|Köter, Kötter
| through
|cottager
|-
|-
| Durchfall
|Kolon
| diarrhea
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== E  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Kolonist
| '''English'''
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
| E. = Einwohner
|Kolupner
| residents, population
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|-
|-
| Eis. = Eisenbahn
|Kossate, Kossäth
| railroad, train
|cottager
|-
|-
| Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| Evangelical (Lutheran)
|cottager
|-
|-
| ebenda
|Landmann
| at the same place
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ehe
|Lehner
| marriage
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
| Ehebrecher
|Magd
| adulterer
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
| Ehebruch
|Meyer
| adultery
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
| Ehefrau
|Ochsner
| wife, housewife
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Ehehindernis
|Ökonom
| hinderance to marriage
|farmer
|-
|-
| ehel. = ehelich
|Pachtbauer
| legitimate
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
| eheleiblich
|Päger
| legitimate
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
| Eheleute
|Pfarrdotale
| married couple
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| ehelich
|Robotgärtner
| legitimate
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
| ehemals
|Rössner
| formerly
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
| Ehemann
|Scharknecht
| husband
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Ehepaar
|Söldner
| married couple
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
| Ehescheidung
|Strassenkötter
| divorce
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
| Eheschließung
|Tagelöhner
| marriage
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Ehestand
|Tagner
| married state
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Eheverkündigungen
|Tauner, Thauner
| marriage banns
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|Viertelbauer
| betrothal, engagement
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| son-in-law
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Eigentümer
|Viertellehner
| proprietor, property owner
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| ein, eine
|Vollbauer
| a, one, an
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Einbürgerung
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| naturalization
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
| Einlieger
|Vollmaier
| landless farm laborer
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| eins
|Vollspänner
| one
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Einsender
|Weingärtner
| informant, declarant
|wine grower
|-
|-
| eintausendachthundert
|Weingartknecht
| eighteen hundred
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| eintausendfünfhundert
|Weinzettel
| fifteen hundred
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| eintausendneunhundert
|Widumer
| nineteen hundred
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
| eintausendsechshundert
|Winzer
| sixteen hundred
|wine grower
|-
|-
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|Wirt, Wirth
| seventeen hundred
|farmer
|-
|-
| einunddreissig
|Zettelmann
| thirty-one
|farmhand
|-
|-
| einunddreissigste
|Zweispänner
| thirty-first
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
===A===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| einundzwanzigste
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| twenty-first
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Einwanderer
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| immigrant
|government office, official district
|-
|-
| Einwanderung
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| immigration
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
| Einwilligung
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| permission
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
| Einwohner
|Abt. = Abteilung
| inhabitant
|department
|-
|-
| einzige
|a/d = an der, auf der
| only
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
| Eisenbahn
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| railroad
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
| Eiterbeule
|Anh. = Anhalt
| abscess
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| elf
|ab
| eleven
|from, since
|-
|-
| elfte
|Abbauer
| eleventh
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
| Eltern
|Abdecker
| parents
|skinner
|-
|-
| Enkel
|Abend
| grandson
|evening
|-
|-
| Enkelin
|Abendmahlgast
| granddaughter
|communicant
|-
|-
| Enkelkind
|abends
| grandchild
|in the evening
|-
|-
| eod(em)
|Abenteurer
| the same, ditto
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
| Epilepsie
|aber
| epilepsy
|but
|-
|-
| er
|abgestorben
| he
|deceased
|-
|-
| Erben
|Ablader
| heirs
|longshoreman
|-
|-
| Erbschaft
|Abnahmemann
| inheritance
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
| erhalten
|Abnehmer
| received, receive
|photographer
|-
|-
| erklärt
|Abschiedsmann
| declared
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
| Erlassung
|absterben
| dispensation, permission
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
| Ermächtigung
|Abstreifer
| authorization
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
| Ernting
|Abzehrung
| August
|emaciation, wasting
|-
|-
| errechnet
|acht
| approximated, calculated
|eight
|-
|-
| erschien
|achte
| appeared
|eighth
|-
|-
| erste
|Achter
| first
|juryman
|-
|-
| erstgeboren
|achtundzwanzigste
| firstborn
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| ertrank, ertrunken
|achtzehn
| drowned
|eighteen
|-
|-
| erzeugen
|achtzehnhundert
| beget
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| erzeugt
|achtzehnte
| begat
|eighteenth
|-
|-
| es
|achtzig
| it
|eighty
|-
|-
| et uxor
|achtzigste
| and wife (Latin)
|eightieth
|-
|-
| evangelisch
|Ackermann
| evangelical
|farmer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== F  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Adel
| '''English'''
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
| Fabrikant
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| manufacturer
|formerly employed, retired
|-
|-
| Familie
|adoptiert
| family
|adopted
|-
|-
| Familienbuch
|Ahnen
| family register
|ancestors
|-
|-
| Familienforschung
|Ahnentafel
| genealogical research
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
| Familienregister
|Akten
| family register
|documents
|-
|-
| Färber
|alle
| dyer
|all
|-
|-
| Faßbinder
|allhier
| cooper, barrel maker
|in this place
|-
|-
| Fäule
|alt
| cancer
|old
|-
|-
| Fayencenhändler
|Altbürger
| porcelain merchant
|full citizen
|-
|-
| Februar
|Alter
| February
|age
|-
|-
| Fehlgeburt
|Altersschwäche
| miscarriage
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
| Festtag
|ältest
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|eldest
|-
|-
| Festung
|alt-katholisch
| fortress
|old Catholic
|-
|-
| Fieber
|Amman
| fever
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
| Findling
|Amt
| foundling
|office, district
|-
|-
| Firmung
|Anbauer
| confirmation
|peasant
|-
|-
| Fischer
|andere
| fisher
|other, next
|-
|-
| Fl. = Florin
|Angeber
| standard monetary unit
|informant
|-
|-
| Flecken
|angeblich
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
| Fleckfieber
|angeheiratet
| spotted fever, typhus
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
| Fleischer
|Anhalt
| butcher
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Fleischhauer
|Anmerkungen
| butcher
|remarks
|-
|-
| Flüchtling
|Ansiedler
| refugee, deserter
|settler
|-
|-
| Fluß
|Anspänner
| river
|farmer
|-
|-
| folgende
|Anzeigender
| following, next
|informant
|-
|-
| Forst
|apostolisch
| forest
|Apostolic
|-
|-
| Förster
|April
| forester
|April
|-
|-
| Fourier
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| quartermaster
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
| Fraisen
|Arbeitsbuch
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|employment record book
|-
|-
| Frankreich
|Archiv
| France
|archive
|-
|-
| Frau
|arm
| Mrs., wife, woman
|poor
|-
|-
| Fräulein
|Armut
| Miss, unmarried woman
|poverty
|-
|-
| Freibauer
|Arzt
| farmer who owns his own land
|physician
|-
|-
| Freiherr
|auch
| baron
|also, too
|-
|-
| Freitag
|auf
| Friday
|on, upon, at
|-
|-
| fremd
|aufbieten
| foreign, strange
|post banns
|-
|-
| Freund
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| friend
|residence permit
|-
|-
| Friedhof
|Aufenthaltsort
| cemetery
|residence
|-
|-
| früh
|Aufgebot
| early (a.m.)
|publication of banns
|-
|-
| früher
|Aufnahmebuch
| former, formerly
|book listing debts
|-
|-
| fünf
|Aufnahmeland
| five
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
| fifth
|August
|August
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzigste
|aus
| twenty-fifth
|from, out of
|-
|-
| fünfzehn
|außen
| fifteen
|outside
|-
|-
| fünfzehnhundert
|äußere
| fifteen hundred
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
| fünfzehnte
|außerehelich
| fifteenth
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| fünfzig
|Auswanderer
| fifty
|emigrant
|-
|-
| fünfzigste
|Auswanderung
| fiftieth
|emigration
|-
|-
| für
|Ausweis
| for
|identification document
|-
|-
| Fürst
|Auszehrung
| prince, count
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
| Fürstentum
|Auszug
| principality
|extract
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== G  ====
===B===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
| G. = Gericht
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| court
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| geb. = geboren
|B. = Bezirk
| born, maiden name
|district or area
|-
|-
| Gem. = Gemeinde
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| community, municipality, parish, town
|district office
|-
|-
| gest. = gestorben
|Bay. = Bayern
| died
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| get. = getauft
|Bd. = Band
| baptized, christened
|volume
|-
|-
| Gr. = Groß
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| Great (part of place name)
|railroad station
|-
|-
| Gärtner
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| gardener
|military district command
|-
|-
| Gastwirt
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| innkeeper
|or, respectively
|-
|-
| Gatte
|Bäcker
| husband
|baker
|-
|-
| Gattin
|Bad
| wife
|spa, resort
|-
|-
| geben, gab
|Badeort
| given, gave
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
| Gebiet
|Bader
| region, area, zone
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
| geboren
|Band
| born, maiden name
|volume
|-
|-
| Gebühren
|Baptist
| fees
|Baptist
|-
|-
| Geburt
|Baron
| birth
|baron
|-
|-
| Geburtsort
|Bauer
| place of birth
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
| Geburtsschein
|Bayern
| birth certificate
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Geburtsurkunde
|Beamter
| birth certificate
|official, registrar
|-
|-
| gegen
|Beck(er)
| against, towards
|baker
|-
|-
| geheiratet
|beerdigt
| married
|buried
|-
|-
| gehört
|Beerdigung
| belongs (to)
|burial, interment
|-
|-
| Geistliche(r)
|beglaubigt
| clergyman
|certified, attested
|-
|-
| Gelbsucht
|begraben
| jaundice
|buried
|-
|-
| Geld
|Begräbnis
| money
|burial
|-
|-
| Gemahl(in)
|bei
| spouse, husband, wife
|at, in, by
|-
|-
| Gemeinde
| community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Gemeindemann
|Beichte
| village official, village resident
|confession
|-
|-
| Gemeindsmann
|beide
| citizen with full rights
|both
|-
|-
| gemelli
|Beilage
| twins
|supplement
|-
|-
| genannt
|Bekannte(r)
| named, alias, called
|acquaintance
|-
|-
| Genealogie
|Bekehrung
| genealogy
|conversion
|-
|-
| Gerber
|Beklagter(in)
| tanner
|defendant
|-
|-
| Gericht
|Belege
| court
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
| Gerichtsmann
|Bemerkungen
| juryman
|remarks
|-
|-
| Gerichtsschreiber
|Berg
| court clerk
|hill, mountain
|-
|-
| Gerichtsverwandter
|Bergmann
| member of the judicial court
|miner
|-
|-
| gesagt
|Beruf
| said, stated
|occupation, profession
|-
|-
| Geschichte
|Beschreibung
| history
|description
|-
|-
| geschieden
|Besitzer
| divorced
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
| Geschlecht
|Bestandmüller
| gender, sex, lineage
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| Geschlechterbücher
|bestätigt
| lineage books
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
| Geschlechtsname
|bestattet
| surname
|buried
|-
|-
| Geschwister
|bettlägerig
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|bedridden
|-
|-
| Geschwulst
|Bettler
| swelling, tumor
|beggar
|-
|-
| Geselle
|Bevölkerungsregister
| journeyman
|population register
|-
|-
| Gesellschaft
|bevorstehend
| society, group
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
| Gesetz
|Bezirk
| law
|district
|-
|-
| gesetzlich
|Biographie
| legal
|biography
|-
|-
| gestern
|Bischof
| yesterday
|bishop
|-
|-
| gestorben
|Bistum
| died
|diocese
|-
|-
| Getaufte
|Blattern
| person who was baptized
|smallpox
|-
|-
| getr. = getraut
|blutend
| married
|bleeding
|-
|-
| Getraute
|Blütenmonat
| married couple
|May
|-
|-
| Gevatter
|Blutsverwandschaft
| godfather
|blood relationship
|-
|-
| Gewerbe
|Böhmen
| trade, occupation
|Bohemia
|-
|-
| Gicht
|Bootsmann
| gout, arthritis
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
| Gilde
|Böttcher
| guild
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Glaube
|Brauer
| belief, faith
|brewer
|-
|-
| Glauben
|Bräune
| religious affiliation
|diphtheria
|-
|-
| gleich
|Braut
| same, alike, similar, right away
|bride
|-
|-
| Graf
|Bräutigam
| count (nobleman), earl
|bridegroom
|-
|-
| Grafschaft
|Brücke
| county
|bridge
|-
|-
| Grenze
|Bruder
| border
|brother
|-
|-
| groß
|Bub
| big, great, large
|boy
|-
|-
| Großeltern
|Buch
| grandparents
|book
|-
|-
| großjährig
|Büdner
| of age
|cottager
|-
|-
| Großmutter
|Burg
| grandmother
|castle, fortress
|-
|-
| Großneffe
|Bürger
| great-nephew
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
| Großnichte
|Bürgerbuch
| great-niece
|citizen register
|-
|-
| Großvater
|Bürgermeister
| grandfather
|mayor
|-
|-
| Grundbuch
|Büroangestellte
| land register
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
| Gulden
|Bursch, Pursch
| standard monetary unit, florin
|young man
|-
|-
| Gut
|Büttner
| property, estate
|barrel maker
|-
| gut
| good
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== H  ====
===C===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Hann. = Hannover
|ca. = circa
| Hannover
|about
|-
|-
| Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|Chirug
| manor, estate, domain
|surgeon
|-
|-
| Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|Christmonat
| Prussian province
|December
|-
|-
| hzl. = herzoglich
|Colonist
| of the duke
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Hzt. = Herzogtum
|Comparent
| duchy
|informant
|-
|-
| haben
|copulieren
| to have
|to marry
|-
|-
| halb
|Cossate, Cossathe
| half
|cottager
|-
|-
| halb drei
|cribrarius
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|sieve maker (Latin)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| halb eins
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| halb zwei
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|the
|-
|-
| Halbbauer
|D. = Dorf
| small farmer
|village
|-
|-
| Halbmeier
|das. = daselbst
| small farmer
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| Händler
|Dachdecker
| trader, merchant, peddler
|roofer
|-
|-
| Hartung
|dahier
| January
|here
|-
|-
| Haupt-
|dänisch
| chief, main
|Danish
|-
|-
| Haus
|das
| house
|the
|-
|-
| Hausfrau
|daselbst
| housewife
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| Häusler
|Datum
| cottager
|date
|-
|-
| Hausmädchen
|Dekanat
| housemaid
|deanery
|-
|-
| Hebamme
|dem, den
| midwife
|the
|-
|-
| Heilquelle
|der
| spa, bath
|the, of the
|-
|-
| Heimat
|derselbe
| home, native place, homeland
|the same
|-
|-
| Heimatschein
|des
| domicile or residency certificate
|of the
|-
|-
| Heimatsort
|deutsch
| place of birth, home town
|German
|-
|-
| Heirat
|Deutschland
| marriage
|Germany
|-
|-
| heiraten
|Dezember
| to marry
|December
|-
|-
| Heiratsantrag
|die
| marriage intentions
|the
|-
|-
| Heiratsbelege
|Diener
| marriage supplements
|servant
|-
|-
| Heiratskontrakt
|Dienst
| marriage contracts
|service, employment
|-
|-
| Heiratsprotokolle
|Dienstag
| marriage records
|Tuesday
|-
|-
| Heiratsschein
|Dienstbotin
| marriage certificate
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
| heißt
|Dienstmagd
| is named
|servant girl
|-
|-
| Hektar
|dieser
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|this, these
|-
|-
| Heraldik
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| heraldry
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
| Herkunftsort
|Dispensation(en)
| place of origin
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
| Herr
|Distrikt
| Mister, Lord, lord
|district
|-
|-
| Herrschaft
|Domäne
| estate, dominion
|domain
|-
|-
| Herzog
|Dominikalist
| duke
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
| Herzogtum
|Donnerstag
| duchy
|Thursday
|-
|-
| Hessische
|Dorf
| Hessian
|village
|-
|-
| Heuerling
|dort
| dayworker, hireling
|there
|-
|-
| Heuert, Heumonat
|drei
| July
|three
|-
|-
| heute
|dreißig
| today
|thirty
|-
|-
| hier
|dreißigste
| here
|thirtieth
|-
|-
| hiesiger Ort
|dreiundzwanzigste
| this place
|twenty-third
|-
|-
| Hinterbliebene
|dreizehn
| survivors
|thirteen
|-
|-
| hinterlassen
|dreizehnte
| surviving, left behind
|thirteenth
|-
|-
| Hirt
|dritte
| herdsman
|third
|-
|-
| hitziges Fieber
|Duplikat
| burning fever, high fever
|duplicate record
|-
|-
| hoch
|durch
| high
|through
|-
|-
| Hochzeit
|Durchfall
| wedding
|diarrhea
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Hof
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Hofprediger
|E. = Einwohner
| chaplain
|residents, population
|-
|-
| Holländer
|ehrngeachte
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|honorable
|-
|-
| Hornung
|einkindschaften
| February
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
| Hüfner
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| farmer
|railroad, train
|-
|-
| Hufschmied
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| blacksmith
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
| Hügel
|ebenda
| hill
|at the same place
|-
|-
| hundert
|Ehe
| hundred
|marriage
|-
|-
| Hurenkind
|Ehebrecher
| illegitimate child
|adulterer
|-
|-
| Husten
|Ehebruch
| cough
|adultery
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== I  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Ehefrau
| '''English'''
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
| ihr, ihr-
|Ehehindernis
| their, her
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
| im
|ehel. = ehelich
| in the
|legitimate
|-
|-
| immer
|eheleiblich
| always
|legitimate
|-
|-
| in
|Eheleute
| in, at
|married couple
|-
|-
| Inhalt
|ehelich
| content(s)
|legitimate
|-
|-
| innerhalb
|ehemals
| inside of
|formerly
|-
|-
| Innung
|Ehemann
| guild
|husband
|-
|-
| Instmann
|Ehepaar
| tenant farmer
|married couple
|-
|-
| ist
|Ehescheidung
| is
|divorce
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== J  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Eheschließung
| '''English'''
|marriage
|-
|-
| Jäger
|Ehestand
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|married state
|-
|-
| Jahr
|Eheverkündigungen
| year
|marriage banns
|-
|-
| Jahrestag
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
| anniversary
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| Jahreszeit
|Eidam (Eidmann)
| season
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Jahrhundert
|Eigentümer
| century
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
| jährlich
|ein, eine
| annual, yearly
|a, one, an
|-
|-
| Jahrzehnt
|Einbürgerung
| decade
|naturalization
|-
|-
| Jänner
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| January
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Januar
|Einlieger
| January
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|eins
| each, every
|one
|-
|-
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Einsender
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
| jüdisch
|eintausendachthundert
| Jewish
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| Jugend
|eintausendfünfhundert
| youth, adolescence
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Juli
|eintausendneunhundert
| July
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| Julmonat
|eintausendsechshundert
| December
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| jung
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| young
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Junge
|einunddreissig
| a youth (male)
|thirty-one
|-
|-
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|einunddreissigste
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|thirty-first
|-
|-
| Junggeselle
|einundzwanzigste
| bachelor
|twenty-first
|-
|-
| Jüngling
|Einwanderer
| bachelor, young man
|immigrant
|-
|-
| Juni
|Einwanderung
| June
|immigration
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== K  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|einwilligend
| '''English'''
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Einwilligung
| royal imperial
|permission
|-
|-
| Kammerfrau
|Einwohner
| lady-in-waiting
|inhabitant
|-
|-
| Kantor
|einzige
| choirmaster, organist
|only
|-
|-
| Karpe
|Eisenbahn
| carpenter
|railroad
|-
|-
| Karte
|Eiterbeule
| map
|abscess
|-
|-
| Karrer
|elf
| carter
|eleven
|-
|-
| Kartei
|elfte
| card index
|eleventh
|-
|-
| Käthner, Kätner
|Eltern
| cottager
|parents
|-
|-
| katholisch
|Enkel
| Catholic
|grandson
|-
|-
| kaufen
|Enkelin
| to buy
|granddaughter
|-
|-
| Kaufmann
|Enkelkind
| merchant
|grandchild
|-
|-
| kein
|eod(em)
| no, not any, none
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
| Keller
|Epilepsie
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|epilepsy
|-
|-
| Kellner
|er
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|he
|-
|-
| Kessler
|Erben
| kettlemaker
|heirs
|-
|-
| Keuchhusten
|Erbschaft
| whooping cough
|inheritance
|-
|-
| Kiefer
|erhalten
| cooper, barrel maker
|received, receive
|-
|-
| Kind
|erklärt
| baby
|declared
|-
|-
| Kindbettfieber
|Erlassung
| childbed fever
|dispensation, permission
|-
|-
| Kinder
|Ermächtigung
| children
|authorization
|-
|-
| Kirche
|Ernting
| church
|August
|-
|-
| Kirchenältester
|errechnet
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
| Kirchenbuch
|erschien
| parish register
|appeared
|-
|-
| Kirchengemeinde
|erste
| parish
|first
|-
|-
| Kirchenpfleger
|erstgeboren
| churchwarden
|firstborn
|-
|-
| Kirchenrodel
|Erstkommunikant
| parish register
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
| Kirchensprengel
|ertrank, ertrunken
| parish
|drowned
|-
|-
| Kirchenvorsteher
|erzeugen
| churchwarden
|beget
|-
|-
| kirchlich
|erzeugt
| pertaining to church
|begat
|-
|-
| Kirchrat
|es
| member of a church council
|it
|-
|-
| Kirchspiel
|et uxor
| parish
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
| klein
|evangelisch
| little
|evangelical
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===F===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Knabe
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| boy
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Knecht
|Fabrikant
| servant
|manufacturer
|-
|-
| Kolonist
|Fabrikarbeiter
| settler, colonist, farmer
|factory worker
|-
|-
| Kommunikant
|Fallkind
| communicant
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
| Kommunion
|Familiant
| communion
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
| Konfirmation
|Familie
| confirmation
|family
|-
|-
| König
|Familienbuch
| king
|family register
|-
|-
| königlich
|Familienforschung
| royal
|genealogical research
|-
|-
| Königreich
|Familienregister
| kingdom
|family register
|-
|-
| Kopulation
|Färber
| marriage
|dyer
|-
|-
| kopulieren
|Faßbinder
| to marry
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Kossät, Kossath
|Fäule
| cottager
|cancer
|-
|-
| Kötter, Kötner
|Fayencenhändler
| small farmer, cottager
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
| Krämer
|Februar
| grocer, small retailer
|February
|-
|-
| Krämpfe
|Fehlgeburt
| cramps,, convulsions
|miscarriage
|-
|-
| Krankheit
|Festtag
| disease, sickness
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| Krebs
|Festung
| cancer
|fortress
|-
|-
| Kreis
|Fieber
| county
|fever
|-
|-
| Krieg
|Findling
| war
|foundling
|-
|-
| Kröger, Krogmann
|Firmung
| innkeeper
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Küfer
|Fischer
| cooper, barrel maker
|fisher
|-
|-
| Kuhhirte
|Fl. = Florin
| cowherd
|standard monetary unit
|-
|-
| Kupferschmied
|Flecken
| coppersmith
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
| Kurort
|Fleckfieber
| spa
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
| Kusine
|Fleischer
| female cousin
|butcher
|-
|-
| Kutscher
|Fleischhauer
| coachman
|butcher
|}
|-
 
|Flüchtling
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|refugee, deserter
 
==== L  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Fluß
| '''English'''
|river
|-
|-
| Land
|folgende
| land, country
|following, next
|-
|-
| Landarbeiter
|Forst
| farmhand
|forest
|-
|-
| Landkarte
|Förster
| map
|forester
|-
|-
| Landwirt
|Fourier
| farmer
|quartermaster
|-
|-
| lassen
|Fraisen
| to let, leave, allow
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
| lebendig
|Frankreich
| living
|France
|-
|-
| ledig
|Frau
| single, unmarried
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
| legitimiert
|Fräulein
| made legitimate, legitimized
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Lehrer
|Freibauer
| teacher
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
| Lehrling
|Freiherr
| apprentice
|baron
|-
|-
| Leiche
|Freitag
| corpse, body
|Friday
|-
|-
| Leichenpredigt
|fremd
| funeral sermon
|foreign, strange
|-
|-
| Leinenweber
|Freund
| linen weaver
|friend
|-
|-
| Lenz
|Friedhof
| spring (season)
|cemetery
|-
|-
| letzte Ölung
|Friesel
| last rites, extreme unction
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
| letzte Salbung
|Friseur
| last rites, extreme unction
|hairdresser
|-
|-
| Letzter
|früh
| latter, last
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| letzter Wille
|früher
| last will
|former, formerly
|-
|-
| links
|Frühgeburt
| left
|premature birth
|-
|-
| Lungenentzündung
|Frühkind
| pneumonia
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
| Lungenschwindsucht
|fünf
| consumption, tuberculosis
|five
|-
|-
| lutherisch
|Fuhrmann
| Lutheran
|wagoner
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== M  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|fünfte
| '''English'''
|fifth
|-
|-
| Mädchen
|fünfundzwanzigste
| girl
|twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| Mädel
|fünfzehn
| girl
|fifteen
|-
|-
| Magd
|fünfzehnhundert
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Mägdlein
|fünfzehnte
| girl, little girl
|fifteenth
|-
|-
| Mai
|fünfzig
| May
|fifty
|-
|-
| Maler
|fünfzigste
| painter
|fiftieth
|-
|-
| Mann
|für
| husband, man
|for
|-
|-
| männlich
|Fürst
| male
|prince, count
|-
|-
| Markt
|Fürstentum
| market
|principality
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===G===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| März
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| March
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Masern
|G. = Gericht
| measles
|court
|-
|-
| Matrikel
|geb. = geboren
| register
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Maurer
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| mason
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Meister, -meister
|gest. = gestorben
| master
|died
|-
|-
| Mennoniten
|get. = getauft
| Mennonites
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Metzger
|gez. = gezeichnet
| butcher
|signed
|-
|-
| Militär
|Gr. = Groß
| military
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
| minderjährig
|Gärtner
| underaged, minor
|gardener
|-
|-
| mit
|Gastwirt
| with, via, by
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Mitglied
|Gatte
| member
|husband
|-
|-
| Mittag
|Gattin
| midday
|wife
|-
|-
| mittags
|geben, gab
| at noon
|given, gave
|-
|-
| Mitternacht
|Gebiet
| midnight
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
| Mittwoch
|geboren
| Wednesday
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Monat
|Gebühren
| month
|fees
|-
|-
| Montag
|Geburt
| Monday
|birth
|-
|-
| Morgen
|Geburtsort
| morning, tomorrow
|place of birth
|-
|-
| Morgen (morgen)
|Geburtsschein
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| morgens
|Geburtsurkunde
| in the morning
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Mühle
|gegen
| mill
|against, towards
|-
|-
| mündlich
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| verbal, verbally
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
| Mutter
|gegenwärtig
| Mother
|currently
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== N  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|geheiratet
| '''English'''
|married
|-
|-
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|gehört
| name not known
|belongs (to)
|-
|-
| nach
|Geistliche(r)
| to, after, according to
|clergyman
|-
|-
| Nachbar
|Gelbsucht
| neighbor
|jaundice
|-
|-
| Nachbarschaft
|Geld
| neighborhood
|money
|-
|-
| nachgelassen
|Gemahl(in)
| surviving
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| Nachlaß
|Gemeinde
| estate, inheritance
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Nachmittag
|Gemeindemann
| afternoon
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
| nachmittags
|Gemeindsmann
| in the afternoon
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
| nächst(e)
|gemelli
| next
|twins
|-
|-
| Nacht
|genannt
| night
|named, alias, called
|-
|-
| Näherin
|Genealogie
| seamstress
|genealogy
|-
|-
| Name
|genesen
| name
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
| nat. = natus, nata
|Gerber
| born
|tanner
|-
|-
| natus, nata
|Gericht
| born
|court
|-
|-
| neben
|Gerichtsmann
| next to
|juryman
|-
|-
| Nebenfrau
|Gerichtsschöffe
| concubine
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Neffe
|Gerichtsschöppe
| nephew
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Nervenfieber
|Gerichtsschreiber
| nervous fever
|court clerk
|-
|-
| neu
|Gerichtsverwandter
| new
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
| neun
|gesagt
| nine
|said, stated
|-
|-
| neunte
|Geschichte
| ninth
|history
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzigte
|geschieden
| twenty-ninth
|divorced
|-
|-
| neunzehn
|Geschlecht
| nineteen
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
| neunzehnhundert
|Geschlechterbücher
| nineteen hundred
|lineage books
|-
|-
| neunzehnte
|Geschlechtsname
| nineteenth
|surname
|-
|-
| neunzig
|Geschwister
| ninety
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
| neunzigste
|Geschwisterkind
| ninetieth
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
|-
|-
| Nicht
|Geschwulst
| not
|swelling, tumor
|-
|-
| Nichte
|Geselle
| niece
|journeyman
|-
|-
| nichts
|Gesellschaft
| nothing
|society, group
|-
|-
| nie
|Gesetz
| never
|law
|-
|-
| nieder
|gesetzlich
| lower
|legal
|-
|-
| niederländisch
|gestern
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|yesterday
|-
|-
| noch
|gestorben
| still
|died
|-
|-
| noch lebende
|Getaufte
| still living
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
| noch nicht
|getr. = getraut
| not yet
|married
|-
|-
| Nord
|Getraute
| north
|married couple
|-
|-
| Notizen
|Gevatter
| notices, miscellaneous records
|godfather
|-
|-
| Nottaufe
|Gewerbe
| emergency baptism
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
| November
|gewerblos
| November
|without occupation
|-
|-
| Nummer
|Gicht
| number
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
| nur
|Gilde
| only
|guild
|}
|-
 
|Glaser
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|glazier
 
|-
==== O  ====
|Glasermeister
 
|master glazier
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|Glaube
|belief, faith
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Glauben
| '''English'''
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
| O.A. = Oberamt
|gleich
| governing district office
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
| ober
|Gode
| upper, over
|godmother
|-
|-
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)  
|Graf
| chief, head; upper, over
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
| Oberamt
|Grafschaft
| governing district office
|county
|-
|-
| oder
|Grenze
| or
|border
|-
|-
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|groß
| make known publicly
|big, great, large
|-
|-
| oft
|Großeltern
| often
|grandparents
|-
|-
| Oheim
|großjährig
| uncle
|of age
|-
|-
| ohne
|Großmutter
| without
|grandmother
|-
|-
| Oktober
|Großneffe
| October
|great-nephew
|-
|-
| Onkel
|Großnichte
| uncle
|great-niece
|-
|-
| Ort
|Großvater
| place, town
|grandfather
|-
|-
| Ortslexikon
|Grundbuch
| gazetteer
|land register
|-
|-
| Osten
|Gulden
| east
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Gürtler
| Easter (could be March or April)
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
| Ostermonat
|Gut
| April
|property, estate
|-
|-
| Ostern
|gut
| Easter
|good
|-
|-
| Österreich
|Gutsbesitzer
| Austria
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
| österreichisch
|Gutsverwalter
| Austrian
|Estate Manager
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== P  ====
===H===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Pächter
|Handzeichen
| leaseholder
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
| Pate
|Hann. = Hannover
| godfather
|Hanover
|-
|-
| Paten
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| godparents
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
| Pest
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| plague
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| Pfalz
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| Palatinate
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
| Pfarramt
|hzl. = herzoglich
| parish office
|of the duke
|-
|-
| Pfarrbuch
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| parish register
|duchy
|-
|-
| Pfarrei
|haben
| parish
|to have
|-
|-
| Pfarrer
|halb
| parish minister, pastor
|half
|-
|-
| Pfingsten
|halb drei
| Pentecost
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Pflegekind
|halb eins
| foster child
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Pflegesohn
|halb zwei
| foster son
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Pflegetochter
|Halbbauer
| foster daughter
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Platz
|Halbmeier
| place (location)
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Pocken
|Halbzeugmacher
| pox, smallpox
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
| Polen
|Hartung
| Poland
|January
|-
|-
| polnisch
|Händler
| Polish
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
| preußisch
|Haupt-
| Prussia
|chief, main
|-
|-
| Priester
|Haus
| priest
|house
|-
|-
| Prinz
|Hausfrau
| prince
|housewife
|-
|-
| Prinzessin
|Häusler
| princess
|cottager
|-
|-
| protestantisch
|Hausmädchen
| Protestant
|housemaid
|-
|-
| Provinz
|Hebamme
| province
|midwife
|-
|-
| provinzial
|Heilquelle
| provincial
|spa, bath
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== R  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Heimat
| '''English'''
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
| Räbbe
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| rabies
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
| Räcke
|Heimatsort
| stiffness of the limbs
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
| Racker
|Heirat
| renderer
|marriage
|-
|-
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|heiraten
| wheelwright
|to marry
|-
|-
| Radhauer
|Heiratsantrag
| wheelwright
|marriage intentions
|-
|-
| Rathaus
|Heiratsbelege
| city hall
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
| Ratsherr
|Heiratskontrakt
| alderman
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
| Ratsmann
|Heiratsprotokolle
| councilman; town councilor
|marriage records
|-
|-
| Rechnung
|Heiratsschein
| account; bill
|marriage certificate
|-
|-
| rechtgläubig
|heißt
| orthodox
|is named
|-
|-
| Rechsanwalt
|Hektar
| lawyer
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
| reformiert
|Helfer
| reformed
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
| Regierungsbezirk
|Heraldik
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Register
|Herkunftsort
| register (a book or list)
|place of origin
|-
|-
| Reich
|Herr
| empire; kingdom
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
| Reifer
|Herrschaft
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
| Reiter
|herrschaftlich
| rider; cavalryman
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| relicta
|Herzog
| widow
|duke
|-
|-
| relictus
|Herzogtum
| widower
|duchy
|-
|-
| Religion
|Hessische
| religion
|Hessian
|-
|-
| ren. = renatus, renata
|Heuerling
| baptized, christened
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
| Rentner
|Heuert, Heumonat
| retired person
|July
|-
|-
| Rheuma
|heute
| rheumatism
|today
|-
|-
| Richter
|hier
| judge
|here
|-
|-
| Rodel
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| register
|local
|-
|-
| Röseler
|hiesiger Ort
| whitewasher
|this place
|-
|-
| Rössler
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| horseman; tanner
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
| römisch katholisch
|Hinterbliebene
| Roman Catholic
|survivors
|-
|-
| Röt
|hinterlassen
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
| Rotgerber
|Hirt
| red tanner
|herdsman
|-
|-
| Ruhestand
|hitziges Fieber
| retirement
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
| Ruhr
|hoch
| dysentery
|high
|-
|-
| russisch
|Hochzeit
| Russian
|wedding
|-
|-
| Rußland
|Hof
| Russia
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== S  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Hofprediger
| '''English'''
|chaplain
|-
|-
| S. = Seite
|Holländer
| page
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
| s. = siehe
|Hollandgänger
| see the following reference
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
| Sachsen
|Hornung
| Saxony
|February
|-
|-
| Sackhuhn
|Hüfner
| sailmaker
|farmer
|-
|-
| Säger
|Hufschmied
| sawyer
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|-
| Salbung
|Hügel
| anointing
|hill
|-
|-
| Salzvogt
|hundert
| salt works overseer
|hundred
|-
|-
| Samstag
|Hurenkind
| Saturday
|illegitimate child
|-
|-
| Sarkhauer
|Husten
| stonemason
|cough
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===I===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Satertag
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Saturday
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Sattler
|ihr, ihr-
| saddler, leather worker
|their, her
|-
|-
| Schacherer
|im
| peddler
|in the
|-
|-
| Schäfer
|im Leben
| shepherd
|in life, while living
|-
|-
| Schaffer
|immer
| worker; laborer; administrator
|always
|-
|-
| Schäf(f)ler
|in
| cooper
|in, at
|-
|-
| Schaffmann
|Inhalt
| worker
|content(s)
|-
|-
| Schaffner
|innerhalb
| conductor
|inside of
|-
|-
| Schalck, Schall
|Innung
| servant
|guild
|-
|-
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Inspektor
| scarlet fever
|inspector
|-
|-
| Scharnemann
|Instmann
| merchant in a market
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Scharrmacher
|ist
| wagon builder
|is
|-
|-
| Scharwerker  
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
| day laborer on a farm
|now
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===J===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|Jäger
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|Jahr
|year
|-
|Jahrestag
|anniversary
|-
|Jahreszeit
|season
|-
|Jahrhundert
|century
|-
|jährlich
|annual, yearly
|-
|Jahrzehnt
|decade
|-
|Jänner
|January
|-
|Januar
|January
|-
|jeder (jede, jedes)
|each, every
|-
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|Joe.
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|jüdisch
|Jewish
|-
|Jugend
|youth, adolescence
|-
|Juli
|July
|-
|Julmonat
|December
|-
|jung
|young
|-
|Junge
|a youth (male)
|-
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|Junggeselle
|bachelor
|-
|Jüngling
|bachelor, young man
|-
|jüngsthin
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|Juni
|June
|-
|Justmann
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===K===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|royal imperial
|-
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|Kammerfrau
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|Kantor
|choirmaster, organist
|-
|Karpe
|carpenter
|-
|Karte
|map
|-
|Karrer
|carter
|-
|Kartei
|card index
|-
|Kassierer
|cashier, collector
|-
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
|cottager
|-
|Käthner, Kätner
|cottager
|-
|katholisch
|Catholic
|-
|kaufen
|to buy
|-
|Kaufmann
|merchant
|-
|kein
|no, not any, none
|-
|Keller
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|Kellner
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|Kessler
|kettlemaker
|-
|Keuchhusten
|whooping cough
|-
|Kiefer
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|Kind
|baby
|-
|Kindbetterin
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|Kindbettfieber
|childbed fever
|-
|Kinder
|children
|-
|Kirche
|church
|-
|Kirchenältester
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|Kirchenbuch
|parish register
|-
|Kirchengemeinde
|parish
|-
|Kirchenpfleger
|churchwarden
|-
|Kirchenrodel
|parish register
|-
|Kirchensprengel
|parish
|-
|Kirchenvorsteher
|churchwarden
|-
|Kirchhöre
|church parish
|-
|kirchlich
|pertaining to church
|-
|Kirchrat
|member of a church council
|-
|Kirchspiel
|parish
|-
|Kläger(in), Klr.
|plaintiff
|-
|klein
|little
|-
|Knabe
|boy
|-
|Knecht
|servant
|-
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
|cottager
|-
|Kolonist
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|Kommunikant
|communicant
|-
|Kommunion
|communion
|-
|Konfirmation
|confirmation
|-
|Konditormeister
|master cake-maker
|-
|Konfitenten
|confessants
|-
|König
|king
|-
|königlich
|royal
|-
|Königreich
|kingdom
|-
|Kooperator
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|Kopulation
|marriage
|-
|kopulieren
|to marry
|-
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|cottager
|-
|Kossattin
|female cottager
|-
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|Krämer
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|Krämpfe
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|Krankheit
|disease, sickness
|-
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krebs
|cancer
|-
|Kreis
|county
|-
|Krieg
|war
|-
|Kröger, Krogmann
|innkeeper
|-
|Küfer
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|Kuhhirte
|cowherd
|-
|Kupferschmied
|coppersmith
|-
|Kurort
|spa
|-
|Kusine
|female cousin
|-
|Küster
|sexton
|-
|Kutscher
|coachman
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Land
|land, country
|-
|Landarbeiter
|farmhand
|-
|Landkarte
|map
|-
|Landwirt
|farmer
|-
|lassen
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|lebendig
|living
|-
|ledig
|single, unmarried
|-
|legitimiert
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|Lehrer
|teacher
|-
|Lehrling
|apprentice
|-
|Leiche
|corpse, body
|-
|Leichenpredigt
|funeral sermon
|-
|Leinenweber
|linen weaver
|-
|Lenz
|spring (season)
|-
|letzte Ölung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|letzte Salbung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|Letzter
|latter, last
|-
|letzter Wille
|last will
|-
|links
|left
|-
|Lippische Ziegler
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|lohgerbermeister
|master tanner
|-
|Lungenentzündung
|pneumonia
|-
|Lungenschwindsucht
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|lutherisch
|Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mädchen
|girl
|-
|Mädel
|girl
|-
|Magd
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|Mägdlein
|girl, little girl
|-
|Mai
|May
|-
|Maler
|painter
|-
|Mann
|husband, man
|-
|männlich
|male
|-
|mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|Markt
|market
|-
|März
|March
|-
|Masern
|measles
|-
|Matrikel
|register
|-
|Matrose
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|Maurer
|mason
|-
|Mautner
|customs official
|-
|Meister, -meister
|master
|-
|Mennoniten
|Mennonites
|-
|Messerschmied
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
|butcher
|-
|Meubelfabrakant
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|Militär
|military
|-
|minderjährig
|underaged, minor
|-
|mit
|with, via, by
|-
|Mitglied
|member
|-
|Mittag
|midday
|-
|mittags
|at noon
|-
|Mitternacht
|midnight
|-
|Mittwoch
|Wednesday
|-
|Monat
|month
|-
|Montag
|Monday
|-
|Morgen
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|morgens
|in the morning
|-
|müheseelig Mench
|handicapped person
|-
|Mühle
|mill
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
|mill owner
|-
|Mühlenpächter
|mill tenant
|-
|Mullnäher
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|mündlich
|verbal, verbally
|-
|Mutter
|Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
|name not known
|-
|nach
|to, after, according to
|-
|Nachbar
|neighbor
|-
|Nachbarschaft
|neighborhood
|-
|nachgelassen
|surviving
|-
|Nachlaß
|estate, inheritance
|-
|Nachmittag
|afternoon
|-
|nachmittags
|in the afternoon
|-
|nächst(e)
|next
|-
|Nacht
|night
|-
|Näherin
|seamstress
|-
|Name
|name
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
|born
|-
|natus, nata
|born
|-
|neben
|next to
|-
|Nebenfrau
|concubine
|-
|Neffe
|nephew
|-
|nemlich
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|Nervenfieber
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|neu
|new
|-
|neun
|nine
|-
|neunte
|ninth
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
|twenty-ninth
|-
|neunzehn
|nineteen
|-
|neunzehnhundert
|nineteen hundred
|-
|neunzehnte
|nineteenth
|-
|neunzig
|ninety
|-
|neunzigste
|ninetieth
|-
|Nicht
|not
|-
|Nichte
|niece
|-
|nichts
|nothing
|-
|nie
|never
|-
|nieder
|lower
|-
|niederländisch
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|noch
|still
|-
|noch lebende
|still living
|-
|noch nicht
|not yet
|-
|Nord
|north
|-
|Notizen
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|Nottaufe
|emergency baptism
|-
|November
|November
|-
|Nummer
|number
|-
|nur
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|ober
|upper, over
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|oder
|or
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|make known publicly
|-
|oft
|often
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
|maternal uncle
|-
|ohne
|without
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
|without any particular occupation
|-
|Oktober
|October
|-
|Onkel
|uncle
|-
|Ort
|place, town
|-
|Ortslexikon
|gazetteer
|-
|Osten
|east
|-
|Ostern
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|Ostermonat
|April
|-
|Ostern
|Easter
|-
|Österreich
|Austria
|-
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Pächter
|leaseholder
|-
|Pate
|godfather
|-
|Paten
|godparents
|-
|Patin
|godmother
|-
|Pest
|plague
|-
|Pfalz
|Palatinate
|-
|Pfarramt
|parish office
|-
|Pfarrbuch
|parish register
|-
|Pfarrei
|parish
|-
|Pfarrer
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|Pfarrverweser
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|Pfingsten
|Pentecost
|-
|Pflegekind
|foster child
|-
|Pflegesohn
|foster son
|-
|Pflegetochter
|foster daughter
|-
|Pfleggericht
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|Plätterin
|ironer
|-
|Platz
|place (location)
|-
|Pocken
|pox, smallpox
|-
|Polen
|Poland
|-
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|Posamentierer
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|preußisch
|Prussia
|-
|Priester
|priest
|-
|Prinz
|prince
|-
|Prinzessin
|princess
|-
|protestantisch
|Protestant
|-
|Provinz
|province
|-
|provinzial
|provincial
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Räbbe
|rabies
|-
|Rabbiner
|rabbi
|-
|Räcke
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|Racker
|renderer
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|wheelwright
|-
|Radhauer
|wheelwright
|-
|Rathaus
|city hall
|-
|Ratsherr
|alderman
|-
|Ratsmann
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|Rechnung
|account; bill
|-
|rechtgläubig
|orthodox
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
|lawyer
|-
|reformiert
|reformed
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|Register
|register (a book or list)
|-
|Reich
|empire; kingdom
|-
|Reifer
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|Reiter
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|relicta
|widow
|-
|relictus
|widower
|-
|Religion
|religion
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
|baptized, christened
|-
|Rentner
|retired person
|-
|Rheuma
|rheumatism
|-
|Richter
|judge
|-
|Rodel
|register
|-
|Röseler
|whitewasher
|-
|Rössler
|horseman; tanner
|-
|römisch katholisch
|Roman Catholic
|-
|Röt
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|Rotgerber
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|Ruhestand
|retirement
|-
|Ruhr
|dysentery
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|S. = Seite
|page
|-
|s. = siehe
|see the following reference
|-
|Sachsen
|Saxony
|-
|Sackhuhn
|sailmaker
|-
|Säger
|sawyer
|-
|Salbung
|anointing
|-
|Salzmesser
|a salt weigher
|-
|Salzvogt
|salt works overseer
|-
|Samstag
|Saturday
|-
|Sarkhauer
|stonemason
|-
|Satertag
|Saturday
|-
|Sattler
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|Schacherer
|peddler
|-
|Schäfer
|shepherd
|-
|Schaffer
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
|cooper
|-
|Schaffmann
|worker
|-
|Schaffner
|conductor
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|Schalck, Schall
|servant
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|scarlet fever
|-
|Schänker / Schenker
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|Scharnemann
|merchant in a market
|-
|Scharrmacher
|wagon builder
|-
|Scharwerker
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
|tax assessor
|-
|Schatzmann
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|Schatzmeister
|treasurer
|-
|Scheibenreisser
|glazier
|-
|Scheibler
|salt carrier
|-
|Scheiding
|September
|-
|Scheidler
|knife-blade maker
|-
|Scheidung
|divorce
|-
|Schein
|certificate
|-
|Schenkungen
|donations
|-
|Scherer
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|Schichtmeister
|mine paymaster
|-
|Schiffbauer
|shipbuilder
|-
|Schiffer
|shipper; seaman
|-
|Schiffmann
|sailor
|-
|Schiffsmakler
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|Schilderer
|sign painter
|-
|Schindeldecker
|roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|Schindelmacher
|shingle maker
|-
|Schinner
|renderer, skinner
|-
|Schirmmacher
|umbrella maker
|-
|Schirrmacher
|wagon maker
|-
|Schirrmeister
|master wagon maker
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtmann
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtwanter
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|Schlafbaas
|innkeeper
|-
|Schlaganfall
|stroke, seizure
|-
|Schlagfluß
|stroke
|-
|Schlieper
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|Schösser
|tax collector
|-
|Schotte
|peddler
|-
|Schottler
|turner; key maker
|-
|Schottilier
|turner; carpenter
|-
|Schreiber
|scribe, clerk
|-
|-
| Schatter, Schattmann
|Schreiner
| tax assessor
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|-
| Schatzmann
|Schriftsetzer
| moneychanger; treasurer
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|-
| Schatzmeister
|Schroder, Schröder
| treasurer
|tailor
|-
|-
| Scheibenreisser
|Schröer
| glazier
|tailor
|-
|-
| Scheibler
|Schröter
| salt carrier
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|-
| Scheiding
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
| September
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Scheidler
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
| knife-blade maker
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Scheidung
|Schuhmacher
| divorce
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
| Schein
|Schule
| certificate
|school
|-
|-
| Schenkungen
|Schullehrer
| donations
|schoolteacher
|-
|-
| Scherer
|Schultheiß, Schulze
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|-
| Schichtmeister
|Schüssler
| mine paymaster
|bowl maker
|-
|-
| Schiffbauer
|Schuster
| shipbuilder
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
| Schiffer
|Schutzmann
| shipper; seaman
|policeman
|-
|-
| Schiffmann
|Schuwarte
| sailor
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Schiffsmakler
|Schwäche
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|weakness
|-
|-
| Schilderer
|Schwager
| sign painter
|brother-in-law
|-
|-
| Schindeldecker
|Schwägerin
| roofer of shingle roofs
|sister-in-law
|-
|-
| Schindelmacher
|Schwaiger
| shingle maker
|shepherd
|-
|-
| Schinner
|schwanger
| renderer, skinner
|pregnant
|-
|-
| Schirmmacher
|schwarz
| umbrella maker
|black
|-
|-
| Schirrmacher
|schwarzer Tod
| wagon maker
|black death; plague
|-
|-
| Schirrmeister
|Schwarzgiesser
| master wagon maker
|iron smelter
|-
|-
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
| butcher
|pigherd
|-
|-
| Schlachtmann
|Schweisser
| butcher
|welder
|-
|-
| Schlachtwanter
|Schweiz
| clothing wholesaler
|Switzerland
|-
|-
| Schlafbaas
|Schweizer
| innkeeper
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|-
| Schlaganfall
|Schwendimann
| stroke, seizure
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|-
| Schlagfluß
|Schwerdtfeger
| stroke
|armorer
|-
|-
| Schlieper
|Schwester
| knifemaker; cutler
|sister
|-
|-
| Schlieter
|Schwiegermutter
| merchant
|mother-in-law
|-
|-
| Schloß
|Schwiegersohn
| castle
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Schlosser
|Schwiegertochter
| locksmith
|daughter-in-law
|-
|-
| Schlotfeger
|Schwiegervater
| chimneysweep
|father-in-law
|-
|-
| Schlotthauer
|Schwindsucht
| locksmith
|consumption
|-
|-
| Schmied
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
| smith
|son of
|-
|-
| Schneider
|sechs
| tailor
|six
|-
|-
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|sechste
| woodcarver
|sixth
|-
|-
| Schopper
|sechsundzwanzig
| ship's carpenter
|twenty-six
|-
|-
| Schornsteinfeger
|sechsundzwanzigste
| chimneysweep
|twenty-sixth
|-
|-
| Schosserheber
|sechzehnhundert
| tax collector
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Schösser
|sechzehn
| tax collector
|sixteen
|-
|-
| Schotte
|sechzehnte
| peddler
|sixteenth
|-
|-
| Schottler
|sechzig
| turner; key maker
|sixty
|-
|-
| Schottilier
|sechzigste
| turner; carpenter
|sixtieth
|-
|-
| Schreiber
|See
| scribe, clerk
|lake
|-
|-
| Schreiner
|Seelen
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|souls
|-
|-
| Schriftsetzer
|Seelenregister
| typesetter
|church membership list
|-
|-
| Schroder, Schröder
|Seelsorger
| tailor
|minister, chaplain
|-
|-
| Schröer
|Seemann
| tailor
|sailor
|-
|-
| Schröter
|Segner
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|fisherman
|-
|-
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|Seifensieder
| shoemaker
|soap maker
|-
|-
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Seigner
| shoemaker
|fisherman
|-
|-
| Schuhmacher
|Seiler
| shoemaker, cobbler
|rope maker
|-
|-
| Schule
|sein
| school
|to be; his
|-
|-
| Schullehrer
|seit
| schoolteacher
|since
|-
|-
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
| village mayor, head of town council
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|-
| Schüssler
|Seite
| bowl maker
|page
|-
|-
| Schuster
|Seitenstechen
| shoemaker, cobbler
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|-
| Schuwarte
|selige
| shoemaker
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|-
| Schwäche
|September
| weakness
|September
|-
|-
| Schwager
|Sibber
| brother-in-law
|sieve maker
|-
|-
| Schwägerin
|Sibmacher
| sister-in-law
|sieve maker
|-
|-
| Schwaiger
|sich
| shepherd
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|-
| schwanger
|sie
| pregnant
|she, they
|-
|-
| schwarz
|Sie
| black
|you
|-
|-
| schwarzer Tod
|sieben
| black death; plague
|seven
|-
|-
| Schwarzgiesser
|siebente
| iron smelter
|seventh
|-
|-
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|siebenundzwanzigste
| pigherd
|twenty-seventh
|-
|-
| Schweisser
|siebte
| welder
|seventh
|-
|-
| Schweiz
|siebzehn
| Switzerland
|seventeen
|-
|-
| Schweizer
|siebzehnhundert
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Schwendimann
|siebzehnte
| settler on recently burned woodland
|seventeenth
|-
|-
| Schwerdtfeger
|siebzig
| armorer
|seventy
|-
|-
| Schwester
|siebzigste
| sister
|seventieth
|-
|-
| Schwiegermutter
|Sieder
| mother-in-law
|soap maker
|-
|-
| Schwiegersohn
|Siedler
| son-in-law
|settler
|-
|-
| Schwiegertochter
|siehe
| daughter-in-law
|see
|-
|-
| Schwiegervater
|Sigrist
| father-in-law
|sexton
|-
|-
| Schwindsucht
|sind
| consumption
|are
|-
|-
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|so
| son of
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|-
| sechs
|Sohn
| six
|son
|-
|-
| sechste
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
| sixth
|young son
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig
|Soldat
| twenty-six
|soldier
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzigste
|Sölde
| twenty-sixth
|plot of land
|-
|-
| sechzehnhundert
|Söldner
| sixteen hundred
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|-
| sechzehn
|sollen
| sixteen
|should
|-
|-
| sechzehnte
|Sonnabend
| sixteenth
|Saturday
|-
|-
| sechzig
|Sonntag
| sixty
|Sunday
|-
|-
| sechzigste
|spät
| sixtieth
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| See
|Spengler
| lake
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|-
| Seelen
|spur. = spurius, spuria
| souls
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Seelenregister
|Staat
| church membership list
|state
|-
|-
| Seelsorger
|Staatsangehörigkeit
| minister, chaplain
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|-
| Seemann
|Staatsarchiv
| sailor
|state archives
|-
|-
| Segner
|Stadt
| fisherman
|city
|-
|-
| Seifensieder
|Stammbaum
| soap maker
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|-
| Seigner
|Stand
| fisherman
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|-
| Seiler
|Standesamt
| rope maker
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|-
| sein
|starb
| to be; his
|died
|-
|-
| seit
|Steinhauer
| since
|stonecutter
|-
|-
| Seite
|Steinmetz
| page
|stonemason
|-
|-
| selige
|stellen
| (the) late, blessed
|place, put, impose
|-
|-
| September
|Stellmacher
| September
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|-
| Sibber
|Sterbefälle
| sieve maker
|deaths
|-
|-
| Sibmacher
|sterben
| sieve maker
|to die
|-
|-
| sich
|Steuer
| himself, herself, itself
|tax
|-
|-
| sie
|Stickfluß
| she, they
|asthma
|-
|-
| Sie
|Stiefbruder
| you
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|-
| sieben
|Stiefkind
| seven
|stepchild
|-
|-
| siebente
|Stiefmutter
| seventh
|stepmother
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzigste
|Stiefschwester
| twenty-seventh
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|-
| siebte
|Stiefvater
| seventh
|stepfather
|-
|-
| siebzehn
|Stillgeburt
| seventeen
|stillbirth
|-
|-
| siebzehnhundert
|Straße
| seventeen hundred
|street
|-
|-
| siebzehnte
|Stunde
| seventeenth
|hour
|-
|-
| siebzig
|Sucht
| seventy
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|-
| siebzigste
|Süden
| seventieth
|south
|-
|-
| Sieder
|S.v. = Sohn von
| soap maker
|son of
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===T===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| siehe
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| see
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Sigrist
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
| sexton
|daughter of
|-
|-
| sind
|T.v. = Tochter von
| are
|daughter of
|-
|-
| so
|Tabelle
| as, so, thus, such
|index, table
|-
|-
| Sohn
|Tag
| son
|day
|-
|-
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
| young son
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Soldat
|Tagner
| soldier
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Söldner
|Tal, Thal
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|valley
|-
|-
| sollen
|Tante
| should
|aunt
|-
|-
| Sonnabend
|Tapazier
| Saturday
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|-
| Sonntag
|Tapeten
| Sunday
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|-
| spät
|Tapezierer
| late (p.m.)
|Upholsterer
|-
|-
| Spengler
|Tapezierergehilfe
| plumber; tinsmith
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|Tapezierergehilfin
| illegitimate
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| Staat
|Tapeziermeister
| state
|Master upholsterer
|-
|-
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|Taufe
| citizenship, nationality
|baptism
|-
|-
| Staatsarchiv
|taufen
| state archives
|to baptize
|-
|-
| Stadt
|Taufpaten
| city
|godparents
|-
|-
| Stammbaum
|Taufschein
| family tree, pedigree
|baptismal certificate
|-
|-
| Stand
|tausend
| occupation, status, condition
|thousand
|-
|-
| Standesamt
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
| civil registrar’s office
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|-
| starb
|Testament
| died
|will
|-
|-
| Steinhauer
|Tischler
| stonecutter
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
| Steinmetz
|Tochter
| stonemason
|daughter
|-
|-
| stellen
|Töchterchen
| place, put, impose
|young daughter
|-
|-
| Stellmacher
|Töchterlein
| wheelwright
|young daughter
|-
|-
| Sterbefälle
|Tochtermann
| deaths
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| sterben
|Tod
| to die
|death
|-
|-
| Steuer
|Todesart
| tax
|manner of death
|-
|-
| Stickfluß
|Töpfer
| asthma
|potter
|-
|-
| Stiefbruder
|tot
| half brother, stepbrother
|dead
|-
|-
| Stiefkind
|Totengräber
| stepchild
|grave digger
|-
|-
| Stiefmutter
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
| stepmother
|stillborn
|-
|-
| Stiefschwester
|Trauung
| half sister, stepsister
|marriage
|-
|-
| Stiefvater
|Trennung
| stepfather
|separation, divorce
|-
|-
| Stillgeburt
|tschechisch
| stillbirth
|Czech
|-
|-
| Straße
|Tschechoslowakai
| street
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|-
| Stunde
|Tschismenmacher
| hour
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|-
| Sucht
|Tuberkulose
| sickness, mania, rage
|tuberculosis
|-
|-
| Süden
|Tuchbereiter
| south
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|-
| S.v. = Sohn von
|Tuchmacher
| son of
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|Tumor
|tumor
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===U===


==== T  ====
über


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| daughter of
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| T.v. = Tochter von
|u.d. = und des, und der
| daughter of
|and of
|-
|-
| Tabelle
|über
| index, table
|about, concerning, over
|-
|-
| Tag
|überleben
| day
|survive
|-
|-
| Tagelöhner
|Uhr
| day laborer
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|-
| Tagner
|um
| day laborer
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|-
| Tal, Thal
|unbekannt
| valley
|unknown
|-
|-
| Tante
|und
| aunt
|and
|-
|-
| Tapazier
|und der
| (wall)paper hanger
|and of
|-
|-
| Taufe
|und des
| baptism
|and of
|-
|-
| taufen
|unehelich
| to baptize
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Taufpaten
|ungarisch
| godparents
|Hungarian
|-
|-
| Taufschein
|Ungarn
| baptismal certificate
|Hungary
|-
|-
| tausend
|ungefähr
| thousand
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|-
| Testament
|uns
| will
|us
|-
|-
| Tischler
|unter
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|under, lower
|-
|-
| Tochter
|Unterleib
| daughter
|abdomen
|-
|-
| Töchterchen
|Unterleibsentzündung
| young daughter
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|-
| Töchterlein
|Unterleibstyphus
| young daughter
|typhoid fever
|-
|-
| Tochtermann
|Unterleibsverhärtung
| son-in-law
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|-
| Tod
|Unterrichter
| death
|judge
|-
|-
| Todesart
|Unterschrieben
| manner of death
|signed
|-
|-
| Töpfer
|Unterschrift
| potter
|signature
|-
|-
| tot
|Unterzeichnete
| dead
|the undersigned
|-
|-
| Totengräber
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
| grave digger
|unmarried
|-
|-
| totgeboren
|unzeitiges Kind
| stillborn
|premature child
|-
|-
| Trauung
|Urenkelkind
| marriage
|great-grandchild
|-
|-
| Trennung
|Urgroßmutter
| separation, divorce
|great-grandmother
|-
|-
| tschechisch
|Urgroßvater
| Czech
|great-grandfather
|-
|-
| Tschechoslowakai
|Urkunde
| Czechoslovakia
|record, document
|-
|-
| Tuberkulose
|Ururgroßmutter
| tuberculosis
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|-
| Tuchmacher
|Ururgroßvater
| cloth maker, draper
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|-
| Tumor
|ux. = uxor
| tumor
|wife
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== U  ====
===V===


über
{| width="100%" border="1"
 
|-
{| border="1" width="100%"
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Vater
| '''English'''
|father
|-
|-
| u.d. = und des, und der
|verehelicht
| and of
|married
|-
|-
| über
|Verehelichung
| about, concerning, over
|marriage
|-
|-
| überleben
|vergangen
| survive
|past
|-
|-
| Uhr
|vergraben
| o’clock, clock, watch
|buried
|-
|-
| um
|verh. = verheiratet
| at, about, around, concerning
|married
|-
|-
| unbekannt
|Verkäufer
| unknown
|seller, vendor
|-
|-
| und
|verl. = verlobt
| and
|engaged
|-
|-
| und der
|verlebte
| and of
|deceased
|-
|-
| und des
|verloben, sich
| and of
|to become engaged
|-
|-
| unehelich
|Verlobte
| illegitimate
|fiancée
|-
|-
| ungarisch
|Verlobter
| Hungarian
|fiancé
|-
|-
| Ungarn
|Verlobung
| Hungary
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| ungefähr
|Vermieter
| about, circa, approximately
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| uns
|Vermögen
| us
|estate, assets
|-
|-
| unter
|Verpächter
| under, lower
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| Unterleib
|verrichtet
| abdomen
|performed
|-
|-
| Unterleibsentzündung
|verschiedene
| abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|various
|-
|-
| Unterleibstyphus
|versehen
| typhoid fever
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|-
| Unterleibsverhärtung
|Verstopfung
| abdomenal hardening
|constipation
|-
|-
| Unterrichter
|verstorben
| judge
|deceased, defunct
|-
|-
| Unterschrieben
|Verstorbene
| signed
|the deceased
|-
|-
| Unterschrift
|Verwaltung
| signature
|administration
|-
|-
| Unterzeichnete
|Verwandten
| the undersigned
|relatives
|-
|-
| unverheiratet
|Verwandtschaft
| unmarried
|relationship
|-
|-
| Urenkelkind
|verwitwet
| great-grandchild
|widowed
|-
|-
| Urgroßmutter
|Verzeichnis
| great-grandmother
|register, list, index
|-
|-
| Urgroßvater
|Vetter
| great-grandfather
|male cousin
|-
|-
| Urkunde
|vid. = viduus, vidua
| record, document
|widower, widow
|-
|-
| Ururgroßmutter
|vielleicht
| great-great-grandmother
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|-
| Ururgroßvater
|vier
| great-great-grandfather
|four
|-
|-
| ux. = uxor
|vierte
| wife
|fourth
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== V  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|vierundzwanzigste
| '''English'''
|twenty-fourth
|-
|-
| Vater
|vierzehn
| father
|fourteen
|-
|-
| verehelicht
|vierzehnte
| married
|fourteenth
|-
|-
| Verehelichung
|vierzig
| marriage
|forty
|-
|-
| vergangen
|vierzigste
| past
|fortieth
|-
|-
| vergraben
|Vogt
| buried
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| verh. = verheiratet
|Voigt
| married
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| Verkäufer
|Volkszählung
| seller, vendor
|census
|-
|-
| verl. = verlobt
|volljährig
| engaged
|of age, of legal age
|-
|-
| verlebte
|vollzogen
| deceased
|performed
|-
|-
| verloben, sich
|von
| to become engaged
|of, from, by
|-
|-
| Verlobte
|vor
| fiancée
|before; ago
|-
|-
| Verlobter
|vorgestern
| fiancé
|the day before yesterday
|-
|-
| Verlobung
|vorherig
| betrothal, engagement
|previous, preceding
|-
|-
| Vermieter
|vorheriger Tag
| landlord, lessor
|the previous day
|-
|-
| Vermögen
|vorläufig
| estate, assets
|for the time being
|-
|-
| Verpächter
|vormals
| landlord, lessor
|formerly
|-
|-
| verrichtet
|Vormittags
| performed
|in the morning
|-
|-
| verschiedene
|Vormund
| various
|guardian
|-
|-
| versehen
|Vorname
| given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|given name
|-
|-
| Verstopfung
|Vorstadt
| constipation
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===W===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| verstorben
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| deceased, defunct
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Verstorbene
|Wagner
| the deceased
|cartwright
|-
|-
| Verwaltung
|Waise
| administration
|orphan
|-
|-
| Verwandten
|Wald
| relatives
|forest, woods
|-
|-
| Verwandtschaft
|wann
| relationship
|when
|-
|-
| verwitwet
|Wappen
| widowed
|coat of arms
|-
|-
| Verzeichnis
|Wappenkunde
| register, list, index
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Vetter
|war
| male cousin
|was
|-
|-
| vid. = viduus, vidua
|waren
| widower, widow
|were
|-
|-
| vielleicht
|warum
| perhaps, maybe
|why
|-
|-
| vier
|was
| four
|what
|-
|-
| vierte
|Wassersucht
| fourth
|dropsy, edema
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzigste
|Weber
| twenty-fourth
|weaver
|-
|-
| vierzehn
|Weduwe
| fourteen
|widow
|-
|-
| vierzehnte
|wegen
| fourteenth
|because of
|-
|-
| vierzig
|Wehmutter
| forty
|midwife
|-
|-
| vierzigste
|Weib
| fortieth
|wife, woman
|-
|-
| Vogt
|weiblich
| steward, overseer
|female
|-
|-
| Voigt
|weil. = weiland
| steward, overseer
|deceased
|-
|-
| Volkszählung
|weiland
| census
|deceased
|-
|-
| volljährig
|Weiland
| of age, of legal age
|the deceased
|-
|-
| vollzogen
|Weiler
| performed
|hamlet
|-
|-
| von
|weiß
| of, from, by
|white
|-
|-
| vor
|Weißgerber
| before; ago
|tanner
|-
|-
| vorherig
|welche
| previous, preceding
|which
|-
|-
| vorheriger Tag
|Weltpriester
| the previous day
|a secular priest
|-
|-
| vorläufig
|wer
| for the time being
|who
|-
|-
| vormals
|werden
| formerly
|to become
|-
|-
| Vormittags
|West
| in the morning
|west
|-
|-
| Vormund
|weyland
| guardian
|deceased
|-
|-
| Vorname
|wie
| given name
|how
|-
|-
| Vorstadt
|Wiedertäufer
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|Anabaptist
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== W  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Wagner
| cartwright
|-
| Waise
| orphan
|-
| Wald
| forest, woods
|-
| wann
| when
|-
| Wappen
| coat of arms
|-
| Wappenkunde
| heraldry
|-
| war
| was
|-
| waren
| were
|-
| warum
| why
|-
| was
| what
|-
| Wassersucht
| dropsy, edema
|-
| Weber
| weaver
|-
| Weduwe
| widow
|-
| wegen
| because of
|-
| Wehmutter
| midwife
|-
| Weib
| wife, woman
|-
| weiblich
| female
|-
| weil. = weiland
| deceased
|-
| weiland
| deceased
|-
| Weiland
| the deceased
|-
|-
| Weiler
|Windpocken
| hamlet
|chicken pox
|-
|-
| weiß
|Wintermonat
| white
|November
|-
|-
| Weißgerber
|Wirt
| tanner
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|-
| welche
|Wittib
| which
|widow
|-
|-
| wer
|Wittiber
| who
|widower
|-
|-
| werden
|Witwer
| to become
|widower
|-
|-
| West
|wo
| west
|where
|-
|-
| weyland
|Woche
| deceased
|week
|-
|-
| wie
|Wochenbett
| how
|childbed
|-
|-
| Windpocken
|Wöchnerin
| chicken pox
|woman in childbed
|-
|-
| Wintermonat
|woher
| November
|from where
|-
|-
| Wirt
|wohnen
| innkeeper
|to live, residing
|-
|-
| Wittib
|Wohnort
| widow
|place of residence
|-
|-
| Wittiber
|Wohnplatz
| widower
|place of residence
|-
|-
| Witwer
|Wohnung
| widower
|domicile, residence
|-
|-
| wo
|wollen
| where
|to want
|-
|-
| Woche
|Wonnemonat
| week
|May
|-
|-
| Wochenbett
|Wörterbuch
| childbed
|dictionary
|-
|-
| woher
|wurde geboren
| from where
|was born
|-
|-
| wohnen
|wurde getauft
| to live, residing
|was baptized
|-
|-
| Wohnort
|würdig
| place of residence
|worthy
|-
|-
| Wohnplatz
|Wwe. = Witwe
| place of residence
|widow
|-
|-
| Wohnung
|Wwer. = Witwer
| domicile, residence
|widower
|-
| wollen
| to want
|-
| Wonnemonat
| May
|-
| Wörterbuch
| dictionary
|-
| wurde geboren
| was born
|-
| wurde getauft
| was baptized
|-
| würdig
| worthy
|-
| Wwe. = Witwe
| widow
|-
| Wwer. = Witwer  
| widower
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== X ====
===X===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris  
|Xber, Xbris
| December
|December
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


==== Z ====
===Z===


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Zähnen, Zähnung
| '''English'''
|teething
|-
|-
| zählen
|zehn
| to count
|ten
|-
|-
| Zahnkrämpfe
|Zehnt(en)buch
| teething
|tithing book
|-
|-
| Zahnung
|zehnte
| teething
|tenth
|-
|-
| zehn
|Zehnten
| ten
|tithes
|-
|-
| Zehnt(en)buch
|zehrendes Fieber
| tithing book
|consumptive fever
|-
|-
| zehnte
|Zehrung
| tenth
|consumption
|-
|-
| Zehnten
|Zeit
| tithes
|time
|-
|-
| zehrendes Fieber
|Zentner
| consumptive fever
|hundredweight
|-
|-
| Zehrung
|Zeuge
| consuption
|witness
|-
|-
| Zeit
|Ziegler
| time
|brick maker
|-
|-
| Zeuge
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
| witness
|foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|-
| Ziegler
|Zimmermann
| brick maker
|Carpenter
|-
|-
| Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|Zivilstandsamt
| foster mother, son, daughter
|civil registrar's office
|-
|-
| Zimmermann
|Zöllner
| Carpenter
|publican, tax collector
|-
|-
| Zivilstandsamt
|zu Hause
| civil registrar's office
|at home
|-
|-
| Zöllner
|Zukunft
| publican, tax collector
|future
|-
|-
| zu Hause
|Zuname
| at home
|surname, last name
|-
|-
| Zukunft
|zusammen
| future
|together
|-
|-
| Zuname
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
| surname, last name
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|-
| zusammen
|Zuständigkeitsort
| together
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
| zwanzig  
|zwanzig
| twenty
|twenty
|-
|-
| zwanzigte  
|zwanzigte
| twentieth
|twentieth
|-
|-
| zwei  
|zwei
| two
|two
|-
|-
| zweihundert  
|zweihundert
| two hundred
|two hundred
|-
|-
| zwei tausend  
|zwei tausend
| two thousand
|two thousand
|-
|-
| zweite  
|zweite
| second
|second
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|zweiundzwanzigste
| twenty-second
|twenty-second
|-
|-
| Zwilling(e)  
|Zwilling(e)
| twin, twins
|twin, twins
|-
|-
| zwischen  
|zwischen
| between
|between
|-
|-
| zwölf  
|zwölf
| twelve
|twelve
|-
|-
| Zwölfer  
|Zwölfer
| member of a council
|member of a council
|-
|-
| zwölfte  
|zwölfte
| twelfth
|twelfth
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

Retrieved from "https://integration-ru.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/889286...6144946"