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==Introduction==
==Introduction==


This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de].Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


==Language Characteristics==
==Language Characteristics==


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.  
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.  


==='''Variant Forms of Words'''===
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  


===Dialects===
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups, Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north-east. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum.   
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum.   


High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


==Diacritic Marks==
==Diacritic Marks==


German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters&nbsp;I (i) and Ü (ü).  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
Line 71: Line 71:
|ß
|ß
|Alt + 225
|Alt + 225
|&nbsp;
|  
|&nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
|Ÿ
|Ÿ
Line 87: Line 87:
==Spelling==
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b
*p used for b
Line 114: Line 114:


*n transcribed u or w
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
Line 120: Line 121:
== Transliteration ==
== Transliteration ==


Within a given language transliteration is seen especially in personal names, a result of migration and geographically near other languages.  The German letters s and z are notably affected.
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages.  The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.


* German s = Hungarian sz
* German s = Hungarian sz
Line 128: Line 129:
==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
Line 144: Line 145:
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.


*[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-german-documents-pages/the-german-documents(english) BYU Script German Tutorials]
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]


For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].
Line 294: Line 295:
|-
|-
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|&nbsp;
|  
|'''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
|Sunday
|Sunday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Sonntag
|Sonntag
|-
|-
|Monday
|Monday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Montag
|Montag
|-
|-
|Tuesday
|Tuesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Dienstag
|Dienstag
|-
|-
|Wednesday
|Wednesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Mittwoch
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
|Thursday
|Thursday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Donnerstag
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
|Friday
|Friday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
|Saturday
|Saturday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
|}
Line 384: Line 385:
|mitternachts
|mitternachts
|at midnight
|at midnight
|-
|Diesen tag
|this (very) day, today
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 394: Line 398:


==Occupations==
==Occupations==
 
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.


==Medical Terminology==
==Medical Terminology==
 
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms


Line 900: Line 904:
|-
|-
|Exner
|Exner
|poorer framer who used oxen
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
|Feuerstättler
|Feuerstättler
Line 1,044: Line 1,048:
|-
|-
|Söldner
|Söldner
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
|Strassenkötter
|Strassenkötter
Line 1,120: Line 1,124:
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|surface mine(s)
|surface mine(s)
|-
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
|Abt. = Abteilung
|Abt. = Abteilung
Line 1,127: Line 1,134:
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
|A.G. = Amtsgericht  
|lower court, county court
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
|Anh. = Anhalt
|Anh. = Anhalt
Line 1,285: Line 1,292:
|Anspänner
|Anspänner
|farmer
|farmer
|-
|Anzeigender
|informant
|-
|-
|apostolisch
|apostolisch
Line 1,294: Line 1,304:
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
|laborer, worker
|laborer, worker
|-
|Arbeitsbuch
|employment record book
|-
|-
|Archiv
|Archiv
Line 1,458: Line 1,471:
|Bekehrung
|Bekehrung
|conversion
|conversion
|-
|Beklagter(in)
|defendant
|-
|-
|Belege
|Belege
Line 1,572: Line 1,588:
|Bürgermeister
|Bürgermeister
|mayor
|mayor
|-
|Büroangestellte
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
|Bursch, Pursch
|Bursch, Pursch
Line 1,685: Line 1,704:
|Dienstag
|Dienstag
|Tuesday
|Tuesday
|-
|Dienstbotin
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
|Dienstmagd
|Dienstmagd
Line 1,694: Line 1,716:
|dimittiert, dimittirt
|dimittiert, dimittirt
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|Dispensation(en)
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
|Distrikt
|Distrikt
Line 1,700: Line 1,725:
|Domäne
|Domäne
|domain
|domain
|-
|Dominikalist
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
|Donnerstag
|Donnerstag
Line 1,755: Line 1,783:
|ehrngeachte
|ehrngeachte
|honorable
|honorable
|-
|einkindschaften
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
Line 1,827: Line 1,858:
|Einbürgerung
|Einbürgerung
|naturalization
|naturalization
|-
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Einlieger
|Einlieger
Line 1,944: Line 1,978:
|erstgeboren
|erstgeboren
|firstborn
|firstborn
|-
|Erstkommunikant
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
|ertrank, ertrunken
|ertrank, ertrunken
Line 1,975: Line 2,012:
|Fabrikant
|Fabrikant
|manufacturer
|manufacturer
|-
|Fabrikarbeiter
|factory worker
|-
|-
|Fallkind
|Fallkind
|illegitimate child
|illegitimate childen
|-
|Familiant
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
|Familie
|Familie
Line 2,112: Line 2,155:
|-
|-
|Fuhrmann
|Fuhrmann
|waggoner
|wagoner
|-
|-
|fünfte
|fünfte
Line 2,255: Line 2,298:
|Genealogie
|Genealogie
|genealogy
|genealogy
|-
|genesen
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
|Gerber
|Gerber
Line 2,345: Line 2,391:
|Gilde
|Gilde
|guild
|guild
|-
|Glaser
|glazier
|-
|Glasermeister
|master glazier
|-
|-
|Glaube
|Glaube
Line 2,427: Line 2,479:
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|manor, estate, domain
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
Line 2,491: Line 2,546:
|home, native place, homeland
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
|Heimatschein
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
|domicile or residency certificate
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
Line 2,538: Line 2,593:
|Herrschaft
|Herrschaft
|estate, dominion
|estate, dominion
|-
|herrschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
|Herzog
|Herzog
Line 2,565: Line 2,623:
|hiesiger Ort
|hiesiger Ort
|this place
|this place
|-
|Hilfsbahnwärter
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
|Hinterbliebene
|Hinterbliebene
Line 2,592: Line 2,653:
|Holländer
|Holländer
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|Hollandgänger
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
|Hornung
|Hornung
Line 2,647: Line 2,711:
|Innung
|Innung
|guild
|guild
|-
|Inspektor
|inspector
|-
|-
|Instmann
|Instmann
Line 2,653: Line 2,720:
|ist
|ist
|is
|is
|-
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
|now
|}
|}


Line 2,729: Line 2,799:
|Jüngling
|Jüngling
|bachelor, young man
|bachelor, young man
|-
|jüngsthin
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
|Juni
|Juni
Line 2,769: Line 2,842:
|Kartei
|Kartei
|card index
|card index
|-
|Kassierer
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
Line 2,838: Line 2,914:
|Kirchenvorsteher
|Kirchenvorsteher
|churchwarden
|churchwarden
|-
|Kirchhöre
|church parish
|-
|-
|kirchlich
|kirchlich
Line 2,847: Line 2,926:
|Kirchspiel
|Kirchspiel
|parish
|parish
|-
|Kläger(in), Klr.
|plaintiff
|-
|-
|klein
|klein
Line 2,856: Line 2,938:
|Knecht
|Knecht
|servant
|servant
|-
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
|cottager
|-
|-
|Kolonist
|Kolonist
Line 2,868: Line 2,953:
|Konfirmation
|Konfirmation
|confirmation
|confirmation
|-
|Konditormeister
|master cake-maker
|-
|Konfitenten
|confessants
|-
|-
|König
|König
Line 2,904: Line 2,995:
|Krankheit
|Krankheit
|disease, sickness
|disease, sickness
|-
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
|Krebs
|Krebs
Line 2,931: Line 3,031:
|Kusine
|Kusine
|female cousin
|female cousin
|-
|Küster
|sexton
|-
|-
|Kutscher
|Kutscher
Line 3,001: Line 3,104:
|links
|links
|left
|left
|-
|Lippische Ziegler
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|lohgerbermeister
|master tanner
|-
|-
|Lungenentzündung
|Lungenentzündung
Line 3,012: Line 3,121:
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===M===
===M===
Line 3,020: Line 3,129:
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
|Mädchen
|Mädchen
Line 3,044: Line 3,156:
|männlich
|männlich
|male
|male
|-
|mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
Line 3,059: Line 3,174:
|Matrikel
|Matrikel
|register
|register
|-
|Matrose
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|-
|Maurer
|Maurer
Line 3,072: Line 3,190:
|Mennonites
|Mennonites
|-
|-
|Metzger
|Messerschmied
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
|butcher
|butcher
|-
|-
Line 3,122: Line 3,243:
|Mühle
|Mühle
|mill
|mill
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
|mill owner
|-
|-
|Mühlenpächter
|Mühlenpächter
Line 3,180: Line 3,304:
|Name
|Name
|name
|name
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
|nat. = natus, nata
Line 3,195: Line 3,322:
|Neffe
|Neffe
|nephew
|nephew
|-
|nemlich
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|-
|Nervenfieber
|Nervenfieber
|nervous fever
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|-
|neu
|neu
Line 3,272: Line 3,402:
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===O===
===O===
Line 3,292: Line 3,422:
|Oberamt
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|-
|oder
|oder
Line 3,302: Line 3,435:
|often
|often
|-
|-
|Oheim
|Oheim, Ohm
|uncle
|maternal uncle
|-
|-
|ohne
|ohne
Line 3,380: Line 3,513:
|Pfarrer
|Pfarrer
|parish minister, pastor
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|Pfarrverweser
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|-
|Pfingsten
|Pfingsten
Line 3,392: Line 3,528:
|Pflegetochter
|Pflegetochter
|foster daughter
|foster daughter
|-
|Pfleggericht
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|Plätterin
|ironer
|-
|-
|Platz
|Platz
Line 3,441: Line 3,583:
|Räbbe
|Räbbe
|rabies
|rabies
|-
|Rabbiner
|rabbi
|-
|-
|Räcke
|Räcke
Line 3,528: Line 3,673:
|Rotgerber
|Rotgerber
|red tanner
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|-
|Ruhestand
|Ruhestand
Line 3,772: Line 3,920:
|-
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|Schriftsetzer
|typesetter
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|Schroder, Schröder
Line 3,806: Line 3,954:
|Schuster
|Schuster
|shoemaker, cobbler
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schutzmann
|policeman
|-
|-
|Schuwarte
|Schuwarte
Line 4,016: Line 4,167:
|Soldat
|Soldat
|soldier
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|-
|Söldner
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier; day laborer
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|-
|sollen
|sollen
Line 4,072: Line 4,226:
|-
|-
|Stellmacher
|Stellmacher
|wheelwright
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|-
|Sterbefälle
|Sterbefälle
Line 4,140: Line 4,294:
|day
|day
|-
|-
|Tagelöhner
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|day laborer
|-
|-
Line 4,184: Line 4,338:
|tausend
|tausend
|thousand
|thousand
|-
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|-
|Testament
|Testament
Line 4,329: Line 4,486:
|the undersigned
|the undersigned
|-
|-
|unverheiratet
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
|unmarried
|unmarried
|-
|-
Line 4,635: Line 4,792:
|-
|-
|Wirt
|Wirt
|innkeeper
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|-
|Wittib
|Wittib
Line 4,707: Line 4,864:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Xber,&nbsp;Xbris
|Xber, Xbris
|December
|December
|}
|}
Line 4,782: Line 4,939:
|zusammen
|zusammen
|together
|together
|-
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|Zuständigkeitsort
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
|zwanzig
|zwanzig
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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