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This list contains German words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
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==Introduction==


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


=== Language Characteristics  ===
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
==Language Characteristics==


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
 
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum. 


=== Diacritic Marks  ===
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).
==Diacritic Marks==


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the Family History Library catalog.  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.
 
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
|-
|-
| Ä  
|Ä
| Alt + 0196
|Alt + 142
| ä  
|ä
| Alt + 0228
|Alt + 132
|-
|-
| Ö  
|Ö
| Alt + 0214
|Alt + 153
| ö  
|ö
| Alt + 0246
|Alt + 148
|-
|-
| Ü  
|Ü
| Alt + 0220
|Alt + 154
| ü  
|ü
| Alt + 0252
|Alt + 129
|-
|-
| ß  
|ß
| Alt + 0223
|Alt + 225
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
| Ÿ  
|Ÿ
| Alt + 0159
|Alt + 376
| ÿ  
|ÿ
| Alt + 0225
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


=== Alphabetical Order ===
==Alphabetical Order==


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


=== Spelling ===
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b  
*p used for b
*a used for e  
*a used for e
*t used for d or dt  
*t used for d or dt
*s used for z  
*s used for z
*ck used for k  
*ck used for k
*y used for i or j  
*y used for i or j
*v used for w or f  
*v used for w or f
*k used for g  
*k used for g
*tz used for z  
*tz used for z
*ig used for isch or ich  
*ig used for isch or ich
*t used for th  
*t used for th
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag  
*Freytag for Freitag
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und


=== Additional Resources  ===
== Transcription ==


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages.  The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s
 
==Additional Resources==
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).
 
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).
 
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
 
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
 
*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.


*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. It can be searched online by clicking [http://germazope.uni-trier.de:8080/Projekte/DWB/ here] and selecting the link '''"Online-Wörterbuch aufschlagen." Note: This site is intermittently not available.'''
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


=== Key Words ===
==Key Words==


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
Line 110: Line 155:
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.  


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| '''English'''
|birth
| '''German'''
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
| birth
|burial
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
| burial
|Catholic
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|katholisch
|-
|-
| Catholic
|census
| katholisch
|Volkszählung
|-
|-
| child  
|child
| Kind, Kinder
|Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
| christening  
|christening
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
| confirmations  
|confirmations
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
| civil registry  
|civil registry
| Standesamt
|Standesamt
|-
|-
| death  
|death
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
| father  
|father
| Vater
|Vater
|-
|-
| husband  
|husband
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
| index  
|index
| Verzeichnis, Register
|Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
| Jewish  
|Jewish
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
| marriage banns  
|marriage banns
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
| marriage  
|marriage
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
| month  
|month
| Monat
|Monat
|-
|-
| mother  
|mother
| Mutter
|Mutter
|-
|-
| name, given  
|name, given
| Vorname, Name
|Vorname, Name
|-
|-
| name, surname  
|name, surname
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
| parents  
|parents
| Eltern
|Eltern
|-
|-
| parish  
|parish
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
| Protestant  
|Protestant
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
| Reformed  
|Reformed
| reformiert
|reformiert
|-
|-
| wife  
|wife
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|-
| year  
|year
| Jahr
|Jahr
|}
|}


=== General Word List  ===
==Dates/Time==


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.  
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:


==== A  ====
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].


ab from, since <br>Abbauer&nbsp;tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)<br>Abdecker&nbsp;skinner<br>Abend evening <br>Abendmahlgast&nbsp;communicant<br>abends in the evening <br>Abenteurer&nbsp;jeweler; adventurer<br>aber but <br>abgestorben deceased<br>Ablader longshoreman<br>Abnahmemann&nbsp;retired farmer on life estate<br>Abnehmer&nbsp;photographer<br>Abschiedsmann&nbsp; man retired on life estate<br>absterben to die, to die off <br>Abstreifer&nbsp;renderer;&nbsp;flayer<br>acht eight <br>achte eighth<br>Achter&nbsp; juryman<br>achtundzwanzigste twenty-eighth <br>achtzehn eighteen <br>achtzehnhundert eighteen hundred <br>achtzehnte eighteenth <br>achtzig eighty <br>achtzigste eightieth <br>Ackermann farmer <br>Adel gentry, nobleman <br>a.D. = außer Dienst formerly employed, retired <br>adoptiert adopted <br>Ahnen ancestors <br>Ahnentafel pedigree chart <br>Akten documents <br>alle all <br>allhier in this place <br>alt old <br>Altbürger full citizen <br>Alter age <br>Altersschwäche weakness of old age <br>ältest eldest <br>alt-katholisch old Catholic <br>Amman bailiff, magistrate <br>Amt office, district <br>Anbauer peasant <br>andere other, next <br>Angeber informant <br>angeblich alleged, assumed <br>Anmerkungen remarks <br>Anspänner farmer <br>apostolisch Apostolic <br>April April <br>Arbeiter laborer, worker <br>Archiv archive <br>arm poor <br>Armut poverty <br>Arzt physician <br>auch also, too <br>auf on, upon, at <br>aufbieten post banns <br>Aufenthaltserlaubnis residence permit <br>Aufenthaltsort residence <br>Aufgebot publication of banns <br>August August <br>aus from, out of <br>außen outside <br>äußere outside, outward, external <br>außerehelich illegitimate <br>Auswanderer emigrant <br>Auswanderung emigration <br>Auszehrung consumption or emaciation (especially from TB) <br>Auszug extract
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.


{| border="1" width="100%"
===Months===
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Auszug
| extract
|}


==== B  ====
{|
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| Bäcker
|January
| baker
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| Bad
|February
| spa, resort
|Februar, Hornung
|-
|-
| Badeort
|March
| spa, health resort
|März, Frühlingsmonat
|-
|-
| Band
|April
| volume
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
|-
|-
| Baptist
|May
| Baptist
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
|-
|-
| Baron
|June
| baron
|Juni, Brachmonat
|-
|-
| Bauer
|July
| farmer, peasant
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|-
|-
| Bayern
|August
| Bavaria
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
|-
|-
| Bd. = Band
|September
| volume
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
|-
|-
| Beamter
|October
| official, registrar
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
|-
|-
| Beck(er)
|November
| baker
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
|-
|-
| beerdigt
|December
| buried
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
|}
 
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
 
===Days of the Week===
 
{|
|-
|-
| Beerdigung
|'''English'''
| burial, interment
|  
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| beglaubigt
|Sunday
| certified, attested
|  
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| begraben
|Monday
| buried
|  
|Montag
|-
|-
| Begräbnis
|Tuesday
| burial
|  
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| Beichte
|Wednesday
| confession
|  
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| beide
|Thursday
| both
|  
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| Beilage
|Friday
| supplement
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| Bekannte(r)
|Saturday
| acquaintance
|  
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
 
See also:
 
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
 
<br>
 
===Times of the Day===
 
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
 
{|
|'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Bekehrung
|ein Uhr
| conversion
|one (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Belege
|zwei Uhr
| proof, documentation
|two (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Bemerkungen
|drei Uhr
| remarks
|three (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Berg
|halb eins
| hill, mountain
|half one = 12:30
|-
|-
| Bergmann
|halb zwei
| miner
|half two = 1:30
|-
|-
| Beruf
|halbe Stunde
| occupation, profession
|half hour
|-
|-
| Beschreibung
|Stunde
| description
|hour
|-
|-
| Besitzer
|früh
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| bestätigt
|spät
| confirmed, verified
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| bestattet
|morgens
| buried
|in the morning
|-
|-
| bettlägerig
|vormittags
| bedridden
|in the forenoon
|-
|-
| Bettler
|mittags
| beggar
|at noon
|-
|-
| Bevölkerungsregister
|nachmittags
| population register
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| bevorstehend
|abends
| previously mentioned
|in the evening
|-
|-
| Bezirk
|mitternachts
| district
|at midnight
|-
|-
| Biographie
|Diesen tag
| biography
|this (very) day, today
|-
|-
| Bischof
|}
| bishop
 
===Symbols===
 
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].
 
<br>
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Bistum
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| diocese
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
| Blattern
|1
| smallpox
|one
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
| blutend
|2
| bleeding
|two
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
| Blütenmonat
|3
| May
|three
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
| Blutsverwandschaft
|4
| blood relationship
|four
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
| Böhmen
|5
| Bohemia
|five
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
| Bootsmann
|6
| bargeman, boatman
|six
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
| Böttcher
|7
| cooper, barrel maker
|seven
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
| Brauer
|8
| brewer
|eight
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
| Bräune
|9
| diptheria
|nine
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
| Braut
|10
| bride
|ten
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
| Bräutigam
|11
| bridegroom
|eleven
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| Brücke
|12
| bridge
|twelve
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
| Bruder
|13
| brother
|thirteen
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
| Bub
|14
| boy
|fourteen
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
| Buch
|15
| book
|fifteen
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
| Büdner
|16
| cottager
|sixteen
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
| Burg
|17
| castle, fortress
|seventeen
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
| Bürger
|18
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|eighteen
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
| Bürgerbuch
|19
| citizen register
|nineteen
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
| Bürgermeister
|20
| mayor
|twenty
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
| Büttner
|21
| barrel maker
|twenty-one
|}
|einundzwanzig
 
|einundzwanzigste
==== C  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|22
| '''English'''
|twenty-two
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| ca. = circa
|23
| about
|twenty-three
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Chirug
|24
| surgeon
|twenty-four
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Christmonat
|25
| December
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Colonist
|26
| settler, tenant farmer
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| copulieren
|27
| to marry
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| cribrarius
|28
| sieve maker (Latin)
|twenty-eight
|}
|achtundzwanzig
 
|achtundzwanzigste
==== D  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| the
|-
|-
| Dachdecker
|29
| roofer
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| dänisch
|30
| Danish
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
| das
|31
| the
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| daselbst
|40
| residing in this place
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
| Datum
|50
| date
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
| Dekanat
|60
| deanery
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
| dem, den
|70
| the
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
| der
|80
| the, of the
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
| derselbe
|90
| the same
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
| des
|100
| of the
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
| deutsch
|101
| German
|one hundred (and) one
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
| Deutschland
|102
| Germany
|one hundred (and) two
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
| Dezember
|120
| December
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
| die
|121
| the
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Diener
|122
| servant
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Dienst
|200
| service, employment
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
| Dienstag
|300
| Tuesday
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
| Dienstmagd
|1.000
| servant girl
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
| dieser
|1.001
| this, these
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
| Domäne
|1.002
| domain
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
| Donnerstag
|1.050
| Thursday
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
| Dorf
|1.100
| village
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
| dort
|1.500<br>1500
| there
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| drei
|1.600<br>1600
| three
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| dreißig
|1.700<br>1700
| thirty
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| dreißigste
|1.800<br>1800
| thirtieth
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzigste
|1.865<br>1865
| twenty-third
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
| dreizehn
|1.900<br>1900
| thirteen
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| dreizehnte
|2.000<br>2000
| thirteenth
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
| dritte
|10.000
| third
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
| Duplikat
|100.000
| duplicate record
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
| durch
|1.000.000
| through
|one million
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|-
| Durchfall
|1.000.000.000
| diarrhea
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
|}


==== E  ====
==Types of Farmers==
 
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| ebenda
|Abbauer
| at the same place
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|-
| Ehe
|Abnahmemann
| marriage
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| Ehebrecher
|Abschiedsmann
| adulterer
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| Ehebruch
|Achtelbauer
| adultery
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Ehefrau
|Achtelhüfner
| wife, housewife
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Ehehindernis
|Achtermann
| hinderance to marriage
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
| ehel. = ehelich
|Ackerbauer
| legitimate
|farmer
|-
|-
| eheleiblich
|Ackerbürger
| legitimate
|farmer
|-
|-
| Eheleute
|Ackerer
| married couple
|farmer
|-
|-
| ehelich
|Ackerknecht
| legitimate
|farmhand
|-
|-
| ehemals
|Ackersmann
| formerly
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ehemann
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| husband
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ehepaar
|Altbauer
| married couple
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
| Ehescheidung
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| divorce
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Eheschließung
|Altenteilerin
| marriage
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|-
| Ehestand
|Althufner, Althüfner
| married state
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Eheverkündigungen
|Altsitzer(in)
| marriage banns
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|Amtsmeier
| betrothal, engagement
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|Anbauer
| son-in-law
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Eigentümer
|Anspänner
| proprietor, property owner
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
| ein, eine
|Aröder
| a, one, an
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
| Einbürgerung
|Artmann
| naturalization
|farmer
|-
|-
| Einlieger
|Artmeier
| landless farm laborer
|farmer
|-
|-
| eins
|Auenhäusler
| one
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Einsender
|Ausdinger
| informant, declarant
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| eintausendachthundert
|Auszügler
| eighteen hundred
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| eintausendfünfhundert
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| fifteen hundred
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
| eintausendneunhundert
|Bauer
| nineteen hundred
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| eintausendsechshundert
|Bauernknecht
| sixteen hundred
|farmhand
|-
|-
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|Bauknecht
| seventeen hundred
|farmhand
|-
|-
| einunddreissig
|Baumann
| thirty-one
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
| einunddreissigste
|Beerbter
| thirty-first
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
| einundzwanzigste
|Behandinge
| twenty-first
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|-
| Einwanderer
|Beibauer
| immigrant
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
| Einwanderung
|Beisasse
| immigration
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
| Einwilligung
|Beiwohner
| permission
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
| Einwohner
|Beständer
| inhabitant
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
| einzige
|Bestanderlasser
| only
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
| Eisenbahn
|Bestandwirt
| railroad
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
| Eiterbeule
|Bödener
| abscess
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| elf
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| eleven
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| elfte
|Brinker
| eleventh
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Eltern
|Brinkkötter
| parents
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Enkel
|Brinklieger
| grandson
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Enkelin
|Brinkmann
| granddaughter
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Enkelkind
|Brinksitzer
| grandchild
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
|-
|-
| eod(em)
|Büdner
| the same, ditto
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
| Epilepsie
|Buhmann, Bumann
| epilepsy
|farmer
|-
|-
| er
|Buschpächter
| he
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
| Erben
|Chalupner, Challupner
| heirs
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|-
|-
| Erbschaft
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
| inheritance
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| erhalten
|Eigengärtner
| received, receive
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| erklärt
|Eigenkäthner
| declared
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Erlassung
|Eigenkötter
| dispensation, permission
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Ermächtigung
|Einlieger
| authorization
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
| Ernting
|Einspänner
| August
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
| errechnet
|Erbbauer
| approximated, calculated
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
| erschien
|Erbpächter
| appeared
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
| erste
|Exner
| first
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| erstgeboren
|Feuerstättler
| firstborn
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
| ertrank, ertrunken
|Freibauer
| drowned
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
| erzeugen
|Freigärtner
| beget
|free farmer
|-
|-
| erzeugt
|Fröhner
| begat
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
| es
|Gärtner
| it
|farmer
|-
|-
| et uxor
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| and wife (Latin)
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| evangelisch
|Gesinde
| evangelical
|male or female hired help on a farm
|}
|-
 
|Häker, Häcker
==== F  ====
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
 
|-
{| border="1" width="100%"
|Halblechner, Halblehner
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Heuerling
| '''English'''
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Fabrikant
|Hofer
| manufacturer
|farmer
|-
|-
| Familie
|Hofgänger
| family
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Familienbuch
|Hofmann
| family register
|farmer
|-
|-
| Familienforschung
|Hofstädtler
| genealogical research
|farmer
|-
|-
| Familienregister
|Hofwirth
| family register
|farmer
|-
|-
| Färber
|Hoppenplöcker
| dyer
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|-
| Faßbinder
|Hortulanus
| cooper, barrel maker
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|-
| Fäule
|Huber
| cancer
|farmer
|-
|-
| Februar
|Hübler
| February
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|-
| Fehlgeburt
|Hüttler, Hitler
| miscarriage
|cottager
|-
|-
| Festtag
|Inlieger
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Festung
|Inste, Instmann
| fortress
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Fieber
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| fever
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
| Findling
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| foundling
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|-
|-
| Firmung
|Kampheuerling
| confirmation
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
| Fischer
|Kirchdotale
| fisher
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Fl. = Florin
|Kitzmann
| standard monetary unit
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
| Flecken
|Knecht
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Fleckfieber
|Kölmer
| spotted fever, typhus
|farmer who is "half free"
|-
|-
| Fleischer
|Köter, Kötter
| butcher
|cottager
|-
|-
| Fleischhauer
|Kolon
| butcher
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|-
|-
| Flüchtling
|Kolonist
| refugee, deserter
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
| Fluß
|Kolupner
| river
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|-
|-
| folgende
|Kossate, Kossäth
| following, next
|cottager
|-
|-
| Forst
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| forest
|cottager
|-
|-
| Förster
|Landmann
| forester
|farmer
|-
|-
| Fraisen
|Lehner
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
| Frankreich
|Magd
| France
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
| Frau
|Meyer
| Mrs., wife, woman
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
| Fräulein
|Ochsner
| Miss, unmarried woman
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Freibauer
|Ökonom
| farmer who owns his own land
|farmer
|-
|-
| Freiherr
|Pachtbauer
| baron
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
| Freitag
|Päger
| Friday
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
| fremd
|Pfarrdotale
| foreign, strange
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Freund
|Robotgärtner
| friend
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
| Friedhof
|Rössner
| cemetery
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
| früh
|Scharknecht
| early (a.m.)
|farmhand
|-
|-
| früher
|Söldner
| former, formerly
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
| fünf
|Strassenkötter
| five
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
| fünfte
|Tagelöhner
| fifth
|day laborer
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzigste
|Tagner
| twenty-fifth
|day laborer
|-
|-
| fünfzehn
|Tauner, Thauner
| fifteen
|day laborer
|-
|-
| fünfzehnhundert
|Viertelbauer
| fifteen hundred
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| fünfzehnte
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| fifteenth
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| fünfzig
|Viertellehner
| fifty
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| fünfzigste
|Vollbauer
| fiftieth
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| für
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| for
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
| Fürst
|Vollmaier
| prince, count
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Fürstentum
|Vollspänner
| principality
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|}
 
==== G  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Weingärtner
| '''English'''
|wine grower
|-
|-
| Gärtner
|Weingartknecht
| gardener
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| Gastwirt
|Weinzettel
| innkeeper
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| Gatte
|Widumer
| husband
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
| Gattin
|Winzer
| wife
|wine grower
|-
|-
| geb. = geboren
|Wirt, Wirth
| born, maiden name
|farmer
|-
|-
| geben, gab
|Zettelmann
| given, gave
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Gebiet
|Zweispänner
| region, area, zone
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
===A===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| geboren
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| born, maiden name
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Gebühren
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| fees
|government office, official district
|-
|-
| Geburt
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| birth
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
| Geburtsort
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| place of birth
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
| Geburtsschein
|Abt. = Abteilung
| birth certificate
|department
|-
|-
| Geburtsurkunde
|a/d = an der, auf der
| birth certificate
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
| gegen
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| against, towards
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
| geheiratet
|Anh. = Anhalt
| married
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| gehört
|ab
| belongs (to)
|from, since
|-
|-
| Geistliche(r)  
|Abbauer
| clergyman
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
| Gelbsucht
|Abdecker
| jaundice
|skinner
|-
|-
| Geld
|Abend
| money
|evening
|-
|-
| Gemahl(in)
|Abendmahlgast
| spouse, husband, wife
|communicant
|-
|-
| Gemeinde
|abends
| community, municipality, parish, town
|in the evening
|-
|-
| Gemeindemann
|Abenteurer
| village official, village resident
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
| Gemeindsmann
|aber
| citizen with full rights
|but
|-
|-
| gemelli
|abgestorben
| twins
|deceased
|-
|-
| genannt
|Ablader
| named, alias, called
|longshoreman
|-
|-
| Genealogie
|Abnahmemann
| genealogy
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
| Gerber
|Abnehmer
| tanner
|photographer
|-
|-
| Gericht
|Abschiedsmann
| court
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
| Gerichtsmann
|absterben
| juryman
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
| Gerichtsschreiber
|Abstreifer
| court clerk
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
| Gerichtsverwandter
|Abzehrung
| member of the judicial court
|emaciation, wasting
|-
|-
| gesagt
|acht
| said, stated
|eight
|-
|-
| Geschichte
|achte
| history
|eighth
|-
|-
| geschieden
|Achter
| divorced
|juryman
|-
|-
| Geschlecht
|achtundzwanzigste
| gender, sex, lineage
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| Geschlechterbücher
|achtzehn
| lineage books
|eighteen
|-
|-
| Geschlechtsname
|achtzehnhundert
| surname
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| Geschwister
|achtzehnte
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|eighteenth
|-
|-
| Geschwulst
|achtzig
| swelling, tumor
|eighty
|-
|-
| Geselle
|achtzigste
| journeyman
|eightieth
|-
|-
| Gesellschaft
|Ackermann
| society, group
|farmer
|-
|-
| Gesetz
|Adel
| law
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
| gesetzlich
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| legal
|formerly employed, retired
|-
|-
| gest. = gestorben
|adoptiert
| died
|adopted
|-
|-
| gestern
|Ahnen
| yesterday
|ancestors
|-
|-
| gestorben
|Ahnentafel
| died
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
| get. = getauft
|Akten
| baptized, christened
|documents
|-
|-
| Getaufte
|alle
| person who was baptized
|all
|-
|-
| getr. = getraut
|allhier
| married
|in this place
|-
|-
| Getraute
|alt
| married couple
|old
|-
|-
| Gevatter
|Altbürger
| godfather
|full citizen
|-
|-
| Gewerbe
|Alter
| trade, occupation
|age
|-
|-
| Gicht
|Altersschwäche
| gout, arthritis
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
| Gilde
|ältest
| guild
|eldest
|-
|-
| Glaube
|alt-katholisch
| belief, faith
|old Catholic
|-
|-
| Glauben
|Amman
| religious affiliation
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
| gleich
|Amt
| same, alike, similar, right away
|office, district
|-
|-
| Graf
|Anbauer
| count (nobleman), earl
|peasant
|-
|-
| Grafschaft
|andere
| county
|other, next
|-
|-
| Grenze
|Angeber
| border
|informant
|-
|-
| groß
|angeblich
| big, great, large
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
| Großeltern
|angeheiratet
| grandparents
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
| großjährig
|Anhalt
| of age
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Großmutter
|Anmerkungen
| grandmother
|remarks
|-
|-
| Großneffe
|Ansiedler
| great-nephew
|settler
|-
|-
| Großnichte
|Anspänner
| great-niece
|farmer
|-
|-
| Großvater
|Anzeigender
| grandfather
|informant
|-
|-
| Grundbuch
|apostolisch
| land register
|Apostolic
|-
|-
| Gulden
|April
| standard monetary unit, florin
|April
|-
|-
| Gut
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| property, estate
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
| gut
|Arbeitsbuch
| good
|employment record book
|}
 
==== H  ====
 
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Archiv
| '''English'''
|archive
|-
|-
| haben
|arm
| to have
|poor
|-
|-
| halb
|Armut
| half
|poverty
|-
|-
| halb drei
|Arzt
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|physician
|-
|-
| halb eins
|auch
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|also, too
|-
|-
| halb zwei
|auf
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|on, upon, at
|-
|-
| Halbbauer
|aufbieten
| small farmer
|post banns
|-
|-
| Halbmeier
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| small farmer
|residence permit
|-
|-
| Händler
|Aufenthaltsort
| trader, merchant, peddler
|residence
|-
|-
| Hartung
|Aufgebot
| January
|publication of banns
|-
|-
| Haupt-
|Aufnahmebuch
| chief, main
|book listing debts
|-
|-
| Haus
|Aufnahmeland
| house
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
| Hausfrau
|August
| housewife
|August
|-
|-
| Häusler
|aus
| cottager
|from, out of
|-
|-
| Hausmädchen
|außen
| housemaid
|outside
|-
|-
| Hebamme
|äußere
| midwife
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
| Heilquelle
|außerehelich
| spa, bath
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Heimat
|Auswanderer
| home, native place, homeland
|emigrant
|-
|-
| Heimatschein
|Auswanderung
| domicile or residency certificate
|emigration
|-
|-
| Heimatsort
|Ausweis
| place of birth, home town
|identification document
|-
|-
| Heirat
|Auszehrung
| marriage
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
| heiraten
|Auszug
| to marry
|extract
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Heiratsantrag
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| marriage intentions
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Heiratsbelege
|B. = Bezirk
| marriage supplements
|district or area
|-
|-
| Heiratskontrakt
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| marriage contracts
|district office
|-
|-
| Heiratsprotokolle
|Bay. = Bayern
| marriage records
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Heiratsschein
|Bd. = Band
| marriage certificate
|volume
|-
|-
| heißt
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| is named
|railroad station
|-
|-
| Hektar
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|military district command
|-
|-
| Heraldik
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| heraldry
|or, respectively
|-
|-
| Herkunftsort
|Bäcker
| place of origin
|baker
|-
|-
| Herr
|Bad
| Mister, Lord, lord
|spa, resort
|-
|-
| Herrschaft
|Badeort
| estate, dominion
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
| Herzog
|Bader
| duke
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
| Herzogtum
|Band
| duchy
|volume
|-
|-
| Hessische
|Baptist
| Hessian
|Baptist
|-
|-
| Heuerling
|Baron
| dayworker, hireling
|baron
|-
|-
| Heuert, Heumonat
|Bauer
| July
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
| heute
|Bayern
| today
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| hier
|Beamter
| here
|official, registrar
|-
|-
| hiesiger Ort
|Beck(er)
| this place
|baker
|-
|-
| Hinterbliebene
|beerdigt
| survivors
|buried
|-
|-
| hinterlassen
|Beerdigung
| surviving, left behind
|burial, interment
|-
|-
| Hirt
|beglaubigt
| herdsman
|certified, attested
|-
|-
| hitziges Fieber
|begraben
| burning fever, high fever
|buried
|-
|-
| hoch
|Begräbnis
| high
|burial
|-
|-
| Hochzeit
|bei
| wedding
|at, in, by
|-
|-
| Hof
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
| Hofprediger
|Beichte
| chaplain
|confession
|-
|-
| Holländer
|beide
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|both
|-
|-
| Hornung
|Beilage
| February
|supplement
|-
|-
| Hüfner
|Bekannte(r)
| farmer
|acquaintance
|-
|-
| Hufschmied
|Bekehrung
| blacksmith
|conversion
|-
|-
| Hügel
|Beklagter(in)
| hill
|defendant
|-
|-
| hundert
|Belege
| hundred
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
| Hurenkind
|Bemerkungen
| illegitimate child
|remarks
|-
|-
| Husten
|Berg
| cough
|hill, mountain
|}
 
==== I  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Bergmann
| '''English'''
|miner
|-
|-
| ihr, ihr-
|Beruf
| their, her
|occupation, profession
|-
|-
| im
|Beschreibung
| in the
|description
|-
|-
| immer
|Besitzer
| always
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
| in
|Bestandmüller
| in, at
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| Inhalt
|bestätigt
| content(s)
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
| innerhalb
|bestattet
| inside of
|buried
|-
|-
| Innung
|bettlägerig
| guild
|bedridden
|-
|-
| Instmann
|Bettler
| tenant farmer
|beggar
|-
|-
| ist
|Bevölkerungsregister
| is
|population register
|}
 
==== J  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|bevorstehend
| '''English'''
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
| Jäger
|Bezirk
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|district
|-
|-
| Jahr
|Biographie
| year
|biography
|-
|-
| Jahrestag
|Bischof
| anniversary
|bishop
|-
|-
| Jahreszeit
|Bistum
| season
|diocese
|-
|-
| Jahrhundert
|Blattern
| century
|smallpox
|-
|-
| jährlich
|blutend
| annual, yearly
|bleeding
|-
|-
| Jahrzehnt
|Blütenmonat
| decade
|May
|-
|-
| Jänner
|Blutsverwandschaft
| January
|blood relationship
|-
|-
| Januar
|Böhmen
| January
|Bohemia
|-
|-
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|Bootsmann
| each, every
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Böttcher
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| jüdisch
|Brauer
| Jewish
|brewer
|-
|-
| Jugend
|Bräune
| youth, adolescence
|diphtheria
|-
|-
| Juli
|Braut
| July
|bride
|-
|-
| Julmonat
|Bräutigam
| December
|bridegroom
|-
|-
| jung
|Brücke
| young
|bridge
|-
|-
| Junge
|Bruder
| a youth (male)
|brother
|-
|-
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Bub
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|boy
|-
|-
| Junggeselle
|Buch
| bachelor
|book
|-
|-
| Jüngling
|Büdner
| bachelor, young man
|cottager
|-
|-
| Juni
|Burg
| June
|castle, fortress
|}
 
==== K  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Bürger
| '''English'''
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Bürgerbuch
| royal imperial
|citizen register
|-
|-
| Kantor
|Bürgermeister
| choirmaster, organist
|mayor
|-
|-
| Karpe
|Büroangestellte
| carpenter
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
| Karte
|Bursch, Pursch
| map
|young man
|-
|-
| Karrer
|Büttner
| carter
|barrel maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Kartei
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| card index
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Käthner, Kätner
|ca. = circa
| cottager
|about
|-
|-
| katholisch
|Chirug
| Catholic
|surgeon
|-
|-
| kaufen
|Christmonat
| to buy
|December
|-
|-
| Kaufmann
|Colonist
| merchant
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| kein
|Comparent
| no, not any, none
|informant
|-
|-
| Keller
|copulieren
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|to marry
|-
|-
| Kellner
|Cossate, Cossathe
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|cottager
|-
|-
| Kessler
|cribrarius
| kettlemaker
|sieve maker (Latin)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Keuchhusten
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| whooping cough
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Kiefer
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| cooper, barrel maker
|the
|-
|-
| Kind
|D. = Dorf
| baby
|village
|-
|-
| Kindbettfieber
|das. = daselbst
| childbed fever
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| Kinder
|Dachdecker
| children
|roofer
|-
|-
| Kirche
|dahier
| church
|here
|-
|-
| Kirchenältester
|dänisch
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|Danish
|-
|-
| Kirchenbuch
|das
| parish register
|the
|-
|-
| Kirchengemeinde
|daselbst
| parish
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| Kirchenpfleger
|Datum
| churchwarden
|date
|-
|-
| Kirchenrodel
|Dekanat
| parish register
|deanery
|-
|-
| Kirchensprengel
|dem, den
| parish
|the
|-
|-
| Kirchenvorsteher
|der
| churchwarden
|the, of the
|-
|-
| kirchlich
|derselbe
| pertaining to church
|the same
|-
|-
| Kirchrat
|des
| member of a church council
|of the
|-
|-
| Kirchspiel
|deutsch
| parish
|German
|-
|-
| klein
|Deutschland
| little
|Germany
|-
|-
| Knabe
|Dezember
| boy
|December
|-
|-
| Knecht
|die
| servant
|the
|-
|-
| Kolonist
|Diener
| settler, colonist, farmer
|servant
|-
|-
| Kommunikant
|Dienst
| communicant
|service, employment
|-
|-
| Kommunion
|Dienstag
| communion
|Tuesday
|-
|-
| Konfirmation
|Dienstbotin
| confirmation
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
| König
|Dienstmagd
| king
|servant girl
|-
|-
| königlich
|dieser
| royal
|this, these
|-
|-
| Königreich
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| kingdom
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
| Kopulation
|Dispensation(en)
| marriage
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
| kopulieren
|Distrikt
| to marry
|district
|-
|-
| Kossät, Kossath
|Domäne
| cottager
|domain
|-
|-
| Kötter, Kötner
|Dominikalist
| small farmer, cottager
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
| Krämer
|Donnerstag
| grocer, small retailer
|Thursday
|-
|-
| Krämpfe
|Dorf
| cramps,, convulsions
|village
|-
|-
| Krankheit
|dort
| disease, sickness
|there
|-
|-
| Krebs
|drei
| cancer
|three
|-
|-
| Kreis
|dreißig
| county
|thirty
|-
|-
| Krieg
|dreißigste
| war
|thirtieth
|-
|-
| Kröger, Krogmann
|dreiundzwanzigste
| innkeeper
|twenty-third
|-
|-
| Küfer
|dreizehn
| cooper, barrel maker
|thirteen
|-
|-
| Kuhhirte
|dreizehnte
| cowherd
|thirteenth
|-
|-
| Kupferschmied
|dritte
| coppersmith
|third
|-
|-
| Kurort
|Duplikat
| spa
|duplicate record
|-
|-
| Kusine
|durch
| female cousin
|through
|-
|-
| Kutscher
|Durchfall
| coachman
|diarrhea
|}
|}


==== L  ====
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Land
|E. = Einwohner
| land, country
|residents, population
|-
|-
| Landarbeiter
|ehrngeachte
| farmhand
|honorable
|-
|-
| Landkarte
|einkindschaften
| map
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
| Landwirt
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| farmer
|railroad, train
|-
|-
| lassen
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| to let, leave, allow
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
| lebendig
|ebenda
| living
|at the same place
|-
|-
| ledig
|Ehe
| single, unmarried
|marriage
|-
|-
| legitimiert
|Ehebrecher
| made legitimate, legitimized
|adulterer
|-
|-
| Lehrer
|Ehebruch
| teacher
|adultery
|-
|-
| Lehrling
|Ehefrau
| apprentice
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
| Leiche
|Ehehindernis
| corpse, body
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
| Leichenpredigt
|ehel. = ehelich
| funeral sermon
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Leinenweber
|eheleiblich
| linen weaver
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Lenz
|Eheleute
| spring (season)
|married couple
|-
|-
| letzte Ölung
|ehelich
| last rites, extreme unction
|legitimate
|-
|-
| letzte Salbung
|ehemals
| last rites, extreme unction
|formerly
|-
|-
| Letzter
|Ehemann
| latter, last
|husband
|-
|-
| letzter Wille
|Ehepaar
| last will
|married couple
|-
|-
| links
|Ehescheidung
| left
|divorce
|-
|-
| Lungenentzündung
|Eheschließung
| pneumonia
|marriage
|-
|-
| Lungenschwindsucht
|Ehestand
| consumption, tuberculosis
|married state
|-
|-
| lutherisch
|Eheverkündigungen
| Lutheran
|marriage banns
|}
|-
 
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
==== M  ====
|betrothal, engagement
 
|-
{| width="100%" border="1"
|Eidam (Eidmann)
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Eigentümer
| '''English'''
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
| Mädchen
|ein, eine
| girl
|a, one, an
|-
|-
| Mädel
|Einbürgerung
| girl
|naturalization
|-
|-
| Magd
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Mägdlein
|Einlieger
| girl, little girl
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
| Mai
|eins
| May
|one
|-
|-
| Maler
|Einsender
| painter
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
| Mann
|eintausendachthundert
| husband, man
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| männlich
|eintausendfünfhundert
| male
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Markt
|eintausendneunhundert
| market
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| März
|eintausendsechshundert
| March
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Masern
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| measles
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Matrikel
|einunddreissig
| register
|thirty-one
|-
|-
| Maurer
|einunddreissigste
| mason
|thirty-first
|-
|-
| Meister, -meister
|einundzwanzigste
| master
|twenty-first
|-
|-
| Mennoniten
|Einwanderer
| Mennonites
|immigrant
|-
|-
| Metzger
|Einwanderung
| butcher
|immigration
|-
|-
| Militär
|einwilligend
| military
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
| minderjährig
|Einwilligung
| underaged, minor
|permission
|-
|-
| mit
|Einwohner
| with, via, by
|inhabitant
|-
|-
| Mitglied
|einzige
| member
|only
|-
|-
| Mittag
|Eisenbahn
| midday
|railroad
|-
|-
| mittags
|Eiterbeule
| at noon
|abscess
|-
|-
| Mitternacht
|elf
| midnight
|eleven
|-
|-
| Mittwoch
|elfte
| Wednesday
|eleventh
|-
|-
| Monat
|Eltern
| month
|parents
|-
|-
| Montag
|Enkel
| Monday
|grandson
|-
|-
| Morgen
|Enkelin
| morning, tomorrow
|granddaughter
|-
|-
| Morgen (morgen)
|Enkelkind
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|grandchild
|-
|-
| morgens
|eod(em)
| in the morning
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
| Mühle
|Epilepsie
| mill
|epilepsy
|-
|-
| mündlich
|er
| verbal, verbally
|he
|-
|-
| Mutter
|Erben
| Mother
|heirs
|}
 
==== N  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Erbschaft
| '''English'''
|inheritance
|-
|-
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|erhalten
| name not known
|received, receive
|-
|-
| nach
|erklärt
| to, after, according to
|declared
|-
|-
| Nachbar
|Erlassung
| neighbor
|dispensation, permission
|-
|-
| Nachbarschaft
|Ermächtigung
| neighborhood
|authorization
|-
|-
| nachgelassen
|Ernting
| surviving
|August
|-
|-
| Nachlaß
|errechnet
| estate, inheritance
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
| Nachmittag
|erschien
| afternoon
|appeared
|-
|-
| nachmittags
|erste
| in the afternoon
|first
|-
|-
| nächst(e)
|erstgeboren
| next
|firstborn
|-
|-
| Nacht
|Erstkommunikant
| night
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
| Näherin
|ertrank, ertrunken
| seamstress
|drowned
|-
|-
| Name
|erzeugen
| name
|beget
|-
|-
| nat. = natus, nata
|erzeugt
| born
|begat
|-
|-
| natus, nata
|es
| born
|it
|-
|-
| neben
|et uxor
| next to
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
| Nebenfrau
|evangelisch
| concubine
|evangelical
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===F===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Neffe
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| nephew
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Nervenfieber
|Fabrikant
| nervous fever
|manufacturer
|-
|-
| neu
|Fabrikarbeiter
| new
|factory worker
|-
|-
| neun
|Fallkind
| nine
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
| neunte
|Familiant
| ninth
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzigte
|Familie
| twenty-ninth
|family
|-
|-
| neunzehn
|Familienbuch
| nineteen
|family register
|-
|-
| neunzehnhundert
|Familienforschung
| nineteen hundred
|genealogical research
|-
|-
| neunzehnte
|Familienregister
| nineteenth
|family register
|-
|-
| neunzig
|Färber
| ninety
|dyer
|-
|-
| neunzigste
|Faßbinder
| ninetieth
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Nicht
|Fäule
| not
|cancer
|-
|-
| Nichte
|Fayencenhändler
| niece
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
| nichts
|Februar
| nothing
|February
|-
|-
| nie
|Fehlgeburt
| never
|miscarriage
|-
|-
| nieder
|Festtag
| lower
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| niederländisch
|Festung
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|fortress
|-
|-
| noch
|Fieber
| still
|fever
|-
|-
| noch lebende
|Findling
| still living
|foundling
|-
|-
| noch nicht
|Firmung
| not yet
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Nord
|Fischer
| north
|fisher
|-
|-
| Notizen
|Fl. = Florin
| notices, miscellaneous records
|standard monetary unit
|-
|-
| Nottaufe
|Flecken
| emergency baptism
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
| November
|Fleckfieber
| November
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
| Nummer
|Fleischer
| number
|butcher
|-
|-
| nur
|Fleischhauer
| only
|butcher
|}
|-
 
|Flüchtling
==== O  ====
|refugee, deserter
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Fluß
| '''English'''
|river
|-
|-
| O.A. = Oberamt
|folgende
| governing district office
|following, next
|-
|-
| ober
|Forst
| upper, over
|forest
|-
|-
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|Förster
| chief, head; upper, over
|forester
|-
|-
| Oberamt
|Fourier
| governing district office
|quartermaster
|-
|-
| oder
|Fraisen
| or
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|Frankreich
| make known publicly
|France
|-
|-
| oft
|Frau
| often
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
| Oheim
|Fräulein
| uncle
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| ohne
|Freibauer
| without
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
| Oktober
|Freiherr
| October
|baron
|-
|-
| Onkel
|Freitag
| uncle
|Friday
|-
|-
| Ort
|fremd
| place, town
|foreign, strange
|-
|-
| Ortslexikon
|Freund
| gazetteer
|friend
|-
|-
| Osten
|Friedhof
| east
|cemetery
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Friesel
| Easter (could be March or April)
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
| Ostermonat
|Friseur
| April
|hairdresser
|-
|-
| Ostern
|früh
| Easter
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| Österreich
|früher
| Austria
|former, formerly
|-
|-
| österreichisch
|Frühgeburt
| Austrian
|premature birth
|}
 
==== P  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Frühkind
| '''English'''
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
| Pächter
|fünf
| leaseholder
|five
|-
|-
| Pate
|Fuhrmann
| godfather
|wagoner
|-
|-
| Paten
|fünfte
| godparents
|fifth
|-
|-
| Pest
|fünfundzwanzigste
| plague
|twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| Pfalz
|fünfzehn
| Palatinate
|fifteen
|-
|-
| Pfarramt
|fünfzehnhundert
| parish office
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Pfarrbuch
|fünfzehnte
| parish register
|fifteenth
|-
|-
| Pfarrei
|fünfzig
| parish
|fifty
|-
|-
| Pfarrer
|fünfzigste
| parish minister, pastor
|fiftieth
|-
|-
| Pflegekind
|für
| foster child
|for
|-
|-
| Pflegesohn
|Fürst
| foster son
|prince, count
|-
|-
| Pflegetochter
|Fürstentum
| foster daughter
|principality
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===G===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Platz
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| place (location)
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Pocken
|G. = Gericht
| pox, smallpox
|court
|-
|-
| Polen
|geb. = geboren
| Poland
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| polnisch
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| Polish
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| preußisch
|gest. = gestorben
| Prussia
|died
|-
|-
| Priester
|get. = getauft
| priest
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Prinz
|gez. = gezeichnet
| prince
|signed
|-
|-
| Prinzessin
|Gr. = Groß
| princess
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
| protestantisch
|Gärtner
| Protestant
|gardener
|-
|-
| Provinz
|Gastwirt
| province
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| provinzial
|Gatte
| provincial
|husband
|}
 
==== R  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Gattin
| '''English'''
|wife
|-
|-
| Räbbe
|geben, gab
| rabies
|given, gave
|-
|-
| Räcke
|Gebiet
| stiffness of the limbs
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
| Racker
|geboren
| renderer
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|Gebühren
| wheelwright
|fees
|-
|-
| Radhauer
|Geburt
| wheelwright
|birth
|-
|-
| Rathaus
|Geburtsort
| city hall
|place of birth
|-
|-
| Ratsherr
|Geburtsschein
| alderman
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Ratsmann
|Geburtsurkunde
| councilman; town councilor
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Rechnung
|gegen
| account; bill
|against, towards
|-
|-
| rechtgläubig
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| orthodox
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
| Rechsanwalt
|gegenwärtig
| lawyer
|currently
|-
|-
| reformiert
|geheiratet
| reformed
|married
|-
|-
| Regierungsbezirk
|gehört
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|belongs (to)
|-
|-
| Register
|Geistliche(r)
| register (a book or list)
|clergyman
|-
|-
| Reich
|Gelbsucht
| empire; kingdom
|jaundice
|-
|-
| Reifer
|Geld
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|money
|-
|-
| Reiter
|Gemahl(in)
| rider; cavalryman
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| relicta
|Gemeinde
| widow
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| relictus
|Gemeindemann
| widower
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
| Religion
|Gemeindsmann
| religion
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
| ren. = renatus, renata
|gemelli
| baptized, christened
|twins
|-
|-
| Rentner
|genannt
| retired person
|named, alias, called
|-
|-
| Rheuma
|Genealogie
| rheumatism
|genealogy
|-
|-
| Richter
|genesen
| judge
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
| Rodel
|Gerber
| register
|tanner
|-
|-
| Röseler
|Gericht
| whitewasher
|court
|-
|-
| Rössler
|Gerichtsmann
| horseman; tanner
|juryman
|-
|-
| römisch katholisch
|Gerichtsschöffe
| Roman Catholic
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Röt
|Gerichtsschöppe
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Rotgerber
|Gerichtsschreiber
| red tanner
|court clerk
|-
|-
| Ruhestand
|Gerichtsverwandter
| retirement
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
| Ruhr
|gesagt
| dysentery
|said, stated
|-
|-
| russisch
|Geschichte
| Russian
|history
|-
|-
| Rußland
|geschieden
| Russia
|divorced
|}
 
==== S  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Geschlecht
| '''English'''
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
| S. = Seite
|Geschlechterbücher
| page
|lineage books
|-
|-
| s. = siehe
|Geschlechtsname
| see the following reference
|surname
|-
|-
| Sachsen
|Geschwister
| Saxony
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
| Sackhuhn
|Geschwisterkind
| sailmaker
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
|-
|-
| Säger
|Geschwulst
| sawyer
|swelling, tumor
|-
|-
| Salbung
|Geselle
| anointing
|journeyman
|-
|-
| Salzvogt
|Gesellschaft
| salt works overseer
|society, group
|-
|-
| Samstag
|Gesetz
| Saturday
|law
|-
|-
| Sarkhauer
|gesetzlich
| stonemason
|legal
|-
|-
| Satertag
|gestern
| Saturday
|yesterday
|-
|-
| Sattler
|gestorben
| saddler, leather worker
|died
|-
|-
| Schacherer
|Getaufte
| peddler
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
| Schäfer
|getr. = getraut
| shepherd
|married
|-
|-
| Schaffer
|Getraute
| worker; laborer; administrator
|married couple
|-
|-
| Schäf(f)ler
|Gevatter
| cooper
|godfather
|-
|-
| Schaffmann
|Gewerbe
| worker
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
| Schaffner
|gewerblos
| conductor
|without occupation
|-
|-
| Schalck, Schall
|Gicht
| servant
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Gilde
| scarlet fever
|guild
|-
|-
| Scharnemann
|Glaser
| merchant in a market
|glazier
|-
|-
| Scharrmacher
|Glasermeister
| wagon builder
|master glazier
|-
|-
| Scharwerker
|Glaube
| day laborer on a farm
|belief, faith
|-
|-
| Schatter, Schattmann
|Glauben
| tax assessor
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
| Schatzmann
|gleich
| moneychanger; treasurer
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
| Schatzmeister
|Gode
| treasurer
|godmother
|-
|-
| Scheibenreisser
|Graf
| glazier
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
| Scheibler
|Grafschaft
| salt carrier
|county
|-
|-
| Scheiding
|Grenze
| September
|border
|-
|-
| Scheidler
|groß
| knife-blade maker
|big, great, large
|-
|-
| Scheidung
|Großeltern
| divorce
|grandparents
|-
|-
| Schein
|großjährig
| certificate
|of age
|-
|-
| Schenkungen
|Großmutter
| donations
|grandmother
|-
|-
| Scherer
|Großneffe
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|great-nephew
|-
|-
| Schichtmeister
|Großnichte
| mine paymaster
|great-niece
|-
|-
| Schiffbauer
|Großvater
| shipbuilder
|grandfather
|-
|-
| Schiffer
|Grundbuch
| shipper; seaman
|land register
|-
|-
| Schiffmann
|Gulden
| sailor
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
| Schiffsmakler
|Gürtler
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
| Schilderer
|Gut
| sign painter
|property, estate
|-
|-
| Schindeldecker
|gut
| roofer of shingle roofs
|good
|-
|-
| Schindelmacher
|Gutsbesitzer
| shingle maker
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
| Schinner
|Gutsverwalter
| renderer, skinner
|Estate Manager
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===H===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schirmmacher
|Handzeichen
| umbrella maker
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
| Schirrmacher
|Hann. = Hannover
| wagon maker
|Hanover
|-
|-
| Schirrmeister
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| master wagon maker
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| butcher
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| Schlachtmann
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| butcher
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
| Schlachtwanter
|hzl. = herzoglich
| clothing wholesaler
|of the duke
|-
|-
| Schlafbaas
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| innkeeper
|duchy
|-
|-
| Schlaganfall
|haben
| stroke, seizure
|to have
|-
|-
| Schlagfluß
|halb
| stroke
|half
|-
|-
| Schlieper
|halb drei
| knifemaker; cutler
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Schlieter
|halb eins
| merchant
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Schloß
|halb zwei
| castle
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Schlosser
|Halbbauer
| locksmith
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Schlotfeger
|Halbmeier
| chimneysweep
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Schlotthauer
|Halbzeugmacher
| locksmith
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
| Schmied
|Hartung
| smith
|January
|-
|-
| Schneider
|Händler
| tailor
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|Haupt-
| woodcarver
|chief, main
|-
|-
| Schopper
|Haus
| ship's carpenter
|house
|-
|-
| Schornsteinfeger
|Hausfrau
| chimneysweep
|housewife
|-
|-
| Schosserheber
|Häusler
| tax collector
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schösser
|Hausmädchen
| tax collector
|housemaid
|-
|-
| Schotte
|Hebamme
| peddler
|midwife
|-
|-
| Schottler
|Heilquelle
| turner; key maker
|spa, bath
|-
|-
| Schottilier
|Heimat
| turner; carpenter
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
| Schreiber
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| scribe, clerk
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
| Schreiner
|Heimatsort
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
| Schriftsetzer
|Heirat
| typesetter
|marriage
|-
|-
| Schroder, Schröder
|heiraten
| tailor
|to marry
|-
|-
| Schröer
|Heiratsantrag
| tailor
|marriage intentions
|-
|-
| Schröter
|Heiratsbelege
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|Heiratskontrakt
| shoemaker
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Heiratsprotokolle
| shoemaker
|marriage records
|-
|-
| Schuhmacher
|Heiratsschein
| shoemaker, cobbler
|marriage certificate
|-
|-
| Schule
|heißt
| school
|is named
|-
|-
| Schullehrer
|Hektar
| schoolteacher
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|Helfer
| village mayor, head of town council
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
| Schüssler
|Heraldik
| bowl maker
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Schuster
|Herkunftsort
| shoemaker, cobbler
|place of origin
|-
|-
| Schuwarte
|Herr
| shoemaker
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
| Schwäche
|Herrschaft
| weakness
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
| Schwager
|herrschaftlich
| brother-in-law
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| Schwägerin
|Herzog
| sister-in-law
|duke
|-
|-
| Schwaiger
|Herzogtum
| shepherd
|duchy
|-
|-
| schwanger
|Hessische
| pregnant
|Hessian
|-
|-
| schwarz
|Heuerling
| black
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
| schwarzer Tod
|Heuert, Heumonat
| black death; plague
|July
|-
|-
| Schwarzgiesser
|heute
| iron smelter
|today
|-
|-
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|hier
| pigherd
|here
|-
|-
| Schweisser
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| welder
|local
|-
|-
| Schweiz
|hiesiger Ort
| Switzerland
|this place
|-
|-
| Schweizer
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
| Schwendimann
|Hinterbliebene
| settler on recently burned woodland
|survivors
|-
|-
| Schwerdtfeger
|hinterlassen
| armorer
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
| Schwester
|Hirt
| sister
|herdsman
|-
|-
| Schwiegermutter
|hitziges Fieber
| mother-in-law
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
| Schwiegersohn
|hoch
| son-in-law
|high
|-
|-
| Schwiegertochter
|Hochzeit
| daughter-in-law
|wedding
|-
|-
| Schwiegervater
|Hof
| father-in-law
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
| Schwindsucht
|Hofprediger
| consumption
|chaplain
|-
|-
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|Holländer
| son of
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
| sechs
|Hollandgänger
| six
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
| sechste
|Hornung
| sixth
|February
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig
|Hüfner
| twenty-six
|farmer
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzigste
|Hufschmied
| twenty-sixth
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|-
| sechzehnhundert
|Hügel
| sixteen hundred
|hill
|-
|-
| sechzehn
|hundert
| sixteen
|hundred
|-
|-
| sechzehnte
|Hurenkind
| sixteenth
|illegitimate child
|-
|-
| sechzig
|Husten
| sixty
|cough
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===I===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| sechzigste
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| sixtieth
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| See
|ihr, ihr-
| lake
|their, her
|-
|-
| Seelen
|im
| souls
|in the
|-
|-
| Seelenregister
|im Leben
| church membership list
|in life, while living
|-
|-
| Seelsorger
|immer
| minister, chaplain
|always
|-
|-
| Seemann
|in
| sailor
|in, at
|-
|-
| Segner
|Inhalt
| fisherman
|content(s)
|-
|-
| Seifensieder
|innerhalb
| soap maker
|inside of
|-
|-
| Seigner
|Innung
| fisherman
|guild
|-
|-
| Seiler
|Inspektor
| rope maker
|inspector
|-
|-
| sein
|Instmann
| to be; his
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| seit
|ist
| since
|is
|-
|-
| Seite
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
| page
|now
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===J===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| selige
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| (the) late, blessed
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| September
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
| September
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|-
| Sibber
|Jäger
| sieve maker
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|-
| Sibmacher
|Jahr
| sieve maker
|year
|-
|-
| sich
|Jahrestag
| himself, herself, itself
|anniversary
|-
|-
| sie
|Jahreszeit
| she, they
|season
|-
|-
| Sie
|Jahrhundert
| you
|century
|-
|-
| sieben
|jährlich
| seven
|annual, yearly
|-
|-
| siebente
|Jahrzehnt
| seventh
|decade
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzigste
|Jänner
| twenty-seventh
|January
|-
|-
| siebte
|Januar
| seventh
|January
|-
|-
| siebzehn
|jeder (jede, jedes)
| seventeen
|each, every
|-
|-
| siebzehnhundert
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
| seventeen hundred
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| siebzehnte
|Joe.
| seventeenth
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|-
| siebzig
|jüdisch
| seventy
|Jewish
|-
|-
| siebzigste
|Jugend
| seventieth
|youth, adolescence
|-
|-
| Sieder
|Juli
| soap maker
|July
|-
|-
| siehe
|Julmonat
| see
|December
|-
|-
| Sigrist
|jung
| sexton
|young
|-
|-
| sind
|Junge
| are
|a youth (male)
|-
|-
| so
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
| as, so, thus, such
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Sohn
|Junggeselle
| son
|bachelor
|-
|-
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|Jüngling
| young son
|bachelor, young man
|-
|-
| Soldat
|jüngsthin
| soldier
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
| Söldner
|Juni
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|June
|-
|-
| sollen
|Justmann
| should
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===K===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Sonnabend
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Saturday
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Sonntag
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| Sunday
|royal imperial
|-
|-
| spät
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
| late (p.m.)
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
| Spengler
|Kammerfrau
| plumber; tinsmith
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|Kantor
| illegitimate
|choirmaster, organist
|-
|-
| Staat
|Karpe
| state
|carpenter
|-
|-
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|Karte
| citizenship, nationality
|map
|-
|-
| Staatsarchiv
|Karrer
| state archives
|carter
|-
|-
| Stadt
|Kartei
| city
|card index
|-
|-
| Stammbaum
|Kassierer
| family tree, pedigree
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
| Stand
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
| occupation, status, condition
|cottager
|-
|-
| Standesamt
|Käthner, Kätner
| civil registrar’s office
|cottager
|-
|-
| starb
|katholisch
| died
|Catholic
|-
|-
| Steinhauer
|kaufen
| stonecutter
|to buy
|-
|-
| Steinmetz
|Kaufmann
| stonemason
|merchant
|-
|-
| stellen
|kein
| place, put, impose
|no, not any, none
|-
|-
| Stellmacher
|Keller
| wheelwright
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
| Sterbefälle
|Kellner
| deaths
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
| sterben
|Kessler
| to die
|kettlemaker
|-
|-
| Steuer
|Keuchhusten
| tax
|whooping cough
|-
|-
| Stickfluß
|Kiefer
| asthma
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Stiefbruder
|Kind
| half brother, stepbrother
|baby
|-
|-
| Stiefkind
|Kindbetterin
| stepchild
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|-
| Stiefmutter
|Kindbettfieber
| stepmother
|childbed fever
|-
|-
| Stiefschwester
|Kinder
| half sister, stepsister
|children
|-
|-
| Stiefvater
|Kirche
| stepfather
|church
|-
|-
| Stillgeburt
|Kirchenältester
| stillbirth
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|-
| Straße
|Kirchenbuch
| street
|parish register
|-
|-
| Stunde
|Kirchengemeinde
| hour
|parish
|-
|-
| Sucht
|Kirchenpfleger
| sickness, mania, rage
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Süden
|Kirchenrodel
| south
|parish register
|-
|-
| S.v. = Sohn von
|Kirchensprengel
| son of
|parish
|}
|-
 
|Kirchenvorsteher
==== T  ====
|churchwarden
 
|-
{| width="100%" border="1"
|Kirchhöre
|church parish
|-
|kirchlich
|pertaining to church
|-
|Kirchrat
|member of a church council
|-
|Kirchspiel
|parish
|-
|Kläger(in), Klr.
|plaintiff
|-
|klein
|little
|-
|Knabe
|boy
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Knecht
| '''English'''
|servant
|-
|-
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
| daughter of
|cottager
|-
|-
| T.v. = Tochter von
|Kolonist
| daughter of
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|-
| Tabelle
|Kommunikant
| index, table
|communicant
|-
|-
| Tag
|Kommunion
| day
|communion
|-
|-
| Tagelöhner
|Konfirmation
| day laborer
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Tagner
|Konditormeister
| day laborer
|master cake-maker
|-
|-
| Tal, Thal
|Konfitenten
| valley
|confessants
|-
|-
| Tante
|König
| aunt
|king
|-
|-
| Tapazier
|königlich
| (wall)paper hanger
|royal
|-
|-
| Taufe
|Königreich
| baptism
|kingdom
|-
|-
| taufen
|Kooperator
| to baptize
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|-
| Taufpaten
|Kopulation
| godparents
|marriage
|-
|-
| Taufschein
|kopulieren
| baptismal certificate
|to marry
|-
|-
| tausend
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
| thousand
|cottager
|-
|-
| Testament
|Kossattin
| will
|female cottager
|-
|-
| Tischler
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|-
| Tochter
|Krämer
| daughter
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|-
| Töchterchen
|Krämpfe
| young daughter
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|-
| Töchterlein
|Krankheit
| young daughter
|disease, sickness
|-
|-
| Tochtermann
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
| son-in-law
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Tod
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| death
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Todesart
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| manner of death
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Töpfer
|Krebs
| potter
|cancer
|-
|-
| tot
|Kreis
| dead
|county
|-
|-
| Totengräber
|Krieg
| grave digger
|war
|-
|-
| totgeboren
|Kröger, Krogmann
| stillborn
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Trauung
|Küfer
| marriage
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Trennung
|Kuhhirte
| separation, divorce
|cowherd
|-
|-
| tschechisch
|Kupferschmied
| Czech
|coppersmith
|-
|-
| Tschechoslowakai
|Kurort
| Czechoslovakia
|spa
|-
|-
| Tuberkulose
|Kusine
| tuberculosis
|female cousin
|-
|-
| Tuchmacher
|Küster
| cloth maker, draper
|sexton
|-
|-
| Tumor
|Kutscher
| tumor
|coachman
|}
|}


==== U  ====
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


über
===L===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
| u.d. = und des, und der
| and of
|-
| über
| about, concerning, over
|-
| überleben
| survive
|-
|-
| Uhr
|Land
| o’clock, clock, watch
|land, country
|-
|-
| um
|Landarbeiter
| at, about, around, concerning
|farmhand
|-
|-
| unbekannt
|Landkarte
| unknown
|map
|-
|-
| und
|Landwirt
| and
|farmer
|-
|-
| und der
|lassen
| and of
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|-
| und des
|lebendig
| and of
|living
|-
|-
| unehelich
|ledig
| illegitimate
|single, unmarried
|-
|-
| ungarisch
|legitimiert
| Hungarian
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|-
| Ungarn
|Lehrer
| Hungary
|teacher
|-
|-
| ungefähr
|Lehrling
| about, circa, approximately
|apprentice
|-
|-
| uns
|Leiche
| us
|corpse, body
|-
|-
| unter
|Leichenpredigt
| under, lower
|funeral sermon
|-
|-
| Unterrichter
|Leinenweber
| judge
|linen weaver
|-
|-
| Unterschrieben
|Lenz
| signed
|spring (season)
|-
|-
| Unterschrift
|letzte Ölung
| signature
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| Unterzeichnete
|letzte Salbung
| the undersigned
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| unverheiratet
|Letzter
| unmarried
|latter, last
|-
|-
| Urenkelkind
|letzter Wille
| great-grandchild
|last will
|-
|-
| Urgroßmutter
|links
| great-grandmother
|left
|-
|-
| Urgroßvater
|Lippische Ziegler
| great-grandfather
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|-
| Urkunde
|lohgerbermeister
| record, document
|master tanner
|-
|-
| Ururgroßmutter
|Lungenentzündung
| great-great-grandmother
|pneumonia
|-
|-
| Ururgroßvater
|Lungenschwindsucht
| great-great-grandfather
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
| ux. = uxor
|lutherisch
| wife
|Lutheran
|}
|}


==== V  ====
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Vater
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
| father
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
| verehelicht
|Mädchen
| married
|girl
|-
|-
| Verehelichung
|Mädel
| marriage
|girl
|-
|-
| vergangen
|Magd
| past
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|-
| vergraben
|Mägdlein
| buried
|girl, little girl
|-
|-
| verh. = verheiratet
|Mai
| married
|May
|-
|-
| Verkäufer
|Maler
| seller, vendor
|painter
|-
|-
| verl. = verlobt
|Mann
| engaged
|husband, man
|-
|-
| verlebte
|männlich
| deceased
|male
|-
|-
| verloben, sich
|mannschaftlich
| to become engaged
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
| Verlobte
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
| fiancée
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|-
| Verlobter
|Markt
| fiancé
|market
|-
|-
| Verlobung
|März
| betrothal, engagement
|March
|-
|-
| Vermieter
|Masern
| landlord, lessor
|measles
|-
|-
| Vermögen
|Matrikel
| estate, assets
|register
|-
|-
| Verpächter
|Matrose
| landlord, lessor
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|-
| verrichtet
|Maurer
| performed
|mason
|-
|-
| verschiedene
|Mautner
| various
|customs official
|-
|-
| Verstopfung
|Meister, -meister
| constipation
|master
|-
|-
| verstorben
|Mennoniten
| deceased, defunct
|Mennonites
|-
|-
| Verstorbene
|Messerschmied
| the deceased
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|-
| Verwaltung
|Metzger, Mezger
| administration
|butcher
|-
|-
| Verwandten
|Meubelfabrakant
| relatives
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|-
| Verwandtschaft
|Militär
| relationship
|military
|-
|-
| verwitwet
|minderjährig
| widowed
|underaged, minor
|-
|-
| Verzeichnis
|mit
| register, list, index
|with, via, by
|-
|-
| Vetter
|Mitglied
| male cousin
|member
|-
|-
| vid. = viduus, vidua
|Mittag
| widower, widow
|midday
|-
|-
| vielleicht
|mittags
| perhaps, maybe
|at noon
|-
|-
| vier
|Mitternacht
| four
|midnight
|-
|-
| vierte
|Mittwoch
| fourth
|Wednesday
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzigste
|Monat
| twenty-fourth
|month
|-
|-
| vierzehn
|Montag
| fourteen
|Monday
|-
|-
| vierzehnte
|Morgen
| fourteenth
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|-
| vierzig
|Morgen (morgen)
| forty
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|-
| vierzigste
|morgens
| fortieth
|in the morning
|-
|-
| Vogt
|müheseelig Mench
| steward, overseer
|handicapped person
|-
|-
| Voigt
|Mühle
| steward, overseer
|mill
|-
|-
| Volkszählung
|Mühlerbesitzer
| census
|mill owner
|-
|-
| volljährig
|Mühlenpächter
| of age, of legal age
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| vollzogen
|Mullnäher
| performed
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|-
| von
|mündlich
| of, from, by
|verbal, verbally
|-
|-
| vor
|Mutter
| before; ago
|Mother
|-
| vorherig
| previous, preceding
|-
| vorheriger Tag
| the previous day
|-
| vorläufig
| for the time being
|-
| vormals
| formerly
|-
| Vormittags
| in the morning
|-
| Vormund
| guardian
|-
| Vorname
| given name
|-
| Vorstadt
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
|}


==== W  ====
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Wagner
|N.N. = nomen nescio
| cartwright
|name not known
|-
|-
| Waise
|nach
| orphan
|to, after, according to
|-
|-
| Wald
|Nachbar
| forest, woods
|neighbor
|-
|-
| wann
|Nachbarschaft
| when
|neighborhood
|-
|-
| Wappen
|nachgelassen
| coat of arms
|surviving
|-
|-
| Wappenkunde
|Nachlaß
| heraldry
|estate, inheritance
|-
|-
| war
|Nachmittag
| was
|afternoon
|-
|-
| waren
|nachmittags
| were
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| warum
|nächst(e)
| why
|next
|-
|-
| was
|Nacht
| what
|night
|-
|-
| Wassersucht
|Näherin
| dropsy, edema
|seamstress
|-
|-
| Weber
|Name
| weaver
|name
|-
|-
| Weduwe
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
| widow
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|-
| wegen
|nat. = natus, nata
| because of
|born
|-
|-
| Wehmutter
|natus, nata
| midwife
|born
|-
|-
| Weib
|neben
| wife, woman
|next to
|-
|-
| weiblich
|Nebenfrau
| female
|concubine
|-
|-
| weil. = weiland
|Neffe
| deceased
|nephew
|-
|-
| weiland
|nemlich
| deceased
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|-
| Weiland
|Nervenfieber
| the deceased
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|-
| Weiler
|neu
| hamlet
|new
|-
|-
| weiß
|neun
| white
|nine
|-
|-
| Weißgerber
|neunte
| tanner
|ninth
|-
|-
| welche
|neunundzwanzigte
| which
|twenty-ninth
|-
|-
| wer
|neunzehn
| who
|nineteen
|-
|-
| werden
|neunzehnhundert
| to become
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| West
|neunzehnte
| west
|nineteenth
|-
|-
| weyland
|neunzig
| deceased
|ninety
|-
|-
| wie
|neunzigste
| how
|ninetieth
|-
|-
| Windpocken
|Nicht
| chicken pox
|not
|-
|-
| Wintermonat
|Nichte
| November
|niece
|-
|-
| Wirt
|nichts
| innkeeper
|nothing
|-
|-
| Wittib
|nie
| widow
|never
|-
|-
| Wittiber
|nieder
| widower
|lower
|-
|-
| Witwer
|niederländisch
| widower
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|-
| wo
|noch
| where
|still
|-
|-
| Woche
|noch lebende
| week
|still living
|-
|-
| Wochenbett
|noch nicht
| childbed
|not yet
|-
|-
| woher
|Nord
| from where
|north
|-
|-
| wohnen
|Notizen
| to live, residing
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|-
| Wohnort
|Nottaufe
| place of residence
|emergency baptism
|-
|-
| Wohnplatz
|November
| place of residence
|November
|-
|-
| Wohnung
|Nummer
| domicile, residence
|number
|-
|-
| wollen
|nur
| to want
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|ober
|upper, over
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|oder
|or
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|make known publicly
|-
|oft
|often
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
|maternal uncle
|-
|ohne
|without
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
|without any particular occupation
|-
|-
| Wonnemonat
|Oktober
| May
|October
|-
|-
| Wörterbuch
|Onkel
| dictionary
|uncle
|-
|-
| wurde geboren
|Ort
| was born
|place, town
|-
|-
| wurde getauft
|Ortslexikon
| was baptized
|gazetteer
|-
|-
| würdig
|Osten
| worthy
|east
|-
|-
| Wwe. = Witwe
|Ostern
| widow
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|-
| Wwer. = Witwer
|Ostermonat
| widower
|April
|}
|-
 
|Ostern
==== X  ====
|Easter
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Österreich
| '''English'''
|Austria
|-
|-
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris
|österreichisch
| December
|Austrian
|}
|}


==== Z  ====
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
| zählen
| to count
|-
| Zahnkrämpfe
| teething
|-
|-
| Zahnung
|Pächter
| teething
|leaseholder
|-
|-
| zehn
|Pate
| ten
|godfather
|-
|-
| Zehnt(en)buch
|Paten
| tithing book
|godparents
|-
|-
| zehnte
|Patin
| tenth
|godmother
|-
|-
| Zehnten
|Pest
| tithes
|plague
|-
|-
| zehrendes Fieber
|Pfalz
| consumptive fever
|Palatinate
|-
|-
| Zehrung
|Pfarramt
| consuption
|parish office
|-
|-
| Zeit
|Pfarrbuch
| time
|parish register
|-
|-
| Zeuge
|Pfarrei
| witness
|parish
|-
|-
| Ziegler
|Pfarrer
| brick maker
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|-
| Zimmermann
|Pfarrverweser
| Carpenter
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|-
| Zivilstandsamt
|Pfingsten
| civil registrar's office
|Pentecost
|-
|-
| Zöllner
|Pflegekind
| publican, tax collector
|foster child
|-
|-
| zu Hause
|Pflegesohn
| at home
|foster son
|-
|-
| Zukunft
|Pflegetochter
| future
|foster daughter
|-
|-
| Zuname
|Pfleggericht
| surname, last name
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|-
| zusammen
|Plätterin
| together
|ironer
|-
|-
| zwanzig
|Platz
| twenty
|place (location)
|-
|-
| zwanzigte
|Pocken
| twentieth
|pox, smallpox
|-
|-
| zwei
|Polen
| two
|Poland
|-
|-
| zweihundert
|polnisch
| two hundred
|Polish
|-
|-
| zwei tausend
|Posamentierer
| two thousand
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|-
| zweite
|preußisch
| second
|Prussia
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzigste
|Priester
| twenty-second
|priest
|-
|-
| Zwilling(e)
|Prinz
| twin, twins
|prince
|-
|-
| zwischen
|Prinzessin
| between
|princess
|-
|-
| zwölf
|protestantisch
| twelve
|Protestant
|-
|-
| Zwölfer
|Provinz
| member of a council
|province
|-
|-
| zwölfte
|provinzial
| twelfth
|provincial
|}
|}


[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Räbbe
|rabies
|-
|Rabbiner
|rabbi
|-
|Räcke
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|Racker
|renderer
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|wheelwright
|-
|Radhauer
|wheelwright
|-
|Rathaus
|city hall
|-
|Ratsherr
|alderman
|-
|Ratsmann
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|Rechnung
|account; bill
|-
|rechtgläubig
|orthodox
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
|lawyer
|-
|reformiert
|reformed
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|Register
|register (a book or list)
|-
|Reich
|empire; kingdom
|-
|Reifer
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|Reiter
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|relicta
|widow
|-
|relictus
|widower
|-
|Religion
|religion
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
|baptized, christened
|-
|Rentner
|retired person
|-
|Rheuma
|rheumatism
|-
|Richter
|judge
|-
|Rodel
|register
|-
|Röseler
|whitewasher
|-
|Rössler
|horseman; tanner
|-
|römisch katholisch
|Roman Catholic
|-
|Röt
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|Rotgerber
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|Ruhestand
|retirement
|-
|Ruhr
|dysentery
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|S. = Seite
|page
|-
|s. = siehe
|see the following reference
|-
|Sachsen
|Saxony
|-
|Sackhuhn
|sailmaker
|-
|Säger
|sawyer
|-
|Salbung
|anointing
|-
|Salzmesser
|a salt weigher
|-
|Salzvogt
|salt works overseer
|-
|Samstag
|Saturday
|-
|Sarkhauer
|stonemason
|-
|Satertag
|Saturday
|-
|Sattler
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|Schacherer
|peddler
|-
|Schäfer
|shepherd
|-
|Schaffer
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
|cooper
|-
|Schaffmann
|worker
|-
|Schaffner
|conductor
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|Schalck, Schall
|servant
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|scarlet fever
|-
|Schänker / Schenker
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|Scharnemann
|merchant in a market
|-
|Scharrmacher
|wagon builder
|-
|Scharwerker
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
|tax assessor
|-
|Schatzmann
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|Schatzmeister
|treasurer
|-
|Scheibenreisser
|glazier
|-
|Scheibler
|salt carrier
|-
|Scheiding
|September
|-
|Scheidler
|knife-blade maker
|-
|Scheidung
|divorce
|-
|Schein
|certificate
|-
|Schenkungen
|donations
|-
|Scherer
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|Schichtmeister
|mine paymaster
|-
|Schiffbauer
|shipbuilder
|-
|Schiffer
|shipper; seaman
|-
|Schiffmann
|sailor
|-
|Schiffsmakler
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|Schilderer
|sign painter
|-
|Schindeldecker
|roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|Schindelmacher
|shingle maker
|-
|Schinner
|renderer, skinner
|-
|Schirmmacher
|umbrella maker
|-
|Schirrmacher
|wagon maker
|-
|Schirrmeister
|master wagon maker
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtmann
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtwanter
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|Schlafbaas
|innkeeper
|-
|Schlaganfall
|stroke, seizure
|-
|Schlagfluß
|stroke
|-
|Schlieper
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|Schösser
|tax collector
|-
|Schotte
|peddler
|-
|Schottler
|turner; key maker
|-
|Schottilier
|turner; carpenter
|-
|Schreiber
|scribe, clerk
|-
|Schreiner
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|tailor
|-
|Schröer
|tailor
|-
|Schröter
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuhmacher
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schule
|school
|-
|Schullehrer
|schoolteacher
|-
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|Schüssler
|bowl maker
|-
|Schuster
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schutzmann
|policeman
|-
|Schuwarte
|shoemaker
|-
|Schwäche
|weakness
|-
|Schwager
|brother-in-law
|-
|Schwägerin
|sister-in-law
|-
|Schwaiger
|shepherd
|-
|schwanger
|pregnant
|-
|schwarz
|black
|-
|schwarzer Tod
|black death; plague
|-
|Schwarzgiesser
|iron smelter
|-
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|pigherd
|-
|Schweisser
|welder
|-
|Schweiz
|Switzerland
|-
|Schweizer
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|Schwendimann
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|Schwerdtfeger
|armorer
|-
|Schwester
|sister
|-
|Schwiegermutter
|mother-in-law
|-
|Schwiegersohn
|son-in-law
|-
|Schwiegertochter
|daughter-in-law
|-
|Schwiegervater
|father-in-law
|-
|Schwindsucht
|consumption
|-
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|son of
|-
|sechs
|six
|-
|sechste
|sixth
|-
|sechsundzwanzig
|twenty-six
|-
|sechsundzwanzigste
|twenty-sixth
|-
|sechzehnhundert
|sixteen hundred
|-
|sechzehn
|sixteen
|-
|sechzehnte
|sixteenth
|-
|sechzig
|sixty
|-
|sechzigste
|sixtieth
|-
|See
|lake
|-
|Seelen
|souls
|-
|Seelenregister
|church membership list
|-
|Seelsorger
|minister, chaplain
|-
|Seemann
|sailor
|-
|Segner
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|Seitenstechen
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|Sibmacher
|sieve maker
|-
|sich
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|sie
|she, they
|-
|Sie
|you
|-
|sieben
|seven
|-
|siebente
|seventh
|-
|siebenundzwanzigste
|twenty-seventh
|-
|siebte
|seventh
|-
|siebzehn
|seventeen
|-
|siebzehnhundert
|seventeen hundred
|-
|siebzehnte
|seventeenth
|-
|siebzig
|seventy
|-
|siebzigste
|seventieth
|-
|Sieder
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|siehe
|see
|-
|Sigrist
|sexton
|-
|sind
|are
|-
|so
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|Sohn
|son
|-
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|young son
|-
|Soldat
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|sollen
|should
|-
|Sonnabend
|Saturday
|-
|Sonntag
|Sunday
|-
|spät
|late (p.m.)
|-
|Spengler
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|spur. = spurius, spuria
|illegitimate
|-
|Staat
|state
|-
|Staatsangehörigkeit
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|Staatsarchiv
|state archives
|-
|Stadt
|city
|-
|Stammbaum
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|Stand
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|Standesamt
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|starb
|died
|-
|Steinhauer
|stonecutter
|-
|Steinmetz
|stonemason
|-
|stellen
|place, put, impose
|-
|Stellmacher
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|Sterbefälle
|deaths
|-
|sterben
|to die
|-
|Steuer
|tax
|-
|Stickfluß
|asthma
|-
|Stiefbruder
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|Stiefkind
|stepchild
|-
|Stiefmutter
|stepmother
|-
|Stiefschwester
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|Stiefvater
|stepfather
|-
|Stillgeburt
|stillbirth
|-
|Straße
|street
|-
|Stunde
|hour
|-
|Sucht
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|Süden
|south
|-
|S.v. = Sohn von
|son of
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===T===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
|daughter of
|-
|T.v. = Tochter von
|daughter of
|-
|Tabelle
|index, table
|-
|Tag
|day
|-
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|-
|Tagner
|day laborer
|-
|Tal, Thal
|valley
|-
|Tante
|aunt
|-
|Tapazier
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|Tapeten
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|Tapezierer
|Upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfe
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfin
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapeziermeister
|Master upholsterer
|-
|Taufe
|baptism
|-
|taufen
|to baptize
|-
|Taufpaten
|godparents
|-
|Taufschein
|baptismal certificate
|-
|tausend
|thousand
|-
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|Testament
|will
|-
|Tischler
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|Tochter
|daughter
|-
|Töchterchen
|young daughter
|-
|Töchterlein
|young daughter
|-
|Tochtermann
|son-in-law
|-
|Tod
|death
|-
|Todesart
|manner of death
|-
|Töpfer
|potter
|-
|tot
|dead
|-
|Totengräber
|grave digger
|-
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
|stillborn
|-
|Trauung
|marriage
|-
|Trennung
|separation, divorce
|-
|tschechisch
|Czech
|-
|Tschechoslowakai
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|Tschismenmacher
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|Tuberkulose
|tuberculosis
|-
|Tuchbereiter
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|Tuchmacher
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|Tumor
|tumor
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===U===
 
über
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|u.d. = und des, und der
|and of
|-
|über
|about, concerning, over
|-
|überleben
|survive
|-
|Uhr
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|um
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|unbekannt
|unknown
|-
|und
|and
|-
|und der
|and of
|-
|und des
|and of
|-
|unehelich
|illegitimate
|-
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|-
|Ungarn
|Hungary
|-
|ungefähr
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|uns
|us
|-
|unter
|under, lower
|-
|Unterleib
|abdomen
|-
|Unterleibsentzündung
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|Unterleibstyphus
|typhoid fever
|-
|Unterleibsverhärtung
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|Unterrichter
|judge
|-
|Unterschrieben
|signed
|-
|Unterschrift
|signature
|-
|Unterzeichnete
|the undersigned
|-
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
|unmarried
|-
|unzeitiges Kind
|premature child
|-
|Urenkelkind
|great-grandchild
|-
|Urgroßmutter
|great-grandmother
|-
|Urgroßvater
|great-grandfather
|-
|Urkunde
|record, document
|-
|Ururgroßmutter
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|Ururgroßvater
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|ux. = uxor
|wife
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===V===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Vater
|father
|-
|verehelicht
|married
|-
|Verehelichung
|marriage
|-
|vergangen
|past
|-
|vergraben
|buried
|-
|verh. = verheiratet
|married
|-
|Verkäufer
|seller, vendor
|-
|verl. = verlobt
|engaged
|-
|verlebte
|deceased
|-
|verloben, sich
|to become engaged
|-
|Verlobte
|fiancée
|-
|Verlobter
|fiancé
|-
|Verlobung
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|Vermieter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|Vermögen
|estate, assets
|-
|Verpächter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|verrichtet
|performed
|-
|verschiedene
|various
|-
|versehen
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|Verstopfung
|constipation
|-
|verstorben
|deceased, defunct
|-
|Verstorbene
|the deceased
|-
|Verwaltung
|administration
|-
|Verwandten
|relatives
|-
|Verwandtschaft
|relationship
|-
|verwitwet
|widowed
|-
|Verzeichnis
|register, list, index
|-
|Vetter
|male cousin
|-
|vid. = viduus, vidua
|widower, widow
|-
|vielleicht
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|vier
|four
|-
|vierte
|fourth
|-
|vierundzwanzigste
|twenty-fourth
|-
|vierzehn
|fourteen
|-
|vierzehnte
|fourteenth
|-
|vierzig
|forty
|-
|vierzigste
|fortieth
|-
|Vogt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Voigt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Volkszählung
|census
|-
|volljährig
|of age, of legal age
|-
|vollzogen
|performed
|-
|von
|of, from, by
|-
|vor
|before; ago
|-
|vorgestern
|the day before yesterday
|-
|vorherig
|previous, preceding
|-
|vorheriger Tag
|the previous day
|-
|vorläufig
|for the time being
|-
|vormals
|formerly
|-
|Vormittags
|in the morning
|-
|Vormund
|guardian
|-
|Vorname
|given name
|-
|Vorstadt
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===W===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Wagner
|cartwright
|-
|Waise
|orphan
|-
|Wald
|forest, woods
|-
|wann
|when
|-
|Wappen
|coat of arms
|-
|Wappenkunde
|heraldry
|-
|war
|was
|-
|waren
|were
|-
|warum
|why
|-
|was
|what
|-
|Wassersucht
|dropsy, edema
|-
|Weber
|weaver
|-
|Weduwe
|widow
|-
|wegen
|because of
|-
|Wehmutter
|midwife
|-
|Weib
|wife, woman
|-
|weiblich
|female
|-
|weil. = weiland
|deceased
|-
|weiland
|deceased
|-
|Weiland
|the deceased
|-
|Weiler
|hamlet
|-
|weiß
|white
|-
|Weißgerber
|tanner
|-
|welche
|which
|-
|Weltpriester
|a secular priest
|-
|wer
|who
|-
|werden
|to become
|-
|West
|west
|-
|weyland
|deceased
|-
|wie
|how
|-
|Wiedertäufer
|Anabaptist
|-
|Windpocken
|chicken pox
|-
|Wintermonat
|November
|-
|Wirt
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|Wittib
|widow
|-
|Wittiber
|widower
|-
|Witwer
|widower
|-
|wo
|where
|-
|Woche
|week
|-
|Wochenbett
|childbed
|-
|Wöchnerin
|woman in childbed
|-
|woher
|from where
|-
|wohnen
|to live, residing
|-
|Wohnort
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnplatz
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnung
|domicile, residence
|-
|wollen
|to want
|-
|Wonnemonat
|May
|-
|Wörterbuch
|dictionary
|-
|wurde geboren
|was born
|-
|wurde getauft
|was baptized
|-
|würdig
|worthy
|-
|Wwe. = Witwe
|widow
|-
|Wwer. = Witwer
|widower
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===X===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Xber, Xbris
|December
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===Z===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|-
|zehn
|ten
|-
|Zehnt(en)buch
|tithing book
|-
|zehnte
|tenth
|-
|Zehnten
|tithes
|-
|zehrendes Fieber
|consumptive fever
|-
|Zehrung
|consumption
|-
|Zeit
|time
|-
|Zentner
|hundredweight
|-
|Zeuge
|witness
|-
|Ziegler
|brick maker
|-
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|Zimmermann
|Carpenter
|-
|Zivilstandsamt
|civil registrar's office
|-
|Zöllner
|publican, tax collector
|-
|zu Hause
|at home
|-
|Zukunft
|future
|-
|Zuname
|surname, last name
|-
|zusammen
|together
|-
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|Zuständigkeitsort
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|zwanzig
|twenty
|-
|zwanzigte
|twentieth
|-
|zwei
|two
|-
|zweihundert
|two hundred
|-
|zwei tausend
|two thousand
|-
|zweite
|second
|-
|zweiundzwanzigste
|twenty-second
|-
|Zwilling(e)
|twin, twins
|-
|zwischen
|between
|-
|zwölf
|twelve
|-
|Zwölfer
|member of a council
|-
|zwölfte
|twelfth
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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