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This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de].Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
{| style="float:left; margin-right: 15px; width:240px;"
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| __TOC__
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==Introduction==


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


__FORCETOC__
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


==Language Characteristics==
==Language Characteristics==


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.  
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
 
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum.


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


==Diacritic Marks==
==Diacritic Marks==


German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters&nbsp;I (i) and Ü (ü).  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
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|ß
|ß
|Alt + 225
|Alt + 225
|&nbsp;
|  
|&nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
|Ÿ
|Ÿ
Line 71: Line 79:
|Alt + 152
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


==Alphabetical Order==
==Alphabetical Order==
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==Spelling==
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b
*p used for b
Line 99: Line 108:
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und
== Transcription ==
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
== Transliteration ==
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages.  The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
Line 117: Line 144:


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


==Key Words==
==Key Words==
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|-
|-
|wife
|wife
|Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|-
|year
|year
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Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].  
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].  


To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.  
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.


===Months===
===Months===
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|-
|-
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|&nbsp;
|  
|'''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
|Sunday
|Sunday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Sonntag
|Sonntag
|-
|-
|Monday
|Monday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Montag
|Montag
|-
|-
|Tuesday
|Tuesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Dienstag
|Dienstag
|-
|-
|Wednesday
|Wednesday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Mittwoch
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
|Thursday
|Thursday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Donnerstag
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
|Friday
|Friday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
|Saturday
|Saturday
|&nbsp;
|  
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
|}
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|mitternachts
|mitternachts
|at midnight
|at midnight
|-
|Diesen tag
|this (very) day, today
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 364: Line 398:


==Occupations==
==Occupations==
 
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.


==Medical Terminology==
==Medical Terminology==
 
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms


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|-
|-
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
|'''Cardinal'''
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Ordinal'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
|1
|1
|one
|eins
|eins
|erste
|erste
|-
|-
|2
|2
|two
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|zweite
|-
|-
|3
|3
|three
|drei<br>dreÿ
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|dritte
|-
|-
|4
|4
|four
|vier
|vier
|vierte
|vierte
|-
|-
|5
|5
|five
|fünf
|fünf
|fünfte
|fünfte
|-
|-
|6
|6
|six
|sechs
|sechs
|sechste
|sechste
|-
|-
|7
|7
|seven
|sieben
|sieben
|siebte
|siebte
|-
|-
|8
|8
|eight
|acht
|acht
|achte
|achte
|-
|-
|9
|9
|nine
|neun
|neun
|neunte
|neunte
|-
|-
|10
|10
|ten
|zehn
|zehn
|zehnte
|zehnte
|-
|-
|11
|11
|eleven
|elf<br>eilf
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
|12
|12
|twelve
|zwölf
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|zwölfte
|-
|-
|13
|13
|thirteen
|dreizehn
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
|14
|14
|fourteen
|vierzehn
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
|15
|15
|fifteen
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
|16
|16
|sixteen
|sechzehn
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
|17
|17
|seventeen
|siebzehn
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
|18
|18
|eighteen
|achtzehn
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
|19
|19
|nineteen
|neunzehn
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
|20
|20
|twenty
|zwanzig
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
|21
|21
|twenty-one
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|22
|22
|twenty-two
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|23
|23
|twenty-three
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|24
|24
|twenty-four
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|25
|25
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|26
|26
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|27
|27
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|28
|28
|twenty-eight
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|29
|29
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|30
|30
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|dreißigste
|-
|-
|31
|31
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
|40
|40
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|vierzigste
|-
|-
|50
|50
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
|60
|60
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|sechzigste
|-
|-
|70
|70
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|siebzigste
|-
|-
|80
|80
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|achtzigste
|-
|-
|90
|90
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|neunzigste
|-
|-
|100
|100
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
|101
|101
|one hundred (and) one
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
|102
|102
|one hundred (and) two
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
|120
|120
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
|121
|121
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|122
|122
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|200
|200
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
|300
|300
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
|1.000
|1.000
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
|1.001
|1.001
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
|1.002
|1.002
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
|1.050
|1.050
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
|1.100
|1.100
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
|1.500<br>1500
|1.500<br>1500
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.600<br>1600
|1.600<br>1600
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.700<br>1700
|1.700<br>1700
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.800<br>1800
|1.800<br>1800
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.865<br>1865
|1.865<br>1865
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
|1.900<br>1900
|1.900<br>1900
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|2.000<br>2000
|2.000<br>2000
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
|10.000
|10.000
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
|100.000
|100.000
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
|1.000.000
|1.000.000
|one million
|eine Million
|eine Million
|millionste
|millionste
|-
|-
|1.000.000.000
|1.000.000.000
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|milliardste
|}
|}


==General Word List==
==Types of Farmers==


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.  
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
 
===A===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
Line 635: Line 729:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|Abbauer
|government office, official district
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|-
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|Abnahmemann
|surface mine(s)
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
|Abt. = Abteilung
|Abschiedsmann
|department
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
|a/d = an der, auf der
|Achtelbauer
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
|Achtelhüfner
|lower court, county court
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
|Anh. = Anhalt
|Achtermann
|duchy of Anhalt
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
|ab
|Ackerbauer
|from, since
|farmer
|-
|-
|Abbauer
|Ackerbürger
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|farmer
|-
|-
|Abdecker
|Ackerer
|skinner
|farmer
|-
|-
|Abend
|Ackerknecht
|evening
|farmhand
|-
|-
|Abendmahlgast
|Ackersmann
|communicant
|farmer
|-
|-
|abends
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
|in the evening
|farmer
|-
|-
|Abenteurer
|Altbauer
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
|aber
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
|but
|retired farmer
|-
|-
|abgestorben
|Altenteilerin
|deceased
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|Althufner, Althüfner
|retired farmer
|-
|-
|Ablader
|Altsitzer(in)
|longshoreman
|retired farmer
|-
|-
|Abnahmemann
|Amtsmeier
|retired farmer on life estate
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
|Abnehmer
|Anbauer
|photographer
|small farmer
|-
|-
|Abschiedsmann
|Anspänner
|man retired on life estate
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
|absterben
|Aröder
|to die, to die off
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
|Abstreifer
|Artmann
|renderer; flayer
|farmer
|-
|-
|Abzehrung
|Artmeier
|emaciation, wasting
|farmer
|-
|-
|acht
|Auenhäusler
|eight
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
|achte
|Ausdinger
|eighth
|retired farmer
|-
|-
|Achter
|Auszügler
|juryman
|retired farmer
|-
|-
|achtundzwanzigste
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
|twenty-eighth
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
|achtzehn
|Bauer
|eighteen
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
|achtzehnhundert
|Bauernknecht
|eighteen hundred
|farmhand
|-
|-
|achtzehnte
|Bauknecht
|eighteenth
|farmhand
|-
|-
|achtzig
|Baumann
|eighty
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
|achtzigste
|Beerbter
|eightieth
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
|Ackermann
|Behandinge
|farmer
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|Beibauer
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
|Adel
|Beisasse
|gentry, nobleman
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
|a.D. = außer Dienst
|Beiwohner
|formerly employed, retired
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
|adoptiert
|Beständer
|adopted
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
|Ahnen
|Bestanderlasser
|ancestors
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
|Ahnentafel
|Bestandwirt
|pedigree chart
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
|Akten
|Bödener
|documents
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
|alle
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
|all
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
|allhier
|Brinker
|in this place
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
|alt
|Brinkkötter
|old
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
|Altbürger
|Brinklieger
|full citizen
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
|Alter
|Brinkmann
|age
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
|Altersschwäche
|Brinksitzer
|weakness of old age
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
|-
|-
|ältest
|Büdner
|eldest
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
|alt-katholisch
|Buhmann, Bumann
|old Catholic
|farmer
|-
|-
|Amman
|Buschpächter
|bailiff, magistrate
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
|Amt
|Chalupner, Challupner
|office, district
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|-
|-
|Anbauer
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
|peasant
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
|andere
|Eigengärtner
|other, next
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
|Angeber
|Eigenkäthner
|informant
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
|angeblich
|Eigenkötter
|alleged, assumed
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
|Anhalt
|Einlieger
|duchy of Anhalt
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
|Anmerkungen
|Einspänner
|remarks
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
|Anspänner
|Erbbauer
|farmer
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
|apostolisch
|Erbpächter
|Apostolic
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
|April
|Exner
|April
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
|Arbeiter
|Feuerstättler
|laborer, worker
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
|Archiv
|Freibauer
|archive
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
|arm
|Freigärtner
|poor
|free farmer
|-
|-
|Armut
|Fröhner
|poverty
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
|Arzt
|Gärtner
|physician
|farmer
|-
|-
|auch
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
|also, too
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
|auf
|Gesinde
|on, upon, at
|male or female hired help on a farm
|-
|-
|aufbieten
|Häker, Häcker
|post banns
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
|-
|-
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|Halblechner, Halblehner
|residence permit
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
|Aufenthaltsort
|Heuerling
|residence
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Aufgebot
|Hofer
|publication of banns
|farmer
|-
|-
|Aufnahmebuch
|Hofgänger
|book listing debts
|farmhand
|-
|-
|Aufnahmeland
|Hofmann
|country to which one immigrated
|farmer
|-
|Hofstädtler
|farmer
|-
|-
|August
|Hofwirth
|August
|farmer
|-
|-
|aus
|Hoppenplöcker
|from, out of
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|-
|außen
|Hortulanus
|outside
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|-
|äußere
|Huber
|outside, outward, external
|farmer
|-
|-
|außerehelich
|Hübler
|illegitimate
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|-
|Auswanderer
|Hüttler, Hitler
|emigrant
|cottager
|-
|-
|Auswanderung
|Inlieger
|emigration
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Ausweis
|Inste, Instmann
|identification document
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Auszehrung
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
|Auszug
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
|extract
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Kampheuerling
|'''English'''
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
|B. = Bezirk
|Kirchdotale
|district or area
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
|BA. = Bezirksamt
|Kitzmann
|district office
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
|Bay. = Bayern
|Knecht
|Bavaria
|farmhand
|-
|-
|Bd. = Band
|Kölmer
|volume
|farmer who is "half free"
|-
|-
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
|Köter, Kötter
|railroad station
|cottager
|-
|-
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|Kolon
|military district command
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|-
|-
|bz. = beziehungsweise
|Kolonist
|or, respectively
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
|Bäcker
|Kolupner
|baker
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|-
|-
|Bad
|Kossate, Kossäth
|spa, resort
|cottager
|-
|-
|Badeort
|Kotsass, Kotasse
|spa, health resort
|cottager
|-
|-
|Band
|Landmann
|volume
|farmer
|-
|-
|Baptist
|Lehner
|Baptist
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
|Baron
|Magd
|baron
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
|Bauer
|Meyer
|farmer, peasant
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
|Bayern
|Ochsner
|Bavaria
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
|Beamter
|Ökonom
|official, registrar
|farmer
|-
|-
|Beck(er)
|Pachtbauer
|baker
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
|beerdigt
|Päger
|buried
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
|Beerdigung
|Pfarrdotale
|burial, interment
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
|beglaubigt
|Robotgärtner
|certified, attested
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
|begraben
|Rössner
|buried
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
|Begräbnis
|Scharknecht
|burial
|farmhand
|-
|-
|Beichte
|Söldner
|confession
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
|beide
|Strassenkötter
|both
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
|Beilage
|Tagelöhner
|supplement
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Bekannte(r)
|Tagner
|acquaintance
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Bekehrung
|Tauner, Thauner
|conversion
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Belege
|Viertelbauer
|proof, documentation
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
|Bemerkungen
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
|remarks
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
|Berg
|Viertellehner
|hill, mountain
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
|Bergmann
|Vollbauer
|miner
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
|Beruf
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
|occupation, profession
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
|Beschreibung
|Vollmaier
|description
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
|Besitzer
|Vollspänner
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
|bestätigt
|Weingärtner
|confirmed, verified
|wine grower
|-
|-
|bestattet
|Weingartknecht
|buried
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
|bettlägerig
|Weinzettel
|bedridden
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
|Bettler
|Widumer
|beggar
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
|Bevölkerungsregister
|Winzer
|population register
|wine grower
|-
|-
|bevorstehend
|Wirt, Wirth
|previously mentioned
|farmer
|-
|-
|Bezirk
|Zettelmann
|district
|farmhand
|-
|-
|Biographie
|Zweispänner
|biography
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
===A===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Bischof
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|bishop
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Bistum
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|diocese
|government office, official district
|-
|-
|Blattern
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|smallpox
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
|blutend
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
|bleeding
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
|Blütenmonat
|Abt. = Abteilung
|May
|department
|-
|-
|Blutsverwandschaft
|a/d = an der, auf der
|blood relationship
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
|Böhmen
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
|Bohemia
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
|Bootsmann
|Anh. = Anhalt
|bargeman, boatman
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
|Böttcher
|ab
|cooper, barrel maker
|from, since
|-
|-
|Brauer
|Abbauer
|brewer
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
|Bräune
|Abdecker
|diphtheria
|skinner
|-
|-
|Braut
|Abend
|bride
|evening
|-
|-
|Bräutigam
|Abendmahlgast
|bridegroom
|communicant
|-
|-
|Brücke
|abends
|bridge
|in the evening
|-
|-
|Bruder
|Abenteurer
|brother
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
|Bub
|aber
|boy
|but
|-
|-
|Buch
|abgestorben
|book
|deceased
|-
|-
|Büdner
|Ablader
|cottager
|longshoreman
|-
|-
|Burg
|Abnahmemann
|castle, fortress
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
|Bürger
|Abnehmer
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|photographer
|-
|-
|Bürgerbuch
|Abschiedsmann
|citizen register
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
|Bürgermeister
|absterben
|mayor
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
|Bursch
|Abstreifer
|young man
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
|Büttner
|Abzehrung
|barrel maker
|emaciation, wasting
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|acht
|'''English'''
|eight
|-
|-
|ca. = circa
|achte
|about
|eighth
|-
|-
|Chirug
|Achter
|surgeon
|juryman
|-
|-
|Christmonat
|achtundzwanzigste
|December
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
|Colonist
|achtzehn
|settler, tenant farmer
|eighteen
|-
|-
|Comparent
|achtzehnhundert
|informant
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
|copulieren
|achtzehnte
|to marry
|eighteenth
|-
|-
|Cossate, Cossathe
|achtzig
|cottager
|eighty
|-
|-
|cribrarius
|achtzigste
|sieve maker (Latin)
|eightieth
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Ackermann
|'''English'''
|farmer
|-
|-
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|Adel
|the
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
|D. = Dorf
|a.D. = außer Dienst
|village
|formerly employed, retired
|-
|-
|das. = daselbst
|adoptiert
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|adopted
|-
|-
|Dachdecker
|Ahnen
|roofer
|ancestors
|-
|-
|dänisch
|Ahnentafel
|Danish
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
|das
|Akten
|the
|documents
|-
|-
|daselbst
|alle
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|all
|-
|-
|Datum
|allhier
|date
|in this place
|-
|-
|Dekanat
|alt
|deanery
|old
|-
|-
|dem, den
|Altbürger
|the
|full citizen
|-
|-
|der
|Alter
|the, of the
|age
|-
|-
|derselbe
|Altersschwäche
|the same
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
|des
|ältest
|of the
|eldest
|-
|-
|deutsch
|alt-katholisch
|German
|old Catholic
|-
|-
|Deutschland
|Amman
|Germany
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
|Dezember
|Amt
|December
|office, district
|-
|-
|die
|Anbauer
|the
|peasant
|-
|-
|Diener
|andere
|servant
|other, next
|-
|-
|Dienst
|Angeber
|service, employment
|informant
|-
|-
|Dienstag
|angeblich
|Tuesday
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
|Dienstmagd
|angeheiratet
|servant girl
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
|dieser
|Anhalt
|this, these
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
|Distrikt
|Anmerkungen
|district
|remarks
|-
|-
|Domäne
|Ansiedler
|domain
|settler
|-
|-
|Donnerstag
|Anspänner
|Thursday
|farmer
|-
|-
|Dorf
|Anzeigender
|village
|informant
|-
|-
|dort
|apostolisch
|there
|Apostolic
|-
|-
|drei
|April
|three
|April
|-
|-
|dreißig
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
|thirty
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
|dreißigste
|Arbeitsbuch
|thirtieth
|employment record book
|-
|-
|dreiundzwanzigste
|Archiv
|twenty-third
|archive
|-
|-
|dreizehn
|arm
|thirteen
|poor
|-
|-
|dreizehnte
|Armut
|thirteenth
|poverty
|-
|-
|dritte
|Arzt
|third
|physician
|-
|-
|Duplikat
|auch
|duplicate record
|also, too
|-
|-
|durch
|auf
|through
|on, upon, at
|-
|-
|Durchfall
|aufbieten
|diarrhea
|post banns
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|'''English'''
|residence permit
|-
|-
|E. = Einwohner
|Aufenthaltsort
|residents, population
|residence
|-
|-
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
|Aufgebot
|railroad, train
|publication of banns
|-
|-
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|Aufnahmebuch
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|book listing debts
|-
|-
|ebenda
|Aufnahmeland
|at the same place
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
|Ehe
|August
|marriage
|August
|-
|-
|Ehebrecher
|aus
|adulterer
|from, out of
|-
|-
|Ehebruch
|außen
|adultery
|outside
|-
|-
|Ehefrau
|äußere
|wife, housewife
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
|Ehehindernis
|außerehelich
|hinderance to marriage
|illegitimate
|-
|-
|ehel. = ehelich
|Auswanderer
|legitimate
|emigrant
|-
|-
|eheleiblich
|Auswanderung
|legitimate
|emigration
|-
|-
|Eheleute
|Ausweis
|married couple
|identification document
|-
|-
|ehelich
|Auszehrung
|legitimate
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
|ehemals
|Auszug
|formerly
|extract
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Ehemann
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|husband
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Ehepaar
|B. = Bezirk
|married couple
|district or area
|-
|-
|Ehescheidung
|BA. = Bezirksamt
|divorce
|district office
|-
|-
|Eheschließung
|Bay. = Bayern
|marriage
|Bavaria
|-
|-
|Ehestand
|Bd. = Band
|married state
|volume
|-
|-
|Eheverkündigungen
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
|marriage banns
|railroad station
|-
|-
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|betrothal, engagement
|military district command
|-
|-
|Eidam (Eidmann)
|bz. = beziehungsweise
|son-in-law
|or, respectively
|-
|-
|Eigentümer
|Bäcker
|proprietor, property owner
|baker
|-
|-
|ein, eine
|Bad
|a, one, an
|spa, resort
|-
|-
|Einbürgerung
|Badeort
|naturalization
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
|Einlieger
|Bader
|landless farm laborer
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
|eins
|Band
|one
|volume
|-
|-
|Einsender
|Baptist
|informant, declarant
|Baptist
|-
|-
|eintausendachthundert
|Baron
|eighteen hundred
|baron
|-
|-
|eintausendfünfhundert
|Bauer
|fifteen hundred
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
|eintausendneunhundert
|Bayern
|nineteen hundred
|Bavaria
|-
|-
|eintausendsechshundert
|Beamter
|sixteen hundred
|official, registrar
|-
|-
|eintausendsiebenhundert
|Beck(er)
|seventeen hundred
|baker
|-
|-
|einunddreissig
|beerdigt
|thirty-one
|buried
|-
|-
|einunddreissigste
|Beerdigung
|thirty-first
|burial, interment
|-
|-
|einundzwanzigste
|beglaubigt
|twenty-first
|certified, attested
|-
|-
|Einwanderer
|begraben
|immigrant
|buried
|-
|-
|Einwanderung
|Begräbnis
|immigration
|burial
|-
|-
|Einwilligung
|bei
|permission
|at, in, by
|-
|-
|Einwohner
|inhabitant
|-
|-
|einzige
|Beichte
|only
|confession
|-
|-
|Eisenbahn
|beide
|railroad
|both
|-
|-
|Eiterbeule
|Beilage
|abscess
|supplement
|-
|-
|elf
|Bekannte(r)
|eleven
|acquaintance
|-
|-
|elfte
|Bekehrung
|eleventh
|conversion
|-
|-
|Eltern
|Beklagter(in)
|parents
|defendant
|-
|-
|Enkel
|Belege
|grandson
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
|Enkelin
|Bemerkungen
|granddaughter
|remarks
|-
|-
|Enkelkind
|Berg
|grandchild
|hill, mountain
|-
|-
|eod(em)
|Bergmann
|the same, ditto
|miner
|-
|-
|Epilepsie
|Beruf
|epilepsy
|occupation, profession
|-
|-
|er
|Beschreibung
|he
|description
|-
|-
|Erben
|Besitzer
|heirs
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
|Erbschaft
|Bestandmüller
|inheritance
|mill tenant
|-
|-
|erhalten
|bestätigt
|received, receive
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
|erklärt
|bestattet
|declared
|buried
|-
|-
|Erlassung
|bettlägerig
|dispensation, permission
|bedridden
|-
|-
|Ermächtigung
|Bettler
|authorization
|beggar
|-
|-
|Ernting
|Bevölkerungsregister
|August
|population register
|-
|-
|errechnet
|bevorstehend
|approximated, calculated
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
|erschien
|Bezirk
|appeared
|district
|-
|-
|erste
|Biographie
|first
|biography
|-
|-
|erstgeboren
|Bischof
|firstborn
|bishop
|-
|-
|ertrank, ertrunken
|Bistum
|drowned
|diocese
|-
|-
|erzeugen
|Blattern
|beget
|smallpox
|-
|-
|erzeugt
|blutend
|begat
|bleeding
|-
|-
|es
|Blütenmonat
|it
|May
|-
|-
|et uxor
|Blutsverwandschaft
|and wife (Latin)
|blood relationship
|-
|-
|evangelisch
|Böhmen
|evangelical
|Bohemia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===F===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Bootsmann
|'''English'''
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
|Fabrikant
|Böttcher
|manufacturer
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|Fallkind
|Brauer
|illegitimate child
|brewer
|-
|-
|Familie
|Bräune
|family
|diphtheria
|-
|-
|Familienbuch
|Braut
|family register
|bride
|-
|-
|Familienforschung
|Bräutigam
|genealogical research
|bridegroom
|-
|-
|Familienregister
|Brücke
|family register
|bridge
|-
|-
|Färber
|Bruder
|dyer
|brother
|-
|-
|Faßbinder
|Bub
|cooper, barrel maker
|boy
|-
|-
|Fäule
|Buch
|cancer
|book
|-
|-
|Fayencenhändler
|Büdner
|porcelain merchant
|cottager
|-
|-
|Februar
|Burg
|February
|castle, fortress
|-
|-
|Fehlgeburt
|Bürger
|miscarriage
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
|Festtag
|Bürgerbuch
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|citizen register
|-
|-
|Festung
|Bürgermeister
|fortress
|mayor
|-
|-
|Fieber
|Büroangestellte
|fever
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
|Findling
|Bursch, Pursch
|foundling
|young man
|-
|-
|Firmung
|Büttner
|confirmation
|barrel maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Fischer
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|fisher
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Fl. = Florin
|ca. = circa
|standard monetary unit
|about
|-
|-
|Flecken
|Chirug
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|surgeon
|-
|-
|Fleckfieber
|Christmonat
|spotted fever, typhus
|December
|-
|-
|Fleischer
|Colonist
|butcher
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Fleischhauer
|Comparent
|butcher
|informant
|-
|-
|Flüchtling
|copulieren
|refugee, deserter
|to marry
|-
|-
|Fluß
|Cossate, Cossathe
|river
|cottager
|-
|-
|folgende
|cribrarius
|following, next
|sieve maker (Latin)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Forst
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|forest
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Förster
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|forester
|the
|-
|-
|Fourier
|D. = Dorf
|quartermaster
|village
|-
|-
|Fraisen
|das. = daselbst
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
|Frankreich
|Dachdecker
|France
|roofer
|-
|-
|Frau
|dahier
|Mrs., wife, woman
|here
|-
|-
|Fräulein
|dänisch
|Miss, unmarried woman
|Danish
|-
|-
|Freibauer
|das
|farmer who owns his own land
|the
|-
|-
|Freiherr
|daselbst
|baron
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
|Freitag
|Datum
|Friday
|date
|-
|-
|fremd
|Dekanat
|foreign, strange
|deanery
|-
|-
|Freund
|dem, den
|friend
|the
|-
|-
|Friedhof
|der
|cemetery
|the, of the
|-
|-
|früh
|derselbe
|early (a.m.)
|the same
|-
|-
|früher
|des
|former, formerly
|of the
|-
|deutsch
|German
|-
|Deutschland
|Germany
|-
|-
|fünf
|Dezember
|five
|December
|-
|-
|fifth
|die
|the
|-
|-
|fünfundzwanzigste
|Diener
|twenty-fifth
|servant
|-
|-
|fünfzehn
|Dienst
|fifteen
|service, employment
|-
|-
|fünfzehnhundert
|Dienstag
|fifteen hundred
|Tuesday
|-
|-
|fünfzehnte
|Dienstbotin
|fifteenth
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
|fünfzig
|Dienstmagd
|fifty
|servant girl
|-
|-
|fünfzigste
|dieser
|fiftieth
|this, these
|-
|-
|für
|dimittiert, dimittirt
|for
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
|Fürst
|Dispensation(en)
|prince, count
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
|Fürstentum
|Distrikt
|principality
|district
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===G===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Domäne
|'''English'''
|domain
|-
|-
|G. = Gericht
|Dominikalist
|court
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
|geb. = geboren
|Donnerstag
|born, maiden name
|Thursday
|-
|-
|Gem. = Gemeinde
|Dorf
|community, municipality, parish, town
|village
|-
|-
|gest. = gestorben
|dort
|died
|there
|-
|-
|get. = getauft
|drei
|baptized, christened
|three
|-
|-
|Gr. = Groß
|dreißig
|Great (part of place name)
|thirty
|-
|-
|Gärtner
|dreißigste
|gardener
|thirtieth
|-
|-
|Gastwirt
|dreiundzwanzigste
|innkeeper
|twenty-third
|-
|-
|Gatte
|dreizehn
|husband
|thirteen
|-
|-
|Gattin
|dreizehnte
|wife
|thirteenth
|-
|-
|geben, gab
|dritte
|given, gave
|third
|-
|-
|Gebiet
|Duplikat
|region, area, zone
|duplicate record
|-
|-
|geboren
|durch
|born, maiden name
|through
|-
|-
|Gebühren
|Durchfall
|fees
|diarrhea
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Geburt
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|birth
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Geburtsort
|E. = Einwohner
|place of birth
|residents, population
|-
|-
|Geburtsschein
|ehrngeachte
|birth certificate
|honorable
|-
|-
|Geburtsurkunde
|einkindschaften
|birth certificate
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
|gegen
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
|against, towards
|railroad, train
|-
|-
|geheiratet
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|married
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
|gehört
|ebenda
|belongs (to)
|at the same place
|-
|-
|Geistliche(r)
|Ehe
|clergyman
|marriage
|-
|-
|Gelbsucht
|Ehebrecher
|jaundice
|adulterer
|-
|-
|Geld
|Ehebruch
|money
|adultery
|-
|-
|Gemahl(in)
|Ehefrau
|spouse, husband, wife
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
|Gemeinde
|Ehehindernis
|community, municipality, parish, town
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
|Gemeindemann
|ehel. = ehelich
|village official, village resident
|legitimate
|-
|-
|Gemeindsmann
|eheleiblich
|citizen with full rights
|legitimate
|-
|-
|gemelli
|Eheleute
|twins
|married couple
|-
|-
|genannt
|ehelich
|named, alias, called
|legitimate
|-
|-
|Genealogie
|ehemals
|genealogy
|formerly
|-
|-
|Gerber
|Ehemann
|tanner
|husband
|-
|-
|Gericht
|Ehepaar
|court
|married couple
|-
|-
|Gerichtsmann
|Ehescheidung
|juryman
|divorce
|-
|-
|Gerichtsschreiber
|Eheschließung
|court clerk
|marriage
|-
|-
|Gerichtsverwandter
|Ehestand
|member of the judicial court
|married state
|-
|-
|gesagt
|Eheverkündigungen
|said, stated
|marriage banns
|-
|-
|Geschichte
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|history
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
|geschieden
|Eidam (Eidmann)
|divorced
|son-in-law
|-
|-
|Geschlecht
|Eigentümer
|gender, sex, lineage
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
|Geschlechterbücher
|ein, eine
|lineage books
|a, one, an
|-
|-
|Geschlechtsname
|Einbürgerung
|surname
|naturalization
|-
|-
|Geschwister
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|day laborer
|-
|-
|Geschwulst
|Einlieger
|swelling, tumor
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
|Geselle
|eins
|journeyman
|one
|-
|-
|Gesellschaft
|Einsender
|society, group
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
|Gesetz
|eintausendachthundert
|law
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
|gesetzlich
|eintausendfünfhundert
|legal
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
|gestern
|eintausendneunhundert
|yesterday
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
|gestorben
|eintausendsechshundert
|died
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
|Getaufte
|eintausendsiebenhundert
|person who was baptized
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
|getr. = getraut
|einunddreissig
|married
|thirty-one
|-
|-
|Getraute
|einunddreissigste
|married couple
|thirty-first
|-
|-
|Gevatter
|einundzwanzigste
|godfather
|twenty-first
|-
|-
|Gewerbe
|Einwanderer
|trade, occupation
|immigrant
|-
|-
|Gicht
|Einwanderung
|gout, arthritis
|immigration
|-
|-
|Gilde
|einwilligend
|guild
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
|Glaube
|Einwilligung
|belief, faith
|permission
|-
|-
|Glauben
|Einwohner
|religious affiliation
|inhabitant
|-
|-
|gleich
|einzige
|same, alike, similar, right away
|only
|-
|-
|Graf
|Eisenbahn
|count (nobleman), earl
|railroad
|-
|-
|Grafschaft
|Eiterbeule
|county
|abscess
|-
|-
|Grenze
|elf
|border
|eleven
|-
|-
|groß
|elfte
|big, great, large
|eleventh
|-
|-
|Großeltern
|Eltern
|grandparents
|parents
|-
|-
|großjährig
|Enkel
|of age
|grandson
|-
|-
|Großmutter
|Enkelin
|grandmother
|granddaughter
|-
|-
|Großneffe
|Enkelkind
|great-nephew
|grandchild
|-
|-
|Großnichte
|eod(em)
|great-niece
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
|Großvater
|Epilepsie
|grandfather
|epilepsy
|-
|-
|Grundbuch
|er
|land register
|he
|-
|-
|Gulden
|Erben
|standard monetary unit, florin
|heirs
|-
|-
|Gürtler
|Erbschaft
|maker of straps and belts
|inheritance
|-
|-
|Gut
|erhalten
|property, estate
|received, receive
|-
|-
|gut
|erklärt
|good
|declared
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===H===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Erlassung
|'''English'''
|dispensation, permission
|-
|-
|Hann. = Hannover
|Ermächtigung
|Hanover
|authorization
|-
|-
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|Ernting
|manor, estate, domain
|August
|-
|-
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|errechnet
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
|hzl. = herzoglich
|erschien
|of the duke
|appeared
|-
|-
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
|erste
|duchy
|first
|-
|-
|haben
|erstgeboren
|to have
|firstborn
|-
|Erstkommunikant
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
|halb
|ertrank, ertrunken
|half
|drowned
|-
|-
|halb drei
|erzeugen
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|beget
|-
|-
|halb eins
|erzeugt
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|begat
|-
|-
|halb zwei
|es
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|it
|-
|-
|Halbbauer
|et uxor
|small farmer
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
|Halbmeier
|evangelisch
|small farmer
|evangelical
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===F===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Händler
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|trader, merchant, peddler
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Hartung
|Fabrikant
|January
|manufacturer
|-
|-
|Haupt-
|Fabrikarbeiter
|chief, main
|factory worker
|-
|-
|Haus
|Fallkind
|house
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
|Hausfrau
|Familiant
|housewife
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
|Häusler
|Familie
|cottager
|family
|-
|-
|Hausmädchen
|Familienbuch
|housemaid
|family register
|-
|-
|Hebamme
|Familienforschung
|midwife
|genealogical research
|-
|-
|Heilquelle
|Familienregister
|spa, bath
|family register
|-
|-
|Heimat
|Färber
|home, native place, homeland
|dyer
|-
|-
|Heimatschein
|Faßbinder
|domicile or residency certificate
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|Heimatsort
|Fäule
|place of birth, home town
|cancer
|-
|-
|Heirat
|Fayencenhändler
|marriage
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
|heiraten
|Februar
|to marry
|February
|-
|-
|Heiratsantrag
|Fehlgeburt
|marriage intentions
|miscarriage
|-
|-
|Heiratsbelege
|Festtag
|marriage supplements
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
|Heiratskontrakt
|Festung
|marriage contracts
|fortress
|-
|-
|Heiratsprotokolle
|Fieber
|marriage records
|fever
|-
|-
|Heiratsschein
|Findling
|marriage certificate
|foundling
|-
|-
|heißt
|Firmung
|is named
|confirmation
|-
|-
|Hektar
|Fischer
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|fisher
|-
|-
|Helfer
|Fl. = Florin
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|standard monetary unit
|-
|-
|Heraldik
|Flecken
|heraldry
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
|Herkunftsort
|Fleckfieber
|place of origin
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
|Herr
|Fleischer
|Mister, Lord, lord
|butcher
|-
|-
|Herrschaft
|Fleischhauer
|estate, dominion
|butcher
|-
|-
|Herzog
|Flüchtling
|duke
|refugee, deserter
|-
|-
|Herzogtum
|Fluß
|duchy
|river
|-
|-
|Hessische
|folgende
|Hessian
|following, next
|-
|-
|Heuerling
|Forst
|dayworker, hireling
|forest
|-
|-
|Heuert, Heumonat
|Förster
|July
|forester
|-
|-
|heute
|Fourier
|today
|quartermaster
|-
|-
|hier
|Fraisen
|here
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
|hiesiger Ort
|Frankreich
|this place
|France
|-
|-
|Hinterbliebene
|Frau
|survivors
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
|hinterlassen
|Fräulein
|surviving, left behind
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|Hirt
|Freibauer
|herdsman
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|Freiherr
|baron
|-
|-
|hitziges Fieber
|Freitag
|burning fever, high fever
|Friday
|-
|-
|hoch
|fremd
|high
|foreign, strange
|-
|-
|Hochzeit
|Freund
|wedding
|friend
|-
|-
|Hof
|Friedhof
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|cemetery
|-
|-
|Hofprediger
|Friesel
|chaplain
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
|Holländer
|Friseur
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|hairdresser
|-
|-
|Hornung
|früh
|February
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
|Hüfner
|früher
|farmer
|former, formerly
|-
|-
|Hufschmied
|Frühgeburt
|blacksmith
|premature birth
|-
|-
|Hügel
|Frühkind
|hill
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
|hundert
|fünf
|hundred
|five
|-
|-
|Hurenkind
|Fuhrmann
|illegitimate child
|wagoner
|-
|-
|Husten
|fünfte
|cough
|fifth
|-
|fünfundzwanzigste
|twenty-fifth
|-
|fünfzehn
|fifteen
|-
|fünfzehnhundert
|fifteen hundred
|-
|fünfzehnte
|fifteenth
|-
|fünfzig
|fifty
|-
|fünfzigste
|fiftieth
|-
|für
|for
|-
|Fürst
|prince, count
|-
|Fürstentum
|principality
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===I===
===G===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
Line 2,061: Line 2,197:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|ihr, ihr-
|G. = Gericht
|their, her
|court
|-
|-
|im
|geb. = geboren
|in the
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
|immer
|Gem. = Gemeinde
|always
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
|in
|gest. = gestorben
|in, at
|died
|-
|-
|Inhalt
|get. = getauft
|content(s)
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
|innerhalb
|gez. = gezeichnet
|inside of
|signed
|-
|-
|Innung
|Gr. = Groß
|guild
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
|Instmann
|Gärtner
|tenant farmer
|gardener
|-
|-
|ist
|Gastwirt
|is
|innkeeper
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===J===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Gatte
|'''English'''
|husband
|-
|-
|Jäger
|Gattin
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|wife
|-
|-
|Jahr
|geben, gab
|year
|given, gave
|-
|-
|Jahrestag
|Gebiet
|anniversary
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
|Jahreszeit
|geboren
|season
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
|Jahrhundert
|Gebühren
|century
|fees
|-
|-
|jährlich
|Geburt
|annual, yearly
|birth
|-
|-
|Jahrzehnt
|Geburtsort
|decade
|place of birth
|-
|-
|Jänner
|Geburtsschein
|January
|birth certificate
|-
|-
|Januar
|Geburtsurkunde
|January
|birth certificate
|-
|-
|jeder (jede, jedes)
|gegen
|each, every
|against, towards
|-
|-
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
|Joe.
|gegenwärtig
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|currently
|-
|-
|jüdisch
|geheiratet
|Jewish
|married
|-
|-
|Jugend
|gehört
|youth, adolescence
|belongs (to)
|-
|Geistliche(r)
|clergyman
|-
|-
|Juli
|Gelbsucht
|July
|jaundice
|-
|-
|Julmonat
|Geld
|December
|money
|-
|-
|jung
|Gemahl(in)
|young
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
|Junge
|Gemeinde
|a youth (male)
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Gemeindemann
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
|Junggeselle
|Gemeindsmann
|bachelor
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
|Jüngling
|gemelli
|bachelor, young man
|twins
|-
|-
|Juni
|genannt
|June
|named, alias, called
|-
|-
|Justmann
|Genealogie
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|genealogy
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===K===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|genesen
|'''English'''
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Gerber
|royal imperial
|tanner
|-
|-
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|Gericht
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|court
|-
|-
|Kammerfrau
|Gerichtsmann
|lady-in-waiting
|juryman
|-
|-
|Kantor
|Gerichtsschöffe
|choirmaster, organist
|member of the court
|-
|-
|Karpe
|Gerichtsschöppe
|carpenter
|member of the court
|-
|-
|Karte
|Gerichtsschreiber
|map
|court clerk
|-
|-
|Karrer
|Gerichtsverwandter
|carter
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
|Kartei
|gesagt
|card index
|said, stated
|-
|-
|Käthner, Kätner
|Geschichte
|cottager
|history
|-
|-
|katholisch
|geschieden
|Catholic
|divorced
|-
|-
|kaufen
|Geschlecht
|to buy
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
|Kaufmann
|Geschlechterbücher
|merchant
|lineage books
|-
|-
|kein
|Geschlechtsname
|no, not any, none
|surname
|-
|-
|Keller
|Geschwister
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
|Kellner
|Geschwisterkind
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
|-
|-
|Kessler
|Geschwulst
|kettlemaker
|swelling, tumor
|-
|-
|Keuchhusten
|Geselle
|whooping cough
|journeyman
|-
|-
|Kiefer
|Gesellschaft
|cooper, barrel maker
|society, group
|-
|-
|Kind
|Gesetz
|baby
|law
|-
|-
|Kindbettfieber
|gesetzlich
|childbed fever
|legal
|-
|-
|Kinder
|gestern
|children
|yesterday
|-
|-
|Kirche
|gestorben
|church
|died
|-
|-
|Kirchenältester
|Getaufte
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
|Kirchenbuch
|getr. = getraut
|parish register
|married
|-
|-
|Kirchengemeinde
|Getraute
|parish
|married couple
|-
|-
|Kirchenpfleger
|Gevatter
|churchwarden
|godfather
|-
|-
|Kirchenrodel
|Gewerbe
|parish register
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
|Kirchensprengel
|gewerblos
|parish
|without occupation
|-
|-
|Kirchenvorsteher
|Gicht
|churchwarden
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
|kirchlich
|Gilde
|pertaining to church
|guild
|-
|-
|Kirchrat
|Glaser
|member of a church council
|glazier
|-
|-
|Kirchspiel
|Glasermeister
|parish
|master glazier
|-
|-
|klein
|Glaube
|little
|belief, faith
|-
|-
|Knabe
|Glauben
|boy
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
|Knecht
|gleich
|servant
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
|Kolonist
|Gode
|settler, colonist, farmer
|godmother
|-
|-
|Kommunikant
|Graf
|communicant
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
|Kommunion
|Grafschaft
|communion
|county
|-
|-
|Konfirmation
|Grenze
|confirmation
|border
|-
|-
|König
|groß
|king
|big, great, large
|-
|-
|königlich
|Großeltern
|royal
|grandparents
|-
|-
|Königreich
|großjährig
|kingdom
|of age
|-
|-
|Kopulation
|Großmutter
|marriage
|grandmother
|-
|-
|kopulieren
|Großneffe
|to marry
|great-nephew
|-
|-
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|Großnichte
|cottager
|great-niece
|-
|Großvater
|grandfather
|-
|-
|Kossattin
|Grundbuch
|female cottager
|land register
|-
|-
|Kötter, Kötner
|Gulden
|small farmer, cottager
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
|Krämer
|Gürtler
|grocer, small retailer
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
|Krämpfe
|Gut
|cramps,, convulsions
|property, estate
|-
|-
|Krankheit
|gut
|disease, sickness
|good
|-
|-
|Krebs
|Gutsbesitzer
|cancer
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
|Kreis
|Gutsverwalter
|county
|Estate Manager
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===H===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Krieg
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|war
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Kröger, Krogmann
|Handzeichen
|innkeeper
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
|Küfer
|Hann. = Hannover
|cooper, barrel maker
|Hanover
|-
|-
|Kuhhirte
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|cowherd
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
|Kupferschmied
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
|coppersmith
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
|Kurort
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|spa
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
|Kusine
|hzl. = herzoglich
|female cousin
|of the duke
|-
|-
|Kutscher
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
|coachman
|duchy
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|haben
|'''English'''
|to have
|-
|-
|Land
|halb
|land, country
|half
|-
|-
|Landarbeiter
|halb drei
|farmhand
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
|Landkarte
|halb eins
|map
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
|Landwirt
|halb zwei
|farmer
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
|lassen
|Halbbauer
|to let, leave, allow
|small farmer
|-
|-
|lebendig
|Halbmeier
|living
|small farmer
|-
|-
|ledig
|Halbzeugmacher
|single, unmarried
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
|legitimiert
|Hartung
|made legitimate, legitimized
|January
|-
|-
|Lehrer
|Händler
|teacher
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
|Lehrling
|Haupt-
|apprentice
|chief, main
|-
|-
|Leiche
|Haus
|corpse, body
|house
|-
|-
|Leichenpredigt
|Hausfrau
|funeral sermon
|housewife
|-
|-
|Leinenweber
|Häusler
|linen weaver
|cottager
|-
|-
|Lenz
|Hausmädchen
|spring (season)
|housemaid
|-
|-
|letzte Ölung
|Hebamme
|last rites, extreme unction
|midwife
|-
|-
|letzte Salbung
|Heilquelle
|last rites, extreme unction
|spa, bath
|-
|-
|Letzter
|Heimat
|latter, last
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
|letzter Wille
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
|last will
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
|links
|Heimatsort
|left
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
|Lungenentzündung
|Heirat
|pneumonia
|marriage
|-
|-
|Lungenschwindsucht
|heiraten
|consumption, tuberculosis
|to marry
|-
|-
|lutherisch
|Heiratsantrag
|Lutheran
|marriage intentions
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Heiratsbelege
|'''English'''
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
|Mädchen
|Heiratskontrakt
|girl
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
|Mädel
|Heiratsprotokolle
|girl
|marriage records
|-
|-
|Magd
|Heiratsschein
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|marriage certificate
|-
|-
|Mägdlein
|heißt
|girl, little girl
|is named
|-
|-
|Mai
|Hektar
|May
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
|Maler
|Helfer
|painter
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
|Mann
|Heraldik
|husband, man
|heraldry
|-
|-
|männlich
|Herkunftsort
|male
|place of origin
|-
|-
|Markt
|Herr
|market
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
|März
|Herrschaft
|March
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
|Masern
|herrschaftlich
|measles
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
|Matrikel
|Herzog
|register
|duke
|-
|-
|Maurer
|Herzogtum
|mason
|duchy
|-
|-
|Meister, -meister
|Hessische
|master
|Hessian
|-
|-
|Mennoniten
|Heuerling
|Mennonites
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
|Metzger
|Heuert, Heumonat
|butcher
|July
|-
|-
|Militär
|heute
|military
|today
|-
|-
|minderjährig
|hier
|underaged, minor
|here
|-
|-
|mit
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
|with, via, by
|local
|-
|-
|Mitglied
|hiesiger Ort
|member
|this place
|-
|-
|Mittag
|Hilfsbahnwärter
|midday
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
|mittags
|Hinterbliebene
|at noon
|survivors
|-
|-
|Mitternacht
|hinterlassen
|midnight
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
|Mittwoch
|Hirt
|Wednesday
|herdsman
|-
|hitziges Fieber
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|hoch
|high
|-
|-
|Monat
|Hochzeit
|month
|wedding
|-
|-
|Montag
|Hof
|Monday
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
|Morgen
|Hofprediger
|morning, tomorrow
|chaplain
|-
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
|Holländer
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
|morgens
|Hollandgänger
|in the morning
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
|Mühle
|Hornung
|mill
|February
|-
|-
|Mullnäher
|Hüfner
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|farmer
|-
|-
|mündlich
|Hufschmied
|verbal, verbally
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|-
|Mutter
|Hügel
|Mother
|hill
|}
|-
 
|hundert
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|hundred
|-
|Hurenkind
|illegitimate child
|-
|Husten
|cough
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===N===
===I===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
Line 2,552: Line 2,688:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
|ihr, ihr-
|name not known
|their, her
|-
|-
|nach
|im
|to, after, according to
|in the
|-
|-
|Nachbar
|im Leben
|neighbor
|in life, while living
|-
|-
|Nachbarschaft
|immer
|neighborhood
|always
|-
|-
|nachgelassen
|in
|surviving
|in, at
|-
|-
|Nachlaß
|Inhalt
|estate, inheritance
|content(s)
|-
|-
|Nachmittag
|innerhalb
|afternoon
|inside of
|-
|-
|nachmittags
|Innung
|in the afternoon
|guild
|-
|-
|nächst(e)
|Inspektor
|next
|inspector
|-
|-
|Nacht
|Instmann
|night
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Näherin
|ist
|seamstress
|is
|-
|-
|Name
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
|name
|now
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===J===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|born
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|natus, nata
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
|born
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|-
|neben
|Jäger
|next to
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|-
|Nebenfrau
|Jahr
|concubine
|year
|-
|-
|Neffe
|Jahrestag
|nephew
|anniversary
|-
|-
|Nervenfieber
|Jahreszeit
|nervous fever
|season
|-
|-
|neu
|Jahrhundert
|new
|century
|-
|-
|neun
|jährlich
|nine
|annual, yearly
|-
|-
|neunte
|Jahrzehnt
|ninth
|decade
|-
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
|Jänner
|twenty-ninth
|January
|-
|-
|neunzehn
|Januar
|nineteen
|January
|-
|-
|neunzehnhundert
|jeder (jede, jedes)
|nineteen hundred
|each, every
|-
|-
|neunzehnte
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|nineteenth
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|neunzig
|Joe.
|ninety
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|-
|neunzigste
|jüdisch
|ninetieth
|Jewish
|-
|-
|Nicht
|Jugend
|not
|youth, adolescence
|-
|-
|Nichte
|Juli
|niece
|July
|-
|-
|nichts
|Julmonat
|nothing
|December
|-
|-
|nie
|jung
|never
|young
|-
|-
|nieder
|Junge
|lower
|a youth (male)
|-
|-
|niederländisch
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|noch
|Junggeselle
|still
|bachelor
|-
|-
|noch lebende
|Jüngling
|still living
|bachelor, young man
|-
|-
|noch nicht
|jüngsthin
|not yet
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
|Nord
|Juni
|north
|June
|-
|-
|Notizen
|Justmann
|notices, miscellaneous records
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===K===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Nottaufe
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|emergency baptism
|'''English'''
|-
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|royal imperial
|-
|-
|November
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|November
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
|Nummer
|Kammerfrau
|number
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
|nur
|Kantor
|only
|choirmaster, organist
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Karpe
|'''English'''
|carpenter
|-
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|Karte
|governing district office
|map
|-
|-
|ober
|Karrer
|upper, over
|carter
|-
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|Kartei
|chief, head; upper, over
|card index
|-
|-
|Oberamt
|Kassierer
|governing district office
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
|oder
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
|or
|cottager
|-
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|Käthner, Kätner
|make known publicly
|cottager
|-
|-
|oft
|katholisch
|often
|Catholic
|-
|-
|Oheim
|kaufen
|uncle
|to buy
|-
|-
|ohne
|Kaufmann
|without
|merchant
|-
|-
|Oktober
|kein
|October
|no, not any, none
|-
|-
|Onkel
|Keller
|uncle
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
|Ort
|Kellner
|place, town
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
|Ortslexikon
|Kessler
|gazetteer
|kettlemaker
|-
|-
|Osten
|Keuchhusten
|east
|whooping cough
|-
|-
|Ostern
|Kiefer
|Easter (could be March or April)
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|Ostermonat
|Kind
|April
|baby
|-
|Kindbetterin
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|Kindbettfieber
|childbed fever
|-
|Kinder
|children
|-
|Kirche
|church
|-
|Kirchenältester
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|Kirchenbuch
|parish register
|-
|Kirchengemeinde
|parish
|-
|Kirchenpfleger
|churchwarden
|-
|Kirchenrodel
|parish register
|-
|Kirchensprengel
|parish
|-
|Kirchenvorsteher
|churchwarden
|-
|Kirchhöre
|church parish
|-
|kirchlich
|pertaining to church
|-
|Kirchrat
|member of a church council
|-
|Kirchspiel
|parish
|-
|Kläger(in), Klr.
|plaintiff
|-
|klein
|little
|-
|Knabe
|boy
|-
|Knecht
|servant
|-
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
|cottager
|-
|Kolonist
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|Kommunikant
|communicant
|-
|Kommunion
|communion
|-
|Konfirmation
|confirmation
|-
|Konditormeister
|master cake-maker
|-
|Konfitenten
|confessants
|-
|König
|king
|-
|königlich
|royal
|-
|Königreich
|kingdom
|-
|Kooperator
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|Kopulation
|marriage
|-
|kopulieren
|to marry
|-
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|cottager
|-
|Kossattin
|female cottager
|-
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|Krämer
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|Krämpfe
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|Krankheit
|disease, sickness
|-
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|Krebs
|cancer
|-
|Kreis
|county
|-
|Krieg
|war
|-
|Kröger, Krogmann
|innkeeper
|-
|Küfer
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|Kuhhirte
|cowherd
|-
|Kupferschmied
|coppersmith
|-
|Kurort
|spa
|-
|Kusine
|female cousin
|-
|Küster
|sexton
|-
|Kutscher
|coachman
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Land
|land, country
|-
|Landarbeiter
|farmhand
|-
|Landkarte
|map
|-
|Landwirt
|farmer
|-
|lassen
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|lebendig
|living
|-
|ledig
|single, unmarried
|-
|legitimiert
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|Lehrer
|teacher
|-
|Lehrling
|apprentice
|-
|Leiche
|corpse, body
|-
|Leichenpredigt
|funeral sermon
|-
|Leinenweber
|linen weaver
|-
|Lenz
|spring (season)
|-
|letzte Ölung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|letzte Salbung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|Letzter
|latter, last
|-
|letzter Wille
|last will
|-
|links
|left
|-
|Lippische Ziegler
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|lohgerbermeister
|master tanner
|-
|Lungenentzündung
|pneumonia
|-
|Lungenschwindsucht
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|lutherisch
|Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mädchen
|girl
|-
|Mädel
|girl
|-
|Magd
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|Mägdlein
|girl, little girl
|-
|Mai
|May
|-
|Maler
|painter
|-
|Mann
|husband, man
|-
|männlich
|male
|-
|mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|Markt
|market
|-
|März
|March
|-
|Masern
|measles
|-
|Matrikel
|register
|-
|Matrose
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|Maurer
|mason
|-
|Mautner
|customs official
|-
|Meister, -meister
|master
|-
|Mennoniten
|Mennonites
|-
|Messerschmied
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
|butcher
|-
|Meubelfabrakant
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|Militär
|military
|-
|minderjährig
|underaged, minor
|-
|mit
|with, via, by
|-
|Mitglied
|member
|-
|Mittag
|midday
|-
|mittags
|at noon
|-
|Mitternacht
|midnight
|-
|Mittwoch
|Wednesday
|-
|Monat
|month
|-
|Montag
|Monday
|-
|Morgen
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|morgens
|in the morning
|-
|müheseelig Mench
|handicapped person
|-
|Mühle
|mill
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
|mill owner
|-
|Mühlenpächter
|mill tenant
|-
|Mullnäher
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|mündlich
|verbal, verbally
|-
|Mutter
|Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
|name not known
|-
|nach
|to, after, according to
|-
|Nachbar
|neighbor
|-
|Nachbarschaft
|neighborhood
|-
|nachgelassen
|surviving
|-
|Nachlaß
|estate, inheritance
|-
|Nachmittag
|afternoon
|-
|nachmittags
|in the afternoon
|-
|nächst(e)
|next
|-
|Nacht
|night
|-
|Näherin
|seamstress
|-
|Name
|name
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
|born
|-
|natus, nata
|born
|-
|neben
|next to
|-
|Nebenfrau
|concubine
|-
|Neffe
|nephew
|-
|nemlich
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|Nervenfieber
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|neu
|new
|-
|neun
|nine
|-
|neunte
|ninth
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
|twenty-ninth
|-
|neunzehn
|nineteen
|-
|neunzehnhundert
|nineteen hundred
|-
|neunzehnte
|nineteenth
|-
|neunzig
|ninety
|-
|neunzigste
|ninetieth
|-
|Nicht
|not
|-
|Nichte
|niece
|-
|nichts
|nothing
|-
|nie
|never
|-
|nieder
|lower
|-
|niederländisch
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|noch
|still
|-
|noch lebende
|still living
|-
|noch nicht
|not yet
|-
|Nord
|north
|-
|Notizen
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|Nottaufe
|emergency baptism
|-
|November
|November
|-
|Nummer
|number
|-
|nur
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|ober
|upper, over
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|oder
|or
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|make known publicly
|-
|oft
|often
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
|maternal uncle
|-
|ohne
|without
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
|without any particular occupation
|-
|Oktober
|October
|-
|Onkel
|uncle
|-
|Ort
|place, town
|-
|Ortslexikon
|gazetteer
|-
|Osten
|east
|-
|Ostern
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|Ostermonat
|April
|-
|Ostern
|Easter
|-
|Österreich
|Austria
|-
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Pächter
|leaseholder
|-
|Pate
|godfather
|-
|Paten
|godparents
|-
|Patin
|godmother
|-
|Pest
|plague
|-
|Pfalz
|Palatinate
|-
|Pfarramt
|parish office
|-
|Pfarrbuch
|parish register
|-
|Pfarrei
|parish
|-
|Pfarrer
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|Pfarrverweser
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|Pfingsten
|Pentecost
|-
|Pflegekind
|foster child
|-
|Pflegesohn
|foster son
|-
|Pflegetochter
|foster daughter
|-
|Pfleggericht
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|Plätterin
|ironer
|-
|Platz
|place (location)
|-
|Pocken
|pox, smallpox
|-
|Polen
|Poland
|-
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|Posamentierer
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|preußisch
|Prussia
|-
|Priester
|priest
|-
|Prinz
|prince
|-
|Prinzessin
|princess
|-
|-
|Ostern
|protestantisch
|Easter
|Protestant
|-
|-
|Österreich
|Provinz
|Austria
|province
|-
|-
|österreichisch
|provinzial
|Austrian
|provincial
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===P===
===R===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
Line 2,755: Line 3,581:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Pächter
|Räbbe
|leaseholder
|rabies
|-
|-
|Pate
|Rabbiner
|godfather
|rabbi
|-
|-
|Paten
|Räcke
|godparents
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|-
|Pest
|Racker
|plague
|renderer
|-
|-
|Pfalz
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|Palatinate
|wheelwright
|-
|-
|Pfarramt
|Radhauer
|parish office
|wheelwright
|-
|-
|Pfarrbuch
|Rathaus
|parish register
|city hall
|-
|-
|Pfarrei
|Ratsherr
|parish
|alderman
|-
|-
|Pfarrer
|Ratsmann
|parish minister, pastor
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|-
|Pfingsten
|Rechnung
|Pentecost
|account; bill
|-
|-
|Pflegekind
|rechtgläubig
|foster child
|orthodox
|-
|-
|Pflegesohn
|Rechtsanwalt
|foster son
|lawyer
|-
|-
|Pflegetochter
|reformiert
|foster daughter
|reformed
|-
|-
|Platz
|Regierungsbezirk
|place (location)
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|-
|Pocken
|Register
|pox, smallpox
|register (a book or list)
|-
|-
|Polen
|Reich
|Poland
|empire; kingdom
|-
|-
|polnisch
|Reifer
|Polish
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|-
|Posamentierer
|Reiter
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|-
|preußisch
|relicta
|Prussia
|widow
|-
|-
|Priester
|relictus
|priest
|widower
|-
|-
|Prinz
|Religion
|prince
|religion
|-
|-
|Prinzessin
|ren. = renatus, renata
|princess
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
|protestantisch
|Rentner
|Protestant
|retired person
|-
|-
|Provinz
|Rheuma
|province
|rheumatism
|-
|-
|provinzial
|Richter
|provincial
|judge
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Rodel
|'''English'''
|register
|-
|-
|Räbbe
|Röseler
|rabies
|whitewasher
|-
|-
|Räcke
|Rössler
|stiffness of the limbs
|horseman; tanner
|-
|-
|Racker
|römisch katholisch
|renderer
|Roman Catholic
|-
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|Röt
|wheelwright
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|-
|Radhauer
|Rotgerber
|wheelwright
|red tanner
|-
|-
|Rathaus
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|city hall
|rubeola, measles
|-
|-
|Ratsherr
|Ruhestand
|alderman
|retirement
|-
|-
|Ratsmann
|Ruhr
|councilman; town councilor
|dysentery
|-
|-
|Rechnung
|russisch
|account; bill
|Russian
|-
|-
|rechtgläubig
|Rußland
|orthodox
|Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|lawyer
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|reformiert
|S. = Seite
|reformed
|page
|-
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
|s. = siehe
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|see the following reference
|-
|-
|Register
|Sachsen
|register (a book or list)
|Saxony
|-
|-
|Reich
|Sackhuhn
|empire; kingdom
|sailmaker
|-
|-
|Reifer
|Säger
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|sawyer
|-
|-
|Reiter
|Salbung
|rider; cavalryman
|anointing
|-
|-
|relicta
|Salzmesser
|widow
|a salt weigher
|-
|-
|relictus
|Salzvogt
|widower
|salt works overseer
|-
|-
|Religion
|Samstag
|religion
|Saturday
|-
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
|Sarkhauer
|baptized, christened
|stonemason
|-
|-
|Rentner
|Satertag
|retired person
|Saturday
|-
|-
|Rheuma
|Sattler
|rheumatism
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|-
|Richter
|Schacherer
|judge
|peddler
|-
|-
|Rodel
|Schäfer
|register
|shepherd
|-
|-
|Röseler
|Schaffer
|whitewasher
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|-
|Rössler
|Schäf(f)ler
|horseman; tanner
|cooper
|-
|-
|römisch katholisch
|Schaffmann
|Roman Catholic
|worker
|-
|-
|Röt
|Schaffner
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|conductor
|-
|-
|Rotgerber
|Schalbelehnter,
|red tanner
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|-
|Ruhestand
|Schalck, Schall
|retirement
|servant
|-
|-
|Ruhr
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|dysentery
|scarlet fever
|-
|-
|russisch
|Schänker / Schenker
|Russian
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|-
|Rußland
|Scharnemann
|Russia
|merchant in a market
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|Scharrmacher
|'''English'''
|wagon builder
|-
|-
|S. = Seite
|Scharwerker
|page
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|-
|s. = siehe
|Schatter, Schattmann
|see the following reference
|tax assessor
|-
|-
|Sachsen
|Schatzmann
|Saxony
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|-
|Sackhuhn
|Schatzmeister
|sailmaker
|treasurer
|-
|-
|Säger
|Scheibenreisser
|sawyer
|glazier
|-
|-
|Salbung
|Scheibler
|anointing
|salt carrier
|-
|-
|Salzmesser
|Scheiding
|a salt weigher
|September
|-
|-
|Salzvogt
|Scheidler
|salt works overseer
|knife-blade maker
|-
|-
|Samstag
|Scheidung
|Saturday
|divorce
|-
|-
|Sarkhauer
|Schein
|stonemason
|certificate
|-
|-
|Satertag
|Schenkungen
|Saturday
|donations
|-
|-
|Sattler
|Scherer
|saddler, leather worker
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|-
|Schacherer
|Schichtmeister
|peddler
|mine paymaster
|-
|-
|Schäfer
|Schiffbauer
|shepherd
|shipbuilder
|-
|-
|Schaffer
|Schiffer
|worker; laborer; administrator
|shipper; seaman
|-
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
|Schiffmann
|cooper
|sailor
|-
|-
|Schaffmann
|Schiffsmakler
|worker
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|-
|Schaffner
|Schilderer
|conductor
|sign painter
|-
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
|Schindeldecker
Schaalbelehnter
|roofer of shingle roofs
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|-
|Schalck, Schall
|Schindelmacher
|servant
|shingle maker
|-
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Schinner
|scarlet fever
|renderer, skinner
|-
|-
|Scharnemann
|Schirmmacher
|merchant in a market
|umbrella maker
|-
|-
|Scharrmacher
|Schirrmacher
|wagon builder
|wagon maker
|-
|-
|Scharwerker
|Schirrmeister
|day laborer on a farm
|master wagon maker
|-
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|tax assessor
|butcher
|-
|-
|Schatzmann
|Schlachtmann
|moneychanger; treasurer
|butcher
|-
|-
|Schatzmeister
|Schlachtwanter
|treasurer
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|-
|Scheibenreisser
|Schlafbaas
|glazier
|innkeeper
|-
|-
|Scheibler
|Schlaganfall
|salt carrier
|stroke, seizure
|-
|-
|Scheiding
|Schlagfluß
|September
|stroke
|-
|-
|Scheidler
|Schlieper
|knife-blade maker
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|-
|Scheidung
|Schlieter
|divorce
|merchant
|-
|-
|Schein
|Schloß
|certificate
|castle
|-
|-
|Schenkungen
|Schlosser
|donations
|locksmith
|-
|-
|Scherer
|Schlotfeger
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|chimneysweep
|-
|-
|Schichtmeister
|Schlotthauer
|mine paymaster
|locksmith
|-
|-
|Schiffbauer
|Schmied
|shipbuilder
|smith
|-
|-
|Schiffer
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|shipper; seaman
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|-
|Schiffmann
|Schneider
|sailor
|tailor
|-
|-
|Schiffsmakler
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|woodcarver
|-
|-
|Schilderer
|Schopper
|sign painter
|ship's carpenter
|-
|-
|Schindeldecker
|Schornsteinfeger
|roofer of shingle roofs
|chimneysweep
|-
|-
|Schindelmacher
|Schosserheber
|shingle maker
|tax collector
|-
|-
|Schinner
|Schösser
|renderer, skinner
|tax collector
|-
|-
|Schirmmacher
|Schotte
|umbrella maker
|peddler
|-
|-
|Schirrmacher
|Schottler
|wagon maker
|turner; key maker
|-
|-
|Schirrmeister
|Schottilier
|master wagon maker
|turner; carpenter
|-
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|Schreiber
|butcher
|scribe, clerk
|-
|-
|Schlachtmann
|Schreiner
|butcher
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|-
|Schlachtwanter
|Schriftsetzer
|clothing wholesaler
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|-
|Schlafbaas
|Schroder, Schröder
|innkeeper
|tailor
|-
|-
|Schlaganfall
|Schröer
|stroke, seizure
|tailor
|-
|-
|Schlagfluß
|Schröter
|stroke
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|-
|Schlieper
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|knifemaker; cutler
|shoemaker
|-
|-
|Schlieter
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|merchant
|shoemaker
|-
|-
|Schloß
|Schuhmacher
|castle
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
|Schlosser
|Schule
|locksmith
|school
|-
|-
|Schlotfeger
|Schullehrer
|chimneysweep
|schoolteacher
|-
|-
|Schlotthauer
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|locksmith
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|-
|Schmied
|Schüssler
|smith
|bowl maker
|-
|-
|Schneider
|Schuster
|tailor
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|Schutzmann
|woodcarver
|policeman
|-
|-
|Schopper
|Schuwarte
|ship's carpenter
|shoemaker
|-
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|Schwäche
|chimneysweep
|weakness
|-
|-
|Schosserheber
|Schwager
|tax collector
|brother-in-law
|-
|-
|Schösser
|Schwägerin
|tax collector
|sister-in-law
|-
|-
|Schotte
|Schwaiger
|peddler
|shepherd
|-
|-
|Schottler
|schwanger
|turner; key maker
|pregnant
|-
|-
|Schottilier
|schwarz
|turner; carpenter
|black
|-
|-
|Schreiber
|schwarzer Tod
|scribe, clerk
|black death; plague
|-
|-
|Schreiner
|Schwarzgiesser
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|iron smelter
|-
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|typesetter
|pigherd
|-
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|Schweisser
|tailor
|welder
|-
|-
|Schröer
|Schweiz
|tailor
|Switzerland
|-
|-
|Schröter
|Schweizer
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|-
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|Schwendimann
|shoemaker
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|-
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Schwerdtfeger
|shoemaker
|armorer
|-
|-
|Schuhmacher
|Schwester
|shoemaker, cobbler
|sister
|-
|-
|Schule
|Schwiegermutter
|school
|mother-in-law
|-
|-
|Schullehrer
|Schwiegersohn
|schoolteacher
|son-in-law
|-
|-
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|Schwiegertochter
|village mayor, head of town council
|daughter-in-law
|-
|-
|Schüssler
|Schwiegervater
|bowl maker
|father-in-law
|-
|-
|Schuster
|Schwindsucht
|shoemaker, cobbler
|consumption
|-
|-
|Schuwarte
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|shoemaker
|son of
|-
|-
|Schwäche
|sechs
|weakness
|six
|-
|-
|Schwager
|sechste
|brother-in-law
|sixth
|-
|-
|Schwägerin
|sechsundzwanzig
|sister-in-law
|twenty-six
|-
|-
|Schwaiger
|sechsundzwanzigste
|shepherd
|twenty-sixth
|-
|-
|schwanger
|sechzehnhundert
|pregnant
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
|schwarz
|sechzehn
|black
|sixteen
|-
|-
|schwarzer Tod
|sechzehnte
|black death; plague
|sixteenth
|-
|-
|Schwarzgiesser
|sechzig
|iron smelter
|sixty
|-
|-
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|sechzigste
|pigherd
|sixtieth
|-
|-
|Schweisser
|See
|welder
|lake
|-
|-
|Schweiz
|Seelen
|Switzerland
|souls
|-
|-
|Schweizer
|Seelenregister
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|church membership list
|-
|-
|Schwendimann
|Seelsorger
|settler on recently burned woodland
|minister, chaplain
|-
|-
|Schwerdtfeger
|Seemann
|armorer
|sailor
|-
|-
|Schwester
|Segner
|sister
|fisherman
|-
|-
|Schwiegermutter
|Seifensieder
|mother-in-law
|soap maker
|-
|-
|Schwiegersohn
|Seigner
|son-in-law
|fisherman
|-
|-
|Schwiegertochter
|Seiler
|daughter-in-law
|rope maker
|-
|-
|Schwiegervater
|sein
|father-in-law
|to be; his
|-
|-
|Schwindsucht
|seit
|consumption
|since
|-
|-
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|son of
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|-
|sechs
|Seite
|six
|page
|-
|-
|sechste
|Seitenstechen
|sixth
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|-
|sechsundzwanzig
|selige
|twenty-six
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|-
|sechsundzwanzigste
|September
|twenty-sixth
|September
|-
|-
|sechzehnhundert
|Sibber
|sixteen hundred
|sieve maker
|-
|sechzehn
|sixteen
|-
|sechzehnte
|sixteenth
|-
|sechzig
|sixty
|-
|sechzigste
|sixtieth
|-
|See
|lake
|-
|Seelen
|souls
|-
|Seelenregister
|church membership list
|-
|Seelsorger
|minister, chaplain
|-
|Seemann
|sailor
|-
|Segner
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|-
|Sibmacher
|Sibmacher
Line 3,381: Line 4,143:
|Sieder
|Sieder
|soap maker
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|-
|siehe
|siehe
Line 3,402: Line 4,167:
|Soldat
|Soldat
|soldier
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|-
|Söldner
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier; day laborer
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|-
|sollen
|sollen
Line 3,458: Line 4,226:
|-
|-
|Stellmacher
|Stellmacher
|wheelwright
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|-
|Sterbefälle
|Sterbefälle
Line 3,505: Line 4,273:
|son of
|son of
|}
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===T===
===T===
Line 3,526: Line 4,294:
|day
|day
|-
|-
|Tagelöhner
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|day laborer
|-
|-
Line 3,540: Line 4,308:
|Tapazier
|Tapazier
|(wall)paper hanger
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|Tapeten
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|Tapezierer
|Upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfe
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfin
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapeziermeister
|Master upholsterer
|-
|-
|Taufe
|Taufe
Line 3,555: Line 4,338:
|tausend
|tausend
|thousand
|thousand
|-
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|-
|Testament
|Testament
Line 3,603: Line 4,389:
|Tschechoslowakai
|Tschechoslowakai
|Czechoslovakia
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|Tschismenmacher
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|-
|Tuberkulose
|Tuberkulose
|tuberculosis
|tuberculosis
|-
|Tuchbereiter
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|-
|Tuchmacher
|Tuchmacher
Line 3,694: Line 4,486:
|the undersigned
|the undersigned
|-
|-
|unverheiratet
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
|unmarried
|unmarried
|-
|unzeitiges Kind
|premature child
|-
|-
|Urenkelkind
|Urenkelkind
Line 3,719: Line 4,514:
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===V===
===V===
Line 3,968: Line 4,763:
|welche
|welche
|which
|which
|-
|Weltpriester
|a secular priest
|-
|-
|wer
|wer
Line 3,983: Line 4,781:
|wie
|wie
|how
|how
|-
|Wiedertäufer
|Anabaptist
|-
|-
|Windpocken
|Windpocken
Line 3,991: Line 4,792:
|-
|-
|Wirt
|Wirt
|innkeeper
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|-
|Wittib
|Wittib
Line 4,010: Line 4,811:
|Wochenbett
|Wochenbett
|childbed
|childbed
|-
|Wöchnerin
|woman in childbed
|-
|-
|woher
|woher
Line 4,051: Line 4,855:
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===X===
===X===
Line 4,060: Line 4,864:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|Xber,&nbsp;Xbris
|Xber, Xbris
|December
|December
|}
|}
Line 4,079: Line 4,883:
|teething
|teething
|-
|-
|Zahnung
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|teething
|-
|-
Line 4,098: Line 4,902:
|-
|-
|Zehrung
|Zehrung
|consuption
|consumption
|-
|-
|Zeit
|Zeit
|time
|time
|-
|Zentner
|hundredweight
|-
|-
|Zeuge
|Zeuge
Line 4,132: Line 4,939:
|zusammen
|zusammen
|together
|together
|-
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|Zuständigkeitsort
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
|zwanzig
|zwanzig
Line 4,174: Line 4,987:
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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