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This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).  
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==Introduction==
 
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


__FORCETOC__
==Language Characteristics==


=== Language Characteristics  ===
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.  
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum.


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


=== Diacritic Marks ===
==Diacritic Marks==


Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
|-
|-
| Ä  
|Ä
| Alt + 0196
|Alt + 142
| ä  
|ä
| Alt + 0228
|Alt + 132
|-
|-
| Ö  
|Ö
| Alt + 0214
|Alt + 153
| ö  
|ö
| Alt + 0246
|Alt + 148
|-
|-
| Ü  
|Ü
| Alt + 0220
|Alt + 154
| ü  
|ü
| Alt + 0252
|Alt + 129
|-
|-
| ß  
|ß
| Alt + 0223
|Alt + 225
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
| Ÿ  
|Ÿ
| Alt + 0159
|Alt + 376
| ÿ  
|ÿ
| Alt + 0255
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


=== Alphabetical Order ===
==Alphabetical Order==


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


=== Spelling ===
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b  
*p used for b
*a used for e  
*a used for e
*t used for d or dt  
*t used for d or dt
*s used for z  
*s used for z
*ck used for k  
*ck used for k
*y used for i or j  
*y used for i or j
*v used for w or f  
*v used for w or f
*k used for g  
*k used for g
*tz used for z  
*tz used for z
*ig used for isch or ich  
*ig used for isch or ich
*t used for th  
*t used for th
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag  
*Freytag for Freitag
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und


=== Additional Resources ===
== Transcription ==
 
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages. The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
==Additional Resources==
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
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*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).


'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:'''
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.


[https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Germany,_Saxony,_Freiberg_Funeral_Sermons_%28FamilySearch_Historical_Records%29 Germany, Saxony, Freiberg Funeral Sermons (FamilySearch Historical Records)]  
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]


<br>
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


=== Key Words ===
==Key Words==


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
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{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''English'''  
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| '''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| birth  
|birth
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
| burial  
|burial
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
| Catholic  
|Catholic
| katholisch
|katholisch
|-
|-
| child
|census
| Kind, Kinder
|Volkszählung
|-
|-
| christening
|child
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
| confirmations
|christening
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
| civil registry
|confirmations
| Standesamt
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
| death
|civil registry
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|Standesamt
|-
|-
| father
|death
| Vater
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
| husband
|father
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|Vater
|-
|-
| index
|husband
| Verzeichnis, Register
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
| Jewish
|index
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
| marriage banns
|Jewish
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
| marriage  
|marriage banns
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
| month
|marriage
| Monat
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
| mother
|month
| Mutter
|Monat
|-
|-
| name, given
|mother
| Vorname, Name
|Mutter
|-
|-
| name, surname
|name, given
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|Vorname, Name
|-
|-
| parents
|name, surname
| Eltern
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
| parish
|parents
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|Eltern
|-
|-
| Protestant
|parish
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
| Reformed
|Protestant
| reformiert
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
| wife
|Reformed
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|reformiert
|-
|-
| year  
|wife
| Jahr
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|year
|Jahr
|}
|}


=== Occupations ===
==Dates/Time==


[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfaren]
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:  


=== Numbers  ===
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].


{| width="100%" border="1"
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.
 
===Months===
 
{|
|-
|-
| width="15%" | '''Number'''
|'''English'''
| '''Cardinal'''  
|'''German'''
| '''Ordinal'''
|-
|-
| 1
|January
| eins
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
| erste
|-
|-
| 2
|February
| zwei
|Februar, Hornung
| zweite
|-
|-
| 3
|March
| drei<br>dreÿ
|März, Frühlingsmonat
| dritte
|-
|-
| 4
|April
| vier
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
| vierte
|-
|-
| 5
|May
| fünf
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
| fünfte
|-
|-
| 6
|June
| sechs
|Juni, Brachmonat
| sechste
|-
|-
| 7
|July
| sieben
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
| siebte
|-
|-
| 8
|August
| acht
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
| achte
|-
|-
| 9
|September
| neun
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
| neunte
|-
|-
| 10
|October
| zehn
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
| zehnte
|-
|-
| 11
|November
| elf<br>eilf
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
| elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| 12
|December
| zwölf
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
| zwölfte
|}
 
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
 
===Days of the Week===
 
{|
|-
|-
| 13
|'''English'''
| dreizehn
|  
| dreizehnte
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| 14
|Sunday
| vierzehn
|  
| vierzehnte
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| 15
|Monday
| fünfzehn
|  
| fünfzehnte
|Montag
|-
|-
| 16
|Tuesday
| sechzehn
|  
| sechzehnte
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| 17
|Wednesday
| siebzehn
|  
| siebzehnte
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| 18
|Thursday
| achtzehn
|  
| achtzehnte
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| 19
|Friday
| neunzehn
|  
| neunzehnte
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| 20
|Saturday
| zwanzig
|  
| zwanzigste
|Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
 
See also:
 
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
 
<br>
 
===Times of the Day===
 
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
 
{|
|'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| 21
|ein Uhr
| einundzwanzig
|one (o’clock)
| einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 22
|zwei Uhr
| zweiundzwanzig
|two (o’clock)
| zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 23
|drei Uhr
| dreiundzwanzig
|three (o’clock)
| dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 24
|halb eins
| vierundzwanzig
|half one = 12:30
| vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 25
|halb zwei
| fünfundzwanzig
|half two = 1:30
| fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 26
|halbe Stunde
| sechsundzwanzig
|half hour
| sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 27
|Stunde
| siebenundzwanzig
|hour
| siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 28
|früh
| achtundzwanzig
|early (a.m.)
| achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 29
|spät
| neunundzwanzig
|late (p.m.)
| neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 30
|morgens
| dreißig
|in the morning
| dreißigste
|-
|-
| 31
|vormittags
| einunddreißig
|in the forenoon
| einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| 40
|mittags
| vierzig
|at noon
| vierzigste
|-
|-
| 50
|nachmittags
| fünfzig
|in the afternoon
| fünfzigste
|-
|-
| 60
|abends
| sechzig
|in the evening
| sechzigste
|-
|-
| 70
|mitternachts
| siebzig
|at midnight
| siebzigste
|-
|-
| 80
|Diesen tag
| achtzig
|this (very) day, today
| achtzigste
|-
|-
| 90
|}
| neunzig
 
| neunzigste
===Symbols===
 
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].
 
<br>
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
| 100
|1
| (ein)hundert
|one
| (ein)hundertste
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
| 101
|2
| (ein)hunderteins
|two
| (ein)hunderterste
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
| 102
|3
| (ein)hundertzwei
|three
| (ein)hundertzweite
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
| 120
|4
| (ein)hundertzwanzig
|four
| (ein)hundertzwanzigste
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
| 121
|5
| (ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|five
| (ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
| 122
|6
| (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|six
| (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
| 200
|7
| zweihundert
|seven
| zweihundertste
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
| 300
|8
| dreihundert
|eight
| dreihundertste
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
| 1.000
|9
| (ein)tausend
|nine
| (ein)tausendste
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
| 1.001
|10
| (ein)tausendeins
|ten
| (ein)tausenderste
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
| 1.002
|11
| (ein)tausendzwei
|eleven
| (ein)tausendzweite
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| 1.050
|12
| (ein)tausendfünfzig
|twelve
| (ein)tausendfünfzigste
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
| 1.100
|13
| (ein)tausendeinhundert
|thirteen
| (ein)tausendeinhundertste
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
| 1.500<br>1500
|14
| (ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|fourteen
| (ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
| 1.600<br>1600
|15
| (ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|fifteen
| (ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
| 1.700<br>1700
|16
| (ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|sixteen
| (ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
| 1.800<br>1800
|17
| (ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|seventeen
| (ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
| 1.865<br>1865
|18
| (ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|eighteen
| (ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
| 1.900<br>1900
|19
| (ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|nineteen
| (ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
| 2.000<br>2000
|20
| zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|twenty
| zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
| 10.000
|21
| zehntausend
|twenty-one
| zehntausendste
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 100.000
|22
| hunderttausend
|twenty-two
| hunderttausendste
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 1.000.000
|23
| eine Million
|twenty-three
| millionste
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| 1.000.000.000
|24
| eine Millarde
|twenty-four
| milliardste
|vierundzwanzig
|}
|vierundzwanzigste
 
=== General Word List  ===
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
==== A  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|25
| '''English'''
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|26
| government office, official district
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|27
| surface mine(s)
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Abt. = Abteilung
|28
| department
|twenty-eight
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| a/d = an der, auf der
|29
| on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| A.G. = Amtsgericht
|30
| lower court, county court
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
| Anh. = Anhalt
|31
| duchy
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| ab
|40
| from, since
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
| Abbauer
|50
| tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
| Abdecker
|60
| skinner
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
| Abend
|70
| evening
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
| Abendmahlgast
|80
| communicant
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
| abends
|90
| in the evening
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
| Abenteurer
|100
| jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
| aber
|101
| but
|one hundred (and) one
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
| abgestorben
|102
| deceased
|one hundred (and) two
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
| Ablader
|120
| longshoreman
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Abnahmemann
|121
| retired farmer on life estate
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Abnehmer
|122
| photographer
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Abschiedsmann
|200
| man retired on life estate
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
| absterben
|300
| to die, to die off
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
| Abstreifer
|1.000
| renderer; flayer
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
| Abzehrung
|1.001
| emaciation, wasting
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
| acht
|1.002
| eight
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
| achte
|1.050
| eighth
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
| Achter
|1.100
| juryman
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
| achtundzwanzigste
|1.500<br>1500
| twenty-eighth
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| achtzehn
|1.600<br>1600
| eighteen
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| achtzehnhundert
|1.700<br>1700
| eighteen hundred
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| achtzehnte
|1.800<br>1800
| eighteenth
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| achtzig
|1.865<br>1865
| eighty
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
| achtzigste
|1.900<br>1900
| eightieth
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Ackermann
|2.000<br>2000
| farmer
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
| Adel
|10.000
| gentry, nobleman
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
| a.D. = außer Dienst
|100.000
| formerly employed, retired
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
| adoptiert
|1.000.000
| adopted
|one million
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|-
| Ahnen
|1.000.000.000
| ancestors
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
 
==Types of Farmers==
 
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Ahnentafel
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| pedigree chart
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Akten
|Abbauer
| documents
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|-
| alle
|Abnahmemann
| all
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| allhier
|Abschiedsmann
| in this place
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| alt
|Achtelbauer
| old
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Altbürger
|Achtelhüfner
| full citizen
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Alter
|Achtermann
| age
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
| Altersschwäche
|Ackerbauer
| weakness of old age
|farmer
|-
|-
| ältest
|Ackerbürger
| eldest
|farmer
|-
|-
| alt-katholisch
|Ackerer
| old Catholic
|farmer
|-
|-
| Amman
|Ackerknecht
| bailiff, magistrate
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Amt
|Ackersmann
| office, district
|farmer
|-
|-
| Anbauer
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| peasant
|farmer
|-
|-
| andere
|Altbauer
| other, next
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
| Angeber
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| informant
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| angeblich
|Altenteilerin
| alleged, assumed
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|-
| Anhalt
|Althufner, Althüfner
| duchy
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Anmerkungen
|Altsitzer(in)
| remarks
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Anspänner
|Amtsmeier
| farmer
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
| apostolisch
|Anbauer
| Apostolic
|small farmer
|-
|-
| April
|Anspänner
| April
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
| Arbeiter
|Aröder
| laborer, worker
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
| Archiv
|Artmann
| archive
|farmer
|-
|-
| arm
|Artmeier
| poor
|farmer
|-
|-
| Armut
|Auenhäusler
| poverty
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Arzt
|Ausdinger
| physician
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| auch
|Auszügler
| also, too
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| auf
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| on, upon, at
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
| aufbieten
|Bauer
| post banns
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|Bauernknecht
| residence permit
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltsort
|Bauknecht
| residence
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Aufgebot
|Baumann
| publication of banns
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
| Aufnahmebuch
|Beerbter
| book listing debts
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
| Aufnahmeland
|Behandinge
| country to which one immigrated
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|-
| August
|Beibauer
| August
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
| aus
|Beisasse
| from, out of
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
| außen
|Beiwohner
| outside
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
| äußere
|Beständer
| outside, outward, external
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
| außerehelich
|Bestanderlasser
| illegitimate
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
| Auswanderer
|Bestandwirt
| emigrant
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
| Auswanderung
|Bödener
| emigration
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Ausweis
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| identification document
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Auszehrung
|Brinker
| consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Auszug
|Brinkkötter
| extract
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== B  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Brinklieger
| '''English'''
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| B. = Bezirk
|Brinkmann
| district or area
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| BA. = Bezirksamt
|Brinksitzer
| district office
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
|-
|-
| Bay. = Bayern
|Büdner
| Bavaria
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
| Bd. = Band
|Buhmann, Bumann
| volume
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bhf. = Bahnhof
|Buschpächter
| railroad station
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
| Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|Chalupner, Challupner
| military district command
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|-
|-
| bz. = beziehungsweise
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
| or, respectively
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Bäcker
|Eigengärtner
| baker
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Bad
|Eigenkäthner
| spa, resort
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Badeort
|Eigenkötter
| spa, health resort
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Band
|Einlieger
| volume
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
| Baptist
|Einspänner
| Baptist
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
| Baron
|Erbbauer
| baron
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
| Bauer
|Erbpächter
| farmer, peasant
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
| Bayern
|Exner
| Bavaria
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Beamter
|Feuerstättler
| official, registrar
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
| Beck(er)
|Freibauer
| baker
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
| beerdigt
|Freigärtner
| buried
|free farmer
|-
|-
| Beerdigung
|Fröhner
| burial, interment
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
| beglaubigt
|Gärtner
| certified, attested
|farmer
|-
|-
| begraben
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| buried
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Begräbnis
|Gesinde
| burial
|male or female hired help on a farm
|-
|-
| Beichte
|Häker, Häcker
| confession
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
|-
|-
| beide
|Halblechner, Halblehner
| both
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Beilage
|Heuerling
| supplement
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Bekannte(r)
|Hofer
| acquaintance
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bekehrung
|Hofgänger
| conversion
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Belege
|Hofmann
| proof, documentation
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bemerkungen
|Hofstädtler
| remarks
|farmer
|-
|-
| Berg
|Hofwirth
| hill, mountain
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bergmann
|Hoppenplöcker
| miner
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|-
| Beruf
|Hortulanus
| occupation, profession
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|-
| Beschreibung
|Huber
| description
|farmer
|-
|-
| Besitzer
|Hübler
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|-
| bestätigt
|Hüttler, Hitler
| confirmed, verified
|cottager
|-
|-
| bestattet
|Inlieger
| buried
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| bettlägerig
|Inste, Instmann
| bedridden
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Bettler
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| beggar
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
| Bevölkerungsregister
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| population register
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|-
|-
| bevorstehend
|Kampheuerling
| previously mentioned
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
| Bezirk
|Kirchdotale
| district
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Biographie
|Kitzmann
| biography
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
| Bischof
|Knecht
| bishop
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Bistum
|Kölmer
| diocese
|farmer who is "half free"
|-
|-
| Blattern
|Köter, Kötter
| smallpox
|cottager
|-
|-
| blutend
|Kolon
| bleeding
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|-
|-
| Blütenmonat
|Kolonist
| May
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
| Blutsverwandschaft
|Kolupner
| blood relationship
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|-
|-
| Böhmen
|Kossate, Kossäth
| Bohemia
|cottager
|-
|-
| Bootsmann
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| bargeman, boatman
|cottager
|-
|-
| Böttcher
|Landmann
| cooper, barrel maker
|farmer
|-
|-
| Brauer
|Lehner
| brewer
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
| Bräune
|Magd
| diptheria
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
| Braut
|Meyer
| bride
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
| Bräutigam
|Ochsner
| bridegroom
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Brücke
|Ökonom
| bridge
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bruder
|Pachtbauer
| brother
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
| Bub
|Päger
| boy
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
| Buch
|Pfarrdotale
| book
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Büdner
|Robotgärtner
| cottager
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
| Burg
|Rössner
| castle, fortress
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
| Bürger
|Scharknecht
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Bürgerbuch
|Söldner
| citizen register
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
| Bürgermeister
|Strassenkötter
| mayor
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
| Büttner
|Tagelöhner
| barrel maker
|day laborer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== C  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Tagner
| '''English'''
|day laborer
|-
|-
| ca. = circa
|Tauner, Thauner
| about
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Chirug
|Viertelbauer
| surgeon
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Christmonat
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| December
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Colonist
|Viertellehner
| settler, tenant farmer
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Comparent
|Vollbauer
| informant
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| copulieren
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| to marry
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
| Cossate, Cossathe
|Vollmaier
| cottager
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| cribrarius
|Vollspänner
| sieve maker (Latin)
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== D  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Weingärtner
| '''English'''
|wine grower
|-
|-
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|Weingartknecht
| the
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| D. = Dorf
|Weinzettel
| village
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| das. = daselbst
|Widumer
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
| Dachdecker
|Winzer
| roofer
|wine grower
|-
|-
| dänisch
|Wirt, Wirth
| Danish
|farmer
|-
|-
| das
|Zettelmann
| the
|farmhand
|-
|-
| daselbst
|Zweispänner
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
===A===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Datum
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| date
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Dekanat
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| deanery
|government office, official district
|-
|-
| dem, den
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| the
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
| der
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| the, of the
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
| derselbe
|Abt. = Abteilung
| the same
|department
|-
|-
| des
|a/d = an der, auf der
| of the
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
| deutsch
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| German
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
| Deutschland
|Anh. = Anhalt
| Germany
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Dezember
|ab
| December
|from, since
|-
|-
| die
|Abbauer
| the
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
| Diener
|Abdecker
| servant
|skinner
|-
|-
| Dienst
|Abend
| service, employment
|evening
|-
|-
| Dienstag
|Abendmahlgast
| Tuesday
|communicant
|-
|-
| Dienstmagd
|abends
| servant girl
|in the evening
|-
|-
| dieser
|Abenteurer
| this, these
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
| Distrikt
|aber
| district
|but
|-
|-
| Domäne
|abgestorben
| domain
|deceased
|-
|-
| Donnerstag
|Ablader
| Thursday
|longshoreman
|-
|-
| Dorf
|Abnahmemann
| village
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
| dort
|Abnehmer
| there
|photographer
|-
|-
| drei
|Abschiedsmann
| three
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
| dreißig
|absterben
| thirty
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
| dreißigste
|Abstreifer
| thirtieth
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzigste
|Abzehrung
| twenty-third
|emaciation, wasting
|-
|-
| dreizehn
|acht
| thirteen
|eight
|-
|-
| dreizehnte
|achte
| thirteenth
|eighth
|-
|-
| dritte
|Achter
| third
|juryman
|-
|-
| Duplikat
|achtundzwanzigste
| duplicate record
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| durch
|achtzehn
| through
|eighteen
|-
|-
| Durchfall
|achtzehnhundert
| diarrhea
|eighteen hundred
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== E  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|achtzehnte
| '''English'''
|eighteenth
|-
|-
| E. = Einwohner
|achtzig
| residents, population
|eighty
|-
|-
| Eis. = Eisenbahn
|achtzigste
| railroad, train
|eightieth
|-
|-
| Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|Ackermann
| Evangelical (Lutheran)
|farmer
|-
|-
| ebenda
|Adel
| at the same place
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
| Ehe
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| marriage
|formerly employed, retired
|-
|-
| Ehebrecher
|adoptiert
| adulterer
|adopted
|-
|-
| Ehebruch
|Ahnen
| adultery
|ancestors
|-
|-
| Ehefrau
|Ahnentafel
| wife, housewife
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
| Ehehindernis
|Akten
| hinderance to marriage
|documents
|-
|-
| ehel. = ehelich
|alle
| legitimate
|all
|-
|-
| eheleiblich
|allhier
| legitimate
|in this place
|-
|-
| Eheleute
|alt
| married couple
|old
|-
|-
| ehelich
|Altbürger
| legitimate
|full citizen
|-
|-
| ehemals
|Alter
| formerly
|age
|-
|-
| Ehemann
|Altersschwäche
| husband
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
| Ehepaar
|ältest
| married couple
|eldest
|-
|-
| Ehescheidung
|alt-katholisch
| divorce
|old Catholic
|-
|-
| Eheschließung
|Amman
| marriage
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
| Ehestand
|Amt
| married state
|office, district
|-
|-
| Eheverkündigungen
|Anbauer
| marriage banns
|peasant
|-
|-
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|andere
| betrothal, engagement
|other, next
|-
|-
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|Angeber
| son-in-law
|informant
|-
|-
| Eigentümer
|angeblich
| proprietor, property owner
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
| ein, eine
|angeheiratet
| a, one, an
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
| Einbürgerung
|Anhalt
| naturalization
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Einlieger
|Anmerkungen
| landless farm laborer
|remarks
|-
|-
| eins
|Ansiedler
| one
|settler
|-
|-
| Einsender
|Anspänner
| informant, declarant
|farmer
|-
|-
| eintausendachthundert
|Anzeigender
| eighteen hundred
|informant
|-
|-
| eintausendfünfhundert
|apostolisch
| fifteen hundred
|Apostolic
|-
|-
| eintausendneunhundert
|April
| nineteen hundred
|April
|-
|-
| eintausendsechshundert
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| sixteen hundred
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|Arbeitsbuch
| seventeen hundred
|employment record book
|-
|-
| einunddreissig
|Archiv
| thirty-one
|archive
|-
|-
| einunddreissigste
|arm
| thirty-first
|poor
|-
|-
| einundzwanzigste
|Armut
| twenty-first
|poverty
|-
|-
| Einwanderer
|Arzt
| immigrant
|physician
|-
|-
| Einwanderung
|auch
| immigration
|also, too
|-
|-
| Einwilligung
|auf
| permission
|on, upon, at
|-
|-
| Einwohner
|aufbieten
| inhabitant
|post banns
|-
|-
| einzige
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| only
|residence permit
|-
|-
| Eisenbahn
|Aufenthaltsort
| railroad
|residence
|-
|-
| Eiterbeule
|Aufgebot
| abscess
|publication of banns
|-
|-
| elf
|Aufnahmebuch
| eleven
|book listing debts
|-
|-
| elfte
|Aufnahmeland
| eleventh
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
| Eltern
|August
| parents
|August
|-
|-
| Enkel
|aus
| grandson
|from, out of
|-
|-
| Enkelin
|außen
| granddaughter
|outside
|-
|-
| Enkelkind
|äußere
| grandchild
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
| eod(em)
|außerehelich
| the same, ditto
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Epilepsie
|Auswanderer
| epilepsy
|emigrant
|-
|-
| er
|Auswanderung
| he
|emigration
|-
|-
| Erben
|Ausweis
| heirs
|identification document
|-
|-
| Erbschaft
|Auszehrung
| inheritance
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
| erhalten
|Auszug
| received, receive
|extract
|-
|}
| erklärt
 
| declared
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Erlassung
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| dispensation, permission
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Ermächtigung
|B. = Bezirk
| authorization
|district or area
|-
|-
| Ernting
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| August
|district office
|-
|-
| errechnet
|Bay. = Bayern
| approximated, calculated
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| erschien
|Bd. = Band
| appeared
|volume
|-
|-
| erste
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| first
|railroad station
|-
|-
| erstgeboren
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| firstborn
|military district command
|-
|-
| ertrank, ertrunken
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| drowned
|or, respectively
|-
|-
| erzeugen
|Bäcker
| beget
|baker
|-
|-
| erzeugt
|Bad
| begat
|spa, resort
|-
|-
| es
|Badeort
| it
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
| et uxor
|Bader
| and wife (Latin)
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
| evangelisch
|Band
| evangelical
|volume
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== F  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Baptist
| '''English'''
|Baptist
|-
|-
| Fabrikant
|Baron
| manufacturer
|baron
|-
|-
| Familie
|Bauer
| family
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
| Familienbuch
|Bayern
| family register
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Familienforschung
|Beamter
| genealogical research
|official, registrar
|-
|-
| Familienregister
|Beck(er)
| family register
|baker
|-
|-
| Färber
|beerdigt
| dyer
|buried
|-
|-
| Faßbinder
|Beerdigung
| cooper, barrel maker
|burial, interment
|-
|-
| Fäule
|beglaubigt
| cancer
|certified, attested
|-
|-
| Fayencenhändler
|begraben
| porcelain merchant
|buried
|-
|-
| Februar
|Begräbnis
| February
|burial
|-
|-
| Fehlgeburt
|bei
| miscarriage
|at, in, by
|-
|-
| Festtag
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| Festung
|Beichte
| fortress
|confession
|-
|-
| Fieber
|beide
| fever
|both
|-
|-
| Findling
|Beilage
| foundling
|supplement
|-
|-
| Firmung
|Bekannte(r)
| confirmation
|acquaintance
|-
|-
| Fischer
|Bekehrung
| fisher
|conversion
|-
|-
| Fl. = Florin
|Beklagter(in)
| standard monetary unit
|defendant
|-
|-
| Flecken
|Belege
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
| Fleckfieber
|Bemerkungen
| spotted fever, typhus
|remarks
|-
|-
| Fleischer
|Berg
| butcher
|hill, mountain
|-
|-
| Fleischhauer
|Bergmann
| butcher
|miner
|-
|-
| Flüchtling
|Beruf
| refugee, deserter
|occupation, profession
|-
|-
| Fluß
|Beschreibung
| river
|description
|-
|-
| folgende
|Besitzer
| following, next
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
| Forst
|Bestandmüller
| forest
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| Förster
|bestätigt
| forester
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
| Fourier
|bestattet
| quartermaster
|buried
|-
|-
| Fraisen
|bettlägerig
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|bedridden
|-
|-
| Frankreich
|Bettler
| France
|beggar
|-
|-
| Frau
|Bevölkerungsregister
| Mrs., wife, woman
|population register
|-
|-
| Fräulein
|bevorstehend
| Miss, unmarried woman
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
| Freibauer
|Bezirk
| farmer who owns his own land
|district
|-
|-
| Freiherr
|Biographie
| baron
|biography
|-
|-
| Freitag
|Bischof
| Friday
|bishop
|-
|-
| fremd
|Bistum
| foreign, strange
|diocese
|-
|-
| Freund
|Blattern
| friend
|smallpox
|-
|-
| Friedhof
|blutend
| cemetery
|bleeding
|-
|-
| früh
|Blütenmonat
| early (a.m.)
|May
|-
|-
| früher
|Blutsverwandschaft
| former, formerly
|blood relationship
|-
|-
| fünf
|Böhmen
| five
|Bohemia
|-
|-
| fifth
|Bootsmann
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzigste
|Böttcher
| twenty-fifth
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| fünfzehn
|Brauer
| fifteen
|brewer
|-
|-
| fünfzehnhundert
|Bräune
| fifteen hundred
|diphtheria
|-
|-
| fünfzehnte
|Braut
| fifteenth
|bride
|-
|-
| fünfzig
|Bräutigam
| fifty
|bridegroom
|-
|-
| fünfzigste
|Brücke
| fiftieth
|bridge
|-
|-
| für
|Bruder
| for
|brother
|-
|-
| Fürst
|Bub
| prince, count
|boy
|-
|-
| Fürstentum
|Buch
| principality
|book
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== G  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Büdner
| '''English'''
|cottager
|-
|-
| G. = Gericht
|Burg
| court
|castle, fortress
|-
|-
| geb. = geboren
|Bürger
| born, maiden name
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
| Gem. = Gemeinde
|Bürgerbuch
| community, municipality, parish, town
|citizen register
|-
|-
| gest. = gestorben
|Bürgermeister
| died
|mayor
|-
|-
| get. = getauft
|Büroangestellte
| baptized, christened
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
| Gr. = Groß
|Bursch, Pursch
| Great (part of place name)
|young man
|-
|-
| Gärtner
|Büttner
| gardener
|barrel maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Gastwirt
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| innkeeper
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Gatte
|ca. = circa
| husband
|about
|-
|-
| Gattin
|Chirug
| wife
|surgeon
|-
|-
| geben, gab
|Christmonat
| given, gave
|December
|-
|-
| Gebiet
|Colonist
| region, area, zone
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| geboren
|Comparent
| born, maiden name
|informant
|-
|-
| Gebühren
|copulieren
| fees
|to marry
|-
|-
| Geburt
|Cossate, Cossathe
| birth
|cottager
|-
|-
| Geburtsort
|cribrarius
| place of birth
|sieve maker (Latin)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Geburtsschein
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| birth certificate
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Geburtsurkunde
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| birth certificate
|the
|-
|-
| gegen
|D. = Dorf
| against, towards
|village
|-
|-
| geheiratet
|das. = daselbst
| married
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| gehört
|Dachdecker
| belongs (to)
|roofer
|-
|-
| Geistliche(r)
|dahier
| clergyman
|here
|-
|-
| Gelbsucht
|dänisch
| jaundice
|Danish
|-
|-
| Geld
|das
| money
|the
|-
|-
| Gemahl(in)
|daselbst
| spouse, husband, wife
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| Gemeinde
|Datum
| community, municipality, parish, town
|date
|-
|-
| Gemeindemann
|Dekanat
| village official, village resident
|deanery
|-
|-
| Gemeindsmann
|dem, den
| citizen with full rights
|the
|-
|-
| gemelli
|der
| twins
|the, of the
|-
|-
| genannt
|derselbe
| named, alias, called
|the same
|-
|-
| Genealogie
|des
| genealogy
|of the
|-
|-
| Gerber
|deutsch
| tanner
|German
|-
|-
| Gericht
|Deutschland
| court
|Germany
|-
|-
| Gerichtsmann
|Dezember
| juryman
|December
|-
|-
| Gerichtsschreiber
|die
| court clerk
|the
|-
|-
| Gerichtsverwandter
|Diener
| member of the judicial court
|servant
|-
|-
| gesagt
|Dienst
| said, stated
|service, employment
|-
|-
| Geschichte
|Dienstag
| history
|Tuesday
|-
|-
| geschieden
|Dienstbotin
| divorced
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
| Geschlecht
|Dienstmagd
| gender, sex, lineage
|servant girl
|-
|-
| Geschlechterbücher
|dieser
| lineage books
|this, these
|-
|-
| Geschlechtsname
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| surname
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
| Geschwister
|Dispensation(en)
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
| Geschwulst
|Distrikt
| swelling, tumor
|district
|-
|-
| Geselle
|Domäne
| journeyman
|domain
|-
|-
| Gesellschaft
|Dominikalist
| society, group
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
| Gesetz
|Donnerstag
| law
|Thursday
|-
|-
| gesetzlich
|Dorf
| legal
|village
|-
|-
| gestern
|dort
| yesterday
|there
|-
|-
| gestorben
|drei
| died
|three
|-
|-
| Getaufte
|dreißig
| person who was baptized
|thirty
|-
|-
| getr. = getraut
|dreißigste
| married
|thirtieth
|-
|-
| Getraute
|dreiundzwanzigste
| married couple
|twenty-third
|-
|-
| Gevatter
|dreizehn
| godfather
|thirteen
|-
|-
| Gewerbe
|dreizehnte
| trade, occupation
|thirteenth
|-
|-
| Gicht
|dritte
| gout, arthritis
|third
|-
|-
| Gilde
|Duplikat
| guild
|duplicate record
|-
|-
| Glaube
|durch
| belief, faith
|through
|-
|-
| Glauben
|Durchfall
| religious affiliation
|diarrhea
|-
|}
| gleich
 
| same, alike, similar, right away
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|-
 
| Graf
===E===
| count (nobleman), earl
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Grafschaft
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| county
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Grenze
|E. = Einwohner
| border
|residents, population
|-
|-
| groß
|ehrngeachte
| big, great, large
|honorable
|-
|-
| Großeltern
|einkindschaften
| grandparents
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
| großjährig
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| of age
|railroad, train
|-
|-
| Großmutter
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| grandmother
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
| Großneffe
|ebenda
| great-nephew
|at the same place
|-
|-
| Großnichte
|Ehe
| great-niece
|marriage
|-
|-
| Großvater
|Ehebrecher
| grandfather
|adulterer
|-
|-
| Grundbuch
|Ehebruch
| land register
|adultery
|-
|-
| Gulden
|Ehefrau
| standard monetary unit, florin
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
| Gürtler
|Ehehindernis
| maker of straps and belts
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
| Gut
|ehel. = ehelich
| property, estate
|legitimate
|-
|-
| gut
|eheleiblich
| good
|legitimate
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== H  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Eheleute
| '''English'''
|married couple
|-
|-
| Hann. = Hannover
|ehelich
| Hannover
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|ehemals
| manor, estate, domain
|formerly
|-
|-
| Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|Ehemann
| Prussian province
|husband
|-
|-
| hzl. = herzoglich
|Ehepaar
| of the duke
|married couple
|-
|-
| Hzt. = Herzogtum
|Ehescheidung
| duchy
|divorce
|-
|-
| haben
|Eheschließung
| to have
|marriage
|-
|-
| halb
|Ehestand
| half
|married state
|-
|-
| halb drei
|Eheverkündigungen
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|marriage banns
|-
|-
| halb eins
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| halb zwei
|Eidam (Eidmann)
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Halbbauer
|Eigentümer
| small farmer
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
| Halbmeier
|ein, eine
| small farmer
|a, one, an
|-
|-
| Händler
|Einbürgerung
| trader, merchant, peddler
|naturalization
|-
|-
| Hartung
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| January
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Haupt-
|Einlieger
| chief, main
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
| Haus
|eins
| house
|one
|-
|-
| Hausfrau
|Einsender
| housewife
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
| Häusler
|eintausendachthundert
| cottager
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| Hausmädchen
|eintausendfünfhundert
| housemaid
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Hebamme
|eintausendneunhundert
| midwife
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| Heilquelle
|eintausendsechshundert
| spa, bath
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Heimat
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| home, native place, homeland
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Heimatschein
|einunddreissig
| domicile or residency certificate
|thirty-one
|-
|-
| Heimatsort
|einunddreissigste
| place of birth, home town
|thirty-first
|-
|-
| Heirat
|einundzwanzigste
| marriage
|twenty-first
|-
|-
| heiraten
|Einwanderer
| to marry
|immigrant
|-
|-
| Heiratsantrag
|Einwanderung
| marriage intentions
|immigration
|-
|-
| Heiratsbelege
|einwilligend
| marriage supplements
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
| Heiratskontrakt
|Einwilligung
| marriage contracts
|permission
|-
|-
| Heiratsprotokolle
|Einwohner
| marriage records
|inhabitant
|-
|-
| Heiratsschein
|einzige
| marriage certificate
|only
|-
|-
| heißt
|Eisenbahn
| is named
|railroad
|-
|-
| Hektar
|Eiterbeule
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|abscess
|-
|-
| Heraldik
|elf
| heraldry
|eleven
|-
|-
| Herkunftsort
|elfte
| place of origin
|eleventh
|-
|-
| Herr
|Eltern
| Mister, Lord, lord
|parents
|-
|-
| Herrschaft
|Enkel
| estate, dominion
|grandson
|-
|-
| Herzog
|Enkelin
| duke
|granddaughter
|-
|-
| Herzogtum
|Enkelkind
| duchy
|grandchild
|-
|-
| Hessische
|eod(em)
| Hessian
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
| Heuerling
|Epilepsie
| dayworker, hireling
|epilepsy
|-
|-
| Heuert, Heumonat
|er
| July
|he
|-
|-
| heute
|Erben
| today
|heirs
|-
|-
| hier
|Erbschaft
| here
|inheritance
|-
|-
| hiesiger Ort
|erhalten
| this place
|received, receive
|-
|-
| Hinterbliebene
|erklärt
| survivors
|declared
|-
|-
| hinterlassen
|Erlassung
| surviving, left behind
|dispensation, permission
|-
|-
| Hirt
|Ermächtigung
| herdsman
|authorization
|-
|-
| hitziges Fieber
|Ernting
| burning fever, high fever
|August
|-
|-
| hoch
|errechnet
| high
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
| Hochzeit
|erschien
| wedding
|appeared
|-
|-
| Hof
|erste
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|first
|-
|-
| Hofprediger
|erstgeboren
| chaplain
|firstborn
|-
|-
| Holländer
|Erstkommunikant
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
| Hornung
|ertrank, ertrunken
| February
|drowned
|-
|-
| Hüfner
|erzeugen
| farmer
|beget
|-
|-
| Hufschmied
|erzeugt
| blacksmith
|begat
|-
|-
| Hügel
|es
| hill
|it
|-
|-
| hundert
|et uxor
| hundred
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
| Hurenkind
|evangelisch
| illegitimate child
|evangelical
|-
| Husten
| cough
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== I  ====
===F===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| ihr, ihr-
|Fabrikant
| their, her
|manufacturer
|-
|-
| im
|Fabrikarbeiter
| in the
|factory worker
|-
|-
| immer
|Fallkind
| always
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
| in
|Familiant
| in, at
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
| Inhalt
|Familie
| content(s)
|family
|-
|-
| innerhalb
|Familienbuch
| inside of
|family register
|-
|-
| Innung
|Familienforschung
| guild
|genealogical research
|-
|-
| Instmann
|Familienregister
| tenant farmer
|family register
|-
|-
| ist
|Färber
| is
|dyer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== J  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Faßbinder
| '''English'''
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Jäger
|Fäule
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|cancer
|-
|-
| Jahr
|Fayencenhändler
| year
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
| Jahrestag
|Februar
| anniversary
|February
|-
|-
| Jahreszeit
|Fehlgeburt
| season
|miscarriage
|-
|-
| Jahrhundert
|Festtag
| century
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| jährlich
|Festung
| annual, yearly
|fortress
|-
|-
| Jahrzehnt
|Fieber
| decade
|fever
|-
|-
| Jänner
|Findling
| January
|foundling
|-
|-
| Januar
|Firmung
| January
|confirmation
|-
|-
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|Fischer
| each, every
|fisher
|-
|-
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Fl. = Florin
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|standard monetary unit
|-
|-
| jüdisch
|Flecken
| Jewish
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
| Jugend
|Fleckfieber
| youth, adolescence
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
| Juli
|Fleischer
| July
|butcher
|-
|-
| Julmonat
|Fleischhauer
| December
|butcher
|-
|-
| jung
|Flüchtling
| young
|refugee, deserter
|-
|-
| Junge
|Fluß
| a youth (male)
|river
|-
|-
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|folgende
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|following, next
|-
|-
| Junggeselle
|Forst
| bachelor
|forest
|-
|-
| Jüngling
|Förster
| bachelor, young man
|forester
|-
|-
| Juni
|Fourier
| June
|quartermaster
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== K  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Fraisen
| '''English'''
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Frankreich
| royal imperial
|France
|-
|-
| Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|Frau
| A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
| Kammerfrau
|Fräulein
| lady-in-waiting
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Kantor
|Freibauer
| choirmaster, organist
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
| Karpe
|Freiherr
| carpenter
|baron
|-
|-
| Karte
|Freitag
| map
|Friday
|-
|-
| Karrer
|fremd
| carter
|foreign, strange
|-
|-
| Kartei
|Freund
| card index
|friend
|-
|-
| Käthner, Kätner
|Friedhof
| cottager
|cemetery
|-
|-
| katholisch
|Friesel
| Catholic
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
| kaufen
|Friseur
| to buy
|hairdresser
|-
|-
| Kaufmann
|früh
| merchant
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| kein
|früher
| no, not any, none
|former, formerly
|-
|-
| Keller
|Frühgeburt
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|premature birth
|-
|-
| Kellner
|Frühkind
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
| Kessler
|fünf
| kettlemaker
|five
|-
|-
| Keuchhusten
|Fuhrmann
| whooping cough
|wagoner
|-
|-
| Kiefer
|fünfte
| cooper, barrel maker
|fifth
|-
|-
| Kind
|fünfundzwanzigste
| baby
|twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| Kindbettfieber
|fünfzehn
| childbed fever
|fifteen
|-
|-
| Kinder
|fünfzehnhundert
| children
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Kirche
|fünfzehnte
| church
|fifteenth
|-
|-
| Kirchenältester
|fünfzig
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|fifty
|-
|-
| Kirchenbuch
|fünfzigste
| parish register
|fiftieth
|-
|-
| Kirchengemeinde
|für
| parish
|for
|-
|-
| Kirchenpfleger
|Fürst
| churchwarden
|prince, count
|-
|-
| Kirchenrodel
|Fürstentum
| parish register
|principality
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===G===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Kirchensprengel
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| parish
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Kirchenvorsteher
|G. = Gericht
| churchwarden
|court
|-
|-
| kirchlich
|geb. = geboren
| pertaining to church
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Kirchrat
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| member of a church council
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Kirchspiel
|gest. = gestorben
| parish
|died
|-
|-
| klein
|get. = getauft
| little
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Knabe
|gez. = gezeichnet
| boy
|signed
|-
|-
| Knecht
|Gr. = Groß
| servant
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
| Kolonist
|Gärtner
| settler, colonist, farmer
|gardener
|-
|-
| Kommunikant
|Gastwirt
| communicant
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Kommunion
|Gatte
| communion
|husband
|-
|-
| Konfirmation
|Gattin
| confirmation
|wife
|-
|-
| König
|geben, gab
| king
|given, gave
|-
|-
| königlich
|Gebiet
| royal
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
| Königreich
|geboren
| kingdom
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Kopulation
|Gebühren
| marriage
|fees
|-
|-
| kopulieren
|Geburt
| to marry
|birth
|-
|-
| Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|Geburtsort
| cottager
|place of birth
|-
|-
| Kossattin
|Geburtsschein
| female cottager
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Kötter, Kötner
|Geburtsurkunde
| small farmer, cottager
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Krämer
|gegen
| grocer, small retailer
|against, towards
|-
|-
| Krämpfe
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| cramps,, convulsions
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
| Krankheit
|gegenwärtig
| disease, sickness
|currently
|-
|-
| Krebs
|geheiratet
| cancer
|married
|-
|-
| Kreis
|gehört
| county
|belongs (to)
|-
|-
| Krieg
|Geistliche(r)
| war
|clergyman
|-
|-
| Kröger, Krogmann
|Gelbsucht
| innkeeper
|jaundice
|-
|-
| Küfer
|Geld
| cooper, barrel maker
|money
|-
|-
| Kuhhirte
|Gemahl(in)
| cowherd
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| Kupferschmied
|Gemeinde
| coppersmith
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Kurort
|Gemeindemann
| spa
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
| Kusine
|Gemeindsmann
| female cousin
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
| Kutscher
|gemelli
| coachman
|twins
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== L  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|genannt
| '''English'''
|named, alias, called
|-
|-
| Land
|Genealogie
| land, country
|genealogy
|-
|-
| Landarbeiter
|genesen
| farmhand
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
| Landkarte
|Gerber
| map
|tanner
|-
|-
| Landwirt
|Gericht
| farmer
|court
|-
|-
| lassen
|Gerichtsmann
| to let, leave, allow
|juryman
|-
|-
| lebendig
|Gerichtsschöffe
| living
|member of the court
|-
|-
| ledig
|Gerichtsschöppe
| single, unmarried
|member of the court
|-
|-
| legitimiert
|Gerichtsschreiber
| made legitimate, legitimized
|court clerk
|-
|-
| Lehrer
|Gerichtsverwandter
| teacher
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
| Lehrling
|gesagt
| apprentice
|said, stated
|-
|-
| Leiche
|Geschichte
| corpse, body
|history
|-
|-
| Leichenpredigt
|geschieden
| funeral sermon
|divorced
|-
|-
| Leinenweber
|Geschlecht
| linen weaver
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
| Lenz
|Geschlechterbücher
| spring (season)
|lineage books
|-
|-
| letzte Ölung
|Geschlechtsname
| last rites, extreme unction
|surname
|-
|-
| letzte Salbung
|Geschwister
| last rites, extreme unction
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
| Letzter
|Geschwisterkind
| latter, last
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
|-
|-
| letzter Wille
|Geschwulst
| last will
|swelling, tumor
|-
|-
| links
|Geselle
| left
|journeyman
|-
|-
| Lungenentzündung
|Gesellschaft
| pneumonia
|society, group
|-
|-
| Lungenschwindsucht
|Gesetz
| consumption, tuberculosis
|law
|-
|-
| lutherisch
|gesetzlich
| Lutheran
|legal
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== M  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|gestern
| '''English'''
|yesterday
|-
|-
| Mädchen
|gestorben
| girl
|died
|-
|-
| Mädel
|Getaufte
| girl
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
| Magd
|getr. = getraut
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|married
|-
|-
| Mägdlein
|Getraute
| girl, little girl
|married couple
|-
|-
| Mai
|Gevatter
| May
|godfather
|-
|-
| Maler
|Gewerbe
| painter
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
| Mann
|gewerblos
| husband, man
|without occupation
|-
|-
| männlich
|Gicht
| male
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
| Markt
|Gilde
| market
|guild
|-
|-
| März
|Glaser
| March
|glazier
|-
|-
| Masern
|Glasermeister
| measles
|master glazier
|-
|-
| Matrikel
|Glaube
| register
|belief, faith
|-
|-
| Maurer
|Glauben
| mason
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
| Meister, -meister
|gleich
| master
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
| Mennoniten
|Gode
| Mennonites
|godmother
|-
|-
| Metzger
|Graf
| butcher
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
| Militär
|Grafschaft
| military
|county
|-
|-
| minderjährig
|Grenze
| underaged, minor
|border
|-
|-
| mit
|groß
| with, via, by
|big, great, large
|-
|-
| Mitglied
|Großeltern
| member
|grandparents
|-
|-
| Mittag
|großjährig
| midday
|of age
|-
|-
| mittags
|Großmutter
| at noon
|grandmother
|-
|-
| Mitternacht
|Großneffe
| midnight
|great-nephew
|-
|-
| Mittwoch
|Großnichte
| Wednesday
|great-niece
|-
|-
| Monat
|Großvater
| month
|grandfather
|-
|-
| Montag
|Grundbuch
| Monday
|land register
|-
|-
| Morgen
|Gulden
| morning, tomorrow
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
| Morgen (morgen)
|Gürtler
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
| morgens
|Gut
| in the morning
|property, estate
|-
|-
| Mühle
|gut
| mill
|good
|-
|-
| mündlich
|Gutsbesitzer
| verbal, verbally
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
| Mutter
|Gutsverwalter
| Mother
|Estate Manager
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== N  ====
===H===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|Handzeichen
| name not known
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
| nach
|Hann. = Hannover
| to, after, according to
|Hanover
|-
|-
| Nachbar
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| neighbor
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
| Nachbarschaft
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| neighborhood
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| nachgelassen
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| surviving
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
| Nachlaß
|hzl. = herzoglich
| estate, inheritance
|of the duke
|-
|-
| Nachmittag
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| afternoon
|duchy
|-
|-
| nachmittags
|haben
| in the afternoon
|to have
|-
|-
| nächst(e)
|halb
| next
|half
|-
|-
| Nacht
|halb drei
| night
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Näherin
|halb eins
| seamstress
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Name
|halb zwei
| name
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
| nat. = natus, nata
|Halbbauer
| born
|small farmer
|-
|-
| natus, nata
|Halbmeier
| born
|small farmer
|-
|-
| neben
|Halbzeugmacher
| next to
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
| Nebenfrau
|Hartung
| concubine
|January
|-
|-
| Neffe
|Händler
| nephew
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
| Nervenfieber
|Haupt-
| nervous fever
|chief, main
|-
|-
| neu
|Haus
| new
|house
|-
|-
| neun
|Hausfrau
| nine
|housewife
|-
|-
| neunte
|Häusler
| ninth
|cottager
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzigte
|Hausmädchen
| twenty-ninth
|housemaid
|-
|-
| neunzehn
|Hebamme
| nineteen
|midwife
|-
|-
| neunzehnhundert
|Heilquelle
| nineteen hundred
|spa, bath
|-
|-
| neunzehnte
|Heimat
| nineteenth
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
| neunzig
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| ninety
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
| neunzigste
|Heimatsort
| ninetieth
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
| Nicht
|Heirat
| not
|marriage
|-
|-
| Nichte
|heiraten
| niece
|to marry
|-
|-
| nichts
|Heiratsantrag
| nothing
|marriage intentions
|-
|-
| nie
|Heiratsbelege
| never
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
| nieder
|Heiratskontrakt
| lower
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
| niederländisch
|Heiratsprotokolle
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|marriage records
|-
|-
| noch
|Heiratsschein
| still
|marriage certificate
|-
|-
| noch lebende
|heißt
| still living
|is named
|-
|-
| noch nicht
|Hektar
| not yet
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
| Nord
|Helfer
| north
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
| Notizen
|Heraldik
| notices, miscellaneous records
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Nottaufe
|Herkunftsort
| emergency baptism
|place of origin
|-
|-
| November
|Herr
| November
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
| Nummer
|Herrschaft
| number
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
| nur
|herrschaftlich
| only
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|}
|-
 
|Herzog
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|duke
 
|-
==== O  ====
|Herzogtum
 
|duchy
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Hessische
| '''English'''
|Hessian
|-
|-
| O.A. = Oberamt
|Heuerling
| governing district office
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
| ober
|Heuert, Heumonat
| upper, over
|July
|-
|-
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|heute
| chief, head; upper, over
|today
|-
|-
| Oberamt
|hier
| governing district office
|here
|-
|-
| oder
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| or
|local
|-
|-
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|hiesiger Ort
| make known publicly
|this place
|-
|-
| oft
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| often
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
| Oheim
|Hinterbliebene
| uncle
|survivors
|-
|-
| ohne
|hinterlassen
| without
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
| Oktober
|Hirt
| October
|herdsman
|-
|-
| Onkel
|hitziges Fieber
| uncle
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
| Ort
|hoch
| place, town
|high
|-
|-
| Ortslexikon
|Hochzeit
| gazetteer
|wedding
|-
|-
| Osten
|Hof
| east
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Hofprediger
| Easter (could be March or April)
|chaplain
|-
|-
| Ostermonat
|Holländer
| April
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Hollandgänger
| Easter
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
| Österreich
|Hornung
| Austria
|February
|-
|-
| österreichisch
|Hüfner
| Austrian
|farmer
|}
|-
|Hufschmied
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|Hügel
|hill
|-
|hundert
|hundred
|-
|Hurenkind
|illegitimate child
|-
|Husten
|cough
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===I===


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|ihr, ihr-
|their, her
|-
|im
|in the
|-
|im Leben
|in life, while living
|-
|immer
|always
|-
|in
|in, at
|-
|Inhalt
|content(s)
|-
|innerhalb
|inside of
|-
|Innung
|guild
|-
|Inspektor
|inspector
|-
|Instmann
|tenant farmer
|-
|ist
|is
|-
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
|now
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== P  ====
===J===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Pächter
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
| leaseholder
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|-
| Pate
|Jäger
| godfather
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|-
| Paten
|Jahr
| godparents
|year
|-
|-
| Pest
|Jahrestag
| plague
|anniversary
|-
|-
| Pfalz
|Jahreszeit
| Palatinate
|season
|-
|-
| Pfarramt
|Jahrhundert
| parish office
|century
|-
|-
| Pfarrbuch
|jährlich
| parish register
|annual, yearly
|-
|-
| Pfarrei
|Jahrzehnt
| parish
|decade
|-
|-
| Pfarrer
|Jänner
| parish minister, pastor
|January
|-
|-
| Pfingsten
|Januar
| Pentecost
|January
|-
|-
| Pflegekind
|jeder (jede, jedes)
| foster child
|each, every
|-
|-
| Pflegesohn
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
| foster son
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Pflegetochter
|Joe.
| foster daughter
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|-
| Platz
|jüdisch
| place (location)
|Jewish
|-
|-
| Pocken
|Jugend
| pox, smallpox
|youth, adolescence
|-
|-
| Polen
|Juli
| Poland
|July
|-
|-
| polnisch
|Julmonat
| Polish
|December
|-
|-
| Posamentierer
|jung
| A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|young
|-
|-
| preußisch
|Junge
| Prussia
|a youth (male)
|-
|-
| Priester
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
| priest
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Prinz
|Junggeselle
| prince
|bachelor
|-
|-
| Prinzessin
|Jüngling
| princess
|bachelor, young man
|-
|-
| protestantisch
|jüngsthin
| Protestant
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
| Provinz
|Juni
| province
|June
|-
|-
| provinzial
|Justmann
| provincial
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== R  ====
===K===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Räbbe
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| rabies
|royal imperial
|-
|-
| Räcke
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
| stiffness of the limbs
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
| Racker
|Kammerfrau
| renderer
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|Kantor
| wheelwright
|choirmaster, organist
|-
|-
| Radhauer
|Karpe
| wheelwright
|carpenter
|-
|-
| Rathaus
|Karte
| city hall
|map
|-
|-
| Ratsherr
|Karrer
| alderman
|carter
|-
|-
| Ratsmann
|Kartei
| councilman; town councilor
|card index
|-
|-
| Rechnung
|Kassierer
| account; bill
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
| rechtgläubig
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
| orthodox
|cottager
|-
|-
| Rechsanwalt
|Käthner, Kätner
| lawyer
|cottager
|-
|-
| reformiert
|katholisch
| reformed
|Catholic
|-
|-
| Regierungsbezirk
|kaufen
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|to buy
|-
|-
| Register
|Kaufmann
| register (a book or list)
|merchant
|-
|-
| Reich
|kein
| empire; kingdom
|no, not any, none
|-
|-
| Reifer
|Keller
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
| Reiter
|Kellner
| rider; cavalryman
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
| relicta
|Kessler
| widow
|kettlemaker
|-
|-
| relictus
|Keuchhusten
| widower
|whooping cough
|-
|-
| Religion
|Kiefer
| religion
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| ren. = renatus, renata
|Kind
| baptized, christened
|baby
|-
|-
| Rentner
|Kindbetterin
| retired person
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|-
| Rheuma
|Kindbettfieber
| rheumatism
|childbed fever
|-
|-
| Richter
|Kinder
| judge
|children
|-
|-
| Rodel
|Kirche
| register
|church
|-
|-
| Röseler
|Kirchenältester
| whitewasher
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|-
| Rössler
|Kirchenbuch
| horseman; tanner
|parish register
|-
|-
| römisch katholisch
|Kirchengemeinde
| Roman Catholic
|parish
|-
|-
| Röt
|Kirchenpfleger
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Rotgerber
|Kirchenrodel
| red tanner
|parish register
|-
|-
| Ruhestand
|Kirchensprengel
| retirement
|parish
|-
|-
| Ruhr
|Kirchenvorsteher
| dysentery
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| russisch
|Kirchhöre
| Russian
|church parish
|-
|-
| Rußland
|kirchlich
| Russia
|pertaining to church
|}
|-
 
|Kirchrat
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|member of a church council
 
==== S  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Kirchspiel
| '''English'''
|parish
|-
|-
| S. = Seite
|Kläger(in), Klr.
| page
|plaintiff
|-
|-
| s. = siehe
|klein
| see the following reference
|little
|-
|-
| Sachsen
|Knabe
| Saxony
|boy
|-
|-
| Sackhuhn
|Knecht
| sailmaker
|servant
|-
|-
| Säger
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
| sawyer
|cottager
|-
|-
| Salbung
|Kolonist
| anointing
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|-
| Salzvogt
|Kommunikant
| salt works overseer
|communicant
|-
|-
| Samstag
|Kommunion
| Saturday
|communion
|-
|-
| Sarkhauer
|Konfirmation
| stonemason
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Satertag
|Konditormeister
| Saturday
|master cake-maker
|-
|-
| Sattler
|Konfitenten
| saddler, leather worker
|confessants
|-
|-
| Schacherer
|König
| peddler
|king
|-
|-
| Schäfer
|königlich
| shepherd
|royal
|-
|-
| Schaffer
|Königreich
| worker; laborer; administrator
|kingdom
|-
|-
| Schäf(f)ler
|Kooperator
| cooper
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|-
| Schaffmann
|Kopulation
| worker
|marriage
|-
|-
| Schaffner
|kopulieren
| conductor
|to marry
|-
|-
| Schalck, Schall
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
| servant
|cottager
|-
|-
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Kossattin
| scarlet fever
|female cottager
|-
|-
| Scharnemann
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
| merchant in a market
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|-
| Scharrmacher
|Krämer
| wagon builder
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|-
| Scharwerker
|Krämpfe
| day laborer on a farm
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|-
| Schatter, Schattmann
|Krankheit
| tax assessor
|disease, sickness
|-
|-
| Schatzmann
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
| moneychanger; treasurer
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schatzmeister
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| treasurer
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Scheibenreisser
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| glazier
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Scheibler
|Krebs
| salt carrier
|cancer
|-
|-
| Scheiding
|Kreis
| September
|county
|-
|-
| Scheidler
|Krieg
| knife-blade maker
|war
|-
|-
| Scheidung
|Kröger, Krogmann
| divorce
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Schein
|Küfer
| certificate
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Schenkungen
|Kuhhirte
| donations
|cowherd
|-
|-
| Scherer
|Kupferschmied
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|coppersmith
|-
|-
| Schichtmeister
|Kurort
| mine paymaster
|spa
|-
|-
| Schiffbauer
|Kusine
| shipbuilder
|female cousin
|-
|-
| Schiffer
|Küster
| shipper; seaman
|sexton
|-
|-
| Schiffmann
|Kutscher
| sailor
|coachman
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Schiffsmakler
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schilderer
|Land
| sign painter
|land, country
|-
|-
| Schindeldecker
|Landarbeiter
| roofer of shingle roofs
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Schindelmacher
|Landkarte
| shingle maker
|map
|-
|-
| Schinner
|Landwirt
| renderer, skinner
|farmer
|-
|-
| Schirmmacher
|lassen
| umbrella maker
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|-
| Schirrmacher
|lebendig
| wagon maker
|living
|-
|-
| Schirrmeister
|ledig
| master wagon maker
|single, unmarried
|-
|-
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|legitimiert
| butcher
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|-
| Schlachtmann
|Lehrer
| butcher
|teacher
|-
|-
| Schlachtwanter
|Lehrling
| clothing wholesaler
|apprentice
|-
|-
| Schlafbaas
|Leiche
| innkeeper
|corpse, body
|-
|-
| Schlaganfall
|Leichenpredigt
| stroke, seizure
|funeral sermon
|-
|-
| Schlagfluß
|Leinenweber
| stroke
|linen weaver
|-
|-
| Schlieper
|Lenz
| knifemaker; cutler
|spring (season)
|-
|-
| Schlieter
|letzte Ölung
| merchant
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| Schloß
|letzte Salbung
| castle
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| Schlosser
|Letzter
| locksmith
|latter, last
|-
|-
| Schlotfeger
|letzter Wille
| chimneysweep
|last will
|-
|-
| Schlotthauer
|links
| locksmith
|left
|-
|-
| Schmied
|Lippische Ziegler
| smith
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|-
| Schneider
|lohgerbermeister
| tailor
|master tanner
|-
|-
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|Lungenentzündung
| woodcarver
|pneumonia
|-
|-
| Schopper
|Lungenschwindsucht
| ship's carpenter
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
| Schornsteinfeger
|lutherisch
| chimneysweep
|Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Schosserheber
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| tax collector
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schösser
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
| tax collector
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
| Schotte
|Mädchen
| peddler
|girl
|-
|-
| Schottler
|Mädel
| turner; key maker
|girl
|-
|-
| Schottilier
|Magd
| turner; carpenter
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|-
| Schreiber
|Mägdlein
| scribe, clerk
|girl, little girl
|-
|-
| Schreiner
|Mai
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|May
|-
|-
| Schriftsetzer
|Maler
| typesetter
|painter
|-
|-
| Schroder, Schröder
|Mann
| tailor
|husband, man
|-
|-
| Schröer
|männlich
| tailor
|male
|-
|-
| Schröter
|mannschaftlich
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|-
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
| shoemaker
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|-
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Markt
| shoemaker
|market
|-
|-
| Schuhmacher
|März
| shoemaker, cobbler
|March
|-
|-
| Schule
|Masern
| school
|measles
|-
|-
| Schullehrer
|Matrikel
| schoolteacher
|register
|-
|-
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|Matrose
| village mayor, head of town council
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|-
| Schüssler
|Maurer
| bowl maker
|mason
|-
|-
| Schuster
|Mautner
| shoemaker, cobbler
|customs official
|-
|-
| Schuwarte
|Meister, -meister
| shoemaker
|master
|-
|-
| Schwäche
|Mennoniten
| weakness
|Mennonites
|-
|-
| Schwager
|Messerschmied
| brother-in-law
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|-
| Schwägerin
|Metzger, Mezger
| sister-in-law
|butcher
|-
|-
| Schwaiger
|Meubelfabrakant
| shepherd
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|-
| schwanger
|Militär
| pregnant
|military
|-
|-
| schwarz
|minderjährig
| black
|underaged, minor
|-
|-
| schwarzer Tod
|mit
| black death; plague
|with, via, by
|-
|-
| Schwarzgiesser
|Mitglied
| iron smelter
|member
|-
|-
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|Mittag
| pigherd
|midday
|-
|-
| Schweisser
|mittags
| welder
|at noon
|-
|-
| Schweiz
|Mitternacht
| Switzerland
|midnight
|-
|-
| Schweizer
|Mittwoch
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|Wednesday
|-
|-
| Schwendimann
|Monat
| settler on recently burned woodland
|month
|-
|-
| Schwerdtfeger
|Montag
| armorer
|Monday
|-
|-
| Schwester
|Morgen
| sister
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|-
| Schwiegermutter
|Morgen (morgen)
| mother-in-law
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|-
| Schwiegersohn
|morgens
| son-in-law
|in the morning
|-
|-
| Schwiegertochter
|müheseelig Mench
| daughter-in-law
|handicapped person
|-
|-
| Schwiegervater
|Mühle
| father-in-law
|mill
|-
|-
| Schwindsucht
|Mühlerbesitzer
| consumption
|mill owner
|-
|-
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|Mühlenpächter
| son of
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| sechs
|Mullnäher
| six
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|-
| sechste
|mündlich
| sixth
|verbal, verbally
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig
|Mutter
| twenty-six
|Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzigste
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| twenty-sixth
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| sechzehnhundert
|N.N. = nomen nescio
| sixteen hundred
|name not known
|-
|-
| sechzehn
|nach
| sixteen
|to, after, according to
|-
|-
| sechzehnte
|Nachbar
| sixteenth
|neighbor
|-
|-
| sechzig
|Nachbarschaft
| sixty
|neighborhood
|-
|-
| sechzigste
|nachgelassen
| sixtieth
|surviving
|-
|-
| See
|Nachlaß
| lake
|estate, inheritance
|-
|-
| Seelen
|Nachmittag
| souls
|afternoon
|-
|-
| Seelenregister
|nachmittags
| church membership list
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| Seelsorger
|nächst(e)
| minister, chaplain
|next
|-
|-
| Seemann
|Nacht
| sailor
|night
|-
|-
| Segner
|Näherin
| fisherman
|seamstress
|-
|-
| Seifensieder
|Name
| soap maker
|name
|-
|-
| Seigner
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
| fisherman
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|-
| Seiler
|nat. = natus, nata
| rope maker
|born
|-
|-
| sein
|natus, nata
| to be; his
|born
|-
|-
| seit
|neben
| since
|next to
|-
|-
| Seite
|Nebenfrau
| page
|concubine
|-
|-
| selige
|Neffe
| (the) late, blessed
|nephew
|-
|-
| September
|nemlich
| September
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|-
| Sibber
|Nervenfieber
| sieve maker
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|-
| Sibmacher
|neu
| sieve maker
|new
|-
|-
| sich
|neun
| himself, herself, itself
|nine
|-
|-
| sie
|neunte
| she, they
|ninth
|-
|-
| Sie
|neunundzwanzigte
| you
|twenty-ninth
|-
|-
| sieben
|neunzehn
| seven
|nineteen
|-
|-
| siebente
|neunzehnhundert
| seventh
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzigste
|neunzehnte
| twenty-seventh
|nineteenth
|-
|-
| siebte
|neunzig
| seventh
|ninety
|-
|-
| siebzehn
|neunzigste
| seventeen
|ninetieth
|-
|-
| siebzehnhundert
|Nicht
| seventeen hundred
|not
|-
|-
| siebzehnte
|Nichte
| seventeenth
|niece
|-
|-
| siebzig
|nichts
| seventy
|nothing
|-
|-
| siebzigste
|nie
| seventieth
|never
|-
|-
| Sieder
|nieder
| soap maker
|lower
|-
|-
| siehe
|niederländisch
| see
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|-
| Sigrist
|noch
| sexton
|still
|-
|-
| sind
|noch lebende
| are
|still living
|-
|-
| so
|noch nicht
| as, so, thus, such
|not yet
|-
|-
| Sohn
|Nord
| son
|north
|-
|-
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|Notizen
| young son
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|-
| Soldat
|Nottaufe
| soldier
|emergency baptism
|-
|-
| Söldner
|November
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|November
|-
|-
| sollen
|Nummer
| should
|number
|-
|-
| Sonnabend
|nur
| Saturday
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Sonntag
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Sunday
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| spät
|O.A. = Oberamt
| late (p.m.)
|governing district office
|-
|-
| Spengler
|ober
| plumber; tinsmith
|upper, over
|-
|-
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
| illegitimate
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|-
| Staat
|Oberamt
| state
|governing district office
|-
|-
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|Oberpostamtmann
| citizenship, nationality
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|-
| Staatsarchiv
|oder
| state archives
|or
|-
|-
| Stadt
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
| city
|make known publicly
|-
|-
| Stammbaum
|oft
| family tree, pedigree
|often
|-
|-
| Stand
|Oheim, Ohm
| occupation, status, condition
|maternal uncle
|-
|-
| Standesamt
|ohne
| civil registrar’s office
|without
|-
|-
| starb
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
| died
|without any particular occupation
|-
|-
| Steinhauer
|Oktober
| stonecutter
|October
|-
|-
| Steinmetz
|Onkel
| stonemason
|uncle
|-
|-
| stellen
|Ort
| place, put, impose
|place, town
|-
|-
| Stellmacher
|Ortslexikon
| wheelwright
|gazetteer
|-
|-
| Sterbefälle
|Osten
| deaths
|east
|-
|-
| sterben
|Ostern
| to die
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|-
| Steuer
|Ostermonat
| tax
|April
|-
|-
| Stickfluß
|Ostern
| asthma
|Easter
|-
|-
| Stiefbruder
|Österreich
| half brother, stepbrother
|Austria
|-
|-
| Stiefkind
|österreichisch
| stepchild
|Austrian
|-
|}
| Stiefmutter
| stepmother
|-
| Stiefschwester
| half sister, stepsister
|-
| Stiefvater
| stepfather
|-
| Stillgeburt
| stillbirth
|-
| Straße
| street
|-
| Stunde
| hour
|-
| Sucht
| sickness, mania, rage
|-
| Süden
| south
|-
| S.v. = Sohn von
| son of
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== T  ====
===P===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
|Pächter
| daughter of
|leaseholder
|-
|-
| T.v. = Tochter von
|Pate
| daughter of
|godfather
|-
|-
| Tabelle
|Paten
| index, table
|godparents
|-
|-
| Tag
|Patin
| day
|godmother
|-
|-
| Tagelöhner
|Pest
| day laborer
|plague
|-
|-
| Tagner
|Pfalz
| day laborer
|Palatinate
|-
|-
| Tal, Thal
|Pfarramt
| valley
|parish office
|-
|-
| Tante
|Pfarrbuch
| aunt
|parish register
|-
|-
| Tapazier
|Pfarrei
| (wall)paper hanger
|parish
|-
|-
| Taufe
|Pfarrer
| baptism
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|-
| taufen
|Pfarrverweser
| to baptize
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|-
| Taufpaten
|Pfingsten
| godparents
|Pentecost
|-
|-
| Taufschein
|Pflegekind
| baptismal certificate
|foster child
|-
|-
| tausend
|Pflegesohn
| thousand
|foster son
|-
|-
| Testament
|Pflegetochter
| will
|foster daughter
|-
|-
| Tischler
|Pfleggericht
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|-
| Tochter
|Plätterin
| daughter
|ironer
|-
|-
| Töchterchen
|Platz
| young daughter
|place (location)
|-
|-
| Töchterlein
|Pocken
| young daughter
|pox, smallpox
|-
|-
| Tochtermann
|Polen
| son-in-law
|Poland
|-
|-
| Tod
|polnisch
| death
|Polish
|-
|-
| Todesart
|Posamentierer
| manner of death
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|-
| Töpfer
|preußisch
| potter
|Prussia
|-
|-
| tot
|Priester
| dead
|priest
|-
|-
| Totengräber
|Prinz
| grave digger
|prince
|-
|-
| totgeboren
|Prinzessin
| stillborn
|princess
|-
|-
| Trauung
|protestantisch
| marriage
|Protestant
|-
|-
| Trennung
|Provinz
| separation, divorce
|province
|-
|-
| tschechisch
|provinzial
| Czech
|provincial
|-
| Tschechoslowakai
| Czechoslovakia
|-
| Tuberkulose
| tuberculosis
|-
| Tuchmacher
| cloth maker, draper
|-
| Tumor
| tumor
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== U  ====


über
===R===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| u.d. = und des, und der
|Räbbe
| and of
|rabies
|-
|-
| über
|Rabbiner
| about, concerning, over
|rabbi
|-
|-
| überleben
|Räcke
| survive
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|-
| Uhr
|Racker
| o’clock, clock, watch
|renderer
|-
|-
| um
|Rademacher, Radmacher
| at, about, around, concerning
|wheelwright
|-
|-
| unbekannt
|Radhauer
| unknown
|wheelwright
|-
|-
| und
|Rathaus
| and
|city hall
|-
|-
| und der
|Ratsherr
| and of
|alderman
|-
|-
| und des
|Ratsmann
| and of
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|-
| unehelich
|Rechnung
| illegitimate
|account; bill
|-
|-
| ungarisch
|rechtgläubig
| Hungarian
|orthodox
|-
|-
| Ungarn
|Rechtsanwalt
| Hungary
|lawyer
|-
|-
| ungefähr
|reformiert
| about, circa, approximately
|reformed
|-
|-
| uns
|Regierungsbezirk
| us
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|-
| unter
|Register
| under, lower
|register (a book or list)
|-
|-
| Unterleib
|Reich
| abdomen
|empire; kingdom
|-
|-
| Unterleibsentzündung
|Reifer
| abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|-
| Unterleibstyphus
|Reiter
| typhoid fever
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|-
| Unterleibsverhärtung
|relicta
| abdomenal hardening
|widow
|-
|-
| Unterrichter
|relictus
| judge
|widower
|-
|-
| Unterschrieben
|Religion
| signed
|religion
|-
|-
| Unterschrift
|ren. = renatus, renata
| signature
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Unterzeichnete
|Rentner
| the undersigned
|retired person
|-
|-
| unverheiratet
|Rheuma
| unmarried
|rheumatism
|-
|-
| Urenkelkind
|Richter
| great-grandchild
|judge
|-
|-
| Urgroßmutter
|Rodel
| great-grandmother
|register
|-
|-
| Urgroßvater
|Röseler
| great-grandfather
|whitewasher
|-
|-
| Urkunde
|Rössler
| record, document
|horseman; tanner
|-
|-
| Ururgroßmutter
|römisch katholisch
| great-great-grandmother
|Roman Catholic
|-
|-
| Ururgroßvater
|Röt
| great-great-grandfather
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|-
| ux. = uxor
|Rotgerber
| wife
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|Ruhestand
|retirement
|-
|Ruhr
|dysentery
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== V  ====
===S===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|S. = Seite
|page
|-
|-
| Vater
|s. = siehe
| father
|see the following reference
|-
|-
| verehelicht
|Sachsen
| married
|Saxony
|-
|-
| Verehelichung
|Sackhuhn
| marriage
|sailmaker
|-
|-
| vergangen
|Säger
| past
|sawyer
|-
|-
| vergraben
|Salbung
| buried
|anointing
|-
|-
| verh. = verheiratet
|Salzmesser
| married
|a salt weigher
|-
|-
| Verkäufer
|Salzvogt
| seller, vendor
|salt works overseer
|-
|-
| verl. = verlobt
|Samstag
| engaged
|Saturday
|-
|-
| verlebte
|Sarkhauer
| deceased
|stonemason
|-
|-
| verloben, sich
|Satertag
| to become engaged
|Saturday
|-
|-
| Verlobte
|Sattler
| fiancée
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|-
| Verlobter
|Schacherer
| fiancé
|peddler
|-
|-
| Verlobung
|Schäfer
| betrothal, engagement
|shepherd
|-
|-
| Vermieter
|Schaffer
| landlord, lessor
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|-
| Vermögen
|Schäf(f)ler
| estate, assets
|cooper
|-
|-
| Verpächter
|Schaffmann
| landlord, lessor
|worker
|-
|-
| verrichtet
|Schaffner
| performed
|conductor
|-
|-
| verschiedene
|Schalbelehnter,
| various
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|-
| versehen
|Schalck, Schall
| given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|servant
|-
|-
| Verstopfung
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
| constipation
|scarlet fever
|-
|-
| verstorben
|Schänker / Schenker
| deceased, defunct
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|-
| Verstorbene
|Scharnemann
| the deceased
|merchant in a market
|-
|-
| Verwaltung
|Scharrmacher
| administration
|wagon builder
|-
|-
| Verwandten
|Scharwerker
| relatives
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|-
| Verwandtschaft
|Schatter, Schattmann
| relationship
|tax assessor
|-
|-
| verwitwet
|Schatzmann
| widowed
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|-
| Verzeichnis
|Schatzmeister
| register, list, index
|treasurer
|-
|-
| Vetter
|Scheibenreisser
| male cousin
|glazier
|-
|-
| vid. = viduus, vidua
|Scheibler
| widower, widow
|salt carrier
|-
|-
| vielleicht
|Scheiding
| perhaps, maybe
|September
|-
|-
| vier
|Scheidler
| four
|knife-blade maker
|-
|-
| vierte
|Scheidung
| fourth
|divorce
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzigste
|Schein
| twenty-fourth
|certificate
|-
|-
| vierzehn
|Schenkungen
| fourteen
|donations
|-
|-
| vierzehnte
|Scherer
| fourteenth
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|-
| vierzig
|Schichtmeister
| forty
|mine paymaster
|-
|-
| vierzigste
|Schiffbauer
| fortieth
|shipbuilder
|-
|-
| Vogt
|Schiffer
| steward, overseer
|shipper; seaman
|-
|-
| Voigt
|Schiffmann
| steward, overseer
|sailor
|-
|-
| Volkszählung
|Schiffsmakler
| census
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|-
| volljährig
|Schilderer
| of age, of legal age
|sign painter
|-
|-
| vollzogen
|Schindeldecker
| performed
|roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|-
| von
|Schindelmacher
| of, from, by
|shingle maker
|-
|-
| vor
|Schinner
| before; ago
|renderer, skinner
|-
|-
| vorherig
|Schirmmacher
| previous, preceding
|umbrella maker
|-
|-
| vorheriger Tag
|Schirrmacher
| the previous day
|wagon maker
|-
|-
| vorläufig
|Schirrmeister
| for the time being
|master wagon maker
|-
|-
| vormals
|Schlachter, Schlächter
| formerly
|butcher
|-
|-
| Vormittags
|Schlachtmann
| in the morning
|butcher
|-
|-
| Vormund
|Schlachtwanter
| guardian
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|-
| Vorname
|Schlafbaas
| given name
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Vorstadt
|Schlaganfall
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|stroke, seizure
|}
|-
 
|Schlagfluß
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|stroke
 
|-
==== W  ====
|Schlieper
 
|knifemaker; cutler
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Schösser
| '''English'''
|tax collector
|-
|-
| Wagner
|Schotte
| cartwright
|peddler
|-
|-
| Waise
|Schottler
| orphan
|turner; key maker
|-
|-
| Wald
|Schottilier
| forest, woods
|turner; carpenter
|-
|-
| wann
|Schreiber
| when
|scribe, clerk
|-
|-
| Wappen
|Schreiner
| coat of arms
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|-
| Wappenkunde
|Schriftsetzer
| heraldry
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|-
| war
|Schroder, Schröder
| was
|tailor
|-
|-
| waren
|Schröer
| were
|tailor
|-
|-
| warum
|Schröter
| why
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|-
| was
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
| what
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Wassersucht
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
| dropsy, edema
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Weber
|Schuhmacher
| weaver
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
| Weduwe
|Schule
| widow
|school
|-
|-
| wegen
|Schullehrer
| because of
|schoolteacher
|-
|-
| Wehmutter
|Schultheiß, Schulze
| midwife
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|-
| Weib
|Schüssler
| wife, woman
|bowl maker
|-
|-
| weiblich
|Schuster
| female
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
| weil. = weiland
|Schutzmann
| deceased
|policeman
|-
|-
| weiland
|Schuwarte
| deceased
|shoemaker
|-
|-
| Weiland
|Schwäche
| the deceased
|weakness
|-
|-
| Weiler
|Schwager
| hamlet
|brother-in-law
|-
|-
| weiß
|Schwägerin
| white
|sister-in-law
|-
|-
| Weißgerber
|Schwaiger
| tanner
|shepherd
|-
|-
| welche
|schwanger
| which
|pregnant
|-
|-
| wer
|schwarz
| who
|black
|-
|-
| werden
|schwarzer Tod
| to become
|black death; plague
|-
|-
| West
|Schwarzgiesser
| west
|iron smelter
|-
|-
| weyland
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
| deceased
|pigherd
|-
|-
| wie
|Schweisser
| how
|welder
|-
|-
| Windpocken
|Schweiz
| chicken pox
|Switzerland
|-
|-
| Wintermonat
|Schweizer
| November
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|-
| Wirt
|Schwendimann
| innkeeper
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|-
| Wittib
|Schwerdtfeger
| widow
|armorer
|-
|-
| Wittiber
|Schwester
| widower
|sister
|-
|-
| Witwer
|Schwiegermutter
| widower
|mother-in-law
|-
|-
| wo
|Schwiegersohn
| where
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Woche
|Schwiegertochter
| week
|daughter-in-law
|-
|-
| Wochenbett
|Schwiegervater
| childbed
|father-in-law
|-
|-
| woher
|Schwindsucht
| from where
|consumption
|-
|-
| wohnen
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
| to live, residing
|son of
|-
|-
| Wohnort
|sechs
| place of residence
|six
|-
|-
| Wohnplatz
|sechste
| place of residence
|sixth
|-
|-
| Wohnung
|sechsundzwanzig
| domicile, residence
|twenty-six
|-
|-
| wollen
|sechsundzwanzigste
| to want
|twenty-sixth
|-
|-
| Wonnemonat
|sechzehnhundert
| May
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Wörterbuch
|sechzehn
| dictionary
|sixteen
|-
|-
| wurde geboren
|sechzehnte
| was born
|sixteenth
|-
|-
| wurde getauft
|sechzig
| was baptized
|sixty
|-
|-
| würdig
|sechzigste
| worthy
|sixtieth
|-
|-
| Wwe. = Witwe
|See
| widow
|lake
|-
|-
| Wwer. = Witwer
|Seelen
| widower
|souls
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== X  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Seelenregister
| '''English'''
|church membership list
|-
|-
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris
|Seelsorger
| December
|minister, chaplain
|}
|-
 
|Seemann
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
|sailor
 
|-
==== Z  ====
|Segner
 
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|Seitenstechen
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|Sibmacher
|sieve maker
|-
|sich
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|sie
|she, they
|-
|Sie
|you
|-
|sieben
|seven
|-
|siebente
|seventh
|-
|siebenundzwanzigste
|twenty-seventh
|-
|siebte
|seventh
|-
|siebzehn
|seventeen
|-
|siebzehnhundert
|seventeen hundred
|-
|siebzehnte
|seventeenth
|-
|siebzig
|seventy
|-
|siebzigste
|seventieth
|-
|Sieder
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|siehe
|see
|-
|Sigrist
|sexton
|-
|sind
|are
|-
|so
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|Sohn
|son
|-
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|young son
|-
|Soldat
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|sollen
|should
|-
|Sonnabend
|Saturday
|-
|Sonntag
|Sunday
|-
|spät
|late (p.m.)
|-
|Spengler
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|spur. = spurius, spuria
|illegitimate
|-
|Staat
|state
|-
|Staatsangehörigkeit
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|Staatsarchiv
|state archives
|-
|Stadt
|city
|-
|Stammbaum
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|Stand
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|Standesamt
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|starb
|died
|-
|Steinhauer
|stonecutter
|-
|Steinmetz
|stonemason
|-
|stellen
|place, put, impose
|-
|Stellmacher
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|Sterbefälle
|deaths
|-
|sterben
|to die
|-
|Steuer
|tax
|-
|Stickfluß
|asthma
|-
|Stiefbruder
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|Stiefkind
|stepchild
|-
|Stiefmutter
|stepmother
|-
|Stiefschwester
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|Stiefvater
|stepfather
|-
|Stillgeburt
|stillbirth
|-
|Straße
|street
|-
|Stunde
|hour
|-
|Sucht
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|Süden
|south
|-
|S.v. = Sohn von
|son of
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===T===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
|daughter of
|-
|T.v. = Tochter von
|daughter of
|-
|Tabelle
|index, table
|-
|Tag
|day
|-
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|-
|Tagner
|day laborer
|-
|Tal, Thal
|valley
|-
|Tante
|aunt
|-
|Tapazier
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|Tapeten
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|Tapezierer
|Upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfe
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfin
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapeziermeister
|Master upholsterer
|-
|Taufe
|baptism
|-
|taufen
|to baptize
|-
|Taufpaten
|godparents
|-
|Taufschein
|baptismal certificate
|-
|tausend
|thousand
|-
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|Testament
|will
|-
|Tischler
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|Tochter
|daughter
|-
|Töchterchen
|young daughter
|-
|Töchterlein
|young daughter
|-
|Tochtermann
|son-in-law
|-
|Tod
|death
|-
|Todesart
|manner of death
|-
|Töpfer
|potter
|-
|tot
|dead
|-
|Totengräber
|grave digger
|-
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
|stillborn
|-
|Trauung
|marriage
|-
|Trennung
|separation, divorce
|-
|tschechisch
|Czech
|-
|Tschechoslowakai
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|Tschismenmacher
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|Tuberkulose
|tuberculosis
|-
|Tuchbereiter
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|Tuchmacher
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|Tumor
|tumor
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===U===
 
über
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|u.d. = und des, und der
|and of
|-
|über
|about, concerning, over
|-
|überleben
|survive
|-
|Uhr
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|um
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|unbekannt
|unknown
|-
|und
|and
|-
|und der
|and of
|-
|und des
|and of
|-
|unehelich
|illegitimate
|-
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|-
|Ungarn
|Hungary
|-
|ungefähr
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|uns
|us
|-
|unter
|under, lower
|-
|Unterleib
|abdomen
|-
|Unterleibsentzündung
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|Unterleibstyphus
|typhoid fever
|-
|Unterleibsverhärtung
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|Unterrichter
|judge
|-
|Unterschrieben
|signed
|-
|Unterschrift
|signature
|-
|Unterzeichnete
|the undersigned
|-
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
|unmarried
|-
|unzeitiges Kind
|premature child
|-
|Urenkelkind
|great-grandchild
|-
|Urgroßmutter
|great-grandmother
|-
|Urgroßvater
|great-grandfather
|-
|Urkunde
|record, document
|-
|Ururgroßmutter
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|Ururgroßvater
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|ux. = uxor
|wife
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===V===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Vater
|father
|-
|verehelicht
|married
|-
|Verehelichung
|marriage
|-
|vergangen
|past
|-
|vergraben
|buried
|-
|verh. = verheiratet
|married
|-
|Verkäufer
|seller, vendor
|-
|verl. = verlobt
|engaged
|-
|verlebte
|deceased
|-
|verloben, sich
|to become engaged
|-
|Verlobte
|fiancée
|-
|Verlobter
|fiancé
|-
|Verlobung
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|Vermieter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|Vermögen
|estate, assets
|-
|Verpächter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|verrichtet
|performed
|-
|verschiedene
|various
|-
|versehen
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|Verstopfung
|constipation
|-
|verstorben
|deceased, defunct
|-
|Verstorbene
|the deceased
|-
|Verwaltung
|administration
|-
|Verwandten
|relatives
|-
|Verwandtschaft
|relationship
|-
|verwitwet
|widowed
|-
|Verzeichnis
|register, list, index
|-
|Vetter
|male cousin
|-
|vid. = viduus, vidua
|widower, widow
|-
|vielleicht
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|vier
|four
|-
|vierte
|fourth
|-
|vierundzwanzigste
|twenty-fourth
|-
|vierzehn
|fourteen
|-
|vierzehnte
|fourteenth
|-
|vierzig
|forty
|-
|vierzigste
|fortieth
|-
|Vogt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Voigt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Volkszählung
|census
|-
|volljährig
|of age, of legal age
|-
|vollzogen
|performed
|-
|von
|of, from, by
|-
|vor
|before; ago
|-
|vorgestern
|the day before yesterday
|-
|vorherig
|previous, preceding
|-
|vorheriger Tag
|the previous day
|-
|vorläufig
|for the time being
|-
|vormals
|formerly
|-
|Vormittags
|in the morning
|-
|Vormund
|guardian
|-
|Vorname
|given name
|-
|Vorstadt
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===W===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Wagner
|cartwright
|-
|Waise
|orphan
|-
|Wald
|forest, woods
|-
|wann
|when
|-
|Wappen
|coat of arms
|-
|Wappenkunde
|heraldry
|-
|war
|was
|-
|waren
|were
|-
|warum
|why
|-
|was
|what
|-
|Wassersucht
|dropsy, edema
|-
|Weber
|weaver
|-
|Weduwe
|widow
|-
|wegen
|because of
|-
|Wehmutter
|midwife
|-
|Weib
|wife, woman
|-
|weiblich
|female
|-
|weil. = weiland
|deceased
|-
|weiland
|deceased
|-
|Weiland
|the deceased
|-
|Weiler
|hamlet
|-
|weiß
|white
|-
|Weißgerber
|tanner
|-
|welche
|which
|-
|Weltpriester
|a secular priest
|-
|wer
|who
|-
|werden
|to become
|-
|West
|west
|-
|weyland
|deceased
|-
|wie
|how
|-
|Wiedertäufer
|Anabaptist
|-
|Windpocken
|chicken pox
|-
|Wintermonat
|November
|-
|Wirt
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|Wittib
|widow
|-
|Wittiber
|widower
|-
|Witwer
|widower
|-
|wo
|where
|-
|Woche
|week
|-
|Wochenbett
|childbed
|-
|Wöchnerin
|woman in childbed
|-
|woher
|from where
|-
|wohnen
|to live, residing
|-
|Wohnort
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnplatz
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnung
|domicile, residence
|-
|wollen
|to want
|-
|Wonnemonat
|May
|-
|Wörterbuch
|dictionary
|-
|wurde geboren
|was born
|-
|wurde getauft
|was baptized
|-
|würdig
|worthy
|-
|Wwe. = Witwe
|widow
|-
|Wwer. = Witwer
|widower
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===X===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Xber, Xbris
|December
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===Z===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|-
|-
| zählen
|zehn
| to count
|ten
|-
|-
| Zahnkrämpfe
|Zehnt(en)buch
| teething
|tithing book
|-
|-
| Zahnung
|zehnte
| teething
|tenth
|-
|-
| zehn
|Zehnten
| ten
|tithes
|-
|-
| Zehnt(en)buch
|zehrendes Fieber
| tithing book
|consumptive fever
|-
|-
| zehnte
|Zehrung
| tenth
|consumption
|-
|-
| Zehnten
|Zeit
| tithes
|time
|-
|-
| zehrendes Fieber
|Zentner
| consumptive fever
|hundredweight
|-
|-
| Zehrung
|Zeuge
| consuption
|witness
|-
|-
| Zeit
|Ziegler
| time
|brick maker
|-
|-
| Zeuge
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
| witness
|foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|-
| Ziegler
|Zimmermann
| brick maker
|Carpenter
|-
|-
| Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|Zivilstandsamt
| foster mother, son, daughter
|civil registrar's office
|-
|-
| Zimmermann
|Zöllner
| Carpenter
|publican, tax collector
|-
|-
| Zivilstandsamt
|zu Hause
| civil registrar's office
|at home
|-
|-
| Zöllner
|Zukunft
| publican, tax collector
|future
|-
|-
| zu Hause
|Zuname
| at home
|surname, last name
|-
|-
| Zukunft
|zusammen
| future
|together
|-
|-
| Zuname
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
| surname, last name
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|-
| zusammen
|Zuständigkeitsort
| together
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
| zwanzig  
|zwanzig
| twenty
|twenty
|-
|-
| zwanzigte  
|zwanzigte
| twentieth
|twentieth
|-
|-
| zwei  
|zwei
| two
|two
|-
|-
| zweihundert  
|zweihundert
| two hundred
|two hundred
|-
|-
| zwei tausend  
|zwei tausend
| two thousand
|two thousand
|-
|-
| zweite  
|zweite
| second
|second
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|zweiundzwanzigste
| twenty-second
|twenty-second
|-
|-
| Zwilling(e)  
|Zwilling(e)
| twin, twins
|twin, twins
|-
|-
| zwischen  
|zwischen
| between
|between
|-
|-
| zwölf  
|zwölf
| twelve
|twelve
|-
|-
| Zwölfer  
|Zwölfer
| member of a council
|member of a council
|-
|-
| zwölfte  
|zwölfte
| twelfth
|twelfth
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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