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This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
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==Introduction==


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


=== Language Characteristics  ===
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
==Language Characteristics==


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
 
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum. 


=== Diacritic Marks  ===
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  
==Diacritic Marks==
 
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.


{| border="1" width="100%"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
|-
|-
| Ä  
|Ä
| Alt + 0196
|Alt + 142
| ä  
|ä
| Alt + 0228
|Alt + 132
|-
|-
| Ö  
|Ö
| Alt + 0214
|Alt + 153
| ö  
|ö
| Alt + 0246
|Alt + 148
|-
|-
| Ü  
|Ü
| Alt + 0220
|Alt + 154
| ü  
|ü
| Alt + 0252
|Alt + 129
|-
|-
| ß  
|ß
| Alt + 0223
|Alt + 225
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
| Ÿ  
|Ÿ
| Alt + 0159
|Alt + 376
| ÿ  
|ÿ
| Alt + 0255
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


=== Alphabetical Order ===
==Alphabetical Order==


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


=== Spelling ===
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b  
*p used for b
*a used for e  
*a used for e
*t used for d or dt  
*t used for d or dt
*s used for z  
*s used for z
*ck used for k  
*ck used for k
*y used for i or j  
*y used for i or j
*v used for w or f  
*v used for w or f
*k used for g  
*k used for g
*tz used for z  
*tz used for z
*ig used for isch or ich  
*ig used for isch or ich
*t used for th  
*t used for th
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag  
*Freytag for Freitag
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und


=== Additional Resources ===
== Transcription ==
 
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages. The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
==Additional Resources==
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
Line 104: Line 141:
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).


'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:'''
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.


[https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Germany,_Saxony,_Freiberg_Funeral_Sermons_%28FamilySearch_Historical_Records%29 Germany, Saxony, Freiberg Funeral Sermons (FamilySearch Historical Records)]
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]


For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


 
==Key Words==
=== Key Words ===


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
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{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''English'''  
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| '''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| birth  
|birth
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
| burial  
|burial
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
| Catholic  
|Catholic
| katholisch
|katholisch
|-
|-
| child
|census
| Kind, Kinder
|Volkszählung
|-
|-
| christening
|child
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
| confirmations
|christening
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
| civil registry
|confirmations
| Standesamt
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
| death
|civil registry
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|Standesamt
|-
|-
| father
|death
| Vater
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
| husband
|father
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|Vater
|-
|-
| index
|husband
| Verzeichnis, Register
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
| Jewish
|index
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
| marriage banns
|Jewish
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
| marriage  
|marriage banns
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
| month
|marriage
| Monat
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
| mother
|month
| Mutter
|Monat
|-
|-
| name, given
|mother
| Vorname, Name
|Mutter
|-
|-
| name, surname
|name, given
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|Vorname, Name
|-
|-
| parents
|name, surname
| Eltern
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
| parish
|parents
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|Eltern
|-
|-
| Protestant
|parish
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
| Reformed
|Protestant
| reformiert
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
| wife
|Reformed
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|reformiert
|-
|-
| year  
|wife
| Jahr
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|year
|Jahr
|}
|}


=== Numbers  ===
==Dates/Time==


{| width="100%" border="1"
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:
 
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].
 
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.
 
===Months===
 
{|
|-
|'''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|January
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| width="15%" | '''Number'''
|February
| '''Cardinal'''
|Februar, Hornung
| '''Ordinal'''
|-
|-
| 1
|March
| eins
|März, Frühlingsmonat
| erste
|-
|-
| 2
|April
| zwei
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
| zweite
|-
|-
| 3
|May
| drei<br>dreÿ
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
| dritte
|-
|-
| 4
|June
| vier
|Juni, Brachmonat
| vierte
|-
|-
| 5
|July
| fünf
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
| fünfte
|-
|-
| 6
|August
| sechs
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
| sechste
|-
|-
| 7
|September
| sieben
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
| siebte
|-
|-
| 8
|October
| acht
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
| achte
|-
|-
| 9
|November
| neun
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
| neunte
|-
|-
| 10
|December
| zehn
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
| zehnte
|}
|}


=== General Word List  ===
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
===Days of the Week===


==== A  ====
{|
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|Sunday
| government office, official district
|  
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|Monday
| surface mine(s)
|  
|Montag
|-
|-
| Abt. = Abteilung
|Tuesday
| department
|  
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| a/d = an der, auf der
|Wednesday
| on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|  
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| A.G. = Amtsgericht
|Thursday
| lower court, county court
|  
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| Anh. = Anhalt
|Friday
| duchy
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| ab
|Saturday
| from, since
|  
|-
|Samstag, Sonnabend
| Abbauer
|}
| tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
 
|-
See also:
| Abdecker
 
| skinner
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
 
<br>
 
===Times of the Day===
 
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
 
{|
|'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Abend
|ein Uhr
| evening
|one (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Abendmahlgast
|zwei Uhr
| communicant
|two (o’clock)
|-
|-
| abends
|drei Uhr
| in the evening
|three (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Abenteurer
|halb eins
| jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|half one = 12:30
|-
|-
| aber
|halb zwei
| but
|half two = 1:30
|-
|-
| abgestorben
|halbe Stunde
| deceased
|half hour
|-
|-
| Ablader
|Stunde
| longshoreman
|hour
|-
|-
| Abnahmemann
|früh
| retired farmer on life estate
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| Abnehmer
|spät
| photographer
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| Abschiedsmann
|morgens
| man retired on life estate
|in the morning
|-
|-
| absterben
|vormittags
| to die, to die off
|in the forenoon
|-
|-
| Abstreifer
|mittags
| renderer; flayer
|at noon
|-
|-
| Abzehrung
|nachmittags
| emaciation, wasting
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| acht
|abends
| eight
|in the evening
|-
|-
| achte
|mitternachts
| eighth
|at midnight
|-
|-
| Achter
|Diesen tag
| juryman
|this (very) day, today
|-
|-
| achtundzwanzigste
|}
| twenty-eighth
 
===Symbols===
 
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].
 
<br>
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| achtzehn
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| eighteen
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
| achtzehnhundert
|1
| eighteen hundred
|one
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
| achtzehnte
|2
| eighteenth
|two
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
| achtzig
|3
| eighty
|three
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
| achtzigste
|4
| eightieth
|four
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
| Ackermann
|5
| farmer
|five
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
| Adel
|6
| gentry, nobleman
|six
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
| a.D. = außer Dienst
|7
| formerly employed, retired
|seven
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
| adoptiert
|8
| adopted
|eight
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
| Ahnen
|9
| ancestors
|nine
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
| Ahnentafel
|10
| pedigree chart
|ten
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
| Akten
|11
| documents
|eleven
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| alle
|12
| all
|twelve
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
| allhier
|13
| in this place
|thirteen
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
| alt
|14
| old
|fourteen
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
| Altbürger
|15
| full citizen
|fifteen
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
| Alter
|16
| age
|sixteen
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
| Altersschwäche
|17
| weakness of old age
|seventeen
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
| ältest
|18
| eldest
|eighteen
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
| alt-katholisch
|19
| old Catholic
|nineteen
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
| Amman
|20
| bailiff, magistrate
|twenty
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
| Amt
|21
| office, district
|twenty-one
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Anbauer
|22
| peasant
|twenty-two
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| andere
|23
| other, next
|twenty-three
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Angeber
|24
| informant
|twenty-four
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| angeblich
|25
| alleged, assumed
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Anhalt
|26
| duchy
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Anmerkungen
|27
| remarks
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Anspänner
|28
| farmer
|twenty-eight
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| apostolisch
|29
| Apostolic
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| April
|30
| April
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
| Arbeiter
|31
| laborer, worker
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| Archiv
|40
| archive
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
| arm
|50
| poor
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
| Armut
|60
| poverty
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
| Arzt
|70
| physician
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
| auch
|80
| also, too
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
| auf
|90
| on, upon, at
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
| aufbieten
|100
| post banns
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|101
| residence permit
|one hundred (and) one
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltsort
|102
| residence
|one hundred (and) two
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
| Aufgebot
|120
| publication of banns
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmebuch
|121
| book listing debts
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmeland
|122
| country to which one immigrated
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| August
|200
| August
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
| aus
|300
| from, out of
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
| außen
|1.000
| outside
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
| äußere
|1.001
| outside, outward, external
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
| außerehelich
|1.002
| illegitimate
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
| Auswanderer
|1.050
| emigrant
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
| Auswanderung
|1.100
| emigration
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
| Ausweis
|1.500<br>1500
| identification document
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Auszehrung
|1.600<br>1600
| consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Auszug
|1.700<br>1700
| extract
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|1.800<br>1800
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|1.865<br>1865
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|1.900<br>1900
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|2.000<br>2000
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|10.000
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|100.000
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|1.000.000
|one million
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|1.000.000.000
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==Types of Farmers==


==== B  ====
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Abbauer
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|Abnahmemann
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| B. = Bezirk
|Abschiedsmann
| district or area
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| BA. = Bezirksamt
|Achtelbauer
| district office
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Bay. = Bayern
|Achtelhüfner
| Bavaria
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Bd. = Band
|Achtermann
| volume
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
| Bhf. = Bahnhof
|Ackerbauer
| railroad station
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|Ackerbürger
| military district command
|farmer
|-
|-
| bz. = beziehungsweise
|Ackerer
| or, respectively
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bäcker
|Ackerknecht
| baker
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Bad
|Ackersmann
| spa, resort
|farmer
|-
|-
| Badeort
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| spa, health resort
|farmer
|-
|-
| Band
|Altbauer
| volume
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
| Baptist
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| Baptist
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Baron
|Altenteilerin
| baron
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|-
| Bauer
|Althufner, Althüfner
| farmer, peasant
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Bayern
|Altsitzer(in)
| Bavaria
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Beamter
|Amtsmeier
| official, registrar
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
| Beck(er)
|Anbauer
| baker
|small farmer
|-
|-
| beerdigt
|Anspänner
| buried
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
| Beerdigung
|Aröder
| burial, interment
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
| beglaubigt
|Artmann
| certified, attested
|farmer
|-
|-
| begraben
|Artmeier
| buried
|farmer
|-
|-
| Begräbnis
|Auenhäusler
| burial
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Beichte
|Ausdinger
| confession
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| beide
|Auszügler
| both
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Beilage
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| supplement
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
| Bekannte(r)
|Bauer
| acquaintance
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Bekehrung
|Bauernknecht
| conversion
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Belege
|Bauknecht
| proof, documentation
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Bemerkungen
|Baumann
| remarks
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
| Berg
|Beerbter
| hill, mountain
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
| Bergmann
|Behandinge
| miner
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|-
| Beruf
|Beibauer
| occupation, profession
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
| Beschreibung
|Beisasse
| description
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
| Besitzer
|Beiwohner
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
| bestätigt
|Beständer
| confirmed, verified
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
| bestattet
|Bestanderlasser
| buried
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
| bettlägerig
|Bestandwirt
| bedridden
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
| Bettler
|Bödener
| beggar
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Bevölkerungsregister
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| population register
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| bevorstehend
|Brinker
| previously mentioned
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Bezirk
|Brinkkötter
| district
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Biographie
|Brinklieger
| biography
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Bischof
|Brinkmann
| bishop
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Bistum
|Brinksitzer
| diocese
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
|-
|-
| Blattern
|Büdner
| smallpox
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
| blutend
|Buhmann, Bumann
| bleeding
|farmer
|-
|-
| Blütenmonat
|Buschpächter
| May
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
| Blutsverwandschaft
|Chalupner, Challupner
| blood relationship
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|-
|-
| Böhmen
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
| Bohemia
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Bootsmann
|Eigengärtner
| bargeman, boatman
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Böttcher
|Eigenkäthner
| cooper, barrel maker
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Brauer
|Eigenkötter
| brewer
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| Bräune
|Einlieger
| diptheria
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
| Braut
|Einspänner
| bride
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
| Bräutigam
|Erbbauer
| bridegroom
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
| Brücke
|Erbpächter
| bridge
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
| Bruder
|Exner
| brother
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Bub
|Feuerstättler
| boy
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
| Buch
|Freibauer
| book
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
| Büdner
|Freigärtner
| cottager
|free farmer
|-
|-
| Burg
|Fröhner
| castle, fortress
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
| Bürger
|Gärtner
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bürgerbuch
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| citizen register
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Bürgermeister
|Gesinde
| mayor
|male or female hired help on a farm
|-
|-
| Büttner
|Häker, Häcker
| barrel maker
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
|}
|-
 
|Halblechner, Halblehner
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
 
|-
==== C  ====
|Heuerling
 
|day laborer
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|Hofer
|farmer
|-
|Hofgänger
|farmhand
|-
|Hofmann
|farmer
|-
|Hofstädtler
|farmer
|-
|Hofwirth
|farmer
|-
|Hoppenplöcker
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|Hortulanus
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|Huber
|farmer
|-
|Hübler
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|Hüttler, Hitler
|cottager
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Inlieger
| '''English'''
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| ca. = circa
|Inste, Instmann
| about
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Chirug
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| surgeon
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
| Christmonat
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| December
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|-
|-
| Colonist
|Kampheuerling
| settler, tenant farmer
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
| Comparent
|Kirchdotale
| informant
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| copulieren
|Kitzmann
| to marry
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
| Cossate, Cossathe
|Knecht
| cottager
|farmhand
|-
|-
| cribrarius
|Kölmer
| sieve maker (Latin)
|farmer who is "half free"
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== D  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Köter, Kötter
| '''English'''
|cottager
|-
|-
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|Kolon
| the
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|-
|-
| D. = Dorf
|Kolonist
| village
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
| das. = daselbst
|Kolupner
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|-
|-
| Dachdecker
|Kossate, Kossäth
| roofer
|cottager
|-
|-
| dänisch
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| Danish
|cottager
|-
|-
| das
|Landmann
| the
|farmer
|-
|-
| daselbst
|Lehner
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
| Datum
|Magd
| date
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
| Dekanat
|Meyer
| deanery
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
| dem, den
|Ochsner
| the
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| der
|Ökonom
| the, of the
|farmer
|-
|-
| derselbe
|Pachtbauer
| the same
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
| des
|Päger
| of the
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
| deutsch
|Pfarrdotale
| German
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Deutschland
|Robotgärtner
| Germany
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
| Dezember
|Rössner
| December
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
| die
|Scharknecht
| the
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Diener
|Söldner
| servant
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
| Dienst
|Strassenkötter
| service, employment
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
| Dienstag
|Tagelöhner
| Tuesday
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Dienstmagd
|Tagner
| servant girl
|day laborer
|-
|-
| dieser
|Tauner, Thauner
| this, these
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Distrikt
|Viertelbauer
| district
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Domäne
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| domain
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Donnerstag
|Viertellehner
| Thursday
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Dorf
|Vollbauer
| village
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| dort
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| there
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
| drei
|Vollmaier
| three
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| dreißig
|Vollspänner
| thirty
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| dreißigste
|Weingärtner
| thirtieth
|wine grower
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzigste
|Weingartknecht
| twenty-third
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| dreizehn
|Weinzettel
| thirteen
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| dreizehnte
|Widumer
| thirteenth
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
| dritte
|Winzer
| third
|wine grower
|-
|-
| Duplikat
|Wirt, Wirth
| duplicate record
|farmer
|-
|-
| durch
|Zettelmann
| through
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Durchfall
|Zweispänner
| diarrhea
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.


==== E  ====
===A===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| E. = Einwohner
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| residents, population
|government office, official district
|-
|-
| Eis. = Eisenbahn
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| railroad, train
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
| Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| Evangelical (Lutheran)
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
| ebenda
|Abt. = Abteilung
| at the same place
|department
|-
|-
| Ehe
|a/d = an der, auf der
| marriage
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
| Ehebrecher
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| adulterer
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
| Ehebruch
|Anh. = Anhalt
| adultery
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Ehefrau
|ab
| wife, housewife
|from, since
|-
|-
| Ehehindernis
|Abbauer
| hinderance to marriage
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
| ehel. = ehelich
|Abdecker
| legitimate
|skinner
|-
|-
| eheleiblich
|Abend
| legitimate
|evening
|-
|-
| Eheleute
|Abendmahlgast
| married couple
|communicant
|-
|-
| ehelich
|abends
| legitimate
|in the evening
|-
|-
| ehemals
|Abenteurer
| formerly
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
| Ehemann
|aber
| husband
|but
|-
|-
| Ehepaar
|abgestorben
| married couple
|deceased
|-
|-
| Ehescheidung
|Ablader
| divorce
|longshoreman
|-
|-
| Eheschließung
|Abnahmemann
| marriage
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
| Ehestand
|Abnehmer
| married state
|photographer
|-
|-
| Eheverkündigungen
|Abschiedsmann
| marriage banns
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|absterben
| betrothal, engagement
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|Abstreifer
| son-in-law
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
| Eigentümer
|Abzehrung
| proprietor, property owner
|emaciation, wasting
|-
|-
| ein, eine
|acht
| a, one, an
|eight
|-
|-
| Einbürgerung
|achte
| naturalization
|eighth
|-
|-
| Einlieger
|Achter
| landless farm laborer
|juryman
|-
|-
| eins
|achtundzwanzigste
| one
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| Einsender
|achtzehn
| informant, declarant
|eighteen
|-
|-
| eintausendachthundert
|achtzehnhundert
| eighteen hundred
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| eintausendfünfhundert
|achtzehnte
| fifteen hundred
|eighteenth
|-
|-
| eintausendneunhundert
|achtzig
| nineteen hundred
|eighty
|-
|-
| eintausendsechshundert
|achtzigste
| sixteen hundred
|eightieth
|-
|-
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|Ackermann
| seventeen hundred
|farmer
|-
|-
| einunddreissig
|Adel
| thirty-one
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
| einunddreissigste
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| thirty-first
|formerly employed, retired
|-
|-
| einundzwanzigste
|adoptiert
| twenty-first
|adopted
|-
|-
| Einwanderer
|Ahnen
| immigrant
|ancestors
|-
|-
| Einwanderung
|Ahnentafel
| immigration
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
| Einwilligung
|Akten
| permission
|documents
|-
|-
| Einwohner
|alle
| inhabitant
|all
|-
|-
| einzige
|allhier
| only
|in this place
|-
|-
| Eisenbahn
|alt
| railroad
|old
|-
|-
| Eiterbeule
|Altbürger
| abscess
|full citizen
|-
|-
| elf
|Alter
| eleven
|age
|-
|-
| elfte
|Altersschwäche
| eleventh
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
| Eltern
|ältest
| parents
|eldest
|-
|-
| Enkel
|alt-katholisch
| grandson
|old Catholic
|-
|-
| Enkelin
|Amman
| granddaughter
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
| Enkelkind
|Amt
| grandchild
|office, district
|-
|-
| eod(em)
|Anbauer
| the same, ditto
|peasant
|-
|-
| Epilepsie
|andere
| epilepsy
|other, next
|-
|-
| er
|Angeber
| he
|informant
|-
|-
| Erben
|angeblich
| heirs
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
| Erbschaft
|angeheiratet
| inheritance
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
| erhalten
|Anhalt
| received, receive
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| erklärt
|Anmerkungen
| declared
|remarks
|-
|-
| Erlassung
|Ansiedler
| dispensation, permission
|settler
|-
|-
| Ermächtigung
|Anspänner
| authorization
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ernting
|Anzeigender
| August
|informant
|-
|-
| errechnet
|apostolisch
| approximated, calculated
|Apostolic
|-
|-
| erschien
|April
| appeared
|April
|-
|-
| erste
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| first
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
| erstgeboren
|Arbeitsbuch
| firstborn
|employment record book
|-
|-
| ertrank, ertrunken
|Archiv
| drowned
|archive
|-
|-
| erzeugen
|arm
| beget
|poor
|-
|-
| erzeugt
|Armut
| begat
|poverty
|-
|-
| es
|Arzt
| it
|physician
|-
|-
| et uxor
|auch
| and wife (Latin)
|also, too
|-
|-
| evangelisch
|auf
| evangelical
|on, upon, at
|}
|-
 
|aufbieten
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|post banns
 
==== F  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| '''English'''
|residence permit
|-
|-
| Fabrikant
|Aufenthaltsort
| manufacturer
|residence
|-
|-
| Familie
|Aufgebot
| family
|publication of banns
|-
|-
| Familienbuch
|Aufnahmebuch
| family register
|book listing debts
|-
|-
| Familienforschung
|Aufnahmeland
| genealogical research
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
| Familienregister
|August
| family register
|August
|-
|-
| Färber
|aus
| dyer
|from, out of
|-
|-
| Faßbinder
|außen
| cooper, barrel maker
|outside
|-
|-
| Fäule
|äußere
| cancer
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
| Fayencenhändler
|außerehelich
| porcelain merchant
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Februar
|Auswanderer
| February
|emigrant
|-
|-
| Fehlgeburt
|Auswanderung
| miscarriage
|emigration
|-
|-
| Festtag
|Ausweis
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|identification document
|-
|-
| Festung
|Auszehrung
| fortress
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
| Fieber
|Auszug
| fever
|extract
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Findling
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| foundling
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Firmung
|B. = Bezirk
| confirmation
|district or area
|-
|-
| Fischer
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| fisher
|district office
|-
|-
| Fl. = Florin
|Bay. = Bayern
| standard monetary unit
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Flecken
|Bd. = Band
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|volume
|-
|-
| Fleckfieber
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| spotted fever, typhus
|railroad station
|-
|-
| Fleischer
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| butcher
|military district command
|-
|-
| Fleischhauer
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| butcher
|or, respectively
|-
|-
| Flüchtling
|Bäcker
| refugee, deserter
|baker
|-
|-
| Fluß
|Bad
| river
|spa, resort
|-
|-
| folgende
|Badeort
| following, next
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
| Forst
|Bader
| forest
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
| Förster
|Band
| forester
|volume
|-
|-
| Fourier
|Baptist
| quartermaster
|Baptist
|-
|-
| Fraisen
|Baron
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|baron
|-
|-
| Frankreich
|Bauer
| France
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
| Frau
|Bayern
| Mrs., wife, woman
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Fräulein
|Beamter
| Miss, unmarried woman
|official, registrar
|-
|-
| Freibauer
|Beck(er)
| farmer who owns his own land
|baker
|-
|-
| Freiherr
|beerdigt
| baron
|buried
|-
|-
| Freitag
|Beerdigung
| Friday
|burial, interment
|-
|-
| fremd
|beglaubigt
| foreign, strange
|certified, attested
|-
|-
| Freund
|begraben
| friend
|buried
|-
|-
| Friedhof
|Begräbnis
| cemetery
|burial
|-
|-
| früh
|bei
| early (a.m.)
|at, in, by
|-
|-
| früher
| former, formerly
|-
|-
| fünf
|Beichte
| five
|confession
|-
|-
| fifth
|beide
|both
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzigste
|Beilage
| twenty-fifth
|supplement
|-
|-
| fünfzehn
|Bekannte(r)
| fifteen
|acquaintance
|-
|-
| fünfzehnhundert
|Bekehrung
| fifteen hundred
|conversion
|-
|-
| fünfzehnte
|Beklagter(in)
| fifteenth
|defendant
|-
|-
| fünfzig
|Belege
| fifty
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
| fünfzigste
|Bemerkungen
| fiftieth
|remarks
|-
|-
| für
|Berg
| for
|hill, mountain
|-
|-
| Fürst
|Bergmann
| prince, count
|miner
|-
|-
| Fürstentum
|Beruf
| principality
|occupation, profession
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== G  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Beschreibung
| '''English'''
|description
|-
|-
| G. = Gericht
|Besitzer
| court
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
| geb. = geboren
|Bestandmüller
| born, maiden name
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| Gem. = Gemeinde
|bestätigt
| community, municipality, parish, town
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
| gest. = gestorben
|bestattet
| died
|buried
|-
|-
| get. = getauft
|bettlägerig
| baptized, christened
|bedridden
|-
|-
| Gr. = Groß
|Bettler
| Great (part of place name)
|beggar
|-
|-
| Gärtner
|Bevölkerungsregister
| gardener
|population register
|-
|-
| Gastwirt
|bevorstehend
| innkeeper
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
| Gatte
|Bezirk
| husband
|district
|-
|-
| Gattin
|Biographie
| wife
|biography
|-
|-
| geben, gab
|Bischof
| given, gave
|bishop
|-
|-
| Gebiet
|Bistum
| region, area, zone
|diocese
|-
|-
| geboren
|Blattern
| born, maiden name
|smallpox
|-
|-
| Gebühren
|blutend
| fees
|bleeding
|-
|-
| Geburt
|Blütenmonat
| birth
|May
|-
|-
| Geburtsort
|Blutsverwandschaft
| place of birth
|blood relationship
|-
|-
| Geburtsschein
|Böhmen
| birth certificate
|Bohemia
|-
|-
| Geburtsurkunde
|Bootsmann
| birth certificate
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
| gegen
|Böttcher
| against, towards
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| geheiratet
|Brauer
| married
|brewer
|-
|-
| gehört
|Bräune
| belongs (to)
|diphtheria
|-
|-
| Geistliche(r)
|Braut
| clergyman
|bride
|-
|-
| Gelbsucht
|Bräutigam
| jaundice
|bridegroom
|-
|-
| Geld
|Brücke
| money
|bridge
|-
|-
| Gemahl(in)
|Bruder
| spouse, husband, wife
|brother
|-
|-
| Gemeinde
|Bub
| community, municipality, parish, town
|boy
|-
|-
| Gemeindemann
|Buch
| village official, village resident
|book
|-
|-
| Gemeindsmann
|Büdner
| citizen with full rights
|cottager
|-
|-
| gemelli
|Burg
| twins
|castle, fortress
|-
|-
| genannt
|Bürger
| named, alias, called
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
| Genealogie
|Bürgerbuch
| genealogy
|citizen register
|-
|-
| Gerber
|Bürgermeister
| tanner
|mayor
|-
|-
| Gericht
|Büroangestellte
| court
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
| Gerichtsmann
|Bursch, Pursch
| juryman
|young man
|-
|-
| Gerichtsschreiber
|Büttner
| court clerk
|barrel maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Gerichtsverwandter
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| member of the judicial court
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| gesagt
|ca. = circa
| said, stated
|about
|-
|-
| Geschichte
|Chirug
| history
|surgeon
|-
|-
| geschieden
|Christmonat
| divorced
|December
|-
|-
| Geschlecht
|Colonist
| gender, sex, lineage
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Geschlechterbücher
|Comparent
| lineage books
|informant
|-
|-
| Geschlechtsname
|copulieren
| surname
|to marry
|-
|-
| Geschwister
|Cossate, Cossathe
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|cottager
|-
|-
| Geschwulst
|cribrarius
| swelling, tumor
|sieve maker (Latin)
|-
|}
| Geselle
 
| journeyman
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|-
 
| Gesellschaft
===D===
| society, group
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|the
|-
|D. = Dorf
|village
|-
|das. = daselbst
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|Dachdecker
|roofer
|-
|dahier
|here
|-
|-
| Gesetz
|dänisch
| law
|Danish
|-
|-
| gesetzlich
|das
| legal
|the
|-
|-
| gestern
|daselbst
| yesterday
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| gestorben
|Datum
| died
|date
|-
|-
| Getaufte
|Dekanat
| person who was baptized
|deanery
|-
|-
| getr. = getraut
|dem, den
| married
|the
|-
|-
| Getraute
|der
| married couple
|the, of the
|-
|-
| Gevatter
|derselbe
| godfather
|the same
|-
|-
| Gewerbe
|des
| trade, occupation
|of the
|-
|-
| Gicht
|deutsch
| gout, arthritis
|German
|-
|-
| Gilde
|Deutschland
| guild
|Germany
|-
|-
| Glaube
|Dezember
| belief, faith
|December
|-
|-
| Glauben
|die
| religious affiliation
|the
|-
|-
| gleich
|Diener
| same, alike, similar, right away
|servant
|-
|-
| Graf
|Dienst
| count (nobleman), earl
|service, employment
|-
|-
| Grafschaft
|Dienstag
| county
|Tuesday
|-
|-
| Grenze
|Dienstbotin
| border
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
| groß
|Dienstmagd
| big, great, large
|servant girl
|-
|-
| Großeltern
|dieser
| grandparents
|this, these
|-
|-
| großjährig
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| of age
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
| Großmutter
|Dispensation(en)
| grandmother
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
| Großneffe
|Distrikt
| great-nephew
|district
|-
|-
| Großnichte
|Domäne
| great-niece
|domain
|-
|-
| Großvater
|Dominikalist
| grandfather
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
| Grundbuch
|Donnerstag
| land register
|Thursday
|-
|-
| Gulden
|Dorf
| standard monetary unit, florin
|village
|-
|-
| Gürtler
|dort
| maker of straps and belts
|there
|-
|-
| Gut
|drei
| property, estate
|three
|-
|-
| gut
|dreißig
| good
|thirty
|-
|dreißigste
|thirtieth
|-
|dreiundzwanzigste
|twenty-third
|-
|dreizehn
|thirteen
|-
|dreizehnte
|thirteenth
|-
|dritte
|third
|-
|Duplikat
|duplicate record
|-
|durch
|through
|-
|Durchfall
|diarrhea
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== H  ====
===E===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Hann. = Hannover
|E. = Einwohner
| Hannover
|residents, population
|-
|-
| Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|ehrngeachte
| manor, estate, domain
|honorable
|-
|-
| Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|einkindschaften
| Prussian province
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
| hzl. = herzoglich
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| of the duke
|railroad, train
|-
|-
| Hzt. = Herzogtum
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| duchy
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
| haben
|ebenda
| to have
|at the same place
|-
|-
| halb
|Ehe
| half
|marriage
|-
|-
| halb drei
|Ehebrecher
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|adulterer
|-
|-
| halb eins
|Ehebruch
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|adultery
|-
|-
| halb zwei
|Ehefrau
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
| Halbbauer
|Ehehindernis
| small farmer
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
| Halbmeier
|ehel. = ehelich
| small farmer
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Händler
|eheleiblich
| trader, merchant, peddler
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Hartung
|Eheleute
| January
|married couple
|-
|-
| Haupt-
|ehelich
| chief, main
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Haus
|ehemals
| house
|formerly
|-
|-
| Hausfrau
|Ehemann
| housewife
|husband
|-
|-
| Häusler
|Ehepaar
| cottager
|married couple
|-
|-
| Hausmädchen
|Ehescheidung
| housemaid
|divorce
|-
|-
| Hebamme
|Eheschließung
| midwife
|marriage
|-
|-
| Heilquelle
|Ehestand
| spa, bath
|married state
|-
|-
| Heimat
|Eheverkündigungen
| home, native place, homeland
|marriage banns
|-
|-
| Heimatschein
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
| domicile or residency certificate
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| Heimatsort
|Eidam (Eidmann)
| place of birth, home town
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Heirat
|Eigentümer
| marriage
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
| heiraten
|ein, eine
| to marry
|a, one, an
|-
|-
| Heiratsantrag
|Einbürgerung
| marriage intentions
|naturalization
|-
|-
| Heiratsbelege
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| marriage supplements
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Heiratskontrakt
|Einlieger
| marriage contracts
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
| Heiratsprotokolle
|eins
| marriage records
|one
|-
|-
| Heiratsschein
|Einsender
| marriage certificate
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
| heißt
|eintausendachthundert
| is named
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| Hektar
|eintausendfünfhundert
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Heraldik
|eintausendneunhundert
| heraldry
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| Herkunftsort
|eintausendsechshundert
| place of origin
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Herr
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| Mister, Lord, lord
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Herrschaft
|einunddreissig
| estate, dominion
|thirty-one
|-
|-
| Herzog
|einunddreissigste
| duke
|thirty-first
|-
|-
| Herzogtum
|einundzwanzigste
| duchy
|twenty-first
|-
|-
| Hessische
|Einwanderer
| Hessian
|immigrant
|-
|-
| Heuerling
|Einwanderung
| dayworker, hireling
|immigration
|-
|-
| Heuert, Heumonat
|einwilligend
| July
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
| heute
|Einwilligung
| today
|permission
|-
|-
| hier
|Einwohner
| here
|inhabitant
|-
|-
| hiesiger Ort
|einzige
| this place
|only
|-
|-
| Hinterbliebene
|Eisenbahn
| survivors
|railroad
|-
|-
| hinterlassen
|Eiterbeule
| surviving, left behind
|abscess
|-
|-
| Hirt
|elf
| herdsman
|eleven
|-
|-
| hitziges Fieber
|elfte
| burning fever, high fever
|eleventh
|-
|-
| hoch
|Eltern
| high
|parents
|-
|-
| Hochzeit
|Enkel
| wedding
|grandson
|-
|-
| Hof
|Enkelin
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|granddaughter
|-
|-
| Hofprediger
|Enkelkind
| chaplain
|grandchild
|-
|-
| Holländer
|eod(em)
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
| Hornung
|Epilepsie
| February
|epilepsy
|-
|-
| Hüfner
|er
| farmer
|he
|-
|-
| Hufschmied
|Erben
| blacksmith
|heirs
|-
|-
| Hügel
|Erbschaft
| hill
|inheritance
|-
|-
| hundert
|erhalten
| hundred
|received, receive
|-
|-
| Hurenkind
|erklärt
| illegitimate child
|declared
|-
|-
| Husten
|Erlassung
| cough
|dispensation, permission
|}
|-
 
|Ermächtigung
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|authorization
 
==== I  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Ernting
| '''English'''
|August
|-
|-
| ihr, ihr-
|errechnet
| their, her
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
| im
|erschien
| in the
|appeared
|-
|-
| immer
|erste
| always
|first
|-
|-
| in
|erstgeboren
| in, at
|firstborn
|-
|-
| Inhalt
|Erstkommunikant
| content(s)
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
| innerhalb
|ertrank, ertrunken
| inside of
|drowned
|-
|-
| Innung
|erzeugen
| guild
|beget
|-
|-
| Instmann
|erzeugt
| tenant farmer
|begat
|-
|-
| ist
|es
| is
|it
|-
|et uxor
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|evangelisch
|evangelical
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== J  ====
===F===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Jäger
|Fabrikant
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|manufacturer
|-
|-
| Jahr
|Fabrikarbeiter
| year
|factory worker
|-
|-
| Jahrestag
|Fallkind
| anniversary
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
| Jahreszeit
|Familiant
| season
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
| Jahrhundert
|Familie
| century
|family
|-
|-
| jährlich
|Familienbuch
| annual, yearly
|family register
|-
|-
| Jahrzehnt
|Familienforschung
| decade
|genealogical research
|-
|-
| Jänner
|Familienregister
| January
|family register
|-
|-
| Januar
|Färber
| January
|dyer
|-
|-
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|Faßbinder
| each, every
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Fäule
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|cancer
|-
|-
| jüdisch
|Fayencenhändler
| Jewish
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
| Jugend
|Februar
| youth, adolescence
|February
|-
|-
| Juli
|Fehlgeburt
| July
|miscarriage
|-
|-
| Julmonat
|Festtag
| December
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| jung
|Festung
| young
|fortress
|-
|-
| Junge
|Fieber
| a youth (male)
|fever
|-
|-
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Findling
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|foundling
|-
|-
| Junggeselle
|Firmung
| bachelor
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Jüngling
|Fischer
| bachelor, young man
|fisher
|-
|-
| Juni
|Fl. = Florin
| June
|standard monetary unit
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== K  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Flecken
| '''English'''
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Fleckfieber
| royal imperial
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
| Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|Fleischer
| A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|butcher
|-
|-
| Kammerfrau
|Fleischhauer
| lady-in-waiting
|butcher
|-
|-
| Kantor
|Flüchtling
| choirmaster, organist
|refugee, deserter
|-
|-
| Karpe
|Fluß
| carpenter
|river
|-
|-
| Karte
|folgende
| map
|following, next
|-
|-
| Karrer
|Forst
| carter
|forest
|-
|-
| Kartei
|Förster
| card index
|forester
|-
|-
| Käthner, Kätner
|Fourier
| cottager
|quartermaster
|-
|-
| katholisch
|Fraisen
| Catholic
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
| kaufen
|Frankreich
| to buy
|France
|-
|-
| Kaufmann
|Frau
| merchant
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
| kein
|Fräulein
| no, not any, none
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Keller
|Freibauer
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
| Kellner
|Freiherr
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|baron
|-
|-
| Kessler
|Freitag
| kettlemaker
|Friday
|-
|-
| Keuchhusten
|fremd
| whooping cough
|foreign, strange
|-
|-
| Kiefer
|Freund
| cooper, barrel maker
|friend
|-
|-
| Kind
|Friedhof
| baby
|cemetery
|-
|-
| Kindbettfieber
|Friesel
| childbed fever
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
| Kinder
|Friseur
| children
|hairdresser
|-
|-
| Kirche
|früh
| church
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| Kirchenältester
|früher
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|former, formerly
|-
|-
| Kirchenbuch
|Frühgeburt
| parish register
|premature birth
|-
|-
| Kirchengemeinde
|Frühkind
| parish
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
| Kirchenpfleger
|fünf
| churchwarden
|five
|-
|-
| Kirchenrodel
|Fuhrmann
| parish register
|wagoner
|-
|-
| Kirchensprengel
|fünfte
| parish
|fifth
|-
|-
| Kirchenvorsteher
|fünfundzwanzigste
| churchwarden
|twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| kirchlich
|fünfzehn
| pertaining to church
|fifteen
|-
|-
| Kirchrat
|fünfzehnhundert
| member of a church council
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Kirchspiel
|fünfzehnte
| parish
|fifteenth
|-
|-
| klein
|fünfzig
| little
|fifty
|-
|-
| Knabe
|fünfzigste
| boy
|fiftieth
|-
|-
| Knecht
|für
| servant
|for
|-
|-
| Kolonist
|Fürst
| settler, colonist, farmer
|prince, count
|-
|-
| Kommunikant
|Fürstentum
| communicant
|principality
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===G===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Kommunion
|G. = Gericht
| communion
|court
|-
|-
| Konfirmation
|geb. = geboren
| confirmation
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| König
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| king
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| königlich
|gest. = gestorben
| royal
|died
|-
|-
| Königreich
|get. = getauft
| kingdom
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Kopulation
|gez. = gezeichnet
| marriage
|signed
|-
|-
| kopulieren
|Gr. = Groß
| to marry
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
| Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|Gärtner
| cottager
|gardener
|-
|-
| Kossattin
|Gastwirt
| female cottager
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Kötter, Kötner
|Gatte
| small farmer, cottager
|husband
|-
|-
| Krämer
|Gattin
| grocer, small retailer
|wife
|-
|-
| Krämpfe
|geben, gab
| cramps,, convulsions
|given, gave
|-
|-
| Krankheit
|Gebiet
| disease, sickness
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
| Krebs
|geboren
| cancer
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Kreis
|Gebühren
| county
|fees
|-
|-
| Krieg
|Geburt
| war
|birth
|-
|-
| Kröger, Krogmann
|Geburtsort
| innkeeper
|place of birth
|-
|-
| Küfer
|Geburtsschein
| cooper, barrel maker
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Kuhhirte
|Geburtsurkunde
| cowherd
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| Kupferschmied
|gegen
| coppersmith
|against, towards
|-
|-
| Kurort
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| spa
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
| Kusine
|gegenwärtig
| female cousin
|currently
|-
|-
| Kutscher
|geheiratet
| coachman
|married
|}
|-
 
|gehört
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|belongs (to)
 
|-
==== L  ====
|Geistliche(r)
 
|clergyman
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Gelbsucht
| '''English'''
|jaundice
|-
|-
| Land
|Geld
| land, country
|money
|-
|-
| Landarbeiter
|Gemahl(in)
| farmhand
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| Landkarte
|Gemeinde
| map
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Landwirt
|Gemeindemann
| farmer
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
| lassen
|Gemeindsmann
| to let, leave, allow
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
| lebendig
|gemelli
| living
|twins
|-
|-
| ledig
|genannt
| single, unmarried
|named, alias, called
|-
|-
| legitimiert
|Genealogie
| made legitimate, legitimized
|genealogy
|-
|-
| Lehrer
|genesen
| teacher
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
| Lehrling
|Gerber
| apprentice
|tanner
|-
|-
| Leiche
|Gericht
| corpse, body
|court
|-
|-
| Leichenpredigt
|Gerichtsmann
| funeral sermon
|juryman
|-
|-
| Leinenweber
|Gerichtsschöffe
| linen weaver
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Lenz
|Gerichtsschöppe
| spring (season)
|member of the court
|-
|-
| letzte Ölung
|Gerichtsschreiber
| last rites, extreme unction
|court clerk
|-
|-
| letzte Salbung
|Gerichtsverwandter
| last rites, extreme unction
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
| Letzter
|gesagt
| latter, last
|said, stated
|-
|-
| letzter Wille
|Geschichte
| last will
|history
|-
|-
| links
|geschieden
| left
|divorced
|-
|-
| Lungenentzündung
|Geschlecht
| pneumonia
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
| Lungenschwindsucht
|Geschlechterbücher
| consumption, tuberculosis
|lineage books
|-
|-
| lutherisch
|Geschlechtsname
| Lutheran
|surname
|}
|-
 
|Geschwister
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|siblings, brothers and sisters
 
|-
==== M  ====
|Geschwisterkind
 
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|Geschwulst
|swelling, tumor
|-
|Geselle
|journeyman
|-
|Gesellschaft
|society, group
|-
|Gesetz
|law
|-
|gesetzlich
|legal
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|gestern
| '''English'''
|yesterday
|-
|-
| Mädchen
|gestorben
| girl
|died
|-
|-
| Mädel
|Getaufte
| girl
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
| Magd
|getr. = getraut
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|married
|-
|-
| Mägdlein
|Getraute
| girl, little girl
|married couple
|-
|-
| Mai
|Gevatter
| May
|godfather
|-
|-
| Maler
|Gewerbe
| painter
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
| Mann
|gewerblos
| husband, man
|without occupation
|-
|-
| männlich
|Gicht
| male
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
| Markt
|Gilde
| market
|guild
|-
|-
| März
|Glaser
| March
|glazier
|-
|-
| Masern
|Glasermeister
| measles
|master glazier
|-
|-
| Matrikel
|Glaube
| register
|belief, faith
|-
|-
| Maurer
|Glauben
| mason
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
| Meister, -meister
|gleich
| master
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
| Mennoniten
|Gode
| Mennonites
|godmother
|-
|-
| Metzger
|Graf
| butcher
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
| Militär
|Grafschaft
| military
|county
|-
|-
| minderjährig
|Grenze
| underaged, minor
|border
|-
|-
| mit
|groß
| with, via, by
|big, great, large
|-
|-
| Mitglied
|Großeltern
| member
|grandparents
|-
|-
| Mittag
|großjährig
| midday
|of age
|-
|-
| mittags
|Großmutter
| at noon
|grandmother
|-
|-
| Mitternacht
|Großneffe
| midnight
|great-nephew
|-
|-
| Mittwoch
|Großnichte
| Wednesday
|great-niece
|-
|-
| Monat
|Großvater
| month
|grandfather
|-
|-
| Montag
|Grundbuch
| Monday
|land register
|-
|-
| Morgen
|Gulden
| morning, tomorrow
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
| Morgen (morgen)
|Gürtler
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
| morgens
|Gut
| in the morning
|property, estate
|-
|-
| Mühle
|gut
| mill
|good
|-
|-
| mündlich
|Gutsbesitzer
| verbal, verbally
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
| Mutter
|Gutsverwalter
| Mother
|Estate Manager
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== N  ====
===H===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|Handzeichen
| name not known
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
| nach
|Hann. = Hannover
| to, after, according to
|Hanover
|-
|-
| Nachbar
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| neighbor
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
| Nachbarschaft
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| neighborhood
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| nachgelassen
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| surviving
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
| Nachlaß
|hzl. = herzoglich
| estate, inheritance
|of the duke
|-
|-
| Nachmittag
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| afternoon
|duchy
|-
|-
| nachmittags
|haben
| in the afternoon
|to have
|-
|-
| nächst(e)
|halb
| next
|half
|-
|-
| Nacht
|halb drei
| night
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Näherin
|halb eins
| seamstress
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Name
|halb zwei
| name
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
| nat. = natus, nata
|Halbbauer
| born
|small farmer
|-
|-
| natus, nata
|Halbmeier
| born
|small farmer
|-
|-
| neben
|Halbzeugmacher
| next to
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
| Nebenfrau
|Hartung
| concubine
|January
|-
|-
| Neffe
|Händler
| nephew
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
| Nervenfieber
|Haupt-
| nervous fever
|chief, main
|-
|-
| neu
|Haus
| new
|house
|-
|-
| neun
|Hausfrau
| nine
|housewife
|-
|-
| neunte
|Häusler
| ninth
|cottager
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzigte
|Hausmädchen
| twenty-ninth
|housemaid
|-
|-
| neunzehn
|Hebamme
| nineteen
|midwife
|-
|-
| neunzehnhundert
|Heilquelle
| nineteen hundred
|spa, bath
|-
|-
| neunzehnte
|Heimat
| nineteenth
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
| neunzig
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| ninety
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
| neunzigste
|Heimatsort
| ninetieth
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
| Nicht
|Heirat
| not
|marriage
|-
|-
| Nichte
|heiraten
| niece
|to marry
|-
|-
| nichts
|Heiratsantrag
| nothing
|marriage intentions
|-
|-
| nie
|Heiratsbelege
| never
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
| nieder
|Heiratskontrakt
| lower
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
| niederländisch
|Heiratsprotokolle
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|marriage records
|-
|-
| noch
|Heiratsschein
| still
|marriage certificate
|-
|-
| noch lebende
|heißt
| still living
|is named
|-
|-
| noch nicht
|Hektar
| not yet
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
| Nord
|Helfer
| north
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
| Notizen
|Heraldik
| notices, miscellaneous records
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Nottaufe
|Herkunftsort
| emergency baptism
|place of origin
|-
|-
| November
|Herr
| November
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
| Nummer
|Herrschaft
| number
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
| nur
|herrschaftlich
| only
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== O  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Herzog
| '''English'''
|duke
|-
|-
| O.A. = Oberamt
|Herzogtum
| governing district office
|duchy
|-
|-
| ober
|Hessische
| upper, over
|Hessian
|-
|-
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|Heuerling
| chief, head; upper, over
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
| Oberamt
|Heuert, Heumonat
| governing district office
|July
|-
|-
| oder
|heute
| or
|today
|-
|-
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|hier
| make known publicly
|here
|-
|-
| oft
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| often
|local
|-
|-
| Oheim
|hiesiger Ort
| uncle
|this place
|-
|-
| ohne
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| without
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
| Oktober
|Hinterbliebene
| October
|survivors
|-
|-
| Onkel
|hinterlassen
| uncle
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
| Ort
|Hirt
| place, town
|herdsman
|-
|-
| Ortslexikon
|hitziges Fieber
| gazetteer
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
| Osten
|hoch
| east
|high
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Hochzeit
| Easter (could be March or April)
|wedding
|-
|-
| Ostermonat
|Hof
| April
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Hofprediger
| Easter
|chaplain
|-
|-
| Österreich
|Holländer
| Austria
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
| österreichisch
|Hollandgänger
| Austrian
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== P  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Hornung
| '''English'''
|February
|-
|-
| Pächter
|Hüfner
| leaseholder
|farmer
|-
|-
| Pate
|Hufschmied
| godfather
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|-
| Paten
|Hügel
| godparents
|hill
|-
|-
| Pest
|hundert
| plague
|hundred
|-
|-
| Pfalz
|Hurenkind
| Palatinate
|illegitimate child
|-
|-
| Pfarramt
|Husten
| parish office
|cough
|-
|}
| Pfarrbuch
 
| parish register
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|-
 
| Pfarrei
===I===
| parish
 
|-
{| width="100%" border="1"
| Pfarrer
| parish minister, pastor
|-
| Pfingsten
| Pentecost
|-
| Pflegekind
| foster child
|-
| Pflegesohn
| foster son
|-
|-
| Pflegetochter
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| foster daughter
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Platz
|ihr, ihr-
| place (location)
|their, her
|-
|-
| Pocken
|im
| pox, smallpox
|in the
|-
|-
| Polen
|im Leben
| Poland
|in life, while living
|-
|-
| polnisch
|immer
| Polish
|always
|-
|-
| Posamentierer
|in
| A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|in, at
|-
|-
| preußisch
|Inhalt
| Prussia
|content(s)
|-
|-
| Priester
|innerhalb
| priest
|inside of
|-
|-
| Prinz
|Innung
| prince
|guild
|-
|-
| Prinzessin
|Inspektor
| princess
|inspector
|-
|-
| protestantisch
|Instmann
| Protestant
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Provinz
|ist
| province
|is
|-
|-
| provinzial
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
| provincial
|now
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== R  ====
===J===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Räbbe
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
| rabies
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|-
| Räcke
|Jäger
| stiffness of the limbs
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|-
| Racker
|Jahr
| renderer
|year
|-
|-
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|Jahrestag
| wheelwright
|anniversary
|-
|-
| Radhauer
|Jahreszeit
| wheelwright
|season
|-
|-
| Rathaus
|Jahrhundert
| city hall
|century
|-
|-
| Ratsherr
|jährlich
| alderman
|annual, yearly
|-
|-
| Ratsmann
|Jahrzehnt
| councilman; town councilor
|decade
|-
|-
| Rechnung
|Jänner
| account; bill
|January
|-
|-
| rechtgläubig
|Januar
| orthodox
|January
|-
|-
| Rechsanwalt
|jeder (jede, jedes)
| lawyer
|each, every
|-
|-
| reformiert
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
| reformed
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Regierungsbezirk
|Joe.
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|-
| Register
|jüdisch
| register (a book or list)
|Jewish
|-
|-
| Reich
|Jugend
| empire; kingdom
|youth, adolescence
|-
|-
| Reifer
|Juli
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|July
|-
|-
| Reiter
|Julmonat
| rider; cavalryman
|December
|-
|-
| relicta
|jung
| widow
|young
|-
|-
| relictus
|Junge
| widower
|a youth (male)
|-
|-
| Religion
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
| religion
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| ren. = renatus, renata
|Junggeselle
| baptized, christened
|bachelor
|-
|-
| Rentner
|Jüngling
| retired person
|bachelor, young man
|-
|-
| Rheuma
|jüngsthin
| rheumatism
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
| Richter
|Juni
| judge
|June
|-
|-
| Rodel
|Justmann
| register
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|-
| Röseler
| whitewasher
|-
| Rössler
| horseman; tanner
|-
| römisch katholisch
| Roman Catholic
|-
| Röt
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
| Rotgerber
| red tanner
|-
| Ruhestand
| retirement
|-
| Ruhr
| dysentery
|-
| russisch
| Russian
|-
| Rußland
| Russia
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== S  ====
===K===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| S. = Seite
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| page
|royal imperial
|-
|-
| s. = siehe
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
| see the following reference
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
| Sachsen
|Kammerfrau
| Saxony
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
| Sackhuhn
|Kantor
| sailmaker
|choirmaster, organist
|-
|-
| Säger
|Karpe
| sawyer
|carpenter
|-
|-
| Salbung
|Karte
| anointing
|map
|-
|-
| Salzvogt
|Karrer
| salt works overseer
|carter
|-
|-
| Samstag
|Kartei
| Saturday
|card index
|-
|-
| Sarkhauer
|Kassierer
| stonemason
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
| Satertag
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
| Saturday
|cottager
|-
|-
| Sattler
|Käthner, Kätner
| saddler, leather worker
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schacherer
|katholisch
| peddler
|Catholic
|-
|-
| Schäfer
|kaufen
| shepherd
|to buy
|-
|-
| Schaffer
|Kaufmann
| worker; laborer; administrator
|merchant
|-
|-
| Schäf(f)ler
|kein
| cooper
|no, not any, none
|-
|-
| Schaffmann
|Keller
| worker
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
| Schaffner
|Kellner
| conductor
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
| Schalck, Schall
|Kessler
| servant
|kettlemaker
|-
|-
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Keuchhusten
| scarlet fever
|whooping cough
|-
|-
| Scharnemann
|Kiefer
| merchant in a market
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Scharrmacher
|Kind
| wagon builder
|baby
|-
|-
| Scharwerker
|Kindbetterin
| day laborer on a farm
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|-
| Schatter, Schattmann
|Kindbettfieber
| tax assessor
|childbed fever
|-
|-
| Schatzmann
|Kinder
| moneychanger; treasurer
|children
|-
|-
| Schatzmeister
|Kirche
| treasurer
|church
|-
|-
| Scheibenreisser
|Kirchenältester
| glazier
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|-
| Scheibler
|Kirchenbuch
| salt carrier
|parish register
|-
|-
| Scheiding
|Kirchengemeinde
| September
|parish
|-
|-
| Scheidler
|Kirchenpfleger
| knife-blade maker
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Scheidung
|Kirchenrodel
| divorce
|parish register
|-
|-
| Schein
|Kirchensprengel
| certificate
|parish
|-
|-
| Schenkungen
|Kirchenvorsteher
| donations
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Scherer
|Kirchhöre
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|church parish
|-
|-
| Schichtmeister
|kirchlich
| mine paymaster
|pertaining to church
|-
|-
| Schiffbauer
|Kirchrat
| shipbuilder
|member of a church council
|-
|-
| Schiffer
|Kirchspiel
| shipper; seaman
|parish
|-
|-
| Schiffmann
|Kläger(in), Klr.
| sailor
|plaintiff
|-
|-
| Schiffsmakler
|klein
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|little
|-
|-
| Schilderer
|Knabe
| sign painter
|boy
|-
|-
| Schindeldecker
|Knecht
| roofer of shingle roofs
|servant
|-
|-
| Schindelmacher
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
| shingle maker
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schinner
|Kolonist
| renderer, skinner
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|-
| Schirmmacher
|Kommunikant
| umbrella maker
|communicant
|-
|-
| Schirrmacher
|Kommunion
| wagon maker
|communion
|-
|-
| Schirrmeister
|Konfirmation
| master wagon maker
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|Konditormeister
| butcher
|master cake-maker
|-
|-
| Schlachtmann
|Konfitenten
| butcher
|confessants
|-
|-
| Schlachtwanter
|König
| clothing wholesaler
|king
|-
|-
| Schlafbaas
|königlich
| innkeeper
|royal
|-
|-
| Schlaganfall
|Königreich
| stroke, seizure
|kingdom
|-
|-
| Schlagfluß
|Kooperator
| stroke
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|-
| Schlieper
|Kopulation
| knifemaker; cutler
|marriage
|-
|-
| Schlieter
|kopulieren
| merchant
|to marry
|-
|-
| Schloß
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
| castle
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schlosser
|Kossattin
| locksmith
|female cottager
|-
|-
| Schlotfeger
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
| chimneysweep
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|-
| Schlotthauer
|Krämer
| locksmith
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|-
| Schmied
|Krämpfe
| smith
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|-
| Schneider
|Krankheit
| tailor
|disease, sickness
|-
|-
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
| woodcarver
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schopper
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| ship's carpenter
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schornsteinfeger
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| chimneysweep
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schosserheber
|Krebs
| tax collector
|cancer
|-
|-
| Schösser
|Kreis
| tax collector
|county
|-
|-
| Schotte
|Krieg
| peddler
|war
|-
|-
| Schottler
|Kröger, Krogmann
| turner; key maker
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Schottilier
|Küfer
| turner; carpenter
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Schreiber
|Kuhhirte
| scribe, clerk
|cowherd
|-
|-
| Schreiner
|Kupferschmied
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|coppersmith
|-
|-
| Schriftsetzer
|Kurort
| typesetter
|spa
|-
|-
| Schroder, Schröder
|Kusine
| tailor
|female cousin
|-
|-
| Schröer
|Küster
| tailor
|sexton
|-
|-
| Schröter
|Kutscher
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|coachman
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| shoemaker
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Land
| shoemaker
|land, country
|-
|-
| Schuhmacher
|Landarbeiter
| shoemaker, cobbler
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Schule
|Landkarte
| school
|map
|-
|-
| Schullehrer
|Landwirt
| schoolteacher
|farmer
|-
|-
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|lassen
| village mayor, head of town council
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|-
| Schüssler
|lebendig
| bowl maker
|living
|-
|-
| Schuster
|ledig
| shoemaker, cobbler
|single, unmarried
|-
|-
| Schuwarte
|legitimiert
| shoemaker
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|-
| Schwäche
|Lehrer
| weakness
|teacher
|-
|-
| Schwager
|Lehrling
| brother-in-law
|apprentice
|-
|-
| Schwägerin
|Leiche
| sister-in-law
|corpse, body
|-
|-
| Schwaiger
|Leichenpredigt
| shepherd
|funeral sermon
|-
|-
| schwanger
|Leinenweber
| pregnant
|linen weaver
|-
|-
| schwarz
|Lenz
| black
|spring (season)
|-
|-
| schwarzer Tod
|letzte Ölung
| black death; plague
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| Schwarzgiesser
|letzte Salbung
| iron smelter
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|Letzter
| pigherd
|latter, last
|-
|-
| Schweisser
|letzter Wille
| welder
|last will
|-
|-
| Schweiz
|links
| Switzerland
|left
|-
|-
| Schweizer
|Lippische Ziegler
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|-
| Schwendimann
|lohgerbermeister
| settler on recently burned woodland
|master tanner
|-
|-
| Schwerdtfeger
|Lungenentzündung
| armorer
|pneumonia
|-
|-
| Schwester
|Lungenschwindsucht
| sister
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
| Schwiegermutter  
|lutherisch
| mother-in-law
|Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mädchen
|girl
|-
|Mädel
|girl
|-
|Magd
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|Mägdlein
|girl, little girl
|-
|Mai
|May
|-
|Maler
|painter
|-
|Mann
|husband, man
|-
|männlich
|male
|-
|mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|Markt
|market
|-
|März
|March
|-
|Masern
|measles
|-
|Matrikel
|register
|-
|Matrose
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|Maurer
|mason
|-
|Mautner
|customs official
|-
|Meister, -meister
|master
|-
|Mennoniten
|Mennonites
|-
|Messerschmied
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
|butcher
|-
|Meubelfabrakant
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|Militär
|military
|-
|minderjährig
|underaged, minor
|-
|mit
|with, via, by
|-
|Mitglied
|member
|-
|Mittag
|midday
|-
|mittags
|at noon
|-
|Mitternacht
|midnight
|-
|Mittwoch
|Wednesday
|-
|Monat
|month
|-
|Montag
|Monday
|-
|Morgen
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|morgens
|in the morning
|-
|müheseelig Mench
|handicapped person
|-
|Mühle
|mill
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
|mill owner
|-
|Mühlenpächter
|mill tenant
|-
|Mullnäher
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|mündlich
|verbal, verbally
|-
|Mutter
|Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
|name not known
|-
|nach
|to, after, according to
|-
|Nachbar
|neighbor
|-
|Nachbarschaft
|neighborhood
|-
|nachgelassen
|surviving
|-
|Nachlaß
|estate, inheritance
|-
|Nachmittag
|afternoon
|-
|nachmittags
|in the afternoon
|-
|nächst(e)
|next
|-
|Nacht
|night
|-
|Näherin
|seamstress
|-
|Name
|name
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
|born
|-
|natus, nata
|born
|-
|neben
|next to
|-
|Nebenfrau
|concubine
|-
|Neffe
|nephew
|-
|nemlich
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|Nervenfieber
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|neu
|new
|-
|neun
|nine
|-
|neunte
|ninth
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
|twenty-ninth
|-
|neunzehn
|nineteen
|-
|neunzehnhundert
|nineteen hundred
|-
|neunzehnte
|nineteenth
|-
|neunzig
|ninety
|-
|neunzigste
|ninetieth
|-
|Nicht
|not
|-
|Nichte
|niece
|-
|nichts
|nothing
|-
|nie
|never
|-
|nieder
|lower
|-
|niederländisch
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|noch
|still
|-
|noch lebende
|still living
|-
|noch nicht
|not yet
|-
|Nord
|north
|-
|Notizen
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|Nottaufe
|emergency baptism
|-
|November
|November
|-
|Nummer
|number
|-
|nur
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|ober
|upper, over
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|oder
|or
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|make known publicly
|-
|oft
|often
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
|maternal uncle
|-
|ohne
|without
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
|without any particular occupation
|-
|Oktober
|October
|-
|Onkel
|uncle
|-
|Ort
|place, town
|-
|Ortslexikon
|gazetteer
|-
|Osten
|east
|-
|Ostern
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|Ostermonat
|April
|-
|Ostern
|Easter
|-
|Österreich
|Austria
|-
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Pächter
|leaseholder
|-
|Pate
|godfather
|-
|Paten
|godparents
|-
|Patin
|godmother
|-
|Pest
|plague
|-
|Pfalz
|Palatinate
|-
|Pfarramt
|parish office
|-
|Pfarrbuch
|parish register
|-
|Pfarrei
|parish
|-
|Pfarrer
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|Pfarrverweser
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|Pfingsten
|Pentecost
|-
|Pflegekind
|foster child
|-
|Pflegesohn
|foster son
|-
|Pflegetochter
|foster daughter
|-
|Pfleggericht
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|Plätterin
|ironer
|-
|Platz
|place (location)
|-
|Pocken
|pox, smallpox
|-
|Polen
|Poland
|-
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|Posamentierer
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|preußisch
|Prussia
|-
|Priester
|priest
|-
|Prinz
|prince
|-
|Prinzessin
|princess
|-
|protestantisch
|Protestant
|-
|Provinz
|province
|-
|provinzial
|provincial
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Räbbe
|rabies
|-
|Rabbiner
|rabbi
|-
|Räcke
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|Racker
|renderer
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|wheelwright
|-
|Radhauer
|wheelwright
|-
|Rathaus
|city hall
|-
|Ratsherr
|alderman
|-
|Ratsmann
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|Rechnung
|account; bill
|-
|rechtgläubig
|orthodox
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
|lawyer
|-
|reformiert
|reformed
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|Register
|register (a book or list)
|-
|Reich
|empire; kingdom
|-
|Reifer
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|Reiter
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|relicta
|widow
|-
|relictus
|widower
|-
|Religion
|religion
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
|baptized, christened
|-
|Rentner
|retired person
|-
|Rheuma
|rheumatism
|-
|Richter
|judge
|-
|Rodel
|register
|-
|Röseler
|whitewasher
|-
|Rössler
|horseman; tanner
|-
|römisch katholisch
|Roman Catholic
|-
|Röt
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|Rotgerber
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|Ruhestand
|retirement
|-
|Ruhr
|dysentery
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|S. = Seite
|page
|-
|s. = siehe
|see the following reference
|-
|Sachsen
|Saxony
|-
|Sackhuhn
|sailmaker
|-
|Säger
|sawyer
|-
|Salbung
|anointing
|-
|Salzmesser
|a salt weigher
|-
|Salzvogt
|salt works overseer
|-
|Samstag
|Saturday
|-
|Sarkhauer
|stonemason
|-
|Satertag
|Saturday
|-
|Sattler
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|Schacherer
|peddler
|-
|Schäfer
|shepherd
|-
|Schaffer
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
|cooper
|-
|Schaffmann
|worker
|-
|Schaffner
|conductor
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|Schalck, Schall
|servant
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|scarlet fever
|-
|Schänker / Schenker
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|Scharnemann
|merchant in a market
|-
|Scharrmacher
|wagon builder
|-
|Scharwerker
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
|tax assessor
|-
|Schatzmann
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|Schatzmeister
|treasurer
|-
|Scheibenreisser
|glazier
|-
|Scheibler
|salt carrier
|-
|Scheiding
|September
|-
|Scheidler
|knife-blade maker
|-
|Scheidung
|divorce
|-
|Schein
|certificate
|-
|Schenkungen
|donations
|-
|Scherer
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|Schichtmeister
|mine paymaster
|-
|Schiffbauer
|shipbuilder
|-
|Schiffer
|shipper; seaman
|-
|Schiffmann
|sailor
|-
|Schiffsmakler
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|Schilderer
|sign painter
|-
|Schindeldecker
|roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|Schindelmacher
|shingle maker
|-
|Schinner
|renderer, skinner
|-
|Schirmmacher
|umbrella maker
|-
|Schirrmacher
|wagon maker
|-
|Schirrmeister
|master wagon maker
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtmann
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtwanter
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|Schlafbaas
|innkeeper
|-
|Schlaganfall
|stroke, seizure
|-
|Schlagfluß
|stroke
|-
|Schlieper
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|Schösser
|tax collector
|-
|Schotte
|peddler
|-
|Schottler
|turner; key maker
|-
|Schottilier
|turner; carpenter
|-
|Schreiber
|scribe, clerk
|-
|Schreiner
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|tailor
|-
|Schröer
|tailor
|-
|Schröter
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuhmacher
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schule
|school
|-
|Schullehrer
|schoolteacher
|-
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|Schüssler
|bowl maker
|-
|Schuster
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schutzmann
|policeman
|-
|Schuwarte
|shoemaker
|-
|Schwäche
|weakness
|-
|Schwager
|brother-in-law
|-
|Schwägerin
|sister-in-law
|-
|Schwaiger
|shepherd
|-
|schwanger
|pregnant
|-
|schwarz
|black
|-
|schwarzer Tod
|black death; plague
|-
|Schwarzgiesser
|iron smelter
|-
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|pigherd
|-
|Schweisser
|welder
|-
|Schweiz
|Switzerland
|-
|Schweizer
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|Schwendimann
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|Schwerdtfeger
|armorer
|-
|Schwester
|sister
|-
|Schwiegermutter
|mother-in-law
|-
|Schwiegersohn
|son-in-law
|-
|Schwiegertochter
|daughter-in-law
|-
|Schwiegervater
|father-in-law
|-
|Schwindsucht
|consumption
|-
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|son of
|-
|sechs
|six
|-
|sechste
|sixth
|-
|sechsundzwanzig
|twenty-six
|-
|sechsundzwanzigste
|twenty-sixth
|-
|sechzehnhundert
|sixteen hundred
|-
|sechzehn
|sixteen
|-
|sechzehnte
|sixteenth
|-
|sechzig
|sixty
|-
|sechzigste
|sixtieth
|-
|See
|lake
|-
|Seelen
|souls
|-
|Seelenregister
|church membership list
|-
|Seelsorger
|minister, chaplain
|-
|Seemann
|sailor
|-
|Segner
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|Seitenstechen
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|Sibmacher
|sieve maker
|-
|sich
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|sie
|she, they
|-
|Sie
|you
|-
|sieben
|seven
|-
|siebente
|seventh
|-
|siebenundzwanzigste
|twenty-seventh
|-
|siebte
|seventh
|-
|siebzehn
|seventeen
|-
|siebzehnhundert
|seventeen hundred
|-
|siebzehnte
|seventeenth
|-
|siebzig
|seventy
|-
|siebzigste
|seventieth
|-
|Sieder
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|-
| Schwiegersohn
|siehe
| son-in-law
|see
|-
|-
| Schwiegertochter
|Sigrist
| daughter-in-law
|sexton
|-
|-
| Schwiegervater
|sind
| father-in-law
|are
|-
|-
| Schwindsucht
|so
| consumption
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|-
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|Sohn
| son of
|son
|-
|-
| sechs
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
| six
|young son
|-
|-
| sechste
|Soldat
| sixth
|soldier
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig
|Sölde
| twenty-six
|plot of land
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzigste
|Söldner
| twenty-sixth
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|-
| sechzehnhundert
|sollen
| sixteen hundred
|should
|-
|-
| sechzehn
|Sonnabend
| sixteen
|Saturday
|-
|-
| sechzehnte
|Sonntag
| sixteenth
|Sunday
|-
|-
| sechzig
|spät
| sixty
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| sechzigste
|Spengler
| sixtieth
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|-
| See
|spur. = spurius, spuria
| lake
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Seelen
|Staat
| souls
|state
|-
|-
| Seelenregister
|Staatsangehörigkeit
| church membership list
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|-
| Seelsorger
|Staatsarchiv
| minister, chaplain
|state archives
|-
|-
| Seemann
|Stadt
| sailor
|city
|-
|-
| Segner
|Stammbaum
| fisherman
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|-
| Seifensieder
|Stand
| soap maker
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|-
| Seigner
|Standesamt
| fisherman
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|-
| Seiler
|starb
| rope maker
|died
|-
|-
| sein
|Steinhauer
| to be; his
|stonecutter
|-
|-
| seit
|Steinmetz
| since
|stonemason
|-
|-
| Seite
|stellen
| page
|place, put, impose
|-
|-
| selige
|Stellmacher
| (the) late, blessed
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|-
| September
|Sterbefälle
| September
|deaths
|-
|-
| Sibber
|sterben
| sieve maker
|to die
|-
|-
| Sibmacher
|Steuer
| sieve maker
|tax
|-
|-
| sich
|Stickfluß
| himself, herself, itself
|asthma
|-
|-
| sie
|Stiefbruder
| she, they
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|-
| Sie
|Stiefkind
| you
|stepchild
|-
|-
| sieben
|Stiefmutter
| seven
|stepmother
|-
|-
| siebente
|Stiefschwester
| seventh
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzigste
|Stiefvater
| twenty-seventh
|stepfather
|-
|-
| siebte
|Stillgeburt
| seventh
|stillbirth
|-
|-
| siebzehn
|Straße
| seventeen
|street
|-
|-
| siebzehnhundert
|Stunde
| seventeen hundred
|hour
|-
|-
| siebzehnte
|Sucht
| seventeenth
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|-
| siebzig
|Süden
| seventy
|south
|-
|-
| siebzigste
|S.v. = Sohn von
| seventieth
|son of
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===T===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Sieder
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| soap maker
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| siehe
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
| see
|daughter of
|-
|-
| Sigrist
|T.v. = Tochter von
| sexton
|daughter of
|-
|-
| sind
|Tabelle
| are
|index, table
|-
|-
| so
|Tag
| as, so, thus, such
|day
|-
|-
| Sohn
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
| son
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|Tagner
| young son
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Soldat
|Tal, Thal
| soldier
|valley
|-
|-
| Söldner
|Tante
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|aunt
|-
|-
| sollen
|Tapazier
| should
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|-
| Sonnabend
|Tapeten
| Saturday
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|-
| Sonntag
|Tapezierer
| Sunday
|Upholsterer
|-
|-
| spät
|Tapezierergehilfe
| late (p.m.)
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| Spengler
|Tapezierergehilfin
| plumber; tinsmith
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|Tapeziermeister
| illegitimate
|Master upholsterer
|-
|-
| Staat
|Taufe
| state
|baptism
|-
|-
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|taufen
| citizenship, nationality
|to baptize
|-
|-
| Staatsarchiv
|Taufpaten
| state archives
|godparents
|-
|-
| Stadt
|Taufschein
| city
|baptismal certificate
|-
|-
| Stammbaum
|tausend
| family tree, pedigree
|thousand
|-
|-
| Stand
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
| occupation, status, condition
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|-
| Standesamt
|Testament
| civil registrar’s office
|will
|-
|-
| starb
|Tischler
| died
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
| Steinhauer
|Tochter
| stonecutter
|daughter
|-
|-
| Steinmetz
|Töchterchen
| stonemason
|young daughter
|-
|-
| stellen
|Töchterlein
| place, put, impose
|young daughter
|-
|-
| Stellmacher
|Tochtermann
| wheelwright
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Sterbefälle
|Tod
| deaths
|death
|-
|-
| sterben
|Todesart
| to die
|manner of death
|-
|-
| Steuer
|Töpfer
| tax
|potter
|-
|-
| Stickfluß
|tot
| asthma
|dead
|-
|-
| Stiefbruder
|Totengräber
| half brother, stepbrother
|grave digger
|-
|-
| Stiefkind
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
| stepchild
|stillborn
|-
|-
| Stiefmutter
|Trauung
| stepmother
|marriage
|-
|-
| Stiefschwester
|Trennung
| half sister, stepsister
|separation, divorce
|-
|-
| Stiefvater
|tschechisch
| stepfather
|Czech
|-
|-
| Stillgeburt
|Tschechoslowakai
| stillbirth
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|-
| Straße
|Tschismenmacher
| street
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|-
| Stunde
|Tuberkulose
| hour
|tuberculosis
|-
|-
| Sucht
|Tuchbereiter
| sickness, mania, rage
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|-
| Süden
|Tuchmacher
| south
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|-
| S.v. = Sohn von
|Tumor
| son of
|tumor
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===U===


==== T  ====
über


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
| daughter of
|-
|-
| T.v. = Tochter von
|u.d. = und des, und der
| daughter of
|and of
|-
|-
| Tabelle
|über
| index, table
|about, concerning, over
|-
|-
| Tag
|überleben
| day
|survive
|-
|-
| Tagelöhner
|Uhr
| day laborer
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|-
| Tagner
|um
| day laborer
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|-
| Tal, Thal
|unbekannt
| valley
|unknown
|-
|-
| Tante
|und
| aunt
|and
|-
|-
| Tapazier
|und der
| (wall)paper hanger
|and of
|-
|-
| Taufe
|und des
| baptism
|and of
|-
|-
| taufen
|unehelich
| to baptize
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Taufpaten
|ungarisch
| godparents
|Hungarian
|-
|-
| Taufschein
|Ungarn
| baptismal certificate
|Hungary
|-
|-
| tausend
|ungefähr
| thousand
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|-
| Testament
|uns
| will
|us
|-
|-
| Tischler
|unter
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|under, lower
|-
|-
| Tochter
|Unterleib
| daughter
|abdomen
|-
|-
| Töchterchen
|Unterleibsentzündung
| young daughter
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|-
| Töchterlein
|Unterleibstyphus
| young daughter
|typhoid fever
|-
|-
| Tochtermann
|Unterleibsverhärtung
| son-in-law
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|-
| Tod
|Unterrichter
| death
|judge
|-
|-
| Todesart
|Unterschrieben
| manner of death
|signed
|-
|-
| Töpfer
|Unterschrift
| potter
|signature
|-
|-
| tot
|Unterzeichnete
| dead
|the undersigned
|-
|-
| Totengräber
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
| grave digger
|unmarried
|-
|-
| totgeboren
|unzeitiges Kind
| stillborn
|premature child
|-
|-
| Trauung
|Urenkelkind
| marriage
|great-grandchild
|-
|-
| Trennung
|Urgroßmutter
| separation, divorce
|great-grandmother
|-
|-
| tschechisch
|Urgroßvater
| Czech
|great-grandfather
|-
|-
| Tschechoslowakai
|Urkunde
| Czechoslovakia
|record, document
|-
|-
| Tuberkulose
|Ururgroßmutter
| tuberculosis
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|-
| Tuchmacher
|Ururgroßvater
| cloth maker, draper
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|-
| Tumor
|ux. = uxor
| tumor
|wife
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== U  ====
===V===
 
über


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| u.d. = und des, und der
|Vater
| and of
|father
|-
|-
| über
|verehelicht
| about, concerning, over
|married
|-
|-
| überleben
|Verehelichung
| survive
|marriage
|-
|-
| Uhr
|vergangen
| o’clock, clock, watch
|past
|-
|-
| um
|vergraben
| at, about, around, concerning
|buried
|-
|-
| unbekannt
|verh. = verheiratet
| unknown
|married
|-
|-
| und
|Verkäufer
| and
|seller, vendor
|-
|-
| und der
|verl. = verlobt
| and of
|engaged
|-
|-
| und des
|verlebte
| and of
|deceased
|-
|-
| unehelich
|verloben, sich
| illegitimate
|to become engaged
|-
|-
| ungarisch
|Verlobte
| Hungarian
|fiancée
|-
|-
| Ungarn
|Verlobter
| Hungary
|fiancé
|-
|-
| ungefähr
|Verlobung
| about, circa, approximately
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| uns
|Vermieter
| us
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| unter
|Vermögen
| under, lower
|estate, assets
|-
|-
| Unterleib
|Verpächter
| abdomen
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| Unterleibsentzündung
|verrichtet
| abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|performed
|-
|-
| Unterleibstyphus
|verschiedene
| typhoid fever
|various
|-
|-
| Unterleibsverhärtung
|versehen
| abdomenal hardening
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|-
| Unterrichter
|Verstopfung
| judge
|constipation
|-
|-
| Unterschrieben
|verstorben
| signed
|deceased, defunct
|-
|-
| Unterschrift
|Verstorbene
| signature
|the deceased
|-
|-
| Unterzeichnete
|Verwaltung
| the undersigned
|administration
|-
|-
| unverheiratet
|Verwandten
| unmarried
|relatives
|-
|-
| Urenkelkind
|Verwandtschaft
| great-grandchild
|relationship
|-
|-
| Urgroßmutter
|verwitwet
| great-grandmother
|widowed
|-
|-
| Urgroßvater
|Verzeichnis
| great-grandfather
|register, list, index
|-
|-
| Urkunde
|Vetter
| record, document
|male cousin
|-
|-
| Ururgroßmutter
|vid. = viduus, vidua
| great-great-grandmother
|widower, widow
|-
|-
| Ururgroßvater
|vielleicht
| great-great-grandfather
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|-
| ux. = uxor
|vier
| wife
|four
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== V  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|vierte
| '''English'''
|fourth
|-
|-
| Vater
|vierundzwanzigste
| father
|twenty-fourth
|-
|-
| verehelicht
|vierzehn
| married
|fourteen
|-
|-
| Verehelichung
|vierzehnte
| marriage
|fourteenth
|-
|-
| vergangen
|vierzig
| past
|forty
|-
|-
| vergraben
|vierzigste
| buried
|fortieth
|-
|-
| verh. = verheiratet
|Vogt
| married
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| Verkäufer
|Voigt
| seller, vendor
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| verl. = verlobt
|Volkszählung
| engaged
|census
|-
|-
| verlebte
|volljährig
| deceased
|of age, of legal age
|-
|-
| verloben, sich
|vollzogen
| to become engaged
|performed
|-
|-
| Verlobte
|von
| fiancée
|of, from, by
|-
|-
| Verlobter
|vor
| fiancé
|before; ago
|-
|-
| Verlobung
|vorgestern
| betrothal, engagement
|the day before yesterday
|-
|-
| Vermieter
|vorherig
| landlord, lessor
|previous, preceding
|-
|-
| Vermögen
|vorheriger Tag
| estate, assets
|the previous day
|-
|-
| Verpächter
|vorläufig
| landlord, lessor
|for the time being
|-
|-
| verrichtet
|vormals
| performed
|formerly
|-
|-
| verschiedene
|Vormittags
| various
|in the morning
|-
|-
| versehen
|Vormund
| given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|guardian
|-
|-
| Verstopfung
|Vorname
| constipation
|given name
|-
|-
| verstorben
|Vorstadt
| deceased, defunct
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===W===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Verstorbene
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| the deceased
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Verwaltung
|Wagner
| administration
|cartwright
|-
|-
| Verwandten
|Waise
| relatives
|orphan
|-
|-
| Verwandtschaft
|Wald
| relationship
|forest, woods
|-
|-
| verwitwet
|wann
| widowed
|when
|-
|-
| Verzeichnis
|Wappen
| register, list, index
|coat of arms
|-
|-
| Vetter
|Wappenkunde
| male cousin
|heraldry
|-
|-
| vid. = viduus, vidua
|war
| widower, widow
|was
|-
|-
| vielleicht
|waren
| perhaps, maybe
|were
|-
|-
| vier
|warum
| four
|why
|-
|-
| vierte
|was
| fourth
|what
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzigste
|Wassersucht
| twenty-fourth
|dropsy, edema
|-
|-
| vierzehn
|Weber
| fourteen
|weaver
|-
|-
| vierzehnte
|Weduwe
| fourteenth
|widow
|-
|-
| vierzig
|wegen
| forty
|because of
|-
|-
| vierzigste
|Wehmutter
| fortieth
|midwife
|-
|-
| Vogt
|Weib
| steward, overseer
|wife, woman
|-
|-
| Voigt
|weiblich
| steward, overseer
|female
|-
|-
| Volkszählung
|weil. = weiland
| census
|deceased
|-
|-
| volljährig
|weiland
| of age, of legal age
|deceased
|-
|-
| vollzogen
|Weiland
| performed
|the deceased
|-
|-
| von
|Weiler
| of, from, by
|hamlet
|-
|-
| vor
|weiß
| before; ago
|white
|-
|-
| vorherig
|Weißgerber
| previous, preceding
|tanner
|-
|-
| vorheriger Tag
|welche
| the previous day
|which
|-
|-
| vorläufig
|Weltpriester
| for the time being
|a secular priest
|-
|-
| vormals
|wer
| formerly
|who
|-
|-
| Vormittags
|werden
| in the morning
|to become
|-
|-
| Vormund
|West
| guardian
|west
|-
|-
| Vorname
|weyland
| given name
|deceased
|-
|-
| Vorstadt
|wie
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|how
|}
|-
 
|Wiedertäufer
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|Anabaptist
 
==== W  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Wagner
| cartwright
|-
| Waise
| orphan
|-
| Wald
| forest, woods
|-
| wann
| when
|-
| Wappen
| coat of arms
|-
| Wappenkunde
| heraldry
|-
| war
| was
|-
| waren
| were
|-
| warum
| why
|-
| was
| what
|-
| Wassersucht
| dropsy, edema
|-
| Weber
| weaver
|-
| Weduwe
| widow
|-
| wegen
| because of
|-
| Wehmutter
| midwife
|-
| Weib
| wife, woman
|-
| weiblich
| female
|-
| weil. = weiland
| deceased
|-
| weiland
| deceased
|-
| Weiland
| the deceased
|-
| Weiler
| hamlet
|-
| weiß
| white
|-
| Weißgerber
| tanner
|-
| welche
| which
|-
| wer
| who
|-
| werden
| to become
|-
| West
| west
|-
| weyland
| deceased
|-
|-
| wie
|Windpocken
| how
|chicken pox
|-
|-
| Windpocken
|Wintermonat
| chicken pox
|November
|-
|-
| Wintermonat
|Wirt
| November
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|-
| Wirt
|Wittib
| innkeeper
|widow
|-
|-
| Wittib
|Wittiber
| widow
|widower
|-
|-
| Wittiber
|Witwer
| widower
|widower
|-
|-
| Witwer
|wo
| widower
|where
|-
|-
| wo
|Woche
| where
|week
|-
|-
| Woche
|Wochenbett
| week
|childbed
|-
|-
| Wochenbett
|Wöchnerin
| childbed
|woman in childbed
|-
|-
| woher  
|woher
| from where
|from where
|-
|-
| wohnen  
|wohnen
| to live, residing
|to live, residing
|-
|-
| Wohnort  
|Wohnort
| place of residence
|place of residence
|-
|-
| Wohnplatz  
|Wohnplatz
| place of residence
|place of residence
|-
|-
| Wohnung  
|Wohnung
| domicile, residence
|domicile, residence
|-
|-
| wollen  
|wollen
| to want
|to want
|-
|-
| Wonnemonat  
|Wonnemonat
| May
|May
|-
|-
| Wörterbuch  
|Wörterbuch
| dictionary
|dictionary
|-
|-
| wurde geboren  
|wurde geboren
| was born
|was born
|-
|-
| wurde getauft  
|wurde getauft
| was baptized
|was baptized
|-
|-
| würdig  
|würdig
| worthy
|worthy
|-
|-
| Wwe. = Witwe  
|Wwe. = Witwe
| widow
|widow
|-
|-
| Wwer. = Witwer  
|Wwer. = Witwer
| widower
|widower
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== X ====
===X===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris  
|Xber, Xbris
| December
|December
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


==== Z ====
===Z===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|-
|-
| zählen
|zehn
| to count
|ten
|-
|-
| Zahnkrämpfe
|Zehnt(en)buch
| teething
|tithing book
|-
|-
| Zahnung
|zehnte
| teething
|tenth
|-
|-
| zehn
|Zehnten
| ten
|tithes
|-
|-
| Zehnt(en)buch
|zehrendes Fieber
| tithing book
|consumptive fever
|-
|-
| zehnte
|Zehrung
| tenth
|consumption
|-
|-
| Zehnten
|Zeit
| tithes
|time
|-
|-
| zehrendes Fieber
|Zentner
| consumptive fever
|hundredweight
|-
|-
| Zehrung
|Zeuge
| consuption
|witness
|-
|-
| Zeit
|Ziegler
| time
|brick maker
|-
|-
| Zeuge
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
| witness
|foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|-
| Ziegler
|Zimmermann
| brick maker
|Carpenter
|-
|-
| Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|Zivilstandsamt
| foster mother, son, daughter
|civil registrar's office
|-
|-
| Zimmermann
|Zöllner
| Carpenter
|publican, tax collector
|-
|-
| Zivilstandsamt
|zu Hause
| civil registrar's office
|at home
|-
|-
| Zöllner
|Zukunft
| publican, tax collector
|future
|-
|-
| zu Hause
|Zuname
| at home
|surname, last name
|-
|-
| Zukunft
|zusammen
| future
|together
|-
|-
| Zuname
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
| surname, last name
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|-
| zusammen
|Zuständigkeitsort
| together
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
| zwanzig  
|zwanzig
| twenty
|twenty
|-
|-
| zwanzigte  
|zwanzigte
| twentieth
|twentieth
|-
|-
| zwei  
|zwei
| two
|two
|-
|-
| zweihundert  
|zweihundert
| two hundred
|two hundred
|-
|-
| zwei tausend  
|zwei tausend
| two thousand
|two thousand
|-
|-
| zweite  
|zweite
| second
|second
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|zweiundzwanzigste
| twenty-second
|twenty-second
|-
|-
| Zwilling(e)  
|Zwilling(e)
| twin, twins
|twin, twins
|-
|-
| zwischen  
|zwischen
| between
|between
|-
|-
| zwölf  
|zwölf
| twelve
|twelve
|-
|-
| Zwölfer  
|Zwölfer
| member of a council
|member of a council
|-
|-
| zwölfte  
|zwölfte
| twelfth
|twelfth
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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