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{{ChineseWL-sidebar}} | |||
{{breadcrumb | {{breadcrumb | ||
| link1=[[Genealogical Word Lists|Genealogical Word Lists]] | | link1=[[Genealogical Word Lists|Genealogical Word Lists]] | ||
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| link5=[[Chinese Genealogical Word List|Chinese Genealogical Word List]] | | link5=[[Chinese Genealogical Word List|Chinese Genealogical Word List]] | ||
}}<br> | }}<br> | ||
==Online Resources== | |||
*[[Chinese Genealogical Word List#Key Words|Word List]] - Research Wiki article | |||
*[https://edge.fscdn.org/assets/static/media/guide.6f876de71394a1409ce9.pdf Chinese Jiapu and Gravestone Character Guide] at FamilySearch | |||
*[http://www.chinese-dictionary.org/ Online Chinese Dictionary] | |||
*[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english-chinese Online Chinese Dictionary] | |||
*[http://aboutworldlanguages.com/mandarin Mandarin language overview] | |||
*[https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/chinese.pdf Chinese Transliteration information] | |||
*[https://www.chinesetools.eu/tools/zhuyin/ Chinese Romanization converter] | |||
*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_chinese.php Chinese basics and grammar] | |||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
The character們 can also be used to make a noun plural, similar to a final “s” for countable regular nouns in English, but this generally only applies to human nouns in Chinese. For instance, the word 同學 (classmate; ''tóng xué'') can become 同學們 (classmates; ''tóng xué men''), 同事 (colleague; ''tóng shì'') becomes 同事們 (colleagues; tóng ''shì men''), 女士 (lady; ''nǚ shì'') becomes 女士們 (ladies; ''nǚ shì men''), and so forth. <br> | The character們 can also be used to make a noun plural, similar to a final “s” for countable regular nouns in English, but this generally only applies to human nouns in Chinese.<ref>Chinese Language, StackExchange, https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/6802/when-to-use-%E4%BB%AC, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> For instance, the word 同學 (classmate; ''tóng xué'') can become 同學們 (classmates; ''tóng xué men''), 同事 (colleague; ''tóng shì'') becomes 同事們 (colleagues; tóng ''shì men''), 女士 (lady; ''nǚ shì'') becomes 女士們 (ladies; ''nǚ shì men''), and so forth. <br> | ||
Beyond the occasional use of 們, the plural in Chinese is generally either inferred from context or designated by the placement of a number.<ref>''Chinese Plural, MyLanguages'', http://mylanguages.org/chinese_plural.php, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> When quantifying a noun in Chinese, classifiers are placed between the number and the noun, similar to the way in which uncountable nouns are designated in English (e.g. One '''cup''' of milk, a '''kernel''' of corn, a '''sum''' of money, etc.). Some examples of Chinese classifiers are as follows: | Beyond the occasional use of 們, the plural in Chinese is generally either inferred from context or designated by the placement of a number.<ref>''Chinese Plural, MyLanguages'', http://mylanguages.org/chinese_plural.php, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> When quantifying a noun in Chinese, classifiers are placed between the number and the noun, similar to the way in which uncountable nouns are designated in English (e.g. One '''cup''' of milk, a '''kernel''' of corn, a '''sum''' of money, etc.). Some examples of Chinese classifiers are as follows: | ||
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==Verb Tense== | ==Verb Tense== | ||
Chinese verbs do not undergo conjugation. All verbs have a single form, regardless of the preceding pronoun or subject or whether the verb is being used in the past, present or future. Chinese verb tenses are generally inferred from context or by the placement of time words as highlighted in the following examples:<br> | Chinese verbs do not undergo conjugation. All verbs have a single form, regardless of the preceding pronoun or subject or whether the verb is being used in the past, present or future.<ref>Su, Qiu Gui. “How to Use Verb Tenses in Chinese", https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-timeframes-2279615, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> Chinese verb tenses are generally inferred from context or by the placement of time words as highlighted in the following examples:<br> | ||
{| width="70%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| width="70%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
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Additional examples of verb tense in Chinese can be found [https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-timeframes-2279615 here]. <br> | Additional examples of verb tense in Chinese can be found [https://www.thoughtco.com/mandarin-timeframes-2279615 here]. <br> | ||
== Affirmative/Negative == | |||
Chinese doesn't have any universal word for "yes" and "no."<ref>How to Say "Yes" and "No" in Chinese, https://www.omeidachinese.com/yes-no-chinese/</ref> Instead, answering in the affirmative or negative is usually done by repeating the verb used by the asker: | |||
Repeating the verb indicates “yes.” | |||
Using 不 + the verb indicates “no.” | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders" width="70%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" | |||
|- | |||
| class="xl25" | '''Chinese Phrase''' | |||
| class="xl25" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
| class="xl25" | '''English (literal)''' | |||
| class="xl25" | '''English Meaning''' | |||
|- | |||
| class="xl24" | Q：你喜欢苹果吗？ | |||
A：喜欢 | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: Nǐ xǐ huan píng guǒ ma? | |||
A: xǐ huan 。 | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: You like apples? | |||
A: Like | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: Do you like apples? | |||
A: Yes | |||
|- | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: 你要这个吗？ | |||
A: 不要 | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: Nǐ yào zhè ge ma？ | |||
A: Bú yào。 | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: You want this? | |||
A: Not want | |||
| class="xl24" | Q: Do you want this? | |||
A: No | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
More information on using the affirmative and negative (yes/no) in Mandarin can be found [https://www.omeidachinese.com/yes-no-chinese/ here] . | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
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The word list below includes words that may be most commonly found in genealogical sources. A list of Chinese trades and occupations and the English equivalents can be found [http://carlgene.com/blog/2011/08/49-trades-crafts-and-occupations-in-english-and-chinese/ here].<br> | The word list below includes words that may be most commonly found in genealogical sources. A list of Chinese trades and occupations and the English equivalents can be found [http://carlgene.com/blog/2011/08/49-trades-crafts-and-occupations-in-english-and-chinese/ here].<br> | ||
For further help, use a Chinese-English or English-Chinese dictionary. At the | For further help, use a Chinese-English or English-Chinese dictionary. At the FamilySearch Library, Chinese dictionaries are cataloged with call numbers 423.951 and 495.1321 – 495.17321. The following dictionaries available for reference in hardcopy format at the FamilySearch Library may be particularly helpful: | ||
*Mathews, Robert Henry, Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary | *Mathews, Robert Henry, Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary | ||
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1943 (ISBN: 0674123506; Call No. 495.1321) | Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1943 (ISBN: 0674123506; Call No. 495.1321) | ||
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Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Co. (Hong Kong Branch), 1975 (Call No. 423.951) | Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Co. (Hong Kong Branch), 1975 (Call No. 423.951) | ||
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the | Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&placeId=1927073&query=%2Bsubject%3AChina%20%2Bsubject%3Adirectories&subjectsOpen=369682-50 China – Language and languages - Dictionaries]. Most bookstores also carry inexpensive Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionaries.<br><br> | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
Chinese has two sets of numbers. The most regularly-used set of numbers can be roughly translated as “small writing” (小寫; xiǎo xiě), and for the purposes of this glossary will be referred to as “numbers.” The other set is used in more formal contexts (e.g. financial, commercial, archival, etc.) and can be roughly translated as “large writing” (大寫; dà xiě), or more commonly, “financial numbers.” The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3, etc.) versions of each number and financial number 0-10 as well as multiples of 10 up through 10,000 in Chinese.<br><br> | Chinese has two sets of numbers. The most regularly-used set of numbers can be roughly translated as “small writing” (小寫; xiǎo xiě), and for the purposes of this glossary will be referred to as “numbers.” The other set is used in more formal contexts (e.g. financial, commercial, archival, etc.) and can be roughly translated as “large writing” (大寫; dà xiě), or more commonly, “financial numbers.”<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chinese numerals," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_numerals, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3, etc.) versions of each number and financial number 0-10 as well as multiples of 10 up through 10,000 in Chinese.<br><br> | ||
{| width="70%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| width="70%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
==Dates/Calendar== | ==Dates/Calendar== | ||
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===Chinese/Lunar Calendar=== | ===Chinese/Lunar Calendar=== | ||
The above dates apply only to the Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in China in 1912. Prior to 1912, the Chinese exclusively utilized the Chinese calendar, which is still used in China today (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) albeit to a much lesser degree. The Chinese calendar is known officially as the Rural Calendar (農曆; Nónglì), but is often referred to by other names, such as the Former Calendar (舊曆; Jiùlì), or the Lunar Calendar (陰曆; Yīnlì).<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chinese Calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar , accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> <br> | The above dates apply only to the Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in China in 1912.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Adoption of the Gregorian calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar#China_and_Taiwan, accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> Prior to 1912, the Chinese exclusively utilized the Chinese calendar, which is still used in China today (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) albeit to a much lesser degree. The Chinese calendar is known officially as the Rural Calendar (農曆; Nónglì), but is often referred to by other names, such as the Former Calendar (舊曆; Jiùlì), or the Lunar Calendar (陰曆; Yīnlì).<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chinese Calendar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar , accessed 1 February 2018.</ref> <br> | ||
Understanding the Chinese calendar is a critical component in conducting Chinese genealogy research; otherwise, dates of events, including births, deaths, marriages, and so forth, cannot be correctly recorded. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is based on 100-year periods, or centuries, the Chinese calendar is based on sixty-year periods comprising what is referred to as the sexagenary cycle (六十花甲; liù shí huā jiǎ). The sexagenary cycle, also referred to as the Stems and Branches (干支; Gān zhī), is divided up into a combination of ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiān gān) and twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dì zhī) as follows: | Understanding the Chinese calendar is a critical component in conducting Chinese genealogy research; otherwise, dates of events, including births, deaths, marriages, and so forth, cannot be correctly recorded. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which is based on 100-year periods, or centuries, the Chinese calendar is based on sixty-year periods comprising what is referred to as the sexagenary cycle (六十花甲; liù shí huā jiǎ). The sexagenary cycle, also referred to as the Stems and Branches (干支; Gān zhī), is divided up into a combination of ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiān gān) and twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dì zhī) as follows: | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
Within the sexagenary cycle, the Heavenly Stems repeat six times (10 x 6 = 60) and the Earthly Branches repeat five times (12 x 5 = 60). Using this pattern, the first year of every sexagenary cycle is 甲子 (jiǎ zǐ) and the 60th year is 癸亥 (guǐ hài). A complete table showing all sixty years of the sexagenary cycle can be found [ | Within the sexagenary cycle, the Heavenly Stems repeat six times (10 x 6 = 60) and the Earthly Branches repeat five times (12 x 5 = 60). Using this pattern, the first year of every sexagenary cycle is 甲子 (jiǎ zǐ) and the 60th year is 癸亥 (guǐ hài). A complete table showing all sixty years of the sexagenary cycle can be found [https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm here]. <br> | ||
Another step in converting the Chinese calendar to the Gregorian calendar is to identify the reign year (帝號; dì hào) or the reign title (年號; nián hào), which corresponds to which emperor was on the throne at the time. A complete listing of Chinese imperial reigns can be found [http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/chinahistory/dyn17-u.html#d-21 here]]. Identifying both the reign year and the sexagenary cycle designator (i.e. Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch combination) on a historical record will then allow accurate conversion to the Gregorian calendar.<br> | Another step in converting the Chinese calendar to the Gregorian calendar is to identify the reign year (帝號; dì hào) or the reign title (年號; nián hào), which corresponds to which emperor was on the throne at the time. A complete listing of Chinese imperial reigns can be found [http://pages.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/chin/chinahistory/dyn17-u.html#d-21 here]]. Identifying both the reign year and the sexagenary cycle designator (i.e. Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch combination) on a historical record will then allow accurate conversion to the Gregorian calendar.<br> | ||
As an example of a conversion, a record containing 大清乾隆己未 (dà qīng qián lóng jǐ wèi) would refer to the Qing Dynasty (大清), which lasted from 1644-1912; followed by the reign of Emperor Qianlong (乾隆), which lasted from 1736-1795; and the year 己未. Using Qianlong’s reign from 1736-1795 as a point of reference, one could then utilize online resources (such as [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E6%9C%AA here]) to determine that己未refers to the Gregorian year of 1739. <br> | As an example of a conversion, a record containing 大清乾隆己未 (dà qīng qián lóng jǐ wèi) would refer to the Qing Dynasty (大清), which lasted from 1644-1912; followed by the reign of Emperor Qianlong (乾隆), which lasted from 1736-1795; and the year 己未. Using Qianlong’s reign from 1736-1795 as a point of reference, one could then utilize online resources (such as [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E6%9C%AA here]) to determine that己未refers to the Gregorian year of 1739.<ref>King, Tony. Helps for Reading Chinese Genealogies, unpublished paper (Last updated: September 2015).</ref> <br> | ||
In addition to the Chinese and Gregorian calendars, the Minguo or Republic of China calendar (民國紀元; mín guó jì yuán) is also in use today, but almost exclusively in Taiwan. This calendar originated in 1912, the year in which the Republic of China was established. To convert a Minguo calendar date to the Gregorian calendar, add 1911 to the Minguo year. For instance, Minguo year 107 is Gregorian year 2018. | In addition to the Chinese and Gregorian calendars, the Minguo or Republic of China calendar (民國紀元; mín guó jì yuán) is also in use today, but almost exclusively in Taiwan. This calendar originated in 1912, the year in which the Republic of China was established. To convert a Minguo calendar date to the Gregorian calendar, add 1911 to the Minguo year. For instance, Minguo year 107 is Gregorian year 2018. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
==Key Words== | ==Key Words== | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#CFF3FF" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Age | | align="left" | Age | ||
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<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
==General Word List== | ==General Word List== | ||
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===A=== | ===A=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Accountant | | align="left" | Accountant | ||
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===B=== | ===B=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Banker | | align="left" | Banker | ||
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===C=== | ===C=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Carpenter | | align="left" | Carpenter | ||
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===D=== | ===D=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Date (n) | | align="left" | Date (n) | ||
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===E=== | ===E=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | East | | align="left" | East | ||
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===F=== | ===F=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Farmer | | align="left" | Farmer | ||
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===G=== | ===G=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Gardener | | align="left" | Gardener | ||
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===H=== | ===H=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Herdsman | | align="left" | Herdsman | ||
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===I=== | ===I=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Immigrant | | align="left" | Immigrant | ||
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===J=== | ===J=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | January | | align="left" | January | ||
| Line 1,096: | Line 1,145: | ||
===K=== | ===K=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Kilometer | | align="left" | Kilometer | ||
| Line 1,117: | Line 1,166: | ||
===L=== | ===L=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Laborer | | align="left" | Laborer | ||
| Line 1,170: | Line 1,219: | ||
===M=== | ===M=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Manchuria | | align="left" | Manchuria | ||
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===N=== | ===N=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Name | | align="left" | Name | ||
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===O=== | ===O=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | October | | align="left" | October | ||
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===P=== | ===P=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Painter | | align="left" | Painter | ||
| Line 1,446: | Line 1,495: | ||
===Q=== | ===Q=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Qin Dynasty | | align="left" | Qin Dynasty | ||
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===R=== | ===R=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Receive surname | | align="left" | Receive surname | ||
| Line 1,524: | Line 1,573: | ||
===S=== | ===S=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Saturday | | align="left" | Saturday | ||
| Line 1,621: | Line 1,670: | ||
===T=== | ===T=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Taboo name (for deceased emperor or head of family) | | align="left" | Taboo name (for deceased emperor or head of family) | ||
| Line 1,686: | Line 1,735: | ||
===U=== | ===U=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Unknown | | align="left" | Unknown | ||
| Line 1,699: | Line 1,748: | ||
===V=== | ===V=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Village | | align="left" | Village | ||
| Line 1,716: | Line 1,765: | ||
===W=== | ===W=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Warring States Period | | align="left" | Warring States Period | ||
| Line 1,785: | Line 1,834: | ||
===X=== | ===X=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Xia Dynasty | | align="left" | Xia Dynasty | ||
| Line 1,802: | Line 1,851: | ||
===Y=== | ===Y=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Yuan Dynasty | | align="left" | Yuan Dynasty | ||
| Line 1,815: | Line 1,864: | ||
===Z=== | ===Z=== | ||
{| width="70%" | {| width="70%" class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''English''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Chinese''' | |||
! width="20%" bgcolor="#7F FF D4" align="left" | '''Pinyin''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="left" | Zodiac (Chinese) | | align="left" | Zodiac (Chinese) | ||
| Line 1,828: | Line 1,877: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Word List]] | [[Category:Word List]][[Category:Chinese Genealogy]][[Category:Hong Kong]][[Category:Taiwan]] | ||
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