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| ==How to Find the Records== | | ==How to Find the Records== |
| === Online Resources === | | === Online Resources === |
| *'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_south+dakota-usa_44&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry; index only ($); ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_south+dakota-usa_44&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *'''1821-1989''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2469 U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989] at Ancestry; index & images ($) | | *'''1821-1989''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2469 U.S. City Directories, 1821-1989] at Ancestry - index & images ($) |
| *'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage; index & images ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *'''1898-1899''' [https://history.sd.gov/archives/brandbook.aspx South Dakota State Historical Society: South Dakota State Brand Book (Index), 1898-1899] | | *'''1898-1899''' [https://history.sd.gov/archives/brandbook.aspx South Dakota State Historical Society: South Dakota State Brand Book (Index), 1898-1899] |
| *'''1900''' [https://archive.org/stream/litlegembrandboo00kans#page/2/mode/2up Little Gem Brand Book, 1900] | | *'''1900''' [https://archive.org/stream/litlegembrandboo00kans#page/2/mode/2up Little Gem Brand Book, 1900] |
| ====Cultural Groups==== | | ====Cultural Groups==== |
| *'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota | | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.South%2F3Dakota+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of South Dakota |
| *[http://www.odessa3.org/about.html Odessa3: Germans from Russia] | | *[http://www.odessa3.org/about.html Odessa3: Germans from Russia] |
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| ==== Passport Records Online ==== | | ==== Passport Records Online ==== |
| *'''1795-1925''' - {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at [https://www.familysearch.org/search FamilySearch] — index and images | | *'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images |
| *'''1795-1925''' - [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($) | | *'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($) |
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| ===Offices to Contact=== | | ===Offices to Contact=== |
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| *[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']] | | *[[U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin|'''U. S. Immigration Records: Finding the Town of Origin''']] |
| ==Background== | | ==Background== |
| | |
| | *Pre-statehood settlers of South Dakota generally came from '''Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois'''. |
| | *Many of the pre-1860 settlers were of '''Norwegian''' descent. |
| | *The first major influx of settlers began in 1863, after passage of the first '''[https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act Homestead Act]'''. Homesteaders in the late 1860s and early 1870s came from the '''eastern and mid-western states'''. Many others came from Europe, including groups of '''Swedes, Danes, Czechs, and Germans from Russia.''' |
| | * The '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush Black Hills gold rush of 1875-1877]''' also attracted thousands of people. |
| | *The great Dakota land boom in northeastern and central South Dakota began in 1877 and reached its peak by 1887, two years before statehood. This boom, coinciding with the construction of railways into the region, brought many additional settlers. Immigrants of many ethnic backgrounds, especially '''English, Scandinavian, and Dutch''', continued to come from nearby states of the upper Mississippi valley. |
| | *Small groups also came directly from overseas, including '''Welsh immigrants and additional Germans from Russia'''. |
| | *New lands became available in the western part of the state in the early 1900s, but a severe drought in 1910 and 1911 brought a temporary halt to homesteading and caused significant emigration from the state. |
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| {{Adoption SDGenWeb}}
| | ==Immigration Records== |
| <ref>The photo above shows men working on a South Dakota railroad around 1910. The photo is courtesy of http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/c/r/a/Wallace-M-Crawford/PHOTO/0006photo.html</ref> The photo above shows men working on a South Dakota railroad around 1910. During the first half of the nineteenth century, various Sioux (also called Dakota) tribes lived in the area that became South Dakota. These included the Santee, Teton, Yankton, and Yanktonnais tribes. The Dakota Sioux Indians comprise about five percent of the state's present population. Most of the present inhabitants are descendants of pioneers who came to South Dakota before 1920. Pre-statehood settlers of South Dakota generally came from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois. Many of the pre-1860 settlers were of Norwegian descent. Some came to southeastern South Dakota by covered wagon across northern Iowa or southern Minnesota. Others came by railway to St. Joseph, Missouri, then by steamboat up the Missouri River. The first major influx of settlers began in 1863, after passage of the first '''[https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/homestead-act Homestead Act]'''. Homesteaders in the late 1860s and early 1870s came from the eastern and mid-western states. Many others came from Europe, including groups of Swedes, Danes, Czechs, and Germans from Russia. The '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush Black Hills gold rush of 1875-1877]''' also attracted thousands of people. The great Dakota land boom in northeastern and central South Dakota began in 1877 and reached its peak by 1887, two years before statehood. This boom, coinciding with the construction of railways into the region, brought many additional settlers. Immigrants of many ethnic backgrounds, especially English, Scandinavian, and Dutch, continued to come from nearby states of the upper Mississippi valley. Small groups also came directly from overseas, including Welsh immigrants and additional Germans from Russia. New lands became available in the western part of the state in the early 1900s, but a severe drought in 1910 and 1911 brought a temporary halt to homesteading and caused significant emigration from the state.
| | '''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[South Dakota Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]] |
| | ===What can I find in them?=== |
| | ====[[South Dakota Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]==== |
| | *'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''. The names of wives and children were often not included. |
| | |
| | *'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin. |
| | |
| | *'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included: |
| | **name, age, sex, |
| | **nationality, occupation, marital status, |
| | **last residence, final destination in the U.S., |
| | **whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long), |
| | **if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship, |
| | **whether able to read and write, |
| | **whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage, |
| | **amount of money the immigrant had in their possession, |
| | **whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane, |
| | **whether the passenger was a polygamist, |
| | **and immigrant's state of health. |
| | |
| | *'''1906--''' - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included. |
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| | ====[[South Dakota Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]] ==== |
| | Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as: |
| | |
| | *Birthplace |
| | *Birth date |
| | *Naturalization information |
| | *Arrival information, if foreign born |
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| | ==In-country Migration== |
| | Some settlers came to southeastern South Dakota by covered wagon across northern Iowa or southern Minnesota. Others came by railway to St. Joseph, Missouri, then by steamboat up the Missouri River. |
| | === South Dakota Migration Routes === |
| | |
| | [[Missouri River]]{{·}} [[Red River of the North]]{{·}} [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)]]{{·}} [[Wadsworth Trail]] |
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| | ==For Further Reading== |
| | The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog: |
| | *{{FSC|United States, South Dakota - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1796090295|disp=United States, South Dakota - Emigration and immigration}} |
| | *{{FSC|United States, South Dakota - Minorities|subject|subject-id=2092064202|disp=United States, South Dakota - Minorities}} |
| | *{{FSC|United States, South Dakota - Minorities - Biography|subject|subject-id=1479498934|disp=United States, South Dakota - Minorities - Biography}} |
| | *{{FSC|United States, South Dakota - Minorities - Genealogy - Periodicals|subject|subject-id=192701730|disp=United States, South Dakota - Minorities - Genealogy - Periodicals}} |
| | *{{FSC|United States, South Dakota - Minorities - History|subject|subject-id=667118057|disp=United States, South Dakota - Minorities - History}} |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| | | <references/> |
| *''[[South Dakota Genealogy|South Dakota]] Research Outline.'' Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve, Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001. | | *''[[South Dakota Genealogy|South Dakota]] Research Outline.'' Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve, Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001. |
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