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{{Portugal | {{CountrySidebar | ||
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|Background=Naming Customs | |||
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| link1= [[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]] | | link1= [[Portugal Genealogy|Portugal]] | ||
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| link5=[[Portugal | | link5=[[Portugal Naming Customs|Naming Customs]] | ||
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==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
Sometimes, deciphering a given name in an old handwritten document is not as easy as one might suppose. This could be due to the widespread use of abbreviations or to the difficulty in reading the handwriting. Use these lists of names to assist you in interpreting the names mentioned in the documents.<ref>'''Portuguese Documents''', BYU Script Tutorial, https://script.byu.edu/ | Sometimes, deciphering a given name in an old handwritten document is not as easy as one might suppose. This could be due to the widespread use of abbreviations or to the difficulty in reading the handwriting. Use these lists of names to assist you in interpreting the names mentioned in the documents.<ref>'''Portuguese Documents''', BYU Script Tutorial, https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/documents/record-types/general, accessed 22 February 2021. </ref> | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/names/general '''List of Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/names/general '''List of Given Names'''] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/tools/abbreviations '''Abbreviations'''] | ||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Surnames'''] | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Given Names'''] | *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/portuguese '''Behind the Name: Portuguese Given Names'''] | ||
*[http://www.irn.mj.pt/IRN/sections/irn/a_registral/registos-centrais/docs-da-nacionalidade/vocabulos-admitidos-e/ '''Instituto dos Registros e do Notariado.'''] Allowable given names in modern Portugal. | *[http://www.irn.mj.pt/IRN/sections/irn/a_registral/registos-centrais/docs-da-nacionalidade/vocabulos-admitidos-e/ '''Instituto dos Registros e do Notariado.'''] Allowable given names in modern Portugal. | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Surnames == | ==Surnames == | ||
A Portuguese name is typically composed of '''one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more)'''. The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon in Portugal that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | A Portuguese name is typically composed of '''one or two given names, and a number of family names (rarely one, but often two or three, sometimes more)'''. The first additional names are usually the mother's family surname(s) and the father's family surname(s). It is not uncommon in Portugal that a married woman has two given names and six surnames, two from her mother's family, two from her father's family, and the last two coming from her husband. In addition, some of these names may be made of more than one word, so that a full feminine name can have more than 12 words. For instance, the name "Maria do Carmo Mão de Ferro e Cunha de Almeida Santa Rita Santos Abreu" would not be surprising in a married woman. For practicality, usually only the last surname (excluding prepositions) is used in formal greetings. <ref name=Port>"Portuguese names', in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name, accessed 21 February 2021.</ref> | ||
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*From the mid 20th century onward, individuals tended to include their last (father's) surname in formal settings.<ref>Collaborators of Wikipedia, "Portuguese name," in ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name. Visited 23 June 2017.</ref> | *From the mid 20th century onward, individuals tended to include their last (father's) surname in formal settings.<ref>Collaborators of Wikipedia, "Portuguese name," in ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_name. Visited 23 June 2017.</ref> | ||
*Prepositions that can be used in Portuguese surnames are '''da, das, do, dos and de''', such as in Maria da Cunha, José das Neves, Joana do Rosário, Luís dos Santos, Gabriela de Sousa, etc. and mean "from" or "of." Da, dos, etc. are contractions of the preposition de and a definite article (o, as, etc.), meaning "from the" or "of the." The current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case.<ref name=Port/> | *Prepositions that can be used in Portuguese surnames are '''da, das, do, dos and de''', such as in Maria da Cunha, José das Neves, Joana do Rosário, Luís dos Santos, Gabriela de Sousa, etc. and mean "from" or "of." Da, dos, etc. are contractions of the preposition de and a definite article (o, as, etc.), meaning "from the" or "of the." The current convention in Portuguese is that they be written in lower case.<ref name=Port/> | ||
===Surname | ===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ||
'''As Immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways.''' | '''As Immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways.''' | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
*Most of the time the surname spelling changed to | *Most of the time the surname spelling changed to accommodate the '''different phonetic spelling in the English language'''. In other words, the recorder tried to write the name the way he heard it. | ||
*Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | *Surnames may also have been translated outright into English, sometimes with a slight twist. | ||
*Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time '''using English-language equivalents when dealing with local government, census takers, and other English speakers.''' | *Within the community, such as the local parish, immigrants may continue to use the original name, while at the same time '''using English-language equivalents when dealing with local government, census takers, and other English speakers.''' | ||
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==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
**{{ | *[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | ||
**{{ | *[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Portuguese_Naming_Conventions '''Portuguese Naming Conventions, WikiTree'''] | ||
*Additional sources are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | |||
**{{FSC|Portugal - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=701960761|disp= Portugal - Names, Personal}} | |||
**{{FSC|Portugal - Names, Personal - Dictionaries|subject|subject-id=1212431456|disp= Portugal - Names, Personal - Dictionaries}} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Portugal]] | [[Category:Portugal]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
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