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{{Pakistan | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Pakistan | |||
|Name=Pakistan | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
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| link1=[[Pakistan Genealogy|Pakistan]] | | link1=[[Pakistan Genealogy|Pakistan]] | ||
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| link5=[[Pakistan Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | | link5=[[Pakistan Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
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|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | |[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | ||
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''Prior to 1947, Pakistan was part of British India. For emigration and immigration information, history, and | |<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''Prior to 1947, Pakistan was part of British India. For emigration and immigration information, history, and links to records prior to 1947, go to [[India Emigration and Immigration]].'''</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Online Records For India Including Pakistan== | ==Online Records For India Including Pakistan== | ||
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*[http://immigrants.byu.edu/search/simple Immigrant Ancestors Project] | *[http://immigrants.byu.edu/search/simple Immigrant Ancestors Project] | ||
*'''1676-1917''' [http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=INDE French Overseas National Archives, India, 1676-1917], index. | *'''1676-1917''' [http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=INDE French Overseas National Archives, India, 1676-1917], index. | ||
*'''1702-1830''' | *'''1702-1830''' {{FSC|733538|item|disp=Records relating to Europeans in India, 1702-1830}}, images | ||
*'''1740-1948''' | *'''1740-1948''' {{FSC|775507|item|disp=Bonds and agreements for overseas civil servants, 1740-1948}}, images | ||
*'''1746-1939''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61468/ UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939] at Ancestry ($) | *'''1746-1939''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61468/ UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1746-1939] at Ancestry - index & images ($). | ||
*'''1749-1857''' | *'''1749-1857''' {{FSC|704399|item|disp=Applications and petitions for employment in the India Company's overseas civil service, 1749-1857}}, images | ||
*'''1801-1871''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/naturalisation-case-papers-1801-1871/ Naturalisation case papers 1801-1871], index | *'''1801-1871''' [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/naturalisation-case-papers-1801-1871/ Naturalisation case papers 1801-1871], index & images. Individuals applying to become British citizens between 1801 and 1871. | ||
*'''1810-1811, 1826-1869''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1587/ England, Alien Arrivals, 1810-1811, 1826-1869] at Ancestry ($) | *'''1810-1811, 1826-1869''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1587/ England, Alien Arrivals, 1810-1811, 1826-1869] at Ancestry - index & images ($). | ||
*'''1807-1812''' | *'''1807-1812''' {{FSC|326764|item|disp=List of passengers proceeding from St. Helena to England, 1807-1812}} at FamilySearch Catalog; images only. Includes passengers passing through St. Helena from India and China to England. | ||
*'''1860-1872''' | *'''1860-1872''' {{FSC|308023|item|disp=Indian immigration into Natal, 1860-1872}} at FamilySearch Catalog; index & images | ||
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry ($), index. | *'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry ($), index. | ||
*'''1879-1916''' | *'''1879-1916''' {{FSC|301940|item|disp=Indian immigration passes, 1879-1916}} at FamilySearch Catalog; images only | ||
*'''1879-1919''' | *'''1879-1919''' {{FSC|301932|item|disp=Plantation register of Indian immigrants, 1879-1919}} at FamilySearch Catalog; images only | ||
*'''1879-1916''' [https://www.nla.gov.au/research-guides/indian-emigration-passes-to-fiji-1879-1916 Indian emigration to Fiji 1879-1916] | *'''1879-1916''' [https://www.nla.gov.au/research-guides/indian-emigration-passes-to-fiji-1879-1916 Indian emigration to Fiji 1879-1916] | ||
*'''1879-1916''' [http://archivesfiji.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Indian-Immigration-Pass-list.pdf Indian Indentured Labour, 1879 – 1916] The introduction Indian Indentured Labour was an important chapter in Fiji’s development. Over a period of 37 years (1875 – 1916), 87 ships brought over 60,538 labourers to work on local plantations. | *'''1879-1916''' [http://archivesfiji.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Indian-Immigration-Pass-list.pdf Indian Indentured Labour, 1879 – 1916] The introduction Indian Indentured Labour was an important chapter in Fiji’s development. Over a period of 37 years (1875 – 1916), 87 ships brought over 60,538 labourers to work on local plantations. | ||
*'''1890-1947''' | *'''1890-1947''' {{FSC|4231197|item|disp=India, civil registration of births and deaths of British citizens}} | ||
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel+%26+migration&sid=101&destinationcountry= | *'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel+%26+migration&sid=101&destinationcountry=pakistan Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1899-1922''' | *'''1899-1922''' {{FSC|301936|item|disp=Register of deaths of Indian immigration (by plantation), 1899-1922}} at FamilySearch Catalog; index & images | ||
*'''1904-1914''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-30240/germany-bremen-passenger-departure-lists-1904-1914?s=252295941 Germany, Bremen Passenger Departure Lists, 1904-1914] at MyHeritage | *'''1904-1914''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-30240/germany-bremen-passenger-departure-lists-1904-1914?s=252295941 Germany, Bremen Passenger Departure Lists, 1904-1914] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of India | ||
====Hindu Pilgrimage Records==== | |||
*{{FSC|Pakistan, Punjab - Hindu records|subject|subject-id=1482162688|disp=Pakistan, Punjab - Hindu records}} | |||
Hindu pilgrimage records kept by a Pandit for Punjab in India and Pakistan. Registers are arranged by "caste". They contain native place, names of family members, the last occasion on which a family member came to this place of pilgrimage and made an entry in the register, the ceremony performed at the time and offering made to the priest. No women are mentioned unless their deaths are referred to indirectly. | |||
====Almanacs and Directories==== | ====Almanacs and Directories==== | ||
At the back of the '''Bombay Calendar and Almanac''' and the '''Madras Almanac''', there are lists of '''shipping departures from India''' to various ports in England. The lists include the '''name of the British passengers''' and notes the presence of a native servant. However, they do not usually give the name of the servant. Occasionally free native passengers may be named. Published lists of passages to and from India are also included in the '''Bengal Directory of 1815-59'''. | At the back of the '''Bombay Calendar and Almanac''' and the '''Madras Almanac''', there are lists of '''shipping departures from India''' to various ports in England. The lists include the '''name of the British passengers''' and notes the presence of a native servant. However, they do not usually give the name of the servant. Occasionally free native passengers may be named. Published lists of passages to and from India are also included in the '''Bengal Directory of 1815-59'''. | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
*[https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Directories_online#Bengal_Directory '''Links to the Bengal Directory'''] | *[https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Directories_online#Bengal_Directory '''Links to the Bengal Directory'''] | ||
===Offices and Archives to Contact=== | ===Offices and Archives to Contact=== | ||
====The British Library, India Office==== | ====The British Library, India Office==== | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
===== | |||
==Finding the Town of Origin in Pakistan== | |||
* | If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Pakistan, see [[Pakistan Finding Town of Origin|'''Pakistan Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | ||
* | ==Pakistan Emigration and Immigration== | ||
* | <span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br> | ||
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | |||
===Partition of India=== | |||
*Following the '''partition of India''', massive population exchanges occurred between the two newly formed nations, spanning several months. Based on the 1951 census, immediately after the partition 7.226 million '''Muslims''' migrated from '''India to Pakistan''', while 7.249 million '''Hindus''' and Sikhs moved from '''Pakistan to India'''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India Partition of India] | |||
===Immigration to Pakistan=== | |||
[[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]] | |||
*As of 2009, '''only 2.1%''' of the population of Pakistan had foreign origins. However, the number of immigrants population in Pakistan recently grew sharply. | |||
*Immigrants from '''South Asia''' make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Pakistan. The largest immigrant group in Pakistan is '''Bangladeshis, followed by Afghans, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Indians, Sri Lankan, Burmese and Britons including a sizeable number of those of Pakistani origin'''. | |||
*Other expatriate communities in Pakistan are '''Armenians, Australians, Iranians, Turks, Iraqis, Chinese, Americans, previously Bosnian refugees, and many others'''. | |||
*Migrants from different countries of Arab world, especially '''Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, are in the thousands'''. | |||
*Nearly all illegal migrants in Pakistan are '''Muslim refugees''', and they are accepted by the local population. There is no political support or legislation to deport these refugees from Pakistan. | |||
*There were 200 settlements of '''Bengali-speaking people''' in Pakistan, of which 132 are in Karachi. They are found in various areas of Pakistan such as Thatta, Badin, Hyderabad, Tando Adam and Lahore. Experts say that the migration of both Bengalis and Burmese (Rohingya) to Pakistan started in the 1980s and continued until 1998. | |||
*Large scale '''Rohingya''' migration to Karachi made Karachi one of the largest population centres of Rohingyas in the world after Myanmar. | |||
*The '''Burmese community''' of Karachi is spread out over 60 slums in Karachi such as the Burmi Colony in Korangi, Arakanabad, Machchar colony, Bilal colony, Ziaul Haq Colony and Godhra Camp. | |||
*Thousands of '''Uyghur Muslims''' have also migrated to the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, fleeing religious and cultural persecution in Xinjiang, China.<ref>"Immigration to Pakistan", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan, accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> | |||
===Emigration From Pakistan=== | ===Emigration From Pakistan=== | ||
*From 1842 to 1857, a small number of '''immigrants from Punjab, Sindh and Kashmir''' began arriving in the '''British Isles as employees of the British East India Company''', typically as lashkars and sailors in '''British port cities'''. | *From 1842 to 1857, a small number of '''immigrants from Punjab, Sindh and Kashmir''' began arriving in the '''British Isles as employees of the British East India Company''', typically as lashkars and sailors in '''British port cities'''. | ||
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*During the 1970s and 80s, there was a rising wave of international migration to '''Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or Libya.''' The majority of migrants were young males who would seek work abroad while families would remain back in Pakistan. | *During the 1970s and 80s, there was a rising wave of international migration to '''Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or Libya.''' The majority of migrants were young males who would seek work abroad while families would remain back in Pakistan. | ||
*During the 1960s and 1970s, the remaining '''Pakistani Jewish community''' of 2000 began emigrating to '''Israel''' and settled in Ramla. | *During the 1960s and 1970s, the remaining '''Pakistani Jewish community''' of 2000 began emigrating to '''Israel''' and settled in Ramla. | ||
*Today over 7.6 million Pakistanis live abroad, with an estimated 4 million Pakistanis in the '''Persian Gulf region'''. The expatriate labor force in the Persian Gulf has, however, followed what might be called a '''"circulating work force" pattern'''. Workers come in, work for a few years during which they periodically visit Pakistan for short or long breaks, and finally return permanently. | *Today over 7.6 million Pakistanis live abroad, with an estimated 4 million Pakistanis in the '''Persian Gulf region'''. The expatriate labor force in the Persian Gulf has, however, followed what might be called a '''"circulating work force" pattern'''. Workers come in, work for a few years during which they periodically visit Pakistan for short or long breaks, and finally return permanently.<ref>"Overseas Pakistani", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani, accessed 8 July 2021.</ref> | ||
Population of Pakistanis abroad, by country, according to the 2017-18 Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Yearbook, or other estimates | |||
====Overseas Pakistani Population<ref>"Overseas Pakistani:Population by Country", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani#Population_by_country, accessed 8 July 2021.</ref>==== | |||
This list includes the countries with populations above 20,000. There are numerous additional countries with smaller populations. See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani#Population_by_country '''Overseas Pakistani:Population by Country, in Wikipedia'''] for the full chart.<br> | |||
Population of Pakistanis abroad, by country, according to the 2017-18 Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development Yearbook, or other estimates:<br> | |||
{| | {| | ||
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*Oman: 231,685 | *Oman: 231,685 | ||
*Bahrain: 117,000 | *Bahrain: 117,000 | ||
*Kuwait:109,853 | *Kuwait: 109,853 | ||
*Malaysia:59,281 | *Malaysia: 59,281 | ||
*Iran: 40,000<br> | *Iran: 40,000<br> | ||
'''Americas'''<br> | '''Americas'''<br> | ||
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*South Africa: 250,000 | *South Africa: 250,000 | ||
'''Oceania'''<br> | '''Oceania'''<br> | ||
*Australia:64,346 | *Australia: 64,346 | ||
|style="vertical-align:top"| | |style="vertical-align:top"| | ||
'''Europe'''<br> | '''Europe'''<br> | ||
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*Netherlands: 23,855 | *Netherlands: 23,855 | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Records of Pakistani Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | |||
{| | |||
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|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Emigration/Immigration articles for additional destination countries can be found in the Wiki Category: [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Emigration and Immigration Records'''.]</span> | |||
|} | |||
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|style="padding-right:75px"| | |||
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Saudi Arabia Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[United Arab Emirates Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Kuwait Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Malaysia Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Iran Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
|style="padding-right:75px"| | |||
*[[Oman Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Bahrain Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[South Africa Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Australia Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[England Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Scotland Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Italy Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
|style="padding-right:75px"| | |||
*[[France Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Spain Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Germany Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Norway Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Greece Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Denmark Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
*[[Netherlands Emigration and Immigration]] | |||
|} | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
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