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==How to Find the Records== | ==How to Find the Records== | ||
Oklahoma, being entirely inland, has no seaports. Immigrants would have initially arrived at a port on the coast. To search those records, see [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|'''United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records.''']] | |||
===Online Resources=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
*'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_oklahoma-usa_39&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry | *'''1500s-1900s''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7486/?arrival=_oklahoma-usa_39&count=50 All U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s] at Ancestry - index only ($); ''Also at [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10017/passenger-immigration-lists-1500-1900?s=1&formId=pili&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar MyHeritage]''; index only ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
*'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage | *'''1895-1956''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10942/united-states-border-crossings-from-canada-1895-1956?s=1&formId=collection_10942:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar&qevents=List United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956] at MyHeritage - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
====Cultural Groups==== | ====Cultural Groups==== | ||
*'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage | *'''1920-1939''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10924/germany-bremen-emigration-lists-1920-1939?s=1&formId=collection_10924:searchFormDef&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=master,immigration&p=1&qevents-event1=Event+et.any+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar&qevents=List Germany, Bremen Emigration Lists, 1920-1939] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10019/germans-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Germans Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10030/italians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Italians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
*[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage | *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.Oklahoma+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage - index only ($); includes those with Destination of Oklahoma | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/254014-the-germans-from-russia-in-oklahoma?offset=1 The Germans from Russia in Oklahoma], e-book | |||
==== Passport Records Online ==== | ==== Passport Records Online ==== | ||
*'''1795-1925''' | *'''1795-1925''' {{RecordSearch|2185145|United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925}} at FamilySearch - [[United States, Passport Applications - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images | ||
*'''1795-1925''' | *'''1795-1925''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925] Index and images, at Ancestry ($) | ||
===Offices to Contact=== | ===Offices to Contact=== | ||
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
=== Indian Migrations === | === Indian Migrations === | ||
*The '''Caddo, Pawnee, and Wichita''' tribes were living in the area of Oklahoma in the 1700s. | |||
*About the time the United States acquired the area through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, other tribes such as the '''Quapaw, Oto, and Osage''' migrated to eastern Oklahoma. | |||
*In the early part of the 19th century, the U.S. government forced a significant number of the '''Five Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek (Muscogee), and Seminole)''' to Indian Territory to the Oklahoma Territory.<ref>"Five Civilized Tribes", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes, accessed 8 April 2021.</ref> | |||
*After the Civil War, many other tribes from throughout the United States were forcefully or by treaty moved off their lands and settled in Oklahoma. | |||
*There were about 80,000 Indians in Oklahoma in 1860, when the entire area was known as the '''Indian Territory'''. | |||
*In 1924, all Indians in the Indian Territory were declared citizens of the United States. | |||
<br> | |||
See [[Oklahoma Online Genealogy Records|'''Oklahoma Online Genealogy Records:Indigenous Peoples'''.]] | |||
After the Civil War, | ===Non-Indian Settlers === | ||
*Only a few thousand non-Indians lived in the Territory before 1889. | |||
*After the Civil War, a few people from the South moved into the Indian Territory. Anyone wishing to live in this area needed permission from the Indians, but some white settlers tried to move into the Territory without permission. | |||
*A mining boom in the 1870s brought Europeans into the Choctaw Nation (present-day southeastern Oklahoma). Descendants of '''Italian, Slavic, Greek, Welsh, Polish, and Russian miners''' still live in that area. | |||
*Between 1878 and 1885, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomers_(Oklahoma_settlers) '''“Boomers”'''] (other white settlers) tried unsuccessfully to take over Indian lands. | |||
*In 1889 the “Unassigned Lands” (land not assigned to Indian tribes) in central Indian Territory were opened for settlement by non-Indians. This created the first of the famous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rush_of_1889 '''Oklahoma land runs'''] (see [[Oklahoma Land and Property|Land and Property]]). Approximately 50,000 settlers came the first year. | |||
*Another run in 1893 brought 100,000 settlers, mostly to the “Cherokee Outlet” (northwestern Oklahoma). | |||
*The '''land runs''' brought homesteaders from '''China, Japan, Mexico, England, France, and Canada, as well as from nearly every state'''. People from the southern states settled mostly in eastern and southern counties, while people from northern states favored the northern and western sections. | |||
*Wheat farming attracted '''German Mennonites and Czechs''' to the northwestern counties. | |||
*'''Mexicans''' also worked as railroad laborers, ranch hands, and coal miners before statehood. | |||
*Between 1907 and 1920, the '''discovery of oil''' brought many people from '''other oil-producing areas and from the Midwest'''. | |||
*The population of the state reached about 2,400,000 by 1930. | |||
*The drought and the Great Depression of the 1930s caused thousands of farmers to move to urban areas or migrate west to California. | |||
==Immigration Records== | |||
'''Immigration''' refers to people coming into a country. '''Emigration''' refers to people leaving a country to go to another. Immigration records usually take the form of ship's '''passenger lists''' collected at the port of entry. See [[Oklahoma Emigration and Immigration#Online Resources|'''Online Resources'''.]] Again, immigrants would have initially arrived at a port on the coast. To search those records, see [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records|'''United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records.''']] | |||
===What can I find in them?=== | |||
====[[Oklahoma Emigration and Immigration #Online Resources|Information in Passenger Lists]]==== | |||
*'''Before 1820''' - Passenger lists before 1820 included '''name, departure information and arrival details'''. The names of wives and children were often not included. | |||
*'''1820-1891''' - Customs Passenger Lists between 1820 and 1891 asked for '''each immigrant’s name, their age, their sex, their occupation, and their country of origin''', but not the city or town of origin. | |||
*'''1891-1954''' - Information given on passenger lists from 1891 to 1954 included: | |||
**name, age, sex, | |||
**nationality, occupation, marital status, | |||
**last residence, final destination in the U.S., | |||
**whether they had been to the U.S. before (and if so, when, where and how long), | |||
**if joining a relative, who this person was, where they lived, and their relationship, | |||
**whether able to read and write, | |||
**whether in possession of a train ticket to their final destination, who paid for the passage, | |||
**amount of money the immigrant had in their possession, | |||
**whether the passenger had ever been in prison, a poorhouse, or in an institution for the insane, | |||
**whether the passenger was a polygamist, | |||
**and immigrant's state of health. | |||
*'''1906--''' - In 1906, the '''physical description and place of birth''' were included, and a year later, the '''name and address of the passenger’s closest living relative in the country of origin''' was included. | |||
====[[Oklahoma Emigration and Immigration#Passport Records Online|Information in Passports]] ==== | |||
Over the years, passports and passport applications contained different amounts of information about the passport applicant. The first passports that are available begin in 1795. These usually contained the individual's name, description of individual, and age. More information was required on later passport applications, such as: | |||
*Birthplace | |||
*Birth date | |||
*Naturalization information | |||
*Arrival information, if foreign born | |||
==In-country Migration== | |||
=== Oklahoma Migration Routes === | |||
[[Arkansas River]]{{·}} [[Butterfield Overland Mail]]{{·}} [[Canadian River]]{{·}} [[Cimmaron River|Cimarron River]]{{·}} [[Red River]]{{·}} [[Chisholm Trail]]{{·}} [[Santa Fe Trail]]{{·}} [[Atlantic and Pacific Railroad]]{{·}} [[St. Louis–San Francisco Railway]]{{·}} [[Texas and Pacific Railway]] | |||
= | *[https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=OK008 '''Okie Migrations'''] | ||
*[http://www.city-data.com/states/Oklahoma-Migration.html '''Oklahoma Migration'''] | |||
* | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*Oklahoma | The FamilySearch Library has additional sources listed in their catalog: | ||
*{{FSC|United States, Oklahoma - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1777839774|disp=United States, Oklahoma - Emigration and immigration}} | |||
=== | *{{FSC|United States, Oklahoma - Minorities|subject|subject-id=1502559093|disp=United States, Oklahoma - Minorities}} | ||
*{{FSC|United States, Oklahoma - Minorities - Indexes|subject|subject-id=1209993576|disp=United States, Oklahoma - Minorities - Indexes}} | |||
*{{FSC|United States, Oklahoma - Indigenous peoples|subject|subject-id=1417213729|disp=United States, Oklahoma - Native races}} | |||
*{{FSC|United States, Oklahoma - Indigenous peoples - Genealogy|subject|subject-id=1466563187|disp=United States, Oklahoma - Native races - Genealogy}} | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
{{Oklahoma|Oklahoma}} | {{Oklahoma|Oklahoma}} | ||
[[Category:Oklahoma, United States]][[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration|1]] | [[Category:Oklahoma, United States]][[Category:United States Emigration and Immigration|1]] | ||
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