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{{Netherlands | {{CountrySidebar | ||
| link1=[[ | |Country=Netherlands | ||
|Name=Netherlands | |||
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|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Naming Customs | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
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| link1=[[Netherlands Genealogy|Netherlands]] | |||
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| link5=[[Netherlands | | link5=[[Netherlands Naming Customs|Naming Customs]] | ||
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<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Netherlands Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div> | <div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Netherlands Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div> | ||
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==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/dutch-handwriting/tools/names/general '''BYU Script Tutorial List of Dutch Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://script.byu.edu/ | *[https://script.byu.edu/dutch-handwriting/tools/names/general '''BYU Script Tutorial List of Dutch Given Names'''] | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/names-in-belgium-and-the-netherlands Names in Belgium and the Netherlands] | |||
*[http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/nfb/index.php?taal=eng '''Netherlands Surname Database and Distribution Map'''] 300,000 surnames of all persons with the Dutch nationality, who lived in the Netherlands in the year 2007. Also included are about 110,000 family names registered at the census from 1947. | *[http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/nfb/index.php?taal=eng '''Netherlands Surname Database and Distribution Map'''] 300,000 surnames of all persons with the Dutch nationality, who lived in the Netherlands in the year 2007. Also included are about 110,000 family names registered at the census from 1947. | ||
*[https://www.surnamemap.eu/netherlands/index.php '''Netherlands Surname Distribution Map'''] | |||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/dutch '''Behind the Name: Dutch Surnames'''] | |||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/dutch '''Behind the Name: Dutch Given Names'''] | |||
*{{FSC|103656|item|disp='''Słownik imion'''}} (Dictionary of names). Names are listed alphabetically by the Polish name, as the author is Polish. An index at the back gives the Polish form of each name. Use that name to find the 23 translations in the main list. | |||
*Frisian names are used in Friesland in the northern Netherlands. | |||
:*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/frisian '''Behind the Name: Frisian Surnames'''] | |||
:*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/frisian '''Behind the Name: Frisian Given Names'''] | |||
*Limburgish names are used in the Limburg region, which straddles the border between Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. | |||
:*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/limburgish '''Behind the Name: Limburgish Surnames'''] | |||
:*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/limburgish '''Behind the Name: Limburgish Given Names'''] | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
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===Patronymics=== | ===Patronymics=== | ||
Although most people had family surnames before 1811, the use of patronymics was common, including for those with established last names. The oldest form used the possessive of the father's name along with the word for son or daughter. Examples would be a boy born to Jan being named Pieter Janszoon while his daughter might be named Geertje Jansdochter. These forms were commonly shortened, to Janszn./Jansz and Jansdr., or to Jansse, and finally to Jans which could be used for both male or female children. These patronymic names were official and even used on legal documents where inheritances can be seen to pass from father to son with different "last names".<ref name="dutchname"/> | Although most people had family surnames before 1811, the use of patronymics was common, including for those with established last names. The oldest form used the possessive of the father's name along with the word for son or daughter. Examples would be a boy born to Jan being named Pieter Janszoon while his daughter might be named Geertje Jansdochter. These forms were commonly shortened, to Janszn./Jansz and Jansdr., or to Jansse, and finally to Jans which could be used for both male or female children. These patronymic names were official and even used on legal documents where inheritances can be seen to pass from father to son with different "last names".<ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
=== Name adoption records (''Naamsaanneming registers'') === | === Name adoption records (''Naamsaanneming registers'') === | ||
Patronymic surnames were common in several provinces prior to 1811. After that all citizens were required to adopt a fixed surname. '''''Naamsaanneming registers''''' are used to determine prior naming patterns. | Patronymic surnames were common in several provinces prior to 1811. After that all citizens were required to adopt a fixed surname. '''''Naamsaanneming registers''''' are used to determine prior naming patterns. | ||
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*The high Middle Ages, when Germanic-based personal names were losing ground to '''non-native holy names'''. (High Middle Ages until the Early Modern era) | *The high Middle Ages, when Germanic-based personal names were losing ground to '''non-native holy names'''. (High Middle Ages until the Early Modern era) | ||
*A period of stability, when a very '''strong naming habit emerged'''. (Early Modern era–1960s) | *A period of stability, when a very '''strong naming habit emerged'''. (Early Modern era–1960s) | ||
*The post-World War II period, characterised by '''previously unknown personal names'''. (1960s–present)<ref name="dutchname"> | *The post-World War II period, characterised by '''previously unknown personal names'''. (1960s–present) <ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
===Germanic period=== | ===Germanic period=== | ||
*The Germanic names are the names with the longest history in the Dutch-speaking area; they form the oldest layer of the given names known in Dutch. The Germanic names were characterised by a rich diversity, as there were many possible combinations. A Germanic name is '''composed of two parts, the latter of which also indicates the gender of the person'''. A name like Adelbert or Albert is composed of "adel" (meaning "noble") and "bert" which is derived from "beracht" (meaning "bright" or "shining") hence the name means something in the order of "Bright/Shining through noble behaviour"; the English name "Albright", now only seen as a surname, is a cognate with the same origin. | *The Germanic names are the names with the longest history in the Dutch-speaking area; they form the oldest layer of the given names known in Dutch. The Germanic names were characterised by a rich diversity, as there were many possible combinations. A Germanic name is '''composed of two parts, the latter of which also indicates the gender of the person'''. A name like Adelbert or Albert is composed of "adel" (meaning "noble") and "bert" which is derived from "beracht" (meaning "bright" or "shining") hence the name means something in the order of "Bright/Shining through noble behaviour"; the English name "Albright", now only seen as a surname, is a cognate with the same origin. | ||
*Combining these parts was used when the child was named after family or other relatives. For example, the child would receive two parts from different family members, in this way a father named "Hildebrant" and a mother called "Gertrud" would call their son "Gerbrant" and their daughter "Hiltrud".<ref name="dutchname"> | *Combining these parts was used when the child was named after family or other relatives. For example, the child would receive two parts from different family members, in this way a father named "Hildebrant" and a mother called "Gertrud" would call their son "Gerbrant" and their daughter "Hiltrud". <ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
===Medieval names=== | ===Medieval names=== | ||
*Through the course of the Middle Ages names '''derived from Christian Saints''' became more common than Germanic ones. From the 12th century onwards it became custom for the child to receive a Christian name, although some names of Germanic origin like Gertrude and Hubertus remained prevalent as these too became names of Christian saints. In these times typical Dutch names such as "Kees" (Cornelis), "Jan" (Johannes) and "Piet" (Petrus) emerged. | *Through the course of the Middle Ages names '''derived from Christian Saints''' became more common than Germanic ones. From the 12th century onwards it became custom for the child to receive a Christian name, although some names of Germanic origin like Gertrude and Hubertus remained prevalent as these too became names of Christian saints. In these times typical Dutch names such as "Kees" (Cornelis), "Jan" (Johannes) and "Piet" (Petrus) emerged. | ||
*When the conversion was made from Germanic to Christian names, most parents just picked a name they liked best or would be most helpful in their child's later life, for example if the child would come from a butcher's family and he himself would one day become a butcher, the child would probably be called after "Sint Joris" (the Dutch name for "Saint George"), the patron saint of the butchers.<ref name="dutchname"> | *When the conversion was made from Germanic to Christian names, most parents just picked a name they liked best or would be most helpful in their child's later life, for example if the child would come from a butcher's family and he himself would one day become a butcher, the child would probably be called after "Sint Joris" (the Dutch name for "Saint George"), the patron saint of the butchers.<ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
===Stability: Naming Pattern=== | ===Stability: Naming Pattern=== | ||
The Dutch habit of naming newborns after another family member originates with a then-widespread superstition that the name in some way contributed to some form of reincarnation of the person the child was named after, who was usually much older. As the centuries passed, this practice became so standard that the names of the children were practically known at the marriage of the future parents. The rules for naming were the following: | The Dutch habit of naming newborns after another family member originates with a then-widespread superstition that the name in some way contributed to some form of reincarnation of the person the child was named after, who was usually much older. As the centuries passed, this practice became so standard that the names of the children were practically known at the marriage of the future parents. The rules for naming were the following: | ||
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*If a son had died before his next brother was born, this younger brother was usually given the same name. The same goes for a daughter. | *If a son had died before his next brother was born, this younger brother was usually given the same name. The same goes for a daughter. | ||
*When the father died before the birth of a son, the son was usually named after him. | *When the father died before the birth of a son, the son was usually named after him. | ||
*When the mother died at the birth of a daughter, the daughter was usually named after the mother.<ref name="dutchname"> | *When the mother died at the birth of a daughter, the daughter was usually named after the mother.<ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
===Post-World War II period (1945–present)=== | ===Post-World War II period (1945–present)=== | ||
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*After the war, the Dutch became less religious. Thus the Christian name and given name started to diverge, as personal names of foreign origin were adopted. In some cases these names are written more or less phonetically, for example Sjaak (French Jacques, English Jack) and Sjaan (French Jeanne). | *After the war, the Dutch became less religious. Thus the Christian name and given name started to diverge, as personal names of foreign origin were adopted. In some cases these names are written more or less phonetically, for example Sjaak (French Jacques, English Jack) and Sjaan (French Jeanne). | ||
*Working-class names Jan, Piet and Klaas (the Dutch proverbial equivalent to "Tom, Dick and Harry") were often replaced by middle-class Hans, Peter and Nico. | *Working-class names Jan, Piet and Klaas (the Dutch proverbial equivalent to "Tom, Dick and Harry") were often replaced by middle-class Hans, Peter and Nico. | ||
*Also, the urge to name children after their grandparents lessened dramatically.<ref name="dutchname"> | *Also, the urge to name children after their grandparents lessened dramatically.<ref name="dutchname"/> | ||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
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*More books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | *More books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
**{{ | **{{FSC|Netherlands - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=1156472153|disp= Netherlands - Names, Personal}} | ||
**{{ | **{{FSC|Netherlands - Names, Personal - Dictionaries|subject|subject-id=1153206642|disp= Netherlands - Names, Personal - Dictionaries}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Netherlands_Language_and_Handwriting]] | [[Category:Netherlands_Language_and_Handwriting]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
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