Elliealiese (talk | contribs) |
(Corrected subject vs. keywords lookups for FSC.) |
||
| (14 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Lithuania | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Lithuania | |||
|Name=Lithuania | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Naming Customs | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Lithuania Genealogy|Lithuania]] | | link1=[[Lithuania Genealogy|Lithuania]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| link3= | | link3= | ||
| link4= | | link4= | ||
| link5=[[Lithuania | | link5=[[Lithuania Naming Customs|Naming Customs]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 15: | Line 21: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Online Tools== | ==Online Tools== | ||
*'''[http://pavardes.lki.lt/?pg=english Lietuviu Pavardes: Online Surname Dictionary]''' | |||
*'''[https://gen.wooyd.org/lt_surnames/ Forms of Lithuanian Surnames: convert between masculine and feminine married and single surname forms]''' | |||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/lithuanian '''Behind the Name: Lithuanian Surnames'''] | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/lithuanian '''Behind the Name: Lithuanian Surnames'''] | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/lithuanian '''Behind the Name: Lithuanian Given Names'''] | *[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/lithuanian '''Behind the Name: Lithuanian Given Names'''] | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
| Line 33: | Line 42: | ||
* The suffixes -''utė'' or ''-iūtėare'' are added to the root if the masculine suffix is ''-us'' or ''-ius''. | * The suffixes -''utė'' or ''-iūtėare'' are added to the root if the masculine suffix is ''-us'' or ''-ius''. | ||
* The suffix -''ytė'' is added to the root if the masculine suffix is -''is'', -''ys'', or -''ė.'' | * The suffix -''ytė'' is added to the root if the masculine suffix is -''is'', -''ys'', or -''ė.'' | ||
You can use the '''[https://gen.wooyd.org/lt_surnames/ Forms of Lithuanian Surnames converter]''' to easily determine the married/unmarried female forms of names. | |||
For additional reading, please see [https://www.lithuaniancatholicancestorsearch.com/--about-forms-of-lithuanian-surnames.html About Forms of Lithuanian Surnames] from Lithuanian Catholic Ancestor Search. | |||
=== Latinization and Polonization of Lithuanian Names === | |||
Although your ancestor may have been ethnically Lithuanian, you may find that their given names and/or surnames have been Latinized or Polonized. Latinization and Polonization refer to the process of converting Lithuanian versions of the name into their Latin or Polish equivalents. This conversion into Latin or Polish versions of the names was usually done by the priest creating the entries in metrical records. | |||
* In Latin language records, ''only given names'' of the individuals mentioned in the records were generally Latinized while surnames were Polonized. | |||
* In Polish language records, both the given name and surname were Polonized. | |||
* In Russian language records, names were replaced with the Polish language equivalents, but then transliterated into the Cyrillic alphabet. These names are simply transliterated Polonized Lithuanian names. | |||
For example, if your Lithuanian ancestors name was Jan Jankauskas, you may find his name recorded as: | |||
* Latin Language record: Joannes Janowski | |||
* Polish Language record: Jan Janowski | |||
* Russian Language record: Ян(ъ) Яновский | |||
When entering the names of your Lithuanian ancestors into your family tree, it's common practice to convert the Latinized/Polonized versions of the name back to the Lithuanian forms. In many ways, it is a reversal of the Polonization process. | |||
For more information, read [https://www.lithuaniancatholicancestorsearch.com/polonization-of-lithuanian-names.html Polonization of Lithuanian Names in the Birth, Marriage, and Death Registers of Lithuanian Roman Catholic Churches.] | |||
===Surnames Historical Development=== | ===Surnames Historical Development=== | ||
*Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as Jonas. | *Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as Jonas. | ||
*As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Jonas became Jonas the | *As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. Jonas became Jonas the blacksmith (Kalvis), Jonas the son of Vasil (Vasiliauskas) Jonas the tall (Aukščionis), or Jonas from Vilnius (Vilniškis). | ||
*At first surnames applied only to one person, not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were passed on from generation to generation. | *At first surnames applied only to one person, not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were passed on from generation to generation. | ||
*Surnames developed from several sources. For example: | *Surnames developed from several sources. For example: | ||
**'''Occupational''' (based on a person’s trade, such as | **'''Occupational''' (based on a person’s trade, such as Kalvis (blacksmith)) | ||
**'''Geographical''' (based on a person’s residence, such as | **'''Geographical''' (based on a person’s residence, such as Kaunaitis) | ||
**'''Patronymic''' (based on a person’s father’s name, such as | **'''Patronymic''' (based on a person’s father’s name, such as the son of Simon (Šimonis)) | ||
**'''Descriptive''' or '''nickname''' (such as Joy | **'''Descriptive''' or '''nickname''' (such as Džiaugys (Joy)) | ||
*The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames. | *The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames. | ||
*'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries. | *'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries. | ||
To read more about the history of surnames, see the article [https://www.lituanus.org/1982_3/82_3_01.htm Lithuanian Names]. | |||
===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ===Surname Changes of Immigrants in the United States=== | ||
'''As immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways. Immigrants often changed their surnames to sound more American. Contrary to popular belief, this change was not made at Ellis Island.''' | '''As immigrants moved into English-speaking countries, their surnames were impacted in a variety of ways. Immigrants often changed their surnames to sound more American. Contrary to popular belief, this change was not made at Ellis Island.''' | ||
| Line 79: | Line 110: | ||
:*Almost all Lithuanian female names end in the vowels -a or -ė. | :*Almost all Lithuanian female names end in the vowels -a or -ė. | ||
*Male names almost always end in -s, and rarely in a vowel -a. If a masculine name ending in -a has a feminine counterpart, it ends in -ė, e.g. Jogaila and Jogailė.<ref>"Lithuanian name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_name, 6 March 2021.</ref> | *Male names almost always end in -s, and rarely in a vowel -a. If a masculine name ending in -a has a feminine counterpart, it ends in -ė, e.g. Jogaila and Jogailė.<ref>"Lithuanian name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_name, 6 March 2021.</ref> | ||
You can read more about given names [http://thelithuanians.com/names/name.html here.] | |||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
| Line 86: | Line 118: | ||
===FamilySearch Library=== | ===FamilySearch Library=== | ||
Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Lithuania - Names, Personal|subject|subject-id=1275014258|disp= Lithuania - Names, Personal}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Lithuania - Names, Personal - Dictionaries|subject|subject-id=1411812779|disp= Lithuania - Names, Personal - Dictionaries}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Lithuania]] [[Category: | [[Category:Lithuania]] [[Category:Naming Customs]] | ||
edits