mNo edit summary |
(Corrected subject vs. keywords lookups for FSC.) |
||
| (43 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Lithuania | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Lithuania | |||
|Name=Lithuania | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Lithuania Genealogy|Lithuania]] | | link1=[[Lithuania Genealogy|Lithuania]] | ||
| link2= | | link2= | ||
| Line 6: | Line 13: | ||
| link5=[[Lithuania Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | | link5=[[Lithuania Emigration and Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Online Sources== | ==Online Sources== | ||
*''' | *'''1940-1941''' {{FSC|252070|item|disp=Stammblätter (Pedigrees), 1940-1941}} by Einwandererzentralstelle (EWZ) (Immigrant Control Office) - images, pedigrees of immigrants from Wartheland-Poland and Lithuania | ||
*''' | <br> | ||
*''' | '''Deportation'''<br> | ||
*''' | *'''1940–1953''' [https://www.lietuviaisibire.lt/lt/represuotieji Database for the Repressed] at Exile and Imprisonment of Luthianian Population in the Soviet Union - index | ||
*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ | <br> | ||
*[ | '''Lithuanians of German Descent'''<br> | ||
*'''1750-1938''' {{FSC|398203|item|disp=Auswanderungskartei der Litauendeutschen, 1750-1938 (Emigration Register of Lithuanian Germans)}}(*) at FamilySearch catalog - Images of index cards | |||
<br> | |||
'''Emigration from Germany'''<br> | |||
*''' | *'''1850-1934''' {{FSC|43289|item|disp=Auswandererlisten, 1850-1934}} (Hamburg passenger lists) at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*''' | *'''1850-1934''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1068 Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934] at Ancestry ($) index & images. | ||
*''' | *'''1855-1924''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1166 Hamburg Passenger Lists, Handwritten Indexes, 1855-1934] at Ancestry ($) images. | ||
*[ | *'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] at Ancestry, free collection - index and images, includes refugees from Central and Eastern European countries | ||
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/hamburg-germany-emigrants Hamburg, Germany Emigrants] at Findmypast ($) index. | |||
<br> | |||
'''Emigration to and Immigration from United Kingdom'''<br> | |||
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel%20%26%20migration&sid=999 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | |||
<br> | |||
'''Immigration to the United States'''<br> | |||
*'''1834-1897''' [http://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=218489221 Russians Immigrating to the United States, 1834-1897] at Ancestry ($) - Includes individuals from Lithuania | |||
*See [[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]] for more resources. | |||
<br> | |||
==Offices and Archives to Contact== | ==Offices and Archives to Contact== | ||
KLAIPĖDA REGIONAL STATE ARCHIVES<br> | |||
Naujoji Uosto 16, LT-92122 <br> | |||
Klaipėda, Lithuania<br> | |||
<br> | |||
Telephone: +370 46 31 45 65<br> | |||
Email: klaipeda@archyvai.lt<br> | |||
:Has some records of the port of Klaipėda, 1924-1931, 1938, 1940-1990 | |||
==Finding the Town of Origin in | ==Finding the Town of Origin in Lithuania== | ||
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in | If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Lithuania, see [[Lithuania Finding Town of Origin|'''Lithuania Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | ||
== | ==Lithuania Emigration and Immigration== | ||
<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br> | <span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br> | ||
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 55: | ||
== | ==Historical Background== | ||
==Emigration From | In the 14th century, the '''Grand Duchy of Lithuania''' was the largest country in Europe; present-day '''Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia''' were all lands of the Grand Duchy. | ||
==Records of | *With the Union of Lublin of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state personal union, the '''Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth'''. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries dismantled it in 1772–1795, '''with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory'''. | ||
*As World War I ended, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, founding the '''modern Republic of Lithuania'''. | |||
*In World War II, Lithuania was '''occupied first by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany'''. | |||
*Towards the end of the war in 1944, when the Germans were retreating, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. Lithuanian armed resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. | |||
*On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania passed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, becoming the first Soviet republic to proclaim its independence.<ref>"Lithuania", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania, accessed 28 July 2021.</ref> | |||
==Emigration From Lithuania== | |||
*Lithuanian diaspora: the majority of post-WWII Lithuanians live in North America '''(Canada and the United States)''' and across Europe '''(France, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Sweden, Netherlands and England)''', but are scattered across '''Russia and the former USSR''', and smaller numbers in '''Mexico and Brazil'''. | |||
*Between 1880 and 1910, over 40,000 Lithuanian Jews immigrated to '''South Africa''' to avoid persecution. To date around 80% of the 75,000 Jews in South Africa (around 60,000) are of Lithuanian descent. | |||
*The Litvins in northern Belarus and westernmost Russia are of ethnic Lithuanian and Baltic origin. | |||
*Large numbers of Lithuanians went to the '''United States''' in 1867–1868 after a famine. | |||
*On 14–18 June 1941, less than a week before the Nazi invasion, some 17,000 Lithuanians were '''deported to Siberia''', where many perished due to inhumane living conditions. | |||
*After the retreat of the German armed forces, the Soviets reestablished their control of Lithuania in July–October 1944. The '''massive deportations to Siberia were resumed''' and lasted until the death of Stalin in 1953. Under the pretext of Lithuania's economic recovery, the '''Moscow authorities encouraged the migration of workers and other specialists to Lithuania''' with the intention to further integrate Lithuania into the Soviet Union and to develop the country's industry. At the same time, '''Lithuanians were lured to work in the USSR''' by promising them all the privileges of settling in a new place.<ref>"List of diasporas", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diasporas#L, accessed 28 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Lithuania", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania, accessed 28 July 2021.</ref> | |||
===Repressed Persons=== | |||
During the Soviet occupation 1940–1953, hundreds of thousands of Lithuanians were deported and imprisoned in camps in Siberia. The Lithuanian Population Genocide and Resistance Research Center compiled a database of these Lithuanians. The database includes names, places of residence, deportation destination, and other information. It can be sorted and searched by name, expeditions, places of detention, and places of exile. Also includes short histories and photographs of places of dentention and exile. | |||
*'''1940–1953''' [https://www.lietuviaisibire.lt/lt/represuotieji Database for the Repressed] at Exile and Imprisonment of Luthianian Population in the Soviet Union - index | |||
===Lithuanians of German Descent=== | |||
The Emigration Register for Lithuanian Germans contains index cards that are arranged alphabetically by surname and given name. It provides genealogical information on Lithuanians of German descent and includes religious persuasion, maiden name, date of birth, children's names and years of birth, place of residence, cross-references to spouses and children, occupation, place of birth, father's name, and date when this information was compiled. | |||
*'''1750-1938''' {{FSC|398203|item|disp=Auswanderungskartei der Litauendeutschen, 1750-1938 (Emigration Register of Lithuanian Germans)}}(*) at FamilySearch catalog - Images of index cards | |||
==Records of Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | |||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | |[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | ||
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to immigration records for major destination countries below.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.] </span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {| | ||
| Line 47: | Line 93: | ||
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[France Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Germany Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Ireland Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Poland Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Sweden Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
| | | | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Netherlands Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[England Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Russia Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Mexico Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Brazil Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[South Africa Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
*[[ Emigration and Immigration]] | *[[Belarus Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Lithuania - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=970843188|disp=Lithuania - Emigration and immigration}} | ||
*{{FSC|Lithuania - Minorities|subject|subject-id=852433375|disp=Lithuania - Minorities}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
edits