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|Name=Lebanon | |Name=Lebanon | ||
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|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |Records=Emigration and Immigration | ||
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| link1=[[Lebanon Genealogy|Lebanon]] | |||
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== Online Records == | == Online Records == | ||
*'''1869-1883''' | *'''1869-1883''' {{FSC|1935884|item|disp=Passports (1869-1883); Registros del Consulado Español en Trípoli, Libia, Consulado Español (Tripoli, Lebanon)}}, images | ||
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | *'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/ UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel+%26+migration&sid=101&destinationcountry=lebanon Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Lebanon | *'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel+%26+migration&sid=101&destinationcountry=lebanon Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($); includes those with Destination of Lebanon | ||
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If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Lebanon, see [[Lebanon Finding Town of Origin|'''Lebanon Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Lebanon, see [[Lebanon Finding Town of Origin|'''Lebanon Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | ||
==Lebanon Emigration and Immigration== | ==Lebanon Emigration and Immigration== | ||
"Emigration" means moving out of a country. "Immigration" means moving into a country. <br> | |||
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. So | Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. So | ||
==Immigration: Refugees== | ==Immigration: Refugees== | ||
*In May 1948, Lebanon supported neighboring Arab countries in a war against Israel. 100,000 '''Palestinians''' fled to Lebanon because of the war. Israel did not permit their return after the cease-fire. As of 2017 between 174,000 and 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon with about half in refugee camps. | *In May 1948, Lebanon supported neighboring Arab countries in a war against Israel. 100,000 '''Palestinians''' fled to Lebanon because of the war. Israel did not permit their return after the cease-fire. As of 2017 between 174,000 and 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon with about half in refugee camps. | ||
*In 2012, the '''Syrian civil war''' threatened to spill over in Lebanon, causing more incidents of sectarian violence and armed clashes between Sunnis and Alawites in Tripoli. According to UNHCR, the number of '''Syrian refugees in Lebanon''' increased from around 250,000 in early 2013 to 1,000,000 in late 2014.< | *In 2012, the '''Syrian civil war''' threatened to spill over in Lebanon, causing more incidents of sectarian violence and armed clashes between Sunnis and Alawites in Tripoli. According to UNHCR, the number of '''Syrian refugees in Lebanon''' increased from around 250,000 in early 2013 to 1,000,000 in late 2014.<ref>"Lebanon", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon, accessed 11 June 2021.</ref> | ||
==Lebanese Diaspora== | ==Lebanese Diaspora== | ||
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*The largest concentration of Lebanese outside the Middle East is in '''Brazil''', which has, according to some sources, at least 6 million Brazilians of Lebanese ancestry, making Brazil's population of Lebanese more than twice that of the entire population of Lebanon. | *The largest concentration of Lebanese outside the Middle East is in '''Brazil''', which has, according to some sources, at least 6 million Brazilians of Lebanese ancestry, making Brazil's population of Lebanese more than twice that of the entire population of Lebanon. | ||
*There are also other large Lebanese communities in Latin American countries, namely '''Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela, Haiti and Dominican Republic'''. | *There are also other large Lebanese communities in Latin American countries, namely '''Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela, Haiti and Dominican Republic'''. | ||
*Many Lebanese have also been settled for quite some time in the '''United States, Australia, France, Canada, The United Kingdom, South Africa and in the European Union member states'''. There are also sizable populations in the '''United Arab Emirates, Singapore''' as well as francophone West Africa, particularly '''Ivory Coast and Ghana'''.< | *Many Lebanese have also been settled for quite some time in the '''United States, Australia, France, Canada, The United Kingdom, South Africa and in the European Union member states'''. There are also sizable populations in the '''United Arab Emirates, Singapore''' as well as francophone West Africa, particularly '''Ivory Coast and Ghana'''.<ref>"Lebanese diaspora", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_diaspora, accessed 11 July 2021.</ref> | ||
==Lebanese Americans< | ==Lebanese Americans<ref>"Lebanese Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Americans, accessed 11 July 2021.</ref>== | ||
*Large scale-Lebanese immigration began in the late 19th century and settled mainly in '''Brooklyn and Boston, Massachusetts'''. They were marked as '''Syrians'''; many of the immigrants were Christians. Upon entering America, many of them worked as peddlers. The first wave continued until the 1920s. | *Large scale-Lebanese immigration began in the late 19th century and settled mainly in '''Brooklyn and Boston, Massachusetts'''. They were marked as '''Syrians'''; many of the immigrants were Christians. Upon entering America, many of them worked as peddlers. The first wave continued until the 1920s. | ||
*The second wave of Lebanese immigration began in the late 1940s and continued through the early 1990s, when Lebanese immigrants had been '''fleeing the Lebanese Civil War'''. Between 1948 and 1990, over 60,000 Lebanese entered the United States. Since then, immigration has slowed to an estimated 5,000 immigrants a year, and those who now settle are predominantly Muslim, in contrast to the predominantly-Christian population of immigrants of previous waves. | *The second wave of Lebanese immigration began in the late 1940s and continued through the early 1990s, when Lebanese immigrants had been '''fleeing the Lebanese Civil War'''. Between 1948 and 1990, over 60,000 Lebanese entered the United States. Since then, immigration has slowed to an estimated 5,000 immigrants a year, and those who now settle are predominantly Muslim, in contrast to the predominantly-Christian population of immigrants of previous waves. | ||
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==="Syria" and "Lebanon"in Records=== | ==="Syria" and "Lebanon"in Records=== | ||
From the early 16th Century until World War I, Syria and the Mount Lebanon region were part of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, most Lebanese and Syrians immigrating before 1918 had Turkish passports, and were grouped in U. S. Census Abstracts under the heading "Turkish" or "Asian." After the First World War, Lebanon and Syria operated under French mandate, gaining independence in the 1940s. | |||
The close relationship of these two countries from the earliest days of recorded history helps explain a present-day puzzle. Until the 1950s, most of the immigrants referred to themselves as "Syrian" whether they came from Syria or the Mount Lebanon region. One explanation is that at the time of their heaviest immigration, "Syria" was a familiar word in the United States, and "Lebanon" was not; to simplify things, they said "Syrian." | The close relationship of these two countries from the earliest days of recorded history helps explain a present-day puzzle. Until the 1950s, most of the immigrants referred to themselves as "Syrian" whether they came from Syria or the Mount Lebanon region. One explanation is that at the time of their heaviest immigration, "Syria" was a familiar word in the United States, and "Lebanon" was not; to simplify things, they said "Syrian." <ref>Sarah Hasser Bennett, ''Syrian Family,'' ''Genealogy Today,'' http://www.genealogytoday.com/family/syrian/part5.html.</ref> | ||
=== Lebanese Church Records in the United States === | === Lebanese Church Records in the United States === | ||
"According to Historian Philip Hitti, in 1924 there were 34 Maronite churches, 21 Greek Catholic churches, 24 Antiochian Greek Orthodox churches, 31 Syrian Greek Orthodox churches, and a few Mosques attending to the religious needs of Lebanese and Syrian people in the United States. | "According to Historian Philip Hitti, in 1924 there were 34 Maronite churches, 21 Greek Catholic churches, 24 Antiochian Greek Orthodox churches, 31 Syrian Greek Orthodox churches, and a few Mosques attending to the religious needs of Lebanese and Syrian people in the United States.<ref>Sarah Hasser Bennett, ''Syrian Family,'' ''Genealogy Today,'' http://www.genealogytoday.com/family/syrian/part5.html.</ref> U.S. directories will be helpful in churches which are useful in finding information about your Lebanese immigrant ancestors. | ||
"Contact the Church your relatives attended. For many immigrants, it was the center of their cultural and social lives, and may have birth, marriage or death records of your family. The Church will certainly know the history of that particular congregation, possibly even have it in writing. You will want this information because it will help in your personal research. If you contact the church by mail, enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope. There may be a charge for any record they provide, but in any case, make a donation for their help." | "Contact the Church your relatives attended. For many immigrants, it was the center of their cultural and social lives, and may have birth, marriage or death records of your family. The Church will certainly know the history of that particular congregation, possibly even have it in writing. You will want this information because it will help in your personal research. If you contact the church by mail, enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope. There may be a charge for any record they provide, but in any case, make a donation for their help."<ref>Sarah Hasser Bennett, ''Syrian Family,'' ''Genealogy Today,'' http://www.genealogytoday.com/family/syrian/part5.html.</ref> | ||
==Records of Lebanese Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | ==Records of Lebanese Emigrants in Their Destination Nations== | ||
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| | |One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.] | ||
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==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||
*[http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Lebanese-Americans.html Lebanese Americans] | *[http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Lebanese-Americans.html Lebanese Americans] | ||
*[https://www.heritagediscovered.com/blog/arab-american-genealogy-resources Resources to Help Your Arab American Genealogy] | |||
**This article contains background on Lebanese and Syrian immigration to the US, including links to various relevant books, articles, and groups. | |||
There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog: | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Lebanon - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=470519480|disp=Lebanon - Emigration and immigration}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
< | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Lebanon]] | [[Category:Lebanon]] | ||
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