Brazil Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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::Use the certificate ''certidão'' links to search for and request copies of records. When you find a record and click on ''Ver Dados para Emitir Certidao'' or ''Solicitar Certidao'', click on that to see who is listed in the record with or near them.

====Port of Rio de Janeiro====

====Port of Salvador====

*'''1855-1964''' {{RecordSearch|1928179|Brazil, Bahia, Passenger Lists, 1855-1964}} at FamilySearch - [[Brazil, Bahia, Passenger Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images

*'''[http://www.atom.fpc.ba.gov.br/index.php/entrada-de-passageiro-no-porto-de-salvador Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia]'''

::This site has images of passenger lists of arrivals to the Port of Salvador. Choose the images you with to view from the list found on the left side of the page. The information about the images can be found directly below the image viewer.

====Port of Santos====

#Begin your search by entering the first letter of the last name in the space Iniciais.

#Next click on Filtrar

#When your results appear, click on Pesquisar next to the name of interest. A new section will open up.

#In section 3, click on Pesquisar next to the name of interest. You will then see information about the person you have chose.

*'''1907-1962''' [http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/site/acervo/repositorio_digital/lista_bordo '''Passenger Lists (Board Lists of Listas de bordo), 1907-1962'''] Port of Santos, they contain information such as the name of the steam, the date of entry into the port, the number of people and their nationalities. There are richer on-board lists for 1854 to 1872, which indicate the full name and personal data, such as age, profession and place of birth. Many of them also inform the referral given to these people when they arrive in the country.

*'''1882-1958''' [http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/site/acervo/memoria_do_imigrante/pesquisa_livros_hospedaria '''Log Books of the Hospedaria de Imigrantes'''] Built between 1886 and 1888, the former “Hospedaria de Imigrantes do Brás” was one of the largest reception centers for foreigners in Brazil. More than two million people passed through its facilities between 1887 and 1978. transcription of the records of the registration books of this hostel for the years 1887 to 1958. In addition, there are also records in the bank of the former Hospedaria do Bom Retiro (predecessor of the Hospedaria do Bras) covering the years 1882 to 1886.

*'''1888-1978''' [http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/site/acervo/memoria_do_imigrante/pedido_certidao_lista_desembarque '''Immigration Certificate Application, Port of Santos'''] The Landing Certificate is a document issued by the Public Archives of the State of São Paulo based on the Port of Santos Landing Lists (1888 to 1978).

====Port of São Paulo====  

====Passports====

====Cultural Groups====

=====Dutch=====

=====Germans=====

*[http://www.martiusstaden.org.br/conteudo/detalhe/48/acervo '''Brazilian Families of German Origin'''] Martius-Staden Institute of Sciences, Letters and Brazilian-German Cultural Exchange genealogy online collection

*[http://www.martiusstaden.org.br/conteudo/detalhe/48/acervo '''German Immigration Archive'''] Martius-Staden Institute of Sciences, Letters and Brazilian-German Cultural Exchange German Immigration online collection

=====Italians=====

*[http://www.imigrantesitalianos.com.br Imigrantes Italianos (Italian Immigrants)]

*[https://www.altreitalie.it/Servizi/Cerca_Le_Tue_Radici/Cerca_Le_Tue_Radici.kl Centro Altreitalie] Three databases, available online, with the landing lists of Italians in Argentina, Brazil and the United States.

*[https://www.venarbol.net/en/liens/recherche-dans-les-pays-demigration Italian Emigration Sites] <span style="color:DarkViolet">'''Benelux / France / United Kingdom / Swizerland / American continent / Canada / USA / Argentina / Brazil / Peru / Venezuela / Algérie / Tunisia / Australia / New-Zeland'''</span>

===Offices and Archives to Contact===

Praça da República, 173<br>

Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20211-350<br>

<br>

Tel.: (00 53 7) 8629436<br>

*[http://www.arquivonacional.gov.br '''Website''']<br>

*[http://consulta.an.gov.br/ '''Distance Attendance Module:'''] The Distance Attendance service is designed to facilitate access to documentation from the National Archives for all those who, for whatever reason, cannot attend the institution to conduct their research. <br>

<br>

This archive contains a considerable number of extremely important documents on this subject. Users have access to several sets of documents concerning the entry of immigrants into Brazil. Those particularly worthy of mention are:

*'''Departamento Nacional do Povoamento:''' This collection holds the immigrant registers of the Ilha das Flores and Pinheiro centres, as well as the Registers of the Rio de Janeiro Central Immigration Agency Register. The registers held date from 1875 to 1974.

*'''División de Policía Marítima, Aérea y de Fronteras:''' This contains the lists of passengers disembarking in Brazilian ports and those from planes landing at its airports. These lists contain a wealth of information for the study of emigration, with details including the entry date and name of the ship/plane, its place of departure and the personal details of the passengers carried. The archive holds passenger lists from 1875 to 1974 for the following ports: Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Recife, São Francisco do Sul, Esperança, Florianópolis, Uruguaiana, Salvador, Aquidauana, Corumbá, Porto Coutinho, Foz do Iguaçu, Guajará-Mirim, Belém, Manaus and Paraguaná.

*'''Serie Interior-Extranjeros:''' These are the foreigner deportation files and authorisations to remain in Brazil between 1851 and 1947.

*'''Serie Interior-Nacionalidades:'''This contains the application files for Brazilian citizenship (naturalisation).

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[http://museudaimigracao.org.br/ '''Memorial do Imigrante''']<br>

<br>

Tel.:(00 55) 21791257, 21791273<br>

*[http://museudaimigracao.org.br/ '''Website''']<br>

<br>

The Memorial records from the Hospedaria de Brás immigrant centre, opened in 1888. From 1887 this centre received, registered and housed immigrants arriving in São Paulo. The centre concluded its activities in 1978. This collection, which enables users to make '''online searches of emigrants''', holds the following documentation:

*'''Listas de pasajeros del Puerto de Santos:''' Entries are dated between 1888 and 1978. Departures between 1908 and 1950.

*'''Libros registro de inmigrantes alojados en la Hospedaria do Bom Retiro y Hospedaria de Brás:''' A set of 150 registration books from 1882 to 1962

*'''Documentos del Registro de Extranjeros producidos por las Delegaciones de Interior de São Paulo (Registration Documents for Extranjeros produced by the Interior Delegations of São Paulo:''' Documentation from 1938 to the mid 1940's.

*'''Fichas de registro de inmigrantes:''' Documents produced by the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migrations (ICEM) from 1947 to 1970, including files of persons displaced after World War II.

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[http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/ '''Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo''']<br>

<br>

Tel.:(00 55 21) 20898100<br>

*[http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/ins_faleconosco.php '''Contact''']

*[http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/ '''Website''']

*[http://www.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/web/acervo/solicitacao_certidoes '''Request for Certificates'''] The Public Archives of the State of São Paulo issues certificates of the documents it holds, respecting the criteria of organization and conservation of the documents. The certificate may be in extract, in full or negative, depending on the specific case.<br>

<br>

This archive holds this series issued by the Secretariat of the agricultural and provisions sections. It contains monthly tables of migratory movements, immigrant entry certificates and passenger lists. The archive website has a specific portal for immigration to São Paulo, with an emigrant search engine.

<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. (See [[Italy Emigration and Immigration#Immigration into Italy|'''Immigration into Italy.''']]) </span><br>

Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.

===Immigration Background===

*From 1500, when the Portuguese reached Brazil, until its independence in 1822, from 500,000 to 700,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, 600,000 of whom arrived in the 18th century alone.

*In the 18th century, large waves of Portuguese settled the country, in the wake of the discovery of gold in the region of Minas Gerais.

*From 1550 to 1850, some 4 million slaves were brought to Brazil. The average survival of an African slave in Brazil was merely seven years after arrival.T he natural growth of the slave population was always very small.

*Maria Stella Ferreira Levy suggests the following periodization of the process of immigration to Brazil:

:*1820–1876: small number of immigrants (about 6,000 per year), predominance of Portuguese (45.73%), with significant numbers of Germans (12.97%);

:*1877–1903: large number of immigrants (about 71,000 per year), predominance of Italians (58.49%);

:*1904–1930: large number of immigrants (about 79,000 per year), predominance of the Portuguese (36.97%);

:*1931–1963: declining number of immigrants (about 33,500 per year), predominance of the Portuguese (38.45%).

*From 1824, immigrants from Central Europe started to populate what is nowadays the region of São Leopoldo, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. These German immigrants were mainly "oppressed peasants and former soldiers of the army of Napoleon".

*Between 1820 and 1876, 350,117 immigrants entered Brazil. Of these, 45.73% were Portuguese, 35.74% of "other nationalities", '''12.97% Germans''', while '''Italians and Spanish together did not reach 6%'''. The total number of immigrants per year averaged 6,000. Many immigrants, particularly the Germans, were brought to settle in rural communities as small landowners. '''They received land, seed, livestock and other items to develop.'''

*From 1904 to 1930, 2,142,781 immigrants came to Brazil. Italian immigration had, at this stage, a drastic reduction: in this period they were only 19,000 annually. The '''Portuguese''' constituted 38% of entries, followed by '''Spaniards''' with 22%. A number of '''Jewish immigrants'''' arrived in the 1920s.

*From 1932 to 1935 immigrants from '''Japan''' constituted 30% of total admissions.

*Between 1974 and 1980, Brazil also received almost 500 Portuguese settler families fleeing '''Angola or Mozambique''' as well as some 1,000 exiles from Portugal proper, many of them '''serving officers of the Portuguese Military or Police''', fleeing post-Carnation Revolution Portugal because of their association with the former regime.

*During the 1990s. Brazil received small numbers of immigrants from the former republics of '''Yugoslavia, from Afghanistan and West Africa (mostly Angolans)'''.

*In 2010, Brazil is home to 4,251 refugees from 76 different nationalities. The largest refugee ancestries were '''Angolan''' (1,688), '''Colombian''' (583), '''Congolese''' (402), '''Liberian''' (259), and '''Iraqi''' (197).

*Due to the Venezuelan refugee crisis, in 2017, 22,000 new '''Venezuelan refugees''' sought shelter in Brazil. By mid-2019, over 168,000 Venezuelans were living in Brazil.<ref>"Immigration to Brazil", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil, accessed 18 May 2021.</ref>

===Emigration Background===

There are an estimated 3.1 million Brazilians living abroad, mainly in the U.S. (1,410,000),[11] Japan (~210,000), Paraguay (201,527), Portugal (~120,000), Spain (~120,000), Germany (~100,000), United Kingdom (100,000)[12] France (80,000), Australia (50,980), Italy (35,000), Switzerland (25,000), Angola (30,000), and another 100,000 are living in other European countries.

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====Brazilians in Germany====

*[[Germany Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Brazilians

*Many Brazilian artists consider working in Germany more prestigious than in Brazil.

*The [http://www.martiusstaden.org.br/conteudo/detalhe/38/o-instituto '''Martius-Staden Institute'''] is the first stop for Brazilians researching their German ancestors. The institute’s archive has an extensive index of family names of German origin.<ref>"Brazilians in Germany", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilians_in_Germany, accessed 19 May 2021.</ref>

====Brazilians in Japan====

See also: [[Japan Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Brazilians

*There is a significant community of Brazilians in Japan, consisting largely but not exclusively of '''Brazilians of Japanese ethnicity'''. Brazilians with Japanese ethnicity are known as '''Nikkei Brazilians'''. Brazil maintains its status as home to the largest Japanese community outside Japan.

*During the 1980s, many Japanese Brazilians went to Japan as contract workers due to economic and political problems in Brazil, and they were termed "Dekasegi". Working visas were offered to Brazilian Dekasegi in 1990, encouraging more immigration from Brazil.

*The influx of Japanese descendants from Brazil to Japan was and continues to be large. By 1998, there were 222,217 Brazilians in Japan, making up 81% of all Latin Americans there.

*In April 2009, due to the financial crisis, the Japanese government introduced a new program that would incentive Brazilian and other Latin American immigrants to return home with a stipend of $3000 for airfare and $2000 for each dependent. Those who participate must agree not to pursue employment in Japan in the future.<ref>"Brazilians in Japan", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilians_in_Japan, accessed 19 May 2021.</ref>

====Brazilians in Nigeria====

*Brazilians in Nigeria, Amaros or Agudas consist of the '''descendants of freed Afro-Brazilian slaves who left Brazil and settled in Nigeria'''. The term Brazilians in Nigeria can also otherwise refer to '''first generation expatriates from Brazil'''.

*Starting from the 1830s, many emancipated Africans who had been through forced labour and discrimination in Brazil began moving back to Lagos. These emancipated Africans were often called '''"Aguda" or "Amaro", and also included returnees from Cuba.'''

*The first recorded repatriation of African people from Brazil to what is now Nigeria was a '''government-led deportation in 1835 in the aftermath of a Yoruba and Hausa rebellion in the city of Salvador known as the Malê Revolt.''' After the rebellion, the Brazilian government - fearful of further insurrection - allowed freed or manumitted Africans the option to return home or keep paying an exorbitant tax to the government. A few Africans who were free and had saved some money were able to return to Africa as a result of the tough conditions, taxation, racism and homesickness. In 1851, 60 Mina Africans put together $4,000 to charter a ship for Badagry.

*After slavery was abolished in Cuba and Brazil in 1886 and 1888 respectively, '''further migration to Lagos''' continued. Many of the returnees chose to return to Nigeria for cultural, missionary and economic reasons. Many of them descended from the Yoruba. In Lagos, they were given the watery terrains of Popo Aguda as their settlement. By the 1880s, they comprised about 9% of the population of Lagos. Towards the end of 1920, the migration stopped.

*Popo Aguda was also a commercial center of trade, serving as a distribution center for imported goods. A sister community of Brazilians also exists in '''Ago Egba, the Egba colony in Lagos, which is located on the mainland in Ebute Metta.'''<ref>"Brazilians in Nigeria", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilians_in_Nigeria, accessed 19 May 2021.</ref>

<br>

*The origins of Brasiguayos are '''from the three states of the South Region of Brazil, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Most Brasiguayos are mainly ethnically White of German, Italian, and Polish descent.'''

*They typically live in the '''Southeastern Paraguayan departments of Canindeyú and Alto Paraná, which border with Brazil'''. Most emigrated from Brazil by the 1960s. In total they make up 455,000 Brasiguaios as of 2001, or about one-tenth of Paraguay's population.

<br>

*The Brazilian consulate in London estimated that in 2015, there were 120,000 Brazilians in the UK.

*The majority of Brazilians in the UK reside in and around London. It is estimated that some 20,000 Brazilians reside in the Midlands (the majority in Birmingham), while some 15,000 Brazilians are thought to live in the county of Norfolk in East Anglia (most of these in King's Lynn and Norwich). The coastal town of Brighton was home to an estimated 10,000 Brazilians in 2005. 10,000 individuals of Brazilian origin also live in the Greater Manchester/Liverpool Urban Area.<ref>"Brazilians in the United Kingdom", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilians_in_the_United_Kingdom, accessed 19 May 2021.</ref>

RJ - Brazil<br>

CEP: 20090-070 <br>

Fax: + 55 21 2104 5196<br>

'''Departamento de Policia Federal''' <br>

20011-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ <br>

BRASIL <br>

*[http://www.dpf.gov.br/ Website]

==In-country Migration==

*[http://www.an.gov.br/baseluso/menu/menu.php Movement of Portuguese in Brazil (1808 - 1842)]

::The National Archive, with the support of the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ, makes available for consultation the database “Movement of Portuguese in Brazil (1808 - 1842)”. The database has 64,194 records and allows the search for the most varied information, such as: age, marital status, profession, companions, places of residence and housing, destinations and physical characteristics.

==For Further Reading==

There are additional sources listed in the FamilySearch Catalog:

==References==

[[pt:Brasil Emigração e Imigração]]

<br>