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{{Bolivia | {{CountrySidebar | ||
| link1=[[ | |Country=Bolivia | ||
|Name=Bolivia | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Records | |||
|Records=Emigration and Immigration | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
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| link1=[[South America|South America]] | |||
| link2=[[Bolivia_Genealogy|Bolivia]] | | link2=[[Bolivia_Genealogy|Bolivia]] | ||
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| link5=[[Bolivia_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | | link5=[[Bolivia_Emigration_and_Immigration|Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
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== | ==Resources== | ||
===Online Resources=== | |||
*'''1509-1599''' {{FSC|349326|item|disp=Catálogo de pasajeros a Indias durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII}} Lists of passengers from Spain to the New World during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries | |||
*'''1509-1701''' {{FSC|20763|item|disp=Pasajeros a Indias : libros de asientos}} Archivo General de Indias. Commerce Section. Lists of passengers to the New World. | |||
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel%20%26%20migration&sid=999 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries. | |||
===Offices to Contact=== | |||
===Offices | |||
[https://www.archivoybibliotecanacionales.org.bo/ '''Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia''']<br> | [https://www.archivoybibliotecanacionales.org.bo/ '''Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia''']<br> | ||
Calle Dalence, 4. <br> | Calle Dalence, 4. <br> | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
Tel.: (00 591 ) 46460207<br> | Tel.: (00 591 ) 46460207<br> | ||
Email: abnb@entelnet.bo<br> | |||
[https://www.archivoybibliotecanacionales.org.bo/ Website]<br> | [https://www.archivoybibliotecanacionales.org.bo/ Website]<br> | ||
:*''Ministerio del Interior:'' In 1888, this ministry took charge of the Colonisation section, thus becoming responsible for fostering foreign immigration and promoting the establishment of colonies in Bolivia. | :*''Ministerio del Interior:'' In 1888, this ministry took charge of the Colonisation section, thus becoming responsible for fostering foreign immigration and promoting the establishment of colonies in Bolivia. | ||
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Email: comunicacion@migracion.gob.bo<br> | Email: comunicacion@migracion.gob.bo<br> | ||
:*It has several relevant series for this topic such as the census of foreign nationals, family ties, passports, etc. | :*It has several relevant series for this topic such as the census of foreign nationals, family ties, passports, etc. | ||
==Finding the Town of Origin in Bolivia== | ==Finding the Town of Origin in Bolivia== | ||
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Bolivia, see [[Bolivia Finding Town of Origin|'''Bolivia Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Bolivia, see [[Bolivia Finding Town of Origin|'''Bolivia Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies. | ||
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===Immigration into Bolivia=== | ===Immigration into Bolivia=== | ||
====Afro-Bolivians==== | ====Afro-Bolivians==== | ||
*The Afro-Bolivians are recognized as one of the constituent ethnic groups of Bolivia by the country's government, and are ceremonially led by a king who traces his descent back to a line of monarchs that reigned in Africa during the medieval period. They numbered 23,330 according to the 2012 census. | |||
*In 1544, the Spanish Conquistadors discovered the silver mines in Potosí. They began enslaving the natives as workers in the mines., but the health of the natives working in the mines became very poor. By the beginning of the 17th century, the Spanish mine owners and barons began bringing in African slaves in high numbers to help work the mines. | |||
*Many of these Native and African workers' lives were cut short because of the toxic smelter fumes and mercury vapors they inhaled. It is estimated that as many as eight million Africans and Natives died from working the mines between 1545 to 1825 from harsh conditions, including asbestos, toxic gases, cave-ins, and explosions. | |||
*After their emancipation in the 19th century, Afro-Bolivians would relocate to a place called '''the Yungas''', which is not far north from the city of La Paz. | |||
*It has been estimated that 25,000 Afro-Bolivians live in the Yungas. Afro-Bolivians spread to the east in '''Cochabamba and Santa Cruz de la Sierra'''. In Santa Cruz there are more Afro-Brazilians than Afro-Bolivians. <ref>"Afro-Brazilians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Bolivians, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====Basque Bolivians==== | ====Basque Bolivians==== | ||
The Basques were a large source of Spanish and European immigration from the late 16th to early 20th centuries, most came as shepherds and ranchers to Bolivia's vast livestock industry.<ref>"Immigration to Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Bolivia, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====Croatian Bolivians==== | ====Croatian Bolivians==== | ||
*Croatian immigration to Bolivia was a migratory movement that traces its roots to the 19th century, during the settlement of the Chaco plains of central South America. The Croatian government estimates that the Croatian diaspora in Bolivia has an estimated 5,000 people, including immigrants and descendants of third and fourth generation. | *Croatian immigration to Bolivia was a migratory movement that traces its roots to the 19th century, during the settlement of the Chaco plains of central South America. The Croatian government estimates that the Croatian diaspora in Bolivia has an estimated 5,000 people, including immigrants and descendants of third and fourth generation. | ||
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====Jews in Bolivia==== | ====Jews in Bolivia==== | ||
*The history of the Jews in Bolivia stretches from the colonial period to the end of the 19th century. In the 19th century, Jewish merchants (both Sephardim and Ashkenazim) came to Bolivia, most of them taking local women as wives and founding families that merged into the mainstream Catholic society. This was often the case in the eastern regions of Santa Cruz, Tarija, Beni and Pando, where these merchants came either from Brazil or Argentina. | |||
*In the colonial period, '''marranos from Spain''' settled in the country. Some worked in the silver mines in Potosi and others were among the pioneers that helped found Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1557. (Marranos were Spanish and Portuguese Jews living in the Iberian Peninsula who converted or were forced to *convert to Christianity during the Middle Ages, yet continued to practice Judaism in secrecy.) | |||
During the 20th century, substantial Jewish settlement began in Bolivia. In 1905, a group of '''Russian Jews, followed by Argentine Jews and later a few Sephardi families from Türkiye and the near east''', settled in Bolivia. | |||
*In 1917, it was estimated that there were only 20 to 25 professing Jews living in the country. By 1933, when the Nazi era in Germany started, there were 30 Jewish families. The first large influx of Jewish immigrants was in the 1930s and there were 7,000 of them estimated at the end of 1942. | |||
*After World War II, a small number of '''Polish Jews''' came to Bolivia.<ref name="jews">"History of the jews in Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====German Bolivians==== | ====German Bolivians==== | ||
German immigrants began to arrive in Bolivia in the 18th century, and many more arrived in the 19th century. During World War II, Bolivia ceased diplomatic relations with Germany and expelled many Germans. Many German Jews immigrated to Bolivia during the war.<ref>"German Bolivians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Bolivians, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | German immigrants began to arrive in Bolivia in the 18th century, and many more arrived in the 19th century. During World War II, Bolivia ceased diplomatic relations with Germany and expelled many Germans. Many German Jews immigrated to Bolivia during the war.<ref>"German Bolivians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Bolivians, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | ||
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*The total population was '''estimated at 60,000 in 2010.'''<ref>"Mennonites in Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia. accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | *The total population was '''estimated at 60,000 in 2010.'''<ref>"Mennonites in Bolivia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia. accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | ||
====White Bolivians==== | |||
*'''White Bolivians or European Bolivians''' are Bolivian people whose ancestry lies within '''the continent of Europe, most notably Spain and Germany, and to a lesser extent, Italy and Croatia.''' | |||
*Bolivian people of European ancestry mostly descend from people who arrived over the centuries from Spain, beginning five hundred years ago. | |||
*European Bolivians are a '''minority ethnic group in Bolivia, accounting for 5% of the country's population'''. | |||
*An additional '''68% of the population is mestizo, having mixed European and indigenous ancestry.'''<ref>"White Bolivians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Bolivians, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | |||
===Emigration=== | ===Emigration=== | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | |[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]] | ||
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to immigration records for major destination countries below.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.] </span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Bolivian Americans==== | ====Bolivian Americans==== | ||
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
<br> | |||
*Bolivians compose the third smallest Hispanic group in the United States, with a 2010 Census population of 99,210. | |||
*The highest concentration resides in the '''Washington Metropolitan Area'''', which accounts for 38% of the total Bolivian population in the US. Additional areas of concentration include the '''New York City borough of Queens, Miami-Dade County, and the cities of Los Angeles and Providence, Rhode Island.''' | |||
*Bolivian immigration into the United States occurred in '''two significant phases'''. | |||
:*The first phase occurred during and subsequent to the 1952 National Revolution (between 1952 and the latter 1960s). Most of these immigrants consisted of middle- to upper-middle income occupational professionals or political dissidents, and identify with Bolivia's White or Criollo (descendants from Europeans born in Bolivia) society. | |||
:*The second notable phase of Bolivian immigration (between 1980 and 1988) was a result of Bolivia's fiscal policies in the 1970s which gave way to the hyperinflation throughout most of the 1980s. Most of these immigrants consisted of lower-income Mestizo (European/Amerindian mix) and Indigenous Bolivians obtaining work posts as service and manual laborers. | |||
8Most of the Bolivian American population is of Quechua descent, with the majority of them hailing from the ''''Valle Alto region of Cochabamba, from towns like Tarata, Arbieto, Cliza, Punata, and Tolata, with most of them living in the DC area'''. | |||
*Bolivians have settled throughout the United States, mainly in '''Washington D.C., California and Maryland; there are also large groups of Bolivian immigrants in Texas, New York City, New Jersey, South Florida, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Chicago.''' The number of Bolivians in the U.S. in 2006 was estimated at 82,322. Most Bolivian immigrants are high school or college graduates.<ref>"Bolivian Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivian_Americans, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====Bolivians in Brazil==== | ====Bolivians in Brazil==== | ||
*[[Brazil Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
<br> | |||
*Bolivians in Brazil are individuals of full, partial, or predominantly Bolivian ancestry, or a Bolivian-born person residing in Brazil. | |||
*The governments of Bolivia and Brazil have begun to develop an agreement to regularize the situation of more than 200,000 undocumented Bolivian immigrants in Brazil. | |||
*Nowadays, the Bolivians constitute the biggest group of foreigners living in the country, with an estimated 350,000 Bolivian nationals currently living in Brazil. | |||
*Bolivians started coming to Brazil in small numbers during the 1950s, with current levels of immigration beginning in the 1980s. | |||
*About 40% of Bolivians live in the city of São Paulo, around 10% of Bolivians in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and the border cities of Corumbá (Mato Grosso do Sul) and Guajará-Mirim (Roraima) receive about 5% of the total each.<ref>Bolivians in Brazil", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivians_in_Brazil, accessed 17 May 2021.</ref> | |||
====Bolivians in the United Kingdom==== | ====Bolivians in the United Kingdom==== | ||
*[[England Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
*[[Scotland Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
*[[Ireland Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
<br> | |||
*According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 1,143 people were born in Bolivia, making it the 140th most common birthplace for British residents.The 2011 census recorded 3,618 Bolivian-born residents in England, 24 in Wales, 113 in Scotland and 10 in Northern Ireland. In 2007, community leaders surveyed by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) estimated that there might have been as many as 25,000 Bolivian-born people in the UK. | *According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 1,143 people were born in Bolivia, making it the 140th most common birthplace for British residents.The 2011 census recorded 3,618 Bolivian-born residents in England, 24 in Wales, 113 in Scotland and 10 in Northern Ireland. In 2007, community leaders surveyed by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) estimated that there might have been as many as 25,000 Bolivian-born people in the UK. | ||
*According to an IOM mapping exercise published in 2007, the overwhelming majority of all Bolivians in the United Kingdom '''reside in London'''. According to the report, ''''boroughs with high concentrations of Bolivians included Southwark (mainly in Elephant and Castle, Old Kent Road and Peckham Rye), Haringey (mainly in Seven Sisters and Finsbury Park), Camden, Lewisham and Lambeth (mainly in Vauxhall and Brixton)''''.[9] More affluent Bolivians were reported as tending to gravitate towards '''North London''', while the less affluent lived in Southeast London.Outside of London, other concentrations were identified in '''Newcastle and Edinburgh'''.<ref>"Bolivians in the United Kingdom", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivians_in_the_United_Kingdom, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | *According to an IOM mapping exercise published in 2007, the overwhelming majority of all Bolivians in the United Kingdom '''reside in London'''. According to the report, ''''boroughs with high concentrations of Bolivians included Southwark (mainly in Elephant and Castle, Old Kent Road and Peckham Rye), Haringey (mainly in Seven Sisters and Finsbury Park), Camden, Lewisham and Lambeth (mainly in Vauxhall and Brixton)''''.[9] More affluent Bolivians were reported as tending to gravitate towards '''North London''', while the less affluent lived in Southeast London.Outside of London, other concentrations were identified in '''Newcastle and Edinburgh'''.<ref>"Bolivians in the United Kingdom", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivians_in_the_United_Kingdom, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | ||
====Bolivians in Uruguay==== | ====Bolivians in Uruguay==== | ||
*[[Uruguay Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include Bolivians | |||
<br> | |||
*Many Bolivian-born people live in Uruguay, for a number of reasons. Both countries share the Spanish language; their historical origins are common (part of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate, Spanish Empire); there is no need for special migration documents, and circulation is relatively easy. | *Many Bolivian-born people live in Uruguay, for a number of reasons. Both countries share the Spanish language; their historical origins are common (part of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate, Spanish Empire); there is no need for special migration documents, and circulation is relatively easy. | ||
*Uruguay is a very small, quiet country, with wide beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. Some well-off Bolivians choose Uruguay as their holiday destination, a trend that is expected to grow in the near future. | *Uruguay is a very small, quiet country, with wide beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. Some well-off Bolivians choose Uruguay as their holiday destination, a trend that is expected to grow in the near future. | ||
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*According to the 2011 Uruguayan census, 377 people who declared Bolivia as their country of birth.<ref>"Bolivians in Uruguay", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivians_in_Uruguay, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | *According to the 2011 Uruguayan census, 377 people who declared Bolivia as their country of birth.<ref>"Bolivians in Uruguay", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivians_in_Uruguay, accessed 16 May 2021.</ref> | ||
== | ====Jewish Emigration==== | ||
*During the 1940s, 2,200 Jews emigrated from Bolivia. In the 1990s the community had about 700 members, the Jewish population of Bolivia has remained steady since then. | |||
*{{ | *The Jewish community in Bolivia decreased gradually and lacks youth, as they end high school, go to universities abroad, especially in '''Argentina, Brazil, the United States and Israel''', and do not return. <ref name="jews"/> | ||
*{{ | |||
[[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]]*{{FSC|Bolivia - Emigration and immigration|subject|subject-id=1798822585|disp=Bolivia - Emigration and immigration}} | |||
*{{FSC|1587950|subject_id|disp=Bolivia - Emigration and immigration - Indexes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Bolivia]] | [[Category:Bolivia]] | ||
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