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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The [[Media: | The [[Media:WL Poland.pdf|Polish Genealogical Word List]] contains Polish words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Polish ancestors. If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Polish-English dictionary. See the [[Poland Genealogical Word List#Additional_Resources|Additional Resources]] section below. | ||
Polish is a Slavic language related to Russian and Czech. It is used in genealogical sources throughout Poland. Before 1918, Polish-speaking territories were divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Russian, Latin, or Polish. | Polish is a Slavic language related to Russian and Czech. It is used in genealogical sources throughout Poland. Before 1918, Polish-speaking territories were divided between Russia, Germany, and Austria. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Russian, Latin, or Polish. | ||
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The letters q, v and x are also used, but only for foreign names or words. | The letters q, v and x are also used, but only for foreign names or words. | ||
While a Latin-based alphabet is used in both Polish and English, some letters make different sounds in each language. Below are a few examples of how some Polish sounds may be represented in English: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|'''Polish Sound''' | |||
|'''Possible English Representation''' | |||
|- | |||
|ą | |||
|om, on (in “home” or “prone”) | |||
|- | |||
|c | |||
|ts (in “cats”) | |||
|- | |||
|ch | |||
|hard h (like “ch” in “loch”) | |||
|- | |||
|cz, ć | |||
|ch (in “chew”) | |||
|- | |||
|dż | |||
|j (in “joke”) | |||
|- | |||
|ę | |||
|em, en (in “them” or “then”) | |||
|- | |||
|j | |||
|y (in “you”) | |||
|- | |||
|ł | |||
|l/w (in “life” or “wife”) | |||
|- | |||
|ó | |||
|oo (in “too”) | |||
|- | |||
|sz, ś (sch in German) | |||
|sh (in “shake”) | |||
|- | |||
|w | |||
|v (in “vote”) | |||
|- | |||
|z, rz, ż | |||
|zh (like “s” in “treasure”) | |||
|} | |||
Some other letter sounds may be confused with each other, such as b and p, v and f, g and k, d and t, zh and sh, z and s, or j and ch, especially if they were written in a document based only on what someone said. Vowel sounds can vary too, so knowing that an “a” may be used in place of an “o” or an “i” in place of an “e” can help you make sense of spelling errors you find in historical records. | |||
=== Language Aids === | === Language Aids === | ||
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Another valuable research tool for reading records of the former Russian territories of Poland is: | Another valuable research tool for reading records of the former Russian territories of Poland is: | ||
Frazin, Judith R. A ''Translation Guide to | Frazin, Judith R. A ''Translation Guide to the 19-century Polish-language Civil-registration Documents: (Birth, Marriage and Death Records). 2nd ed.'' Northbrook, Illinois: The Jewish Genealogical Society of Illinois, 1989. (FS Library book 943.8 V27.) This book is now online at [http://books.google.de/books?id=qSEBjYeyUpAC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA# Google Books: A Translation Guide to 19th-century Polish-language Civil Registration]. | ||
To read the Russian language records of this same area after 1868 use: [Http://books.google.de/books?id=qSEBjYeyUpAC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA books.google.de/books] | To read the Russian language records of this same area after 1868 use: [Http://books.google.de/books?id=qSEBjYeyUpAC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA books.google.de/books] | ||
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Shea, Jonathan D. ''Russian Language Documents from Russian Poland: a Translation Manual for Genealogists. 2nd ed.'' Buffalo Grove, Illinois: Genun, 1989. (FS Library book 943.8 D27.) | Shea, Jonathan D. ''Russian Language Documents from Russian Poland: a Translation Manual for Genealogists. 2nd ed.'' Buffalo Grove, Illinois: Genun, 1989. (FS Library book 943.8 D27.) | ||
Learning: Polish Language, Common Word Translations is [https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~atpc/genealogy/learn/tools/commonwords.html available online]. | |||
Learning: | |||
=== Language Characteristics === | === Language Characteristics === | ||
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#'''Prepositional case:''' This case is most often used with place names, especially in connection with the preposition ''w'', meaning “in.” There are many different prepositional endings, depending on the nature of the standard nominative ending of the place name. It is best to check a gazetteer or map to determine the nominative form. | #'''Prepositional case:''' This case is most often used with place names, especially in connection with the preposition ''w'', meaning “in.” There are many different prepositional endings, depending on the nature of the standard nominative ending of the place name. It is best to check a gazetteer or map to determine the nominative form. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
For more detailed information about Polish grammar and additional examples of Polish grammar in genealogical documents, see the [[Media:Polish Paleography Seminar | For more detailed information about Polish grammar and additional examples of Polish grammar in genealogical documents, see the [[Media:Polish Paleography Seminar FHL 2019.pdf| '''Polish Paleography Seminar Handout - Grammar overview''']]. | ||
=== Additional Resources === | === Additional Resources === | ||
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The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in FamilySearch Centers: | The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in FamilySearch Centers: | ||
Stanisławski, Jan. ''English-Polish and Polish-English Dictionary.'' | Stanisławski, Jan. ''English-Polish and Polish-English Dictionary.'' Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: David McKay, 1946. (FS Library film 1,045,473, item 1) | ||
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under: | Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''Polish '''<br>rano/z rana <br> przed południem<br> południe/w południe <br> popołudniu/z południa <br> o godzinie drugiej <br> o godzinie siódmej <br> wieczorem/w wieczór <br> w nocy <br> północna godzina <br> | | '''Polish '''<br>rano/z rana <br> przed południem<br> południe/w południe <br> popołudniu/z południa <br> o godzinie drugiej <br> o godzinie siódmej <br> wieczorem/w wieczór <br> w nocy <br> północna godzina <br> | ||
| '''English '''<br>in the morning <br> forenoon <br> noon <br>afternoon <br> at the 2nd hour <br>at the 7th hour <br>in the evening <br> at night <br> midnight | | '''English '''<br>in the morning <br> forenoon <br> noon <br>afternoon <br> at the 2nd hour <br>at the 7th hour <br>in the evening <br> at night <br> midnight <br> | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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== General Word List == | == General Word List == | ||
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. | This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in the separate sections prior to this list. | ||
In this list, optional versions of Polish words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses. | In this list, optional versions of Polish words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses. Some Polish phrases and their translations are listed [in brackets] under the most significant Polish word, not the first word, of the phrase. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition. | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
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{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center" | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''Click | | align="center" | '''Click the letter below to get to the words starting with that letter.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=yes|side=yes|v=|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=yes|side=yes|v=|y=}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | ||
=== B === | === B === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| babka | | babka | ||
| grandmother | | grandmother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bakalarz | | bakalarz | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| biskup | | biskup | ||
| bishop | | bishop | ||
|- | |- | ||
| blacharz | | blacharz | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | ||
=== C === | === C === | ||
| Line 655: | Line 696: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | ||
=== D === | === D === | ||
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| valley | | valley | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dom <br> | | dom <br> [z domu] | ||
| house <br> | | house <br> [maiden name, from the house of] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| datąd | | datąd | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | ||
=== E === | === E === | ||
| Line 1,507: | Line 1,548: | ||
| [house of prayer, synagogue] | | [house of prayer, synagogue] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mojzeszowy | | mojzeszowy; mojżeszowe | ||
| Jewish | | Jewish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 2,514: | Line 2,555: | ||
| synowie | | synowie | ||
| sons | | sons | ||
|- | |||
| szanowny | |||
| honorable | |||
|- | |- | ||
| sześć | | sześć | ||
| Line 3,162: | Line 3,206: | ||
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | {{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}} | ||
[[Category:Poland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List|Polish Language]] [[Category:Russia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Belarus|Polish Language]] [[Category: | [[Category:Poland Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List|Polish Language]] [[Category:Russia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Belarus|Polish Language]] [[Category:Czechia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Slovakia Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Ukraine Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Lithuania|Polish Language]] | ||