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Occupations are an important tool for the family history researcher. They help us to identify the same person when there are others in the same record by the same name. They help us to understand our ancestors life circumstances. <br>
==Online Resources==
*'''1752-1941''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20339/sweden-sailors-seamen%E2%80%99s-house-enrollments?s=275764761 Sweden, Sailors and Seamen’s House Enrollments] at MyHeritage — index ($)


Occupations were also a measure of social status. Some trades were viewed as more prestigious than others. For example, goldsmiths had more prestige than shoemakers. Many trades, such as butchers, tanners, shoemakers, tailors, and others were organized into guilds, which were in charge of training apprentices and regulating a trade's practice in an area. <br>
==Occupations==


This occupational word list is under construction. It contains all the occupations found in the old Swedish Genealogical Word list (published by the Family History Library), along with new entries from other sources. The intention is to improve the old list. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br>  
Occupations are an important tool for the family history researcher. They help us to identify the same person when there are others in the same record by the same name. They help us to understand our ancestors’ life circumstances. <br>  


{| class="sortable" border="1"
Occupations were also a measure of social status. Some trades were viewed as more prestigious than others. For example, goldsmiths had more prestige than shoemakers. Many trades, such as butchers, tanners, shoemakers, tailors, and others were organized into guilds, which were in charge of training apprentices and regulating a trade's practice in an area. Many guild records are in the Nordiska Museet collection in Stockholm. Do a search for the word '''Skråarkiv''' in [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/nad Nationell Arkivdatabas].<br>
|+ '''Sortable table'''  
 
This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Occupation
!Short definition
!Full definition
|-
|abbot
|abbot
|
|-
|accismästare
|customs officer
|Customs officer, who collected duty on goods at the entrance of a city (Lilla landtullen). He also made sure the merchants and the tradesmen paid duty on their goods they had in stock.
|-
|ackuschörska
|a midwife
|<br>
|-
|adelsbussar
|(military) soldier of lower rank
|A soldier of lower rank and less pay than a non-commissioned officer but with higher pay than the enlisted soldier. Often a young nobleman, who joined the army as a volunteer.
|-
|adelsman
|nobleman
|
|-
|adelssven
|page (youth)
|A young nobleman, who worked at a Royal Court.
|-
|adjunctus sacri ministerii
|(latin) pastorsadjunkt
|see adjunkt
|-
|adjunkt
|teacher
|(civil) teacher, 2nd level university, higher learning, or seminary; (ecclesiastical) pastorsadjunkt or pastoratsadjunkt
|-
|administer, administra
|(latin) attendant, and assistant
|
|-
|administrator
|(latin) administrator
|
|-
|advocat
|lawyer, attorney
|
|-
|advocatus ecclesiae
|(latin) lawyer of the assembly
|
|-
|aedituus
|(latin) keeper of the sacristy
|person in charge of the sacristy and ceremonial equipment
|-
|aftonsångspredikant
|evening-service preacher
|
|-
|agent
|agent, representative
|
|-
|aktor
|accuser, impeacher, prosecutor
|
|-
|aktris
|actress
|female play actor, performer
|-
|aktör
|actor
|male play actor, performer
|-
|allmänningsbonde
|common farmer, peasant, or man
|
|-
|allmäningskarl
|common farmer, peasant, or man
|
|-
|amiral
|admiral (military)
|
|-
|anförare
|leader, chief, commander, captain-general, captain (1788)
|
|-
|angivare
|informer (1788)
|
|-
|anklagare
|accuser, impeacher (1788)
|
|-
|ansättare
|(military) rammer
|service position with ramrods
|-
|apotekare
|pharmaceutical chemist, pharmacist
|
|-
|arbetare
|worker, laborer
|
|-
|arbetskarl
|male worker, workman, laborer
|
|-
|arbetsman
|male worker, workman, laborer
|
|-
|arbk.
|abbreviation for arbetskarl
|male worker, workman, laborer
|-
|arkebusier
|(military) member of firing squad
|arkebusera is to shoot by order of the court
|-
|arkibiskop
|(1788) archbishop
|modern Swedish ärkebiskop
|-
|arklimästare
|(military) gunner
|gunner's mate, quarter gunner (from 1829)
|-
|arrendator
|tenant farmer, leaseholder
|A person whose occupation is based upon a lease agreement (''arrendekontrakt''). This contract could be for the usage of land, hunting rights, or the use of outbuildings in exchange for an agreed amount of money, commodities, or land products. The contract was subject to specific conditions of usage and dates of validity that were agreed upon between the lessor and lessee.
|-
|artillerist
|(military) man of the artillery
|
|-
|artillerikonstapel
|(military) bombardier
|
|-
|assessor
|assessor
|
|-
|assuradör
|insurer, underwriter
|
|-
|auktionist, auktionskommissarie
|auctioneer
|one who performs auctions for public sale
|-
|auktor, autor
|author
|author, penman, writer (1829)
|-
|avisskrivare
|newswriter
|gazetteer, or newswriter
|-
|avskedad soldat
|discharged, resigned soldier
|
|-
|avskrivare (1788)
|transcriber, copier
|
|-
|axplockare
|gleaner
|gleaning, earing, after gathering
|-
|backstuguhjon
|cottager (1788)
|see backstugusittare
|-
|backstugusittare
|cottager
|one who lived in a small cottage, dugout, or hut. See: [[Swedish Occupation: Backstugusittare|Backstugusittare]]
|-
|badare
|keeper of a bath house (1788)
|
|-
|badaremästare
|barber surgeon
|
|-
|badmästare
|bath-keeper
|(1889)
|-
|bagare
|baker
|
|-
|bagaregesäll
|baker's man
|
|-
|bagarelärling
|baker's apprentice, baker's boy, bread chipper
|
|-
|bagaremästare
|master baker
|
|-
|banérförare
|(military) standard bearer, ensign bearer
|
|-
|banérherre
|(military) banneret
|
|-
|banér-riddare
|(military) knight banneret
|
|-
|bankvaktmästare
|porter, messenger at a bank
|
|-
|banmästare
|overseer of a railway line
|
|-
|barberare
|barber, shaver
|
|-
|barberarebiträde
|barber's assistant
|
|-
|barberaregesäll
|journeyman barber
|
|-
|barberarelärling
|barber's apprentice
|
|-
|barkare
|tanner
|(1829)
|-
|barnförlossare
|male midwife
|
|-
|barnmorska
|female midwife
|
|-
|barnpiga
|maid for children
|
|-
|barnsköterska
|female nurse (not wet nurse)
|
|-
|baron
|baron
|baron is a title used later for friherrar. Between 1626 and 1719 the nobility was divided into three classes. Friherrar belonged to the second class, yet still considered high nobility. After the dismantlement of the classes, the friherrar continued as nobility (some titled, others not) with a coat of arms.
|-
|basunist
|trumpeter
|performer on the trumpet, or trombone
|-
|bataljonsadjuntant
|(military) sergeant-major
|
|-
|bataljonschef
|(military) commander of a battalion
|
|-
|batterikonstapel
|(military) battalion bombardier
|
|-
|bedragare
|cheat, impostor, deceiver
|
|-
|befallningshavande
|governor, magistrate, officer in command
|Kungens ...His Majesties county government board, high sheriff
|-
|befallningsman
|bailiff, husbandry, overseer
|
|-
|befallningsman (konungens)
|county governor
|Also seen as abbreviation ''befalm''.
|-
|befaren båtsman
|(military) traveling sailor
|
|-
|befordrare
|promoter, advancer, forwarder, furtherer (1788)
|
|-
|befällningshavande
|officer in command
|
|-
|beherskare
|commander (1788), ruler, master, monarch, overruler, controller (1889)
|
|-
|bensamlare
|rag and bone seller, bone hunter
|
|-
|bergmästare
|minemaster (1829)
|mineral surveyor as a government official (1889)
|-
|bergsarbetare
|miner
|
|-
|bergsbruksidkare
|mining man
|
|-
|bergsfogde
|bailiff of a mine
|a subordinate officer whose business lies in affairs relating to the mines (1788)
|-
|bergshauptman
|mine inspector
|
|-
|bergskarl
|miner
|
|-
|-
! Occupation
|bergslagsman
! Short definition
|miner, proprietor of a mine
! class="unsortable" | Full definition
|
|-
|-
| accismästare
|bergsman
| customs officer
|miner
| &nbsp;see [[Swedish Occupation: Accismästare|Accismästare]]
|part owner of a mine (1788)
|-
|-
| ackuschörska
|bergsprångare
| a midwife
|miner
| <br>
|one who blows up rocks with gunpowder, miner (1788)
|-
|-
| adelsbussar
|bergsråd
| (military) soldier of lower rank
|
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Adelsbussar|Adelsbussar]]
|counsellor in the board relating to mineral affairs (1788)
|-
|-
| adelsman
|beridare
| nobleman
|horsebreaker, riding master
|  
|
|-
|-
| adelssven
|beskattningsman
| page (youth)
|taxer, assessor
| A young nobleman, who worked at a Royal Court.
|
|-
|-
| adjunctus archipraepositi, archipr. adj.
|beslagare
| (latin)  
|seizer, confiscator, setter
|
|a kind of bailiff (1788)
|-
|-
| adjunctus ex officio
|beslagskarl
| (latin)
|see beslagare
|  
|
|-
|-
| adjunctus sacri ministerii
|besökare
| (latin)  
|customs official (1889), visitor (modern)
|  
|
|-
|-
| administer, administra
|betalare
| (latin)  
|paymaster (1788)
|  
|
|-
|-
| administrator, pradii
|betjänt
| (latin)
|servant, civil servant
|  
|
|-
|-
| advocatus ecclesiae
|bettlare
| (latin)
|beggar
|  
|
|-
|-
| aedituus
|bevaktare
| (latin)
|guard, keeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| aftonsångspredikant
|bevakningsbefälhavare
| evening-service preacher
|captain of the watch
|  
|
|-
|-
| aktor
|bevarare
| accuser, impeacher, prosecutor
|preserver, saver, conservator
|  
|
|-
|-
| aktris
|beväringskarl
| actress
|militia man, conscript
| female play actor, performer
|
|-
|-
| aktör
|beväringsman
| actor
|militia man, conscript
| male play actor, performer
|
|-
|-
| allmänningsbonde, allmäningskarl
|bibliotekarie
| common - farmer, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -peasant, -man
|librarian
|  
|
|-
|-
| ansättare
|bijouterihandlare
| (military) rammer
|dealer in jewelry, trinkets
| service position with ramrods
|
|-
|-
| apotekare
|bildhuggare
| pharmaceutical chemist, pharmacist
|sculptor, statuary, carver
|  
|
|-
|-
| arbetare
|bildskärare
| worker, workman, laborer
|se bildsnidare
|  
|
|-
|-
| arbetsman
|bildsnidare
| male worker, workman, laborer
|sculptor
|  
|
|-
|-
| arbk.
|biljettförsäljare
| abbreviation for arbetskarl
|ticket seller, booking clerk
| male worker, workman, laborer
|
|-
|-
| arkebusier
|biljettförsäljerska
| (military) member of firing squad
|ticket seller, booking clerk (woman)
| arkebusera is to shoot by order of the court
|
|-
|-
| arklimästare
|bilöpare
| (military) gunner
|interloper
| gunner's mate, quarter gunner (from 1829)
|a illegal or unlicensed trader
|-
|-
| arrendator
|bindare
| tenant farmer, leaseholder
|tier, binder, fastener
| &nbsp;see [[Swedish Occupation: Arrendator|Arrendator]]
|for example net making
|-
|-
| artillerist
|biodlare
| (military) man of the artillery
|bee-keeper, bee-master, apiarist
|  
|
|-
|-
| artillerikonstapel
|biskop
| (military) bombardier
|bishop
|  
|sometimes abbreviated as bisp.
|-
|-
| assessor
|biskötare
| assessor
|bee-keeper, bee-master
|  
|
|-
|-
| assuradör
|biträde
| insurer, underwriter
|assistant
|  
|
|-
|-
| auktionist, auktionskommissarie
|bjudare
| auctioneer
|inviter, asker, offerer, bidder
| one who performs auctions for public sale
|
|-
|-
| auktor, autor
|bleckslagare
| author
|tin smith, white smith, tinner, tinman
| author, penman, writer (1829)
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith: see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| avisskrivare
|blockmakare
| newswriter
|block maker, pulley maker
| gazetteer, or newswriter
|
|-
|-
| avskedad soldat
|blodigelodlare
| discharged, resigned soldier
|cultivator of leeches
|  
|
|-
|-
| axplockare
|blomsterhandlare
| gleaner
|flower seller (male)
| gleaning, earing, after gathering
|also known as blomstermånglare
|-
|-
| backstugusittare
|blomsterhandlerska
| cottager
|flower seller (female)
| one who lived in a small cottage, dugout, or hut
|also known as blomstermånglerska
|-
|-
| badaremästare
|blomsterodlare
| barber surgeon
|cultivator of flowers, florist
|  
|
|-
|-
| badmästare
|blossbärare
| bath-keeper
|torch-bearer
| (1889)
|
|-
|-
| bagare
|blyarbetare
| baker
|lead worker, plumber
|  
|
|-
|-
| bagaregesäll
|blyfalsare
| baker's man
|plumber
|  
|
|-
|-
| bagarelärling
|blystöpare
| baker's apprentice, baker's boy, bread chipper
|plumber
|  
|
|-
|-
| bagaremästare
|blytäckare
| master baker
|plumber
|  
|
|-
|-
| banérförare
|bodbetjent
| (military) standard bearer, ensign bearer
|shopkeeper's clerk, shopman, counterman
|  
|
|-
|-
| banérherre
|boddräng
| (military) banneret
|shop hand
|  
|
|-
|-
| banér-riddare
|bodflicka
| (military) knight banneret
|shop girl, shop maid
|  
|
|-
|-
| bankvaktmästare
|bodgosse
| porter, messenger at a bank
|shop boy, shop keepers apprentice
|  
|
|-
|-
| banmästare
|bodhandlare
| overseer of a railway line
|shopkeeper, tradesman
|  
|
|-
|-
| barberare
|bodmamsell
| barber, shaver
|shop girl, shop woman
|  
|
|-
|-
| barberarebiträde
|bokbindare
| barber's assistant
|bookbinder
|  
|
|-
|-
| barberaregesäll
|bokförare
| journeyman barber
|book keeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| barberarelärling
|bokhandlare
| barber's apprentice
|bookseller
|  
|
|-
|-
| barkare
|bokhållare
| tanner
|book keeper
| (1829)
|same as bokförare
|-
|-
| barnförlossare
|bokhäftare
| male midwife
|book stitcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| barnmorska
|bokmakare
| female midwife
|book wright, book maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| barnpiga
|bonde
| maid for children
|farmer, peasant, countryman, husbandman
|  
|
|-
|-
| barnsköterska
|bondedräng
| female nurse (not wet nurse)
|farm hand
|  
|a farmer's man, young peasant
|-
|-
| baron
|bondeflicka
| baron
|country girl
| baron is a title used later for friherrar. Between 1626 and 1719 the nobility was divided into three classes. Friherrar belonged to the second class, yet still considered high nobility. After the dismantlement of the classes, the friherrar continued as nobility (some titled, others not) with a coat of arms.
|
|-
|-
| basunist
|bondepiga
| trumpeter
|peasant's maid
| performer on the trumpet, or trombone
|
|-
|-
| bataljonsadjuntant
|borgare
| (military) sergeant-major
|citizen, burgher
|
|member of the bourgeois, townsman, tradesman, citizen of a city (meaning certain rights within the city)
|-
|-
| bataljonschef
|borgmästare
| (military) commander of a battalion
|mayor
|  
|in England and North America.. mayor, in Scotland.. provost, in Holland, Belgium, Flanders, and Germany.. burgomaster.
|-
|-
| batterikonstapel
|borrare
| (military) battalion bombardier
|borer, driller, piercer, perforator
|  
|
|-
|-
| befallningshavande
|borrmakare
| governor, military- commander, chief
|bit forger
|  
|a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
|-
|-
| befallningsman
|borrsmed
| bailiff, husbandry, overseer
|bit smith
|  
|a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits  If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| befallningsman (konungens),
|boskapshandlare
| county governor
|dealer of livestock
| Also seen as abbreviation befalm.
|
|-
|-
| befaren båtsman
|boskapsherde
| (military) traveling sailor
|herdsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| befälhavande
|boskapsskötare
| officer in command
|stockman
|  
|
|-
|-
| bensamlare
|boskapsvaktare
| rag and bone seller, bone hunter
|herdsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergmästare
|boställshavare
| minemaster (1829)  
|holder (occupier) of (an official) residence
| mineral surveyor as a government official (1889)
|
|-
|-
| bergsarbetare
|bouppteckningsman
| miner
|person who inventories (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergsbruksidkare
|boutredningsman
| mining man
|administrator
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergsfogde
|brandmästare
| bailiff of a mine
|fire warden
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergshauptman
|braständare
| mine inspector
|fire lighter
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergskarl
|brevbärare
| miner
|letter carrier, postman
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergslagsman
|brevdragare
| miner, proprietor of a mine
|see brevbärare
|  
|
|-
|-
| bergsman
|brevskrivare
| miner
|letter writer
|  
|
|-
|-
| beridare
|brevställare
| horsebreaker, riding master
|see brevskrivare
|  
|
|-
|-
| beskattningsman
|brobyggare
| taxer, assessor
|bridge builder
|  
|
|-
|-
| beslagare
|broderare
| seizer, confiscator, setter
|embroiderer
|  
|
|-
|-
| beslagskarl
|broläggare
| see beslagare
|bridge builder, paver
|  
|
|-
|-
| besökare
|bromästare
| customs official (1889), visitor (modern)
|bridge master
|  
|
|-
|-
| betjänt
|bronsarbetare
| servant, civil servant
|worker in bronze
|  
|
|-
|-
| bettlare
|bronsgjutare
| beggar
|bronze founder, brazier
|  
|
|-
|-
| bevaktare
|brottmålsdomare
| guard, keeper
|judge criminal
|  
|
|-
|-
| bevakningsbefälhavare
|brottmålsnoterie
| captain of the watch
|crown clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| bevarare
|brovaktare
| preserver, saver, conservator
|guard of a bridge
|  
|
|-
|-
| beväringskarl
|brovindare
| militia man, conscript
|bridge driver
|  
|
|-
|-
| beväringsman
|brukare
| recruit, conscript
|user, employer, (in the case of arrendator) a tenant, leaseholder
|  
|
|-
|-
| bibliotekarie
|bruksarbetare
| librarian
|factoryman, workman employed on a manufacturing estate; workman in the employment of the iron works, foundryman, mill hand
|  
|
|-
|-
| bijouterihandlare
|bruksegare
| dealer in jewelry, trinkets
|proprietor of a manufacturing estate
|  
|
|-
|-
| bildhuggare
|bryggare
| sculptor, statuary, carver
|brewer
|  
|
|-
|-
| bildskärare
|brännmästare
| se bildsnidare
|master distiller
|  
|
|-
|-
| bildsnidare
|brännvinsbrännare
| sculptor
|brandy distiller
|  
|
|-
|-
| biljettförsäljare
|buntmakare
| ticket seller, booking clerk
|fur merchant, furrier, fellmonger
|  
|
|-
|-
| biljettförsäljerska
|byfogde
| ticket seller, booking clerk (woman)
|hamlet bailiff
|  
|
|-
|-
| bilöpare
|byggare, byggkarl
| interloper
|builder, architect, constructor, founder
| a illegal or unlicensed trader
|
|-
|-
| bindare
|byggmästare
| tier, binder, fastener
|master builder, contractor
| for example net making
|
|-
|-
| biodlare
|bykerska
| bee-keeper, bee-master, apiarist
|washerwoman
|  
|
|-
|-
| biskop
|byskomakare
| bishop
|village shoemaker
| sometimes abbreviated as bisp.
|
|-
|-
| biskötare
|bågflytt
| bee-keeper, bee-master
|archer, bowman
|  
|
|-
|-
| biträde
|båtsman, b.m., B.m.
| assistant
|(military) seaman, sailor
|  
|
|-
|-
| bjudare
|bälgmakare
| inviter, asker, offerer, bidder
|bellows-maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| bleckslagare
|bödel
| tin smith, white smith, tinner, tinman
|executioner
|  
|
|-
|-
| blockmakare
|bösseskytt
| block maker, pulley maker
|(military)
|  
|
|-
|-
| blodigelodlare
|bössmed
| cultivator of leeches
|gunsmith
|  
|
|-
|-
| blomsterhandlare
|cantor
| flower seller (male)  
|(latin)
| also known as blomstermånglare
|in latin refers to singing or music, in the church records see klockare
|-
|-
| blomsterhandlerska
|curatus
| flower seller (female)  
|(latin)
| also known as blomstermånglerska
|kyrkopräst, kyrkoherde, kapellan
|-
|-
| blomsterodlare
|custod
| cultivator of flowers, florist
|(latin)
|  
|guardian, watchman, keeper, attendant
|-
|-
| blossbärare
|d., dr.
| torch-bearer
|abbreviation for dräng
|  
|
|-
|-
| blyarbetare
|dagkarl, daglönare
| lead worker, plumber
|day laborer
|  
|
|-
|-
| blyfalsare
|danneman
| plumber
|yeoman, countryman, farmer
|  
|
|-
|-
| blystöpare
|degn
| plumber
|assistant to the priest
|  
|The term "degn" is a Danish title for an assistant to the parish priest. The term can be found in the records for areas of modern Sweden that have Danish roots (Skåne, Halland, etc.)
|-
|-
| blytäckare
|deja, dejpiga
| plumber
|maidservant, milkmaid
|  
|
|-
|-
| bodbetjent
|demoiselle
| shopkeeper's clerk, shopman, counterman
|Miss
|  
|
|-
|-
| boddräng
|d.g.
| shop hand
|
|  
|
|-
|-
| bodflicka
|disponent
| shop girl, shop maid
|manager, gerant, agent, managing clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| bodgosse
|domare
| shop boy, shop keepers apprentice
|judge
|  
|
|-
|-
| bodhandlare
|domesticus
| shopkeeper, tradesman
|(latin)
|  
|servant, one who serves in a household
|-
|-
| bodmamsell
|domprost
| shop girl, shop woman
|dean
|  
|see also prestman
|-
|-
| bokbindare
|dr.
| bookbinder
|abbreviation for dräng
|  
|
|-
|-
| bokförare
|drabant, dravant
| book keeper
|(military) yeoman of the guard, beefeater
|  
|
|-
|-
| bokhandlare
|dragon
| bookseller
|(military) heavy and light cavalryman
|  
|
|-
|-
| bokhållare
|dräng, dr.
| book keeper
|farmhand, man servant, bachelor
| same as bokförare
|
|-
|-
| bokhäftare
|däga
| book stitcher
|see deja
|  
|
|-
|-
| bokmakare
|emigrantagent
| book wright, book maker
|emigrant agent
|  
|
|-
|-
| bonde
|emigrantvärvare
| farmer, peasant, countryman, husbandman
|emigrant agent
|  
|
|-
|-
| bondedräng
|extra roteringsmän
| farm hand
|
| a farmer's man, young peasant
|
|-
|-
| bondeflicka
|fabriksarbetare
| country girl
|factory worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| bondepiga
|famnmätare
| peasant's maid
|corder of wood
|  
|
|-
|-
| borgare
|fanjunkare
| citizen, burgher
|(military) sergeant major, staff sergeant, quartermaster sergeant (1889)
| member of the bourgeois, townsman, tradesman, citizen of a city (meaning certain rights within the city)
|
|-
|-
| borgmästare
|fatburshustru
| mayor
|wife of a storekeeper
| in England and North America.. mayor, in Scotland.. provost, in Holland, Belgium, Flanders, and Germany.. burgomaster.
|
|-
|-
| borrare
|fatburssven
| borer, driller, piercer, perforator
|storehouse apprentice
|  
|
|-
|-
| borrmakare
|fattighjon
| bit forger
|pauper
| a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
|
|-
|-
| borrsmed
|filtare
| bit smith
|felter
| a smith that makes drilling and chiseling bits
|
|-
|-
| boskapshandlare
|finbagare
| dealer of livestock
|pastry cook
|  
|
|-
|-
| boskapsherde
|fiolmakare
| herdsman
|violen maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| boskapsskötare
|fiskare
| stockman
|fisherman
|  
|
|-
|-
| boskapsvaktare
|fiskarflicka
| herdsman
|fisher girl
|  
|
|-
|-
| boställshavare
|fiskargosse
| holder (occupier) of (an official) residence
|fisher boy
|  
|
|-
|-
| bouppteckningsman
|fiskhandlare
| person who inventories (1889)
|fish salesman, fish hawker
|  
|
|-
|-
| boutredningsman
|fjerdingsman
| administrator
|under bailiff of a härad
|  
|
|-
|-
| brandmästare
|fjäderarbetare
| fire warden
|feather maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| braständare
|fjärdingsman
| fire lighter
|see fjerdingsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| brevbärare
|flickare
| letter carrier, postman
|cobbler, botcher, patcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| brevdragare
|fogde
| see brevbärare
|governor (of a castle), or steward of a manor (1829 and 1889)
|  
|also means sheriff, bailiff, marshall (1944)
|-
|-
| brevskrivare
|forbonde
| letter writer
|carter, wagoner
|  
|
|-
|-
| brevställare
|forman
| see brevskrivare
|see forbonde
|  
|
|-
|-
| brobyggare
|formare
| bridge builder
|moulder (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| broderare
|friborgare
| embroiderer
|freeman, citizen of a freetown (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| broläggare
|frihandlare
| bridge builder, paver
|free trader
|  
|
|-
|-
| bromästare
|friherre
| bridge master
|baron
|  
|
|-
|-
| bronsarbetare
|friherrinna
| worker in bronze
|baroness
|  
|
|-
|-
| bronsgjutare
|fru
| bronze founder, brazier
|Mrs.
|  
|
|-
|-
| brottmålsdomare
|frälse
| judge criminal
|nobility
|  
|
|-
|-
| brottmålsnoterie
|frälsebonde
| crown clerk
|a farmer who holds his land of a nobleman, chief tenant
|  
|
|-
|-
| brovaktare
|frälsetorpare
| guard of a bridge
|see frälsebonde
|  
|
|-
|-
| brovindare
|fröken
| bridge driver
|lady, honorable Miss
|  
|
|-
|-
| brukare
|fyrvaktare
| user, employer, (in the case of arrendator) a tenant, leaseholder
|lighthouse man
|  
|
|-
|-
| bruksarbetare
|fyrverkare
| factoryman, workman employed on a manufacturing estate; workman in the employment of the iron works, foundryman, mill hand
|(military) fire worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| bruksegare
|fågelfängare
| proprietor of a manufacturing estate
|bird catcher, birder, birdman
|  
|
|-
|-
| bryggare
|fånggevald, fånggevaldiger
| brewer
|A person who guards prisoners during transporting of prisoners
|  
|
|-
|-
| brännmästare
|fårherde
| master distiller
|sheep tender, shepherd
|  
|
|-
|-
| brännvinsbrännare
|fårklippare
| brandy distiller
|sheep shearer
|  
|
|-
|-
| buntmakare
|fädräng
| fur merchant, furrier, fellmonger
|male herdsman, working with cattle
|  
|
|-
|-
| byfogde
|fäflicka
| hamlet bailiff
|female herder, working with cattle
|  
|
|-
|-
| byggare, byggkarl
|fäktmästare
| builder, architect, constructor, founder
|fencing master, master swordsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| byggmästare
|fältbagare
| master builder, contractor
|army baker
|  
|
|-
|-
| bykerska
|fältjägare
| washerwoman
|army ranger
|  
|
|-
|-
| byskomakare
|fältpredikant
| village shoemaker
| army chaplain
|  
|
|-
|-
| bågflytt
|fältskär
| archer, bowman
|assistant army surgeon, barber- surgeon
|  
|
|-
|-
| båtsman, b.m., B.m.
|fältväbel
| (military) seaman, sailor
|(military) sergeant major
|  
|
|-
|-
| bälgmakare
|fänrik
| bellows-maker
| (military) ensign (carries a banner), junior lietutenant
|  
|also seen as fändrik
|-
|-
| bödel
|färgare
| executioner
|dyer, stainer
|  
|
|-
|-
| bösseskytt
|färgaregesäll
| (military)
|journeyman dyer
|  
|
|-
|-
| bössmed
|färikarl
| gunsmith
|ferryman (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| cantor
|färsing
| (latin)
|weaver, common weaver
| see klockare
|
|-
|-
| commissarius
|fästebonde
| (latin)  
|a tenant farmer
|
|This farmer works a farm under contract (fästebrev) from a main farm
|-
|-
| curatus
|förare
|  
|carrier, transporter, conductor, military: NCO, sergeant
|  
|meaning varies with context: profession- conductor, railroad- guard, guider, travel- guide, leader, navigator, escort
|-
|-
| custod
|föreståndare
| (latin)
|manager
|  
|manager of a school, or poor house, can also mean warden of a hospital
|-
|-
| d., dr.
|förpaktare
| abbreviation for dräng
|tenant farmer, leaseholder
|  
|alias to arrendator
|-
|-
| dagkarl, daglönare
|förpantare
| day laborer
|mortgager,
|  
|
|-
|-
| danneman
|försvarslös
| yeoman, countryman, farmer
|unemployed person, vagrant, vagabond
|  
|also means defenseless
|-
|-
| degn
|garnhandlare
| assistant to the priest
|dealer in wools
| The term "degn" is a Danish title for an assistant to the parish priest. The term can be found in the records for areas of modern Sweden that have Danish roots (Skåne, Halland, etc.)
|
|-
|-
| deja, dejpiga
|garnisonssoldat
| maidservant, milkmaid
|soldier in garrison duty
|  
|
|-
|-
| demoiselle
|garvare
| Miss
|tanner (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| d.g.
|gaständare
|  
|gas lighter
|  
|
|-
|-
| domare
|generalbefälhavare
| judge
|commanding general of a district
|  
|
|-
|-
| domesticus
|generallöjtnant
| (latin)
|lieutenant general
|  
|
|-
|-
| domestik
|gesäll
| (latin)
|journeyman
|  
|often abbreviated as gs
|-
|-
| domherre
|gjutare
| (latin)
|caster, founder, moulder
|  
|works at a foundry
|-
|-
| domprost
|glasarbetare
| see prestman
|glass worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| dompräst
|glasblåsare
|  
|glassblower
|  
|
|-
|-
| dr.
|glasfabrikant
| abbreviation for dräng
|glassmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| drabant, dravant
|glashandlare
| (military) yeoman of the guard, beefeater
|glassman
|  
|
|-
|-
| dragon
|glasmakare, glasverkare
| (military) heavy and light cavalryman
|glassmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| dräng, dr.
|glasmålare
| farmhand, man servant, bachelor
|glass painter
|  
|
|-
|-
| däga
|glasslipare
| see deja
|glass cutter, glass grinder
|  
|
|-
|-
| emigrantagent
|glasögonmakare
| emigrant agent
|maker of glasses, spectacle maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| emigrantvärvare
|glättare
| emigrant agent
|glosser, glazer, levigator
|  
|
|-
|-
| extra roteringsmän
|gratialist
|  
|pensionary (1889)
|  
|person who receives or lives on a pension
|-
|-
| fabriksarbetare
|grenadjär
| factory worker
|(military) grenadier, infantryman
|  
|
|-
|-
| famnmätare
|grosshandlare
| corder of wood
|merchant, wholesale merchant, dealer
|  
|
|-
|-
| fanjunkare
|gruvarbetare
| standard bearer, guidon
|miner
|  
|
|-
|-
| fatburshustru
|gruvbrytare
| wife of a storekeeper
|miner
|  
|
|-
|-
| fatburssven
|gruvförvaltare
| storehouse apprentice
|mine owner, puser to a mining company
|  
|
|-
|-
| fattighjon
|gruvkarl
| pauper
|see gruvarbetare
|  
|
|-
|-
| filtare
|grönsakshandlare
| felter
|green grocer
|  
|also known as grönsaksmånglare
|-
|-
| finbagare
|gs.
| pastry cook
|
|  
|abbreviation for gesäll
|-
|-
| fiolmakare
|guldarbetare
| violen maker
|goldsmith (1829)
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| fiskare
|guldsmed
| fisherman
|goldsmith (1829)
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| fiskarflicka
|gårdsbrukare
| fisher girl
|farmer
|  
|
|-
|-
| fiskargosse
|gårdsdräng
| fisher boy
|see dräng
|  
|
|-
|-
| fiskhandlare
|gårdsfogde
| fish salesman, fish hawker
|see befallningsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| fjerdingsman
|gästgivare
| under bailiff of a härad
|innkeeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| fjäderarbetare
|gördelmakare, götlemakare
| feather maker
|brazier, girdler (1829, 1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| fjärdingsman
|hammarmästare
| see fjerdingsman
|forge master
|  
|
|-
|-
| flickare
|hammarsmed
| cobbler, botcher, patcher
|forger, hammerman
|  
|
|-
|-
| fogde
|hamnfogde
| governor (of a castle), or steward of a manor (1829 and 1889)
|overseer of a port
| also means sheriff, bailiff, marshall (1944)
|
|-
|-
| forbonde
|hamnkapten
| carter, wagoner
|harbor master
|  
|
|-
|-
| forman
|handelsidkare
| see forbonde
|trader, merchandiser
|  
|
|-
|-
| formare
|handelsman
| moulder (1829)
|merchant, trader
|  
|
|-
|-
| friborgare
|handhavare
| freeman, citizen of a freetown (1829)
|dispenser, administrator, distributor
|  
|
|-
|-
| frihandlare
|handskmakare
| free trader
|glove maker, glover
|  
|
|-
|-
| friherre
|hantverkare
| baron
|artisan, tradesman, craftsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| friherrinna
|hantverksgesäll
| baroness
|journeyman artisian
|  
|
|-
|-
| fru
|hattmakare
| Mrs.
|hatmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| frälse
|hejdriddare
| nobility
|ranger
|  
|governmental official of the forest and hunting system of greater Sweden
|-
|-
| frälsebonde
|hembiträde
| a farmer who holds his land of a nobleman, chief tenant
|servant girl, maid
|  
|
|-
|-
| frälsetorpare
|hemmansegare
| see frälsebonde
|farm owner
|  
|
|-
|-
| fröken
|hemmansbrukare
| lady, honorable Miss
|farmer
|  
|husbandman (1829) referring to head of household
|-
|-
| fyrvaktare
|hemmansägare
| lighthouse man
|farmer, homeowner
|  
|same as jordegare
|-
|-
| fyrverkare
|herrgårdstjenst
| (military) fire worker
|service at a manor
|  
|
|-
|-
| fågelfängare
|hjon
| bird catcher, birder, birdman
|person (1829, 1889)
|  
|person who belongs to a group for example: tjänstehjon (a servant), inhyseshjon (a tenant), fattighjon (a pauper)
|-
|-
| fårherde
|hjulmakare
| sheep tender, shepherd
|wheelwright, wheeler
|  
|
|-
|-
| fårklippare
|hjulmakardräng
| sheep shearer
|wheelwrights servant or assistant
|  
|
|-
|-
| fädräng
|hjälphjon
| male herdsman, working with cattle
|extra hand or helper
|  
|
|-
|-
| fäflicka
|hjälphustru
| female herder, working with cattle
|helping woman,
|  
|
|-
|-
| fäktmästare
|hovbagare (1829)
| fencing master, master swordsman
|the kings baker
|  
|
|-
|-
| fältbagare
|hovdam (1829)
| army baker
|lady of the court
|  
|
|-
|-
| fältjägare
|hovbetjent (1829)
| hunter (1829)  
|officer of the court
|  
|
|-
|-
| fältpredikant
|hovjunkare (1829)
| army chaplin
|servant to the king
|  
|an officer who on court days sets the dishes on the kings table and carves the meat
|-
|-
| fältskär
|hovkansler
| assistant army surgeon, barber- surgeon
|court chancellor
|  
|
|-
|-
| fältväbel
|hovman (1829)
| (military) sergeant major
|courtier
|  
|
|-
|-
| fänrik
|hudafdragare (1889)
| (military) ensign (carries a banner)
|skinner, flayer
| also seen as fändrik
|
|-
|-
| färgare
|husbonde (1829)
| dyer, stainer
|master of a family or house
|  
|
|-
|-
| färgaregesäll
|husdräng (1829)
| journeyman dyer
|man servant in a house
|  
|
|-
|-
| färikarl
|husfader
| ferryman (1829)
|head of household, father
|  
|
|-
|-
| färsing
|husflicka
| weaver, common weaver
|girl servant in a house
|  
|
|-
|-
| fästebonde
|husfolk
| a tenant farmer
|farmers, farm people
| This farmer works a farm under contract (fästebrev) from a main farm
|
|-
|-
| förare
|hushållare
| carrier, transporter, conductor
|housekeeper
| meaning varies with context: profession- conductor, railroad- guard, guider, travel- guide, leader, navigator, escort
|
|-
|-
| föreståndare
|husjungfru (1829)
| manager
|see hushållerska
| manager of a school, or poor house, can also mean warden of a hospital
|
|-
|-
| förpantare
|husmamsell
| mortgager,
|housekeeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| försvarslös
|husman
| unemployed person, vagrant, vagabond
|tenant farmer
| also means defenseless
|see inhysseshjon, backstuguhjon (1829), see torpare (1889)
|-
|-
| garnhandlare
|husmoder
| dealer in wools
|housewife, mistress of a family
|  
|
|-
|-
| garnisonssoldat
|huspiga
| soldier in garrison duty
|housemaid
|  
|
|-
|-
| garvare
|huspredikant
| tanner (1829)
|private chaplain, house preacher
|  
|
|-
|-
| gaständare
|hustjänare
| gas lighter
|house servant, domestic
|  
|
|-
|-
| generalbefälhavare
|hustru
| commanding general of a district
|wife, mistress of a family
|  
|
|-
|-
| generallöjtnant
|hyttarbetare
| lieutenant general
|smelter, works at a foundry
|  
|
|-
|-
| gesäll
|hållkarl
| journeyman
|hostler
| often abbreviated as gs
|one who takes care of horses or mules
|-
|-
| gjutare
|hårarbetare
| caster, founder, moulder
|hair worker
| works at a foundry
|
|-
|-
| glasarbetare
|häradsbokhållare
| glass worker
|see häradsskrivare
|  
|
|-
|-
| glasblåsare
|häradsdomare
| glassblower
|senior jurate
|  
|the oldest of the jury
|-
|-
| glasfabrikant
|häradsfogde
| glassmaker
|bailiff of a härad (district)
|  
|
|-
|-
| glashandlare
|häradshövding
| glassman
|judge of a härad (distirct), circuit judge
|  
|
|-
|-
| glasmakare, glasverkare
|häradsskrivare
| glassmaker
|clerk to assize, deputy clerk
|  
|compiled various tax records for their taxation district (fögderi)
|-
|-
| glasmålare
|hövitsman
| glass painter
|captain
|  
|
|-
|-
| glasslipare
|infanterist
| glass cutter, glass grinder
|foot soldier
|  
|
|-
|-
| glasögonmakare
|inhyses
| maker of glasses, spectacle maker
|to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
|  
|
|-
|-
| glättare
|inhyseshjon
| glosser, glazer, levigator
|to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
|  
|
|-
|-
| grenadjär
|inspektor
| (military) grenadier, infantryman
|inspector
|  
|inspector of a school, or steward. comparable to befallningsman, rättare
|-
|-
| grosshandlare
|inspektör
| merchant, wholesale merchant, dealer
|inspector
|  
|superior, superintendent
|-
|-
| gruvarbetare
|ishandlare
| miner
|ice man, dealer of ice
|  
|
|-
|-
| gruvbrytare
|jagare
| miner
|hunter, chaser, pursuer
|  
|
|-
|-
| gruvförvaltare
|jodgumma (1829)
| mine owner, puser to a mining company
|midwife
|  
|see barnmorska
|-
|-
| gruvkarl
|jordbrukare
| see gruvarbetare
|husbandman (1829)
|  
|cultivator, farmer (1889)
|-
|-
| grönsakshandlare
|jordegare
| green grocer
|landowner, landholder, landlord
| also known as grönsaksmånglare
|
|-
|-
| gs.
|jordegumma
|  
|midwife (1889)
| abbreviation for gesäll
|
|-
|-
| guldarbetare
|jungfru
| goldsmith (1829)
|maiden, virgin, miss, damsel
|  
|
|-
|-
| guldsmed
|junker
| goldsmith (1829)
|young nobleman, squire, lord, master, gentleman
|  
|
|-
|-
| gårdsbrukare
|jurist
| farmer
|lawyer
|  
|
|-
|-
| gårdsdräng
|justitieborgmästare
| see dräng
|recorder
|  
|
|-
|-
| gårdsfogde
|justitieminister
| see befallningsman
|minster of justice
|  
|
|-
|-
| gästgivare
|justitiestatsminister
| innkeeper
|lord high chancellor, lord chief justice
|  
|
|-
|-
| gördelmakare, götlemakare
|juvelerare
| brazier, girdler (1829, 1889)
|jeweller
|  
|
|-
|-
| hammarmästare
|jägare
| forge master
|hunter, huntsman, woodman, ranger
|  
|
|-
|-
| hammarsmed
|jägeribetjent
| forger, hammerman
|gamekeeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| hamnfogde
|jägmästare
| overseer of a port
|master of the forest, forester (government appointment)
|  
|
|-
|-
| hamnkapten
|järnhandlare
| harbor master
|dealer of iron
|  
|
|-
|-
| handelsidkare
|järnvägsarbetare
| trader, merchandiser
|worker on a railway
|  
|
|-
|-
| handelsman
|järnvägsbetjening
| merchant, trader
|service on a railway line
|  
|
|-
|-
| handhavare
|kakelungsmakare
| dispenser, administrator, distributor
|tile manufacturer, tile maker
|  
|used to make tile stoves, or a tile fireplace
|-
|-
| handskmakare
|kammarfru
| glove maker, glover
|bedchamber woman
|  
|
|-
|-
| hantverkare
|kammarjunkare
| artisan, tradesman, craftsman
|gentleman of the king's bedchamber
|  
|
|-
|-
| hantverksgesäll
|kammarjungfru
| journeyman artisian
|see kammarpiga
|  
|
|-
|-
| hattmakare
|kammarjägare
| hatmaker
|rat hunter
|  
|
|-
|-
| hejdriddare
|kammarpiga
| ranger
|lady's maid
| governmental official of the forest and hunting system of greater Sweden
|
|-
|-
| hemmansegare
|kammarskrivare
| farm owner
|clerk in a government office
|  
|
|-
|-
| hemmansbrukare
|kamrerare
| farmer
|accountant, clerk in charge of accounts
| husbandman (1829) referring to head of household
|
|-
|-
| hemmansägare
|kanongjutare
| farmer, homeowner
|cannon founder
| same as jordegare
|founder who makes cannons
|-
|-
| herrgårdstjenst
|kapellmästare
| service at a manor
|chapel master
|  
|
|-
|-
| hjon
|kapellpredikant
| person (1829, 1889)
|preacher at a chapel
| person who belongs to a group for example: tjänstehjon (a servant), inhyseshjon (a tenant), fattighjon (a pauper)
|see kaplan
|-
|-
| hjulmakare
|kaplan, kapellan
| wheelwright, wheeler
|chaplain, out vicar, curate
|  
|
|-
|-
| hjulmakardräng
|kapten
| wheelwrights servant or assistant
|(military) captain
|  
|for example infaterikapten is a captain of infantry soldiers
|-
|-
| hjälphjon
|karduansmakare
| extra hand or helper
|cordwainer, leather dresser
|  
|worker in cordovan leather, leather from Córdoba, Spain
|-
|-
| hjälphustru
|kavallerist
| helping woman,
|(military) cavalryman
|  
|
|-
|-
| hovbagare (1829)
|kedjemakare
| the kings baker
|chain maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hovdam (1829)
|kistmakare
| lady of the court
|box maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hovbetjent (1829)
|kittelbotare, kittelflickare
| officer of the court
|tinker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hovjunkare (1829)
|kittelslagare
| servant to the king
|kettle maker
| an officer who on court days sets the dishes on the kings table and carves the meat
|
|-
|-
| hovkansler
|klampare
| court chancellor
|a foreman at a lumberyard
|  
|A foreman or supervisor at a lumberyard whose task it is to oversee the sorting of wood that is left over from the saw mill. This sorting was organized into six classifications. The classifications vary according to the production.
|-
|-
| hovman (1829)
|klensmed
| courtier
|locksmith, toolmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hudafdragare (1889)
|klockare, klr.
| skinner, flayer
|parish clerk
|  
|During the Middle Ages the klockare was responsible for maintaining and ringing the church bells. Over time, the klockare was given additional duties to assist the parish priest.
|-
|-
| husbonde (1829)
|klockgjutare
| master of a family or house
|bell founder
|  
|
|-
|-
| husdräng (1829)
|klr.
| man servant in a house
|
|  
|abbreviation for klockare
|-
|-
| husfader
|kn.
| head of household, father
|
|  
|abbreviation for knekt
|-
|-
| husflicka
|klädesfärgare
| girl servant in a house
|cloth dyer
|  
|
|-
|-
| husfolk
|klädeshandlare
| farmers, farm people
|cloth merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| hushållare
|klädesvävare
| housekeeper
|cloth weaver
|  
|
|-
|-
| husjungfru (1829)
|klädsömmerska
| see hushållerska
|dressmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| husmamsell
|knalle
| housekeeper
|pedlar, chapman, cheap jack
|  
|
|-
|-
| husman
|knappmakare
| tenant farmer
|button maker
| see inhysseshjon, backstuguhjon (1829), see torpare (1889)
|
|-
|-
| husmoder
|knekt
| housewife, mistress of a family
|(military) soldier, man at arms
|  
|
|-
|-
| huspiga
|knifvässare
| housemaid
|knife sharpener, cutler
|  
|
|-
|-
| huspredikant
|knifsmed
| private chaplain, house preacher
|cutler
|  
|
|-
|-
| hustjänare
|knipare
| house servant, domestic
|nipper
|  
|
|-
|-
| hustru
|knypplare
| wife, mistress of a family
|male lace maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hyttarbetare
|knypplerska
| smelter, works at a foundry
|female lace maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| hållkarl
|koarrendator
| hostler
|see mjölkarrendator
| one who takes care of horses or mules
|
|-
|-
| hårarbetare
|kofferdi
| hair worker
|merchant marine
|  
|
|-
|-
| häradsbokhållare
|kofferdikapten
| see häradsskrivare
|captain of a merchant ship
|  
|
|-
|-
| häradsdomare
|kofferdimatros
| senior jurate
|merchant seaman
| the oldest of the jury
|
|-
|-
| häradsfogde
|koffertsnickare
| bailiff of a härad (district)
|trunk maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| häradshövding
|kokerska
| judge of a härad (distirct), circuit judge
|female cook, cook maid
|  
|
|-
|-
| häradsskrivare
|kogubbe
| clerk to assize, deputy clerk
|cow feeder, cow keeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| hövitsman
|kolarbetare
| captain
|collier
|  
|one that produces charcoal, or coal miner
|-
|-
| infanterist
|kolare
| foot soldier
|coal man, charcoal burner
|  
|
|-
|-
| inhyses
|kolbonde
| to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
|coal carter
|  
|
|-
|-
| inhyseshjon
|kolhandlare
| to live gratis (costless, free) at another persons house, lodger
|coal merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| inspektor
|komminister
| inspector
|perpetual curate
| inspector of a school, or steward. comparable to befallningsman, rättare
|a clergyman in charge of a parish, or a clergyman serving as assistant in a parish
|-
|-
| inspektör
|kommissarie
| inspector
|commissioner
| superior, superintendent
|could have various meanings such as: police superintendent, sheriffs bailiff, military commissary
|-
|-
| ishandlare
|konduktor
| ice man, dealer of ice
|conductor, guard with the railways
|  
|
|-
|-
| jagare
|konduktör
| hunter, chaser, pursuer
|sergeant
|  
|
|-
|-
| jodgumma (1829)  
|konstapel
| midwife
|(police) constable
| see barnmorska
|in the military it can mean corporal, bombardier, gunner, steward
|-
|-
| jordbrukare
|konstnär
| husbandman (1829)
|artist
|  
|
|-
|-
| jordegare
|kontorskrivare
| landowner, landholder, landlord
|clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| jordegumma
|kontraktsprost
| midwife (1889)
|rural dean
|  
|
|-
|-
| jungfru
|kopparslagare
| maiden, virgin, miss, damsel
|coppersmith
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| junker
|koppartryckare
| young nobleman, squire, lord, master, gentleman
|copper plate printer
|  
|
|-
|-
| jurist
|korgarbetare
| lawyer
|basket worker, wicker
|  
|
|-
|-
| justitieborgmästare
|korgflätare
| recorder
|basket maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| justitieminister
|korherre
| minster of justice
|canon
|  
|a clergyman receiving a sum of money for officiating and serving in the church
|-
|-
| justitiestatsminister
|korpral
| lord high chancellor, lord chief justice
|(military) corporal
|  
|
|-
|-
| juvelerare
|kovaktare
| jeweller
|cow keeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| jägare
|kreaturshandlare
| hunter, huntsman, woodman, ranger
|see boskapshandlare
|  
|
|-
|-
| jägeribetjent
|krf., krfi., krfierd, krfj.
| gamekeeper
|
|  
|abbreviation kronofjärdingsman
|-
|-
| jägmästare
|krigsman
| master of the forest, forester (government appointment)
|soldier
|  
|
|-
|-
| järnhandlare
|kronoarrendator
| dealer of iron
|crown tenant, crown peasant
|  
|
|-
|-
| järnvägsarbetare
|kronobefallningsman
| worker on a railway
|see länsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| järnvägsbetjening
|kronobetjäning
| service on a railway line
|police
|  
|
|-
|-
| kakelungsmakare
|kronobonde
| tile manufacturer, tile maker
|crown peasant
| used to make tile stoves, or a tile fireplace
|
|-
|-
| kammarfru
|kronofogde
| bedchamber woman
|high bailiff and collector of taxes
|  
|See [[Swedish Occupation: Kronofogden|Kronofogden]]
|-
|-
| kammarjunkare
|kronojägare
| gentleman of the king's bedchamber
|ranger
|  
|
|-
|-
| kammarjungfru
|kronolänsman, krlmn.
| see kammarpiga
|see länsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| kammarjägare
|kronouppbördsman
| rat hunter
|commissioner of the inland revenue, tax collector
|  
|
|-
|-
| kammarpiga
|krukmakare
| lady's maid
|potter
|  
|
|-
|-
| kammarskrivare
|kryddkrämare
| clerk in a government office
|grocer, storekeeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| kamrerare
|krögare
| accountant, clerk in charge of accounts
|keeper of a public house, tavern keeper, ale draper
|  
|
|-
|-
| kanongjutare
|kurir
| cannon founder
|courier
| founder who makes cannons
|
|-
|-
| kapellmästare
|kusk, kutsk
| chapel master
|coachman
|  
|
|-
|-
| kapellpredikant
|kustuppsyningsman
| preacher at a chapel
|an under officer with the coast guard
| see kaplan
|
|-
|-
| kaplan, kapellan
|kvarnarrendator
| chaplain, out vicar, curate
|renter of a mill
|  
|
|-
|-
| kapten
|kvarnbyggare
| (military) captain
|mill wright
| for example infaterikapten is a captain of infantry soldiers
|
|-
|-
| karduansmakare
|kvarndräng
| cordwainer, leather dresser
|mill hand
| worker in cordovan leather, leather from Córdoba, Spain
|
|-
|-
| kavallerist
|kvarnegare
| (military) cavalryman
|mill owner
|  
|
|-
|-
| kedjemakare
|kvarntullsinspektor
| chain maker
|mill toll inspector
|  
|
|-
|-
| kistmakare
|kypare
| box maker
|wine cooper, cooper
|  
|
|-
|-
| kittelbotare, kittelflickare
|kyrkobetjänare
| tinker
|churchman, clergyman
|  
|
|-
|-
| kittelslagare
|kyrkoföreståndare
| kettle maker
|churchwarden
|  
|
|-
|-
| klampare
|kyrkoherde
| a foreman at a lumberyard
|rector, parson, parish minister
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Klampare|Klampare]]
|
|-
|-
| klensmed
|kyrkovaktare
| locksmith, toolmaker
|church guard, sexton
|  
|
|-
|-
| klockare, klr.
|kyrkvärd
| parish clerk
|churchwarden
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Klockare|Klockare]]
|
|-
|-
| klockgjutare
|käpphandlare
| bell founder
|cane seller, caneman
|  
|
|-
|-
| klr.
|kökbetjäning
|  
|kitchen staff
| abbreviation for klockare
|
|-
|-
| kn.
|kökspiga
|  
|kitchen maid
| abbreviation for knekt
|
|-
|-
| klädesfärgare
|köpman
| cloth dyer
|merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| klädeshandlare
|körsnär
| cloth merchant  
|fur merchant, furrier
|  
|see buntmakare
|-
|-
| klädesvävare
|kötthandlare
| cloth weaver
|meat salesman, butcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| klädsömmerska
|köttmånglare
| dressmaker
|see kötthandlare
|  
|
|-
|-
| knalle
|lackerare
| pedlar, chapman, cheap jack
|one who applies lacquer
|  
|
|-
|-
| knappmakare
|ladugårdsidkare
| button maker
|dairyman
|  
|
|-
|-
| knekt
|ladugårdspiga
| (military) soldier, man at arms
|dairymaid
|  
|
|-
|-
| knifvässare
|laggare
| knife sharpener, cutler
|hooper
|  
|a binder, who fastens or binds as with a hoop
|-
|-
| knifsmed
|lagkarl
| cutler
|lawyer
|  
|<br>
|-
|-
| knipare
|landbo
| nipper
|tenant farmer
|  
|with weaker right than an "åbo" tenant farmer
|-
|-
| knypplare
|landshövding
| male lace maker
|lord lieutenant
|  
|see befallningshavande
|-
|-
| knypplerska
|landsknekt
| female lace maker
|(military) landsquenet
|  
|
|-
|-
| koarrendator
|landskontorist
| see mjölkarrendator
|clerk in receivers office
|  
|
|-
|-
| kofferdi
|landsman
| merchant marine
|fellow countryman, compatriot
|  
|
|-
|-
| kofferdimatros
|landstrykare
| merchant seaman
|vagrant, tramp
|  
|
|-
|-
| koffertsnickare
|landsvägsriddare
| trunk maker
|knight of the road
|  
|can also mean tramp, marauder
|-
|-
| kokerska
|landtbo
| female cook, cook maid
|countryman, person from the country
|  
|
|-
|-
| kogubbe
|landtbrukare
| cow feeder, cow keeper
|farmer, gentleman farmer
|  
|
|-
|-
| kolarbetare
|landtbruksbokhållare
| collier
|under steward
| one that produces charcoal, or coal miner
|
|-
|-
| kolare
|landtbruksinspektor
| coal man, charcoal burner
|land steward
|  
|
|-
|-
| kolbonde
|landtflicka
| coal carter
|country girl
|  
|
|-
|-
| kolhandlare
|landthandlare
| coal merchant
|country shopkeeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| komminister
|landthushållare
| perpetual curate
|husbandman
| a clergyman in charge of a parish, or a clergyman serving as assistant in a parish
|see also jordbrukare
|-
|-
| kommissarie
|landtjunkare
| commissioner
|country squire, country buck, fox hunter
| could have various meanings such as: police superintendent, sheriffs bailiff, military commissary
|
|-
|-
| konduktor
|lantmätare
| conductor, guard with the railways
|a surveyor employed by the National Surveying Office (Lantmäteriet.)
|  
|
|-
|-
| konduktör
|lappare
| sergeant
|patcher, botcher, clouter, cobbler
|  
|
|-
|-
| konstapel
|lappbonde
| (police) constable
|Lapp peasant
| in the military it can mean corporal, bombardier, gunner, steward
|
|-
|-
| konstnär
|lappskarvare
| artist
|botcher, cobbler, arch botcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| kontorskrivare
|lappskräddare
| clerk
|patch tailor, botcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| kontraktsprost
|lastningsbokhållare
| rural dean
|shipping clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| kopparslagare
|legoknekt
| coppersmith
|(military) mercenary
|  
|
|-
|-
| koppartryckare
|likörare
| copper plate printer
|hearse driver
|  
|
|-
|-
| korgarbetare
|liktarskeppare
| basket worker, wicker
|lighterman, bargeman
|  
|
|-
|-
| korgflätare
|limkokare
| basket maker
|glue boiler
|  
|
|-
|-
| korherre
|linberedare
| canon
|flax dresser
| a clergyman receiving a sum of money for officiating and serving in the church
|
|-
|-
| korpral
|linhandlare
| (military) corporal
|dealer in flax, flaxman
|  
|
|-
|-
| kovaktare
|linhäcklare
| cow keeper
|flax dresser
|  
|
|-
|-
| kreaturshandlare
|linvävare
| see boskapshandlare
|linen weaver
|  
|
|-
|-
| krf., krfi., krfierd, krfj.
|livdrabant
|  
|(military) yeoman of the guard
| abbreviation kronofjärdingsman
|
|-
|-
| krigsman
|livdragon
| soldier
|(military) trooper belonging to the dragoons
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronoarrendator
|livgrenadjär
| crown tenant, crown peasant
| (military) soldier belonging tot the grenadiers
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronobefallningsman
|livhussar
| see länsman
|(military) trooper belonging to the hussars
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronobetjäning
|ljusfabrikör
| police
|candlemaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronobonde
|logarvare
| crown peasant
|tanner
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronofogde
|lokomotivförare
| high bailiff and collector of taxes
|locomotive driver, locomotive engineer
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronojägare
|lots
| ranger
|sea pilot
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronolänsman, krlmn.
|lumphandlare
| see länsman
|rag dealer
|  
|
|-
|-
| kronouppbördsman
|lumpsamlare
| commissioner of the inland revenue, tax collector
|ragman, rag picker, bunter
|  
|
|-
|-
| krukmakare
|lånförmedlare
| potter
|negotiator of loans, broker
|  
|
|-
|-
| kryddkrämare
|läkare
| grocer, storekeeper
|doctor
|  
|healer, curer, physician
|-
|-
| krögare
|länsbokhållare
| keeper of a public house, tavern keeper, ale draper
|sheriff clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| kurir
|länsinnehavare
| courier
|tenant of a feud
|  
|
|-
|-
| kusk, kutsk
|länsman
| coachman
|sheriff
|  
|
|-
|-
| kvarnarrendator
|länsåklagare
| renter of a mill
|county prosecutor
|  
|
|-
|-
| kvarnbyggare
|lärare
| mill wright
|teacher
|  
|
|-
|-
| kvarndräng
|lärling
| mill hand
|apprentice
|  
|
|-
|-
| kvarnegare
|löjtnant
| mill owner
|lieutenant
|  
|
|-
|-
| kvarntullsinspektor
|lösdrivare
| mill toll inspector
|vagrant
|  
|
|-
|-
| kypare
|madam
| wine cooper, cooper
|title of a married woman in the working class (1889), Mrs.
|  
|Earlier a title with status between "hustru" (farmers, etc.) and "fru" (noblit, priests, etc.)
|-
|-
| kyrkobetjänare
|madrassmakare
| churchman, clergyman
|mattressmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| kyrkoföreståndare
|magasinbokhållare
| churchwarden
|warehouse clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| kyrkoherde
|magasinsförvaltare
| rector, parson, parish minister
|store keeper, warehouse clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| kyrkovaktare
|magistratsperson
| church guard, sexton
|municipal officer, magistrate, alderman
|  
|
|-
|-
| kyrkvärd
|magistratssekreterare
| churchwarden
|town clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| käpphandlare
|major
| cane seller, caneman
|(military) army major
|  
|
|-
|-
| kökbetjäning
|majorska
| kitchen staff
|wife of a major
|  
|
|-
|-
| kökspiga
|malmbrytare
| kitchen maid
|mine digger, miner
|  
|
|-
|-
| köpman
|malthandlare
| merchant
|dealer in malt, maltman
|  
|
|-
|-
| körsnär
|mamsell
| fur merchant, furrier
|miss
| see buntmakare
|comparable to fröken
|-
|-
| laggare
|mantalskommissarie
|  
|tax collector (for the mantals tax)
|  
|
|-
|-
| lagman, lagsagoman
|manufakturhandlare
|  
|haberdasher
|  
|dealer in mens clothing and accessories
|-
|-
| landbo, landbonde
|marketentare
|  
|sutler
|  
|a civilian provisioner to an army post often with a shop on the post
|-
|-
| landsfiskal
|marketenterska
|  
|canteen woman, sutler wench (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| landsfogde
|marmorarbetare
|  
|marble cutter
|  
|
|-
|-
| landsherre
|maskinarbetare
|  
|mechanic, machinist
|  
|
|-
|-
| landshövitsman
|maskinist
|  
|machinist
|  
|
|-
|-
| landsknekt
|masmästare
| (military)
|smelting master
|  
|
|-
|-
| landsman
|materialförvaltare
|  
|store keeper
|  
|
|-
|-
| landsryttare
|matlagerska
|  
|female cook
|  
|
|-
|-
| lappare
|matmoder
|  
|housewife, mistress of a house
|  
|
|-
|-
| lappskräddare
|matros
|  
|sailor, seaman
|  
|foremast man, tarry sailor, able seaman (1889)
|-
|-
| legoknekt
|mattbindare
| (military)
|mat maker, straw platter
|  
|
|-
|-
| lejdebonde
|matvaruhandlare
|  
|provision merchant, deatler in provisions
|  
|
|-
|-
| lekare
|mejerska
|  
|dairy maid
|  
|
|-
|-
| liggare
|messingsslagare
|  
|brass smith, brazier
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| likare
|messingssmed
|  
|brass smith
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| lineslagare
|metallarbetare
|  
|metal worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| liusmoder
|metallgjutare
|  
|brass founder, brazier
|  
|
|-
|-
| livgrenadjär
|mildsoldat
| (military)
|militiaman
|  
|
|-
|-
| livjägare
|mineralgrävare
| (military)
|miner
|  
|
|-
|-
| losbagare
|minister
|  
|government minister
|  
|
|-
|-
| lots
|minuthandlare
| sea pilot
|retailer
|  
|
|-
|-
| lumpsamlare
|minör
|  
|miner (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| läkare
|mjölhandlare
| doctor
|flour merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| länsman
|mjölkarrendator
| sheriff
|tenant dairy farmer
|  
|
|-
|-
| länsåklagare
|mjölkförsäljare
|  
|milkman
|  
|
|-
|-
| lärare
|mjölkförsäljerska
| teacher
|milkwoman
|  
|
|-
|-
| lärling
|mjölkhustru
| apprentice
|milkwoman
|  
|
|-
|-
| löjtnant
|mjölkpiga
|  
|milkmaid, dairymaid
|  
|
|-
|-
| lösdrivare
|mjöldräng
| vagrant
|miller's man
|  
|
|-
|-
| madrassmakare
|mjölnare
|  
|miller
|  
|
|-
|-
| magasinskarl
|mjölnarhustru
|  
|millers wife
|  
|
|-
|-
| major
|mjölnerska
| (military)
|miller woman
|  
|
|-
|-
| maskinist
|modehandlare
| machinist, engineer
|dealer in fancy goods
|  
|
|-
|-
| matros
|modesömmerska
| sailor, seaman
|milliner (1889)
|  
|a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|-
|-
| ministrant
|modist
|  
|milliner
|  
|a person who designs, makes, trims, or sells women's hats
|-
|-
| mjölkarrendator
|murare
| tenant dairy farmer
|mason
|  
|bricklayer, stone mason
|-
|-
| mjölkdeja
|muraregesäll
|  
|journeyman mason
|  
|
|-
|-
| mjölnare
|murarelärling
| miller
|masons apprentice
|  
|
|-
|-
| mottagare
|murarmästare
|  
|master mason
|  
|
|-
|-
| murare
|mureriarbetare
| mason
|bricklayer
|  
|
|-
|-
| måkare
|murerihandtlangare
|  
|hodman
|  
|a bricklayer's or mason's laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod
|-
|-
| målakarl
|musketerare
|  
|musketeer
|  
|
|-
|-
| målningsman
|målare
|  
|painter, artist
|  
|
|-
|-
| mångare
|målargesäll
|  
|journeyman painter
|  
|
|-
|-
| mästare
|målarmästare
| master  
|master painter
|  
|
|-
|-
| mästerman
|månads karl
|  
|a male worker with a 1 month contract
|  
|
|-
|-
| mästermansbetjänt
|månglerska
|  
|market woman
|  
|could be a variety of goods like, vegetables, fruits, or fish
|-
|-
| mästerska
|månglare
|  
|retailer, dealer of goods like vegetable, fruit, or fish
|  
|
|-
|-
| mästersven
|mältare
|  
|maltman, maltster
|  
|
|-
|-
| mönsterherre
|mästare
|  
|master
|  
|
|-
|-
| mönsterskrivare
|mästergesäll
| (military)
|master journeyman
|  
|
|-
|-
| nattman
|möbelhandlare
|  
|dealer in furniture
|  
|
|-
|-
| nattväktare
|möbelmakare
|  
|cabinet maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| navarsmed
|möbelsnickare
|  
|cabinet maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| nybyggare
|mölnare (1829)
| settler
|see mjölnare
|  
|
|-
|-
| nålhandlare
|mönsterherre
|  
|(military) muster master
|  
|
|-
|-
| nålslipare
|mönsterskrivare
|  
|(military) muster clerk
|  
|keeping record of the military muster rolls
|-
|-
| nämdeman , nm., nman
|mössmakare
| kind of juryman
|cap maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| nötakarl
|nattman
|  
|night man
|  
|
|-
|-
| oftamolog
|nattvaktare
|  
|night watchman
|  
|
|-
|-
| okulist
|nipperhandlare
|  
|milliner, toyman (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| ombudsråd
|nipphandlerska
|  
|dealer in fancy articles (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| omfärdsman
|nybyggare
|  
|settler
|  
|or colonizer
|-
|-
| organist
|nålmakare
|  
|needle maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| oppsnappare
|nämdeman , nm., nman
|  
|juror
|  
| kind of juryman/lay judge
|-
|-
| orgeltrampare
|näringsidkare
|  
|tradesman
|  
|
|-
|-
| ostiarius
|nätbindare
| (latin)
|net maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| packhusinspektor
|officer
|  
|officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| packhuskarl
|okulist
|  
|oculist
|  
|could be for glasses, or eye doctor
|-
|-
| pallbrytare
|ombudsman
|  
|attorney, proctor
|  
|
|-
|-
| paltekvinna
|opperstyrman
|  
|captain's mate
|  
|
|-
|-
| panttorpare
|organist
|  
|organist
|  
|
|-
|-
| pastor
|orgelbyggare
| parish minister
|organ builder
| also known as kyrkoherde and prost
|
|-
|-
| pastor et prepositus, p. et. p.
|orgelnist
| (latin) parish priest
|organist
|  
|
|-
|-
| pastorsadjunkt
|orgelspelare
|  
|organ player
|  
|
|-
|-
| paysagist
|orgeltrampare
|  
|organ blower
|  
|
|-
|-
| paysagist
|osthandlare
|  
|cheese dealer, cheesemongers shop
|  
|
|-
|-
| peppardräng
|ostronhandlare
|  
|oysterman, dealer of oysters
|  
|
|-
|-
| pestgubbe
|oxhandlare
|  
|cattle dealer
|  
|
|-
|-
| p. et. P.
|oxslagtare
| (latin) abbreviation: pastor et prepositus
|beef butcher
| parish priest
|
|-
|-
| pickare
|packhusinspektor
|  
|pack officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| piga
|packhuskarl
| maid, maiden, servant girl
|packer
|  
|
|-
|-
| pipare
|pansarsmed
|  
|armourer
|  
|
|-
|-
| pipplockare
|pantaregare
|  
|owner of a pawn
|  
|
|-
|-
| piprensare
|pantgivare
|  
|mortgager
|  
|
|-
|-
| plikthuggare
|papparbetare
|  
|paste board worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| pockläkare
|pappersfabrikör
|  
|paper maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| polsterer
|pappershandlare
|  
|stationer, paper man, paper merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| portenär
|pappersskärare
|  
|paper cutter
|  
|
|-
|-
| postförare
|pappmakare
|  
|cardboard
|  
|
|-
|-
| postkommissarie
|parfymfabrikant
|  
|perfume manufacturer, perfume maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| postmästare
|parfymhandlare
|  
|perfumer, perfume dealer
|  
|
|-
|-
| preceptor
|parmmätare
|  
|hay measurer
|  
|
|-
|-
| predikant
|pastor
|  
|parish minister, pastor
|  
|also known as kyrkoherde and prost
|-
|-
| principal
|pastor et prepositus, p. et. p.
|  
|(latin) parish priest
|  
|
|-
|-
|  
|pastorsadjunkt
| procurator
|stipendiary curate
|  
|clergyman receiving pay
|-
|-
| profoss
|pelshandlare
| flogmaster (military)
|furrier
|  
|
|-
|-
| prost
|pennberedare
| dean
|pen dispenser
|  
|
|-
|-
| provinsialläkare
|pensionsföreståndare
|  
|master of a boarding school
|  
|
|-
|-
| präst
|perukmakare
| minister
|wig maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| puke
|p. et. P.
|  
|(latin) abbreviation: pastor et prepositus
|  
|parish priest
|-
|-
| pulsator campanae
|piga
| (latin)
|maid, maiden, servant girl, female farmhand
|  
|<br>
|-
|-
| pulsator organi
|pipare
| (latin)
|piper
|  
|
|-
|-
| pungmakare
|pipsmed
|  
|see bössmed
|  
|
|-
|-
| puppmakare
|piskmakare
|  
|whip makeer
|  
|
|-
|-
| pälsare, pälsmakare
|plogsmed
|  
|plough wright
|  
|
|-
|-
| rackare
|plymmakare
|  
|feather maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| rammakare
|plåtslagare
|  
|black smith, worker in sheet iron
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| ramsnickare
|porterbryggare
|  
|brewer of dark ale
|  
|
|-
|-
| raskpassare
|possessionat
|  
|Owner of a manor, usually not of a nobility background
|  
|
|-
|-
| rectrix
|postförare
| (latin)
|mail driver
|  
|
|-
|-
| redsven
|postmästare
|  
|postmaster
|  
|
|-
|-
| reesig
|predikant
| (military)
|preacher, sermoner, sermonizer
|  
|
|-
|-
| regementsknekt
|prest
| (military)  
|priest, parson, minister, clergyman (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| reglerare
|principal
|  
|employer, master
|  
|
|-
|-
| resandefolk
|profoss
|  
|flogmaster (military)
|  
|
|-
|-
| resehandlare
|prost
|  
|dean, sub dean (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| reuter
|provinsialläkare
|  
|district physician, country doctor
|  
|
|-
|-
| riddare
|präst
|  
|minister
|  
|
|-
|-
| ridfogde
|pungmakare
|  
|pouch maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| rostvändare
|rackare
|  
|deputy executioner, flayer, dog and cat killer
|  
|in other contexts it can mean rascal, villain
|-
|-
| roteman
|reesig
|  
|(military)
|  
|
|-
|-
| rotemästare
|regementsknekt
|  
|(military)
|  
|
|-
|-
| roteringsbåtsman
|repslagare
|  
|rope maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| rotesoldat
|resandefolk
| (military) soldier for a district in a parish
|itinerant, or migratory people
|  
|
|-
|-
| rullerska
|resepredikant
|  
|itinerant preacher
|  
|
|-
|-
| rusthållare
|riddare
|  
|knight
|  
|
|-
|-
| ryttare
|ridlärare
| (military) cavalryman
|riding master
|  
|
|-
|-
| ryttmästare
|roddare
|  
|rower, boatsman, oar's man
|  
|
|-
|-
| räckare
|rorgängare
|  
|helmsman, steersman
|  
|
|-
|-
| rådman
|roteman
| councilman
|assistant overseer
|  
|in cities it can mean alderman of a city ward
|-
|-
| rättare
|rotemästare
| farm foreman
|see rotmästare
|  
|
|-
|-
| sacellanus
|rotesoldat
| (latin)  
|(military) soldier for a district in a parish
|  
|
|-
|-
| sacerdos
|rotmästare
| (latin)  
|(military) leader
|  
|it can also mean chief equipper of a soldier
|-
|-
| Sacri Ministerii adjunctus, S.M. adj., S.M.A.
|ruggare
| (latin)
|worker in textile manufacturing
|  
|
|-
|-
| sadelmakare
|rusthållare
|  
|farm owner providing a cavalry soldier and horse and equipment to the army
|  
|a voluntary agreement, in exchange for tax breaks, and not having to provide for a "rote" soldier
|-
|-
| saltmätare
|ryttare
|  
|(military) cavalryman
|  
|
|-
|-
| sartor
|ryttmästare
|  
|captain of a cavalry
|  
|<br>
|-
|-
| satinatär
|rådbisittare
|  
|city councilman
|  
|The primary purpose of a rådbisittare was to oversee the guilds in a city. The rådbisittare was a member of the city council under the mayor (borgmästare) or magistrate. The assignment of a rådbisittare was to watch over the guilds by attending guild meetings. He also worked with the ålderman to take care of economic matters. The position of rådbisittare was for life.
|-
|-
| saxmakare
|rådman
|  
|councilman
|  
|<br>
|-
|-
| segelmakare
|rättare
|  
|overseer (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| segelsömmare
|Sacri Ministerii adjunctus, S.M. adj., S.M.A.
|  
|(latin) assistant priest
|  
|
|-
|-
| sejlare
|Sacri Ministerii Candidat
|  
|(latin) priest in training
|  
|
|-
|-
| sergeant
|sadelmakare
|  
|saddle maker, leather worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| sexman, siäxman
|salthandlare
|  
|dealer of salt, saltman
|  
|
|-
|-
| sillbärare
|saltmätare
|  
|person who measures salt
|  
|
|-
|-
| sexman
|saltpetersjudare/salpetersjudare
| parish caretaker
|a boiler or producer of saltpeter
|  
|see [[Swedish Occupation: Saltpetersjudare|Saltpetersjudare]]
|-
|-
| sjättedomare
|satinvävare
|  
|satin weaver
|  
|
|-
|-
| sjöman
|saxmakare
| sailor, seaman
|maker of scissors, shears, snuffers
|  
|
|-
|-
| skallman
|segelmakare
|  
|sail maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skarprättare
|segelsömmare
| executioner, hangman
|sail maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skarpskytt
|sejlare
| (military) sharpshooter
|cord maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skattearrendator
|sergeant
|  
|sergeant
|  
|
|-
|-
| skattebergsman
|sexmän
|  
|type of parish law enforcement
|  
|In older times the sexmän were a type of police authority for the discipline and order within a parish. The sexmän fined people for being disruptive during church services, sleeping during church services, drunkenness at banquets, or even sexual offenses. They expressed their charges at the parish council in turn, or according to turn based on the commons of each rote. The number of sexmän varied according to the size of the parish. The purpose of sexmän in a parish was deminished after the municipal reforms of 1862. After 1862 the sexmän were occasionally used to support municipal or church councils by delivering notifications or summons to appear before the respective councils (mostly from church councils.) By the early 1900’s the function of the sexmän was given to the fjärdingsman or village patrolmen.
|-
|-
| skattebonde
|silkhandlare
|  
|silk merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| skattelapp
|sillpackare
|  
|herring packer
|  
|
|-
|-
| skattningsman
|sjöman
|  
|sailor, seaman
|  
|
|-
|-
| skeppare
|skarprättare
| skipper
|executioner, hangman
|  
|
|-
|-
| skeppsgosse
|skarpskytt
|  
|(military) sharpshooter
|  
|
|-
|-
| skiftare
|skattebonde
|  
|
|  
|
|-
|-
| skoflickare
|skatteindrivare
|  
|tax collector
|  
|
|-
|-
| skogman
|skeppare
|  
|skipper
|  
|
|-
|-
| skogskommissarie
|skeppsbyggmästare
|  
|master ship builder
|  
|
|-
|-
| skogstorpare
|skeppsgosse
|  
|ship boy
|  
|
|-
|-
| skogvaktare
|skoarbetare
| forester
|shoe maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skollärare
|skogshuggare
| schoolteacher
|wood cutter, lumberer
|  
|
|-
|-
| skomakare
|skogvaktare
| shoemaker
|forester
|  
|
|-
|-
| skottman
|skollärare
|  
|schoolteacher
|  
|
|-
|-
| skråfader
|skomakare
|  
|shoemaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skräddare, skrädkarl
|skomakaregesäll
| tailor
|journeyman shoemaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skrädtigare
|skomakaremästare
|  
|master shoemaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| skuvare
|skråmästare
|  
|master of a guild
|  
|
|-
|-
| skärsant
|skräddare, skrädkarl
|  
|tailor
|  
|
|-
|-
| skörare
|skräddaregesäll
|  
|journeyman tailor
|  
|
|-
|-
| skörvakt
|skräddarelärling
|  
|tailor's apprentice
|  
|
|-
|-
| sköttare
|skulptör
|  
|sculptor
|  
|
|-
|-
| slaktare
|skutskeppare
| meat cutter, butcher
|master of a billy boy, hoyman
|  
|
|-
|-
| slubbare, slubberska
|skådespelare
|  
|stage player, actor
|  
|
|-
|-
| S.M. Adj., S.M., S.M.A.
|skärslippare
|  
|tool, or scissor grinder (sharpener)
|  
|
|-
|-
| S.M.C., S.M. Cand.
|skördeman
|  
|harvestman, harvester, reaper
|  
|
|-
|-
| smed
|sköterska
| blacksmith
|nurse
|  
|
|-
|-
| smeddräng
|slaktardräng
|  
|butcher's man
|  
|
|-
|-
| smedsven
|slaktare
|  
|meat cutter, butcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| smältare
|S.M. Adj., S.M., S.M.A.
|  
|
|  
|see Sacri Ministerii adjunctus
|-
|-
| smältardräng
|S.M.C., S.M. Cand.
|  
|
|  
|see Sacri Ministeri Candidat
|-
|-
| smältarmästare
|smed
|  
|smith, blacksmith, forger, hammerer
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| snickare
|smedsgesäll
| carpenter
|journeyman smith
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| snörmakare
|smedsmästare
|  
|master smith
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: [[Smedskivan]]
|-
|-
| sockenrättare
|småkrämare
|  
|dealer in small wares
|  
|
|-
|-
| sockenskomakare
|smältare
|  
|smelter, melter, fuser
|  
|
|-
|-
| sockenskrivare
|smältarsmed
|  
|shingler
|  
|
|-
|-
| sockenstugubetjänt
|smörhandlare
|  
|butterman, butter merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| socknare
|snickare
|  
|joiner, cabinetmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| socknebödare
|snickarmästare
|  
|master jointer
|  
|
|-
|-
| socknelapp
|snörmakare
|  
|fringemaker, loopmaker, lacemaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| soldat
|sockenpräst
| soldier
|parish priest, parson (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| speckhök
|sockenskrivare
|  
|parish clerk, vestry clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| spetsmakare
|sockerbagare
|  
|confectioner, pastry cook
|  
|
|-
|-
| spetssmed
|sockerbruksarbetare
|  
|sugar refiner (workman)
|  
|
|-
|-
| spikdräng
|soldat
|  
|soldier
|  
|
|-
|-
| spiksmed
|speditör
|  
|forwarding shipping agent
|  
|agent who receives goods for a firm, who sends the goods to another for a fee
|-
|-
| spinnare
|spetshandlare
| spinner
|dealer in lace, lace merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| stadsbetjänt
|spetsknypplerska
|  
|female lace maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| stadsläkare
|spiksmed
|  
|nailer, person who makes nails
|  
|
|-
|-
| stallare
|spinnare
|  
|spinner
|  
|
|-
|-
| stampare
|spinnerska
|  
|female spinner, spinstress
|  
|
|-
|-
| statare, statdräng
|spinnhushjon
| farm laborer
|inmate of a house of correction
|  
|it was common to send women who broke the law to a spinnhus to serve their time
|-
|-
| statman
|stadsfogde
|  
|town bailiff
|  
|
|-
|-
| statsfru
|stadskamrer
|  
|town clerk
|  
|
|-
|-
| stattorpare
|stadsläkare
| farm laborer, usually married
|physician to the town, town doctor
|  
|
|-
|-
| stavhuggare
|statare, statsdräng
|  
|see statkarl
|  
|
|-
|-
| stekare
|statkarl
|  
|farm hand
|  
|farm worker receiving wages partly in provisions (1889)
|-
|-
| stenbrytare
|statman
|  
|statesman
|  
|
|-
|-
| stenhuggare
|statsfru
| stonecutter
|lady of state
|  
|
|-
|-
| strandsittare
|stenarbetare
|  
|stone worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| stupagreve
|stenbrytare
|  
|quarrier, quarryman
|  
|
|-
|-
| styckgjutare
|stenhuggare
|  
|stonecutter
|  
|
|-
|-
| styckjunkare
|stenkolsarbetare
| (military)
|collier
|  
|one who produces charcoal, or coal miner
|-
|-
| styreman
|stickerska
|  
|knitter, woman who knits
|  
|
|-
|-
| styrman
|strykerska
| (military)
|laundress, ironing woman
|  
|
|-
|-
| surveillant
|strängmakare
|  
|string maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| sutor
|studerande
| (latin) shoemaker
|student
| see skomakare
|
|-
|-
| svärdfejare
|styckgjutare
|  
|gun founder
|  
|
|-
|-
| sysslepåg
|styckjunkare
|  
|(military) artillery staff sergeant
|  
|see fanjunkare
|-
|-
| sågställare
|styresman
| saw setter
|governor, head, chief leader, manager, director
|  
|
|-
|-
| säckguldsmed
|styrman
|  
|(military) steersman
|  
|helmsman, steerer, navigator, pilot
|-
|-
| säjarekarl, säjarmakare
|stålarbetare
|  
|steel worker
|  
|
|-
|-
| sängvaktare
|stålsmed
|  
|steel smith
|  
|
|-
|-
| sättare
|stålmångelska
|  
|stall woman
|  
|
|-
|-
| sökare
|sutor
|  
|(latin) shoemaker
|  
|see skomakare
|-
|-
| taffelsmed
|svamphandlare
|  
|dealer in sponges, sponge merchant (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| tapetmakare
|svarvare
|  
|turner (1829, as in Lathe turning )
|  
|
|-
|-
| tappare
|svärdfejare
|  
|sword cutler, blade smith, armourer
|  
|
|-
|-
| tavernare
|symamsell
|  
|seamstress
|  
|
|-
|-
| taxeringsassistent
|sågställare
|  
|saw setter
|  
|
|-
|-
| taxeringskommissarie
|sämskmakare
|  
|see garvare
|  
|
|-
|-
| tegelbrännare
|sättare
| brickmaker, tiler
|type setter, or (military) rammer
|  
|
|-
|-
| tegelslagare
|taktäckare
| brickmoulder, tiler
|roofer
| see [[Swedish Occupation: Tegelslagare|tegelslagare]]
|
|-
|-
| tegeltäckare
|tandläkare
| tiler
|dentist, tooth drawer (1889)
|  
|
|-
|-
| tiggare
|tapetserare
| beggar
|upholsterer, or wall paper hanger
|  
|
|-
|-
| tillsierska
|tappare
|  
|tapster, bottler (1889)
|  
|tapster is another title for bartender
|-
|-
| timmerman
|tattare
| carpenter, builder
|gipsy (1829)
|  
|
|-
|-
| tinghörer
|taxeringsman
|  
|assessor
|  
|
|-
|-
| tingsskrivare
|tegelformare
|  
|brick moulder
|  
|
|-
|-
| tjuv
|tegelbrännare
| thief
|brickmaker, tiler
|  
|
|-
|-
| tjänare
|tegelslagare
| servant
|brickmoulder, tiler
|  
|see [[Swedish Occupation: Tegelslagare|tegelslagare]]
|-
|-
| tjänstehjon
|tegeltäckare
|  
|tiler
|  
|
|-
|-
| tobaksspinnare
|tehandlare
|  
|dealer in tea, tea dealer
|  
|
|-
|-
| tolvman
|tenngjutare
|  
|pewterer, tinman, tin smith
|  
|If you are researching an ancestor who worked as a smith, see: Smedskivan
|-
|-
| tornväktare
|tiggare
|  
|beggar
|  
|
|-
|-
| torpare
|timmerhuggare
| crofter, cottager
|timber cutter
|  
|
|-
|-
| tredjen, tredjer
|timmerman
|  
|carpenter, builder
|  
|
|-
|-
| tremänningssoldat
|tingsskrivare
| (military)
|copyist of court cases
|  
|
|-
|-
| trumslagare
|tjuv
| drummer
|thief
|  
|
|-
|-
| tråggesäll
|tjänare
|  
|servant
|  
|also means domestic, menial worker, or attendant
|-
|-
| trädgårdsmästare
|tjänstehjon
| gardener
|servant, menial work
|  
|see tjänare
|-
|-
| tröjekäring
|tobakshandlare
|  
|tobacco merchant
|  
|
|-
|-
| tunnbindare
|tobaksspinnare
| barrelmaker
|tobacco spinner
|  
|
|-
|-
| tunnjunkare
|tolvman
|  
|se nämdeman
|  
|
|-
|-
| ugnsgesäll
|tornväktare
|  
|tower watch
|  
|
|-
|-
| ugnsmockare
|torpare
|  
|cottager, tenant farmer, peasant
|  
|This term can have different meanings according to where you are in the country. In southern Sweden it means a farmer who is dependent on another farm (like a tenant farmer.) In northern Sweden it is more likely that the torpare owned his little farm.
|-
|-
| ullmelerare
|tresserska
|  
|braider, plaiter
|  
|
|-
|-
| underlagman
|trikotstickerska
|  
|tricot knitter,
|  
|a woman who knits tricot fabric
|-
|-
| underståtthållare
|trummare
|  
|drummer
|  
|
|-
|-
| ugnmästare
|tryckare
|  
|printer, pressman
|  
|
|-
|-
| uppblåsare
|trädgårdsmästare
|  
|gardener
|  
|
|-
|-
| utbrukare
|tullbetjänt
|  
|customs officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| utsittare
|tulltjänsteman
|  
|customs officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagndrivare
|tullvaktmästare
|  
|landing waiter
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagnkarl
|tunnbindare
|  
|barrelmaker, cooper
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagnman
|tunnelarbetare
|  
|tunneller
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagnmakare
|tvättare
| cartwright
|male launderer, washerman
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagnmästare
|tvätterska
| (military)
|washerwoman
|  
|
|-
|-
| vagnsåkare
|tvättgumma
|
|washerwoman
|  
|-
|-
| vaktare
|tältmakare
|  
|tent maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| vaktmästare
|ullfärgare
| caretaker
|wool dyer
|  
|
|-
|-
| valackare
|ullhandlare
|  
|wool merchant, trader in wool
|  
|
|-
|-
| valkare
|underlöjtnant
|  
|sub lieutenant
|  
|
|-
|-
| vallare, valldräng, vallhjon
|underofficer
|  
|non comissioned officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| vallsmed
|underståtthållare
|  
|sub governor, deputy sheriff
|  
|
|-
|-
| vandringsarbete
|urmakare
|  
|watch and clockmaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| vandringsrättare
|vagnmakare
|  
|cartwright, carriage maker
|  
|
|-
|-
| vantmakare
|vagnmästare
|  
|wagon master
|  
|
|-
|-
| vasall
|vaktare
|  
|keeper, warder, guard, watcher
|  
|
|-
|-
| verkgesäll
|vaktmästare
|  
|caretaker
|  
|
|-
|-
| vice häradshövding
|vallflicka
|  
|shepherd girl, girl tending cattle, shepherdess
|  
|
|-
|-
| vice korpral
|valkare
|  
|fuller, miller
|  
|
|-
|-
| vindgosse, vindpojke
|vallhjon
|  
|a person tending cattle in the field
|  
|
|-
|-
| vinman
|vandrare
|  
|wanderer, rambler, stroller, tramper
|  
|
|-
|-
| voltigör
|vapendragare
|  
|squire, esquire
|  
|
|-
|-
| vårdman, vårdmanskap
|vedhuggare
|  
|wood cutter
|  
|
|-
|-
| vårdskrivare
|vice häradshövding
|  
|see häradshövding
|  
|
|-
|-
| väpnare
|vicepastor
|  
|curate
|  
|a clergyman in charge of a parish, or an assistant to the clergyman in charge of a parish
|-
|-
| vävare
|vinodlare
| weaver
|wine grower
|  
|
|-
|-
| vävlagare
|vårdarinna
|  
|nurse
|  
|
|-
|-
| vävpiga
|väglagare
|  
|repairer of roads
|  
|
|-
|-
| växlare
|vävare
|  
|weaver
|  
|
|-
|-
| yrkare
|vävskedbindare
|  
|weaver's comb binder
|  
|also spelled as Skedbindare or skibindare. See pictures at: [https://digitaltmuseum.se/011024263316/vavsked] (click through pictures).
|-
|-
| yrke
|yllehandlare
| profession, occupation
|dealer of woolen cloth, woolman
|  
|
|-
|-
| åbo
|yrke
| tenant farmer with conditional, inherited lease
|occupation, profession
|  
|
|-
|-
| ålderman
|yrkesidkare
|  
|trader
|  
|
|-
|-
| ämbetsman
|yrkesman
|  
|craftsman
|  
|
|-
|-
| änglamakerska
|åbo
|  
|tenant farmer with conditional, inherited lease
|  
|
|-
|-
| ärendesman
|ålderman
|  
|head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889)
|  
|An Ålderman (also called Verkmästare) was a master who was designated as the chairman of the guild. Guild members would decide who would be the ålderman. He represented the guild to outside groups, monitored the apprentice contracts, and the placement of both apprentices and journeymen to masters. He issued the travel papers for the journeymen, controlled the journeyman society, and exercised opinion on judicial matters to the guild court in cases of misconduct. He monitored control of the master’s products, and gave permission to the widows of masters to continue their deceased husbands work. Together with the Rådbisittare, the Ålderman represented the guild to the city magistrate. The position of Ålderman was for life.
|-
|-
| ärlingsman
|ämbetsman
|  
|government official, crown officer
|  
|
|-
|-
| ödegårdsman
|överbefalhavare
|  
|commander in chief
|  
|
|-
|-
| överman
|överkonstapel
|  
|(military) corporal
|  
|
|-
|-
| överståthållare  
|överståthållare
|  
|governor
|  
|
|-
|-
| 12man
|ölbryggare
|  
|beer brewer
|  
|
|}
|}


<br>
<br>
 
=== References  ===
 
Anderson, Kent &amp; Anderö, Henrik, <u>Ordbok för släktforskare</u>, ICA Bokfölag, Västerås 2006 <br>
 
Björkman, C. G. <u>Svensk - Engelskt Ordbok.</u> P. A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockholm 1889
 
Deleen, Carl. <u>Swedish and English Pocket -Dictionary eller Swenskt och Engelskt Hand-Lexikon.</u> N. M. Lindh, Örebro 1829
 
Family History Dept, <u>Genealogical Word List: Sweden</u>, Salt Lake City, 1997 <br>
 
Gernandt,C. E., <u>Nordisk Familjebok</u>, Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg] , Feb. 2011 See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok ]<br>  


Harlock, Walter E., <u>Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga</u>, P. A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockholm 1944<br>  
== References ==
Anderson, Kent &amp; Henrik Anderö.''Ordbok för släktforskare''. ICA Bokfölag, Västerås 2006 <br>
Björkman, Carl Gustaf. ''Svensk engelsk ordbok''. P.A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockhholm 1889. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXstAAAAYAAJ&dq=Svensk%20Engelsk%20Ordbok&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false Svensk engelsk ordbok]<br>
Deleen, Carl. ''Swedish and English Pocket Dictionarey''. N.M. Lindh, Örebro 1829. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=BMEDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Swedish%20and%20English%20Pocket%20Dictionary&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=false Swedish and English Pocket Dictionary]<br>
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. ''Genealogical Word List: Swedish''. Salt Lake City, 1989. {{FSDL|250107}}<br>
Gernandt, C. E. ''Nordisk Familjebok''. Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg], Feb. 2011. See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok]<br>
Harlock, Walter E. ''Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga''. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Söner, Stockholm 1944<br>
Stockholm Stadsarkiv. "Rådbisittare", ''Källhandbok till Skråarkiven''. Stockholm, 2010<br>
Widegren, Gustaf. ''Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon''. Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Svenskt+och+Engelsk+Lexikon+1788&source=bl&ots=hqFS9d0VjN&sig=gF2ZdkoIoOtAMTSEDZbL8kr3MNs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H4wFUK_IM8KOrAHAsajJCA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Svenskt%20och%20Engelsk%20Lexikon%201788&f=false Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon]<br>


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