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Sweden Business and Occupations: Difference between revisions
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This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br> | This occupational word list is under construction. As of February 2013 there are over 800 occupations listed. The intention is to improve this list over time. Keep in mind there are some words that do not have a good English translation. See the references at the bottom of the page for all the sources used in building this list. <br> | ||
{| class="sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Occupation | !Occupation | ||
!Short definition | !Short definition | ||
! | !Full definition | ||
|- | |- | ||
|abbot | |abbot | ||
| Line 38: | Line 37: | ||
|accismästare | |accismästare | ||
|customs officer | |customs officer | ||
| | |Customs officer, who collected duty on goods at the entrance of a city (Lilla landtullen). He also made sure the merchants and the tradesmen paid duty on their goods they had in stock. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ackuschörska | |ackuschörska | ||
| Line 46: | Line 45: | ||
|adelsbussar | |adelsbussar | ||
|(military) soldier of lower rank | |(military) soldier of lower rank | ||
| | |A soldier of lower rank and less pay than a non-commissioned officer but with higher pay than the enlisted soldier. Often a young nobleman, who joined the army as a volunteer. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|adelsman | |adelsman | ||
| Line 166: | Line 165: | ||
|arrendator | |arrendator | ||
|tenant farmer, leaseholder | |tenant farmer, leaseholder | ||
| | |A person whose occupation is based upon a lease agreement (''arrendekontrakt''). This contract could be for the usage of land, hunting rights, or the use of outbuildings in exchange for an agreed amount of money, commodities, or land products. The contract was subject to specific conditions of usage and dates of validity that were agreed upon between the lessor and lessee. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|artillerist | |artillerist | ||
| Line 334: | Line 333: | ||
|befallningsman (konungens) | |befallningsman (konungens) | ||
|county governor | |county governor | ||
|Also seen as abbreviation befalm. | |Also seen as abbreviation ''befalm''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|befaren båtsman | |befaren båtsman | ||
| Line 1,618: | Line 1,617: | ||
|klampare | |klampare | ||
|a foreman at a lumberyard | |a foreman at a lumberyard | ||
| | |A foreman or supervisor at a lumberyard whose task it is to oversee the sorting of wood that is left over from the saw mill. This sorting was organized into six classifications. The classifications vary according to the production. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|klensmed | |klensmed | ||
| Line 1,626: | Line 1,625: | ||
|klockare, klr. | |klockare, klr. | ||
|parish clerk | |parish clerk | ||
| | |During the Middle Ages the klockare was responsible for maintaining and ringing the church bells. Over time, the klockare was given additional duties to assist the parish priest. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|klockgjutare | |klockgjutare | ||
| Line 2,754: | Line 2,753: | ||
|rådbisittare | |rådbisittare | ||
|city councilman | |city councilman | ||
|member of the city council | |The primary purpose of a rådbisittare was to oversee the guilds in a city. The rådbisittare was a member of the city council under the mayor (borgmästare) or magistrate. The assignment of a rådbisittare was to watch over the guilds by attending guild meetings. He also worked with the ålderman to take care of economic matters. The position of rådbisittare was for life. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rådman | |rådman | ||
| Line 2,814: | Line 2,813: | ||
|sexmän | |sexmän | ||
|type of parish law enforcement | |type of parish law enforcement | ||
| | |In older times the sexmän were a type of police authority for the discipline and order within a parish. The sexmän fined people for being disruptive during church services, sleeping during church services, drunkenness at banquets, or even sexual offenses. They expressed their charges at the parish council in turn, or according to turn based on the commons of each rote. The number of sexmän varied according to the size of the parish. The purpose of sexmän in a parish was deminished after the municipal reforms of 1862. After 1862 the sexmän were occasionally used to support municipal or church councils by delivering notifications or summons to appear before the respective councils (mostly from church councils.) By the early 1900’s the function of the sexmän was given to the fjärdingsman or village patrolmen. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|silkhandlare | |silkhandlare | ||
| Line 3,413: | Line 3,412: | ||
|ålderman | |ålderman | ||
|head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889) | |head man of a company, headmaster (1829), ålderman (1889) | ||
| | |An Ålderman (also called Verkmästare) was a master who was designated as the chairman of the guild. Guild members would decide who would be the ålderman. He represented the guild to outside groups, monitored the apprentice contracts, and the placement of both apprentices and journeymen to masters. He issued the travel papers for the journeymen, controlled the journeyman society, and exercised opinion on judicial matters to the guild court in cases of misconduct. He monitored control of the master’s products, and gave permission to the widows of masters to continue their deceased husbands work. Together with the Rådbisittare, the Ålderman represented the guild to the city magistrate. The position of Ålderman was for life. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ämbetsman | |ämbetsman | ||
| Line 3,436: | Line 3,435: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 3,445: | Line 3,444: | ||
Gernandt, C. E. ''Nordisk Familjebok''. Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg], Feb. 2011. See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok]<br> | Gernandt, C. E. ''Nordisk Familjebok''. Halmstad, 1876 - 1899 (1st ed.): 1904 - 1926 (2nd ed.) published online through [http://runeberg.org/admin/ Projekt Runeberg], Feb. 2011. See [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk Familjebok]<br> | ||
Harlock, Walter E. ''Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga''. P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm 1944<br> | Harlock, Walter E. ''Svensk - Engelsk Ordbok: Skolupplaga''. P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm 1944<br> | ||
Stockholm Stadsarkiv. "Rådbisittare", ''Källhandbok till Skråarkiven''. Stockholm, 2010<br> | |||
Widegren, Gustaf. ''Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon''. Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Svenskt+och+Engelsk+Lexikon+1788&source=bl&ots=hqFS9d0VjN&sig=gF2ZdkoIoOtAMTSEDZbL8kr3MNs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H4wFUK_IM8KOrAHAsajJCA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Svenskt%20och%20Engelsk%20Lexikon%201788&f=false Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon]<br> | Widegren, Gustaf. ''Svenskt och Engelskt Lexicon''. Johan A. Carlbohm, Stockholm 1788. Available as a PDF for free through Google Books at [http://books.google.com/books?id=hIECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Svenskt+och+Engelsk+Lexikon+1788&source=bl&ots=hqFS9d0VjN&sig=gF2ZdkoIoOtAMTSEDZbL8kr3MNs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H4wFUK_IM8KOrAHAsajJCA&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Svenskt%20och%20Engelsk%20Lexikon%201788&f=false Svenskt och Engelsk Lexicon]<br> | ||
[[Category:Sweden]] | [[Category:Sweden]] | ||
[[Category:WikiProject Sweden|Directories]] | [[Category:WikiProject Sweden|Directories]] | ||
[[Category:Sweden Business and Occupations]] | |||