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Arabic Genealogical Word List (view source)

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|-
|-
|<big>ء</big>
|<big>ء</big>
|none
|<big>ء</big>
|<big>ء</big>
|<big>ء</big>
|<big>ء</big>
|<big>ء</big>
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The diwani script was developed during the Ottoman Empire and was primarily used for writing official government decrees. It is characterized by the intertwining of adjacent letters, making it difficult to read<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Diwani," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwani, accessed 17 Oct 2024.</ref>. Researchers are unlikely to encounter the diwani style in genealogical records.
The diwani script was developed during the Ottoman Empire and was primarily used for writing official government decrees. It is characterized by the intertwining of adjacent letters, making it difficult to read<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Diwani," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwani, accessed 17 Oct 2024.</ref>. Researchers are unlikely to encounter the diwani style in genealogical records.


'''More Resources:'''* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwani Wikipedia - Diwani]
'''More Resources:'''
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwani Wikipedia - Diwani]
*[https://www.emashq.com/wp/diwani-calligraphy-style/ eMashq.com - The Diwani Calligraphy style]
*[https://www.emashq.com/wp/diwani-calligraphy-style/ eMashq.com - The Diwani Calligraphy style]
=== Arabic Grammar ===
==== Noun Gender ====
Arabic has two grammatical genders, male and female. Most female nouns end in a taa' marbuta (<big>ة</big>), although there are notable exceptions, including several family terms like <big>أُمّ</big> (umm - "mother") and <big>بِنْت</big> (bint - "daughter"). Almost no masculine nouns end in taa' marbuta. There are different verb conjugations for masculine and feminine nouns.
==== Dual Nouns ====
Pairs of nouns are treated differently than groups of three or more and are not considered plural. To create a dual noun, simply add the ending <big>انِ</big>- or <big>يْنَِ</big>- (-ān or -ayn), depending on case, to the single noun. For example, the singular word for daughter, <big>بِنْت</big> (bint), becomes <big>بِنْتان</big> or <big>بِنْتَيْن</big> (bintān or bintayn), meaning "two daughters".
==== Plural Nouns ====
Arabic does not have a "one size fits all" system of pluralizing nouns. There are multiple systems of pluralization, some involving adding suffixes to nouns while others "break" the singular form of the noun, sometimes adding additional vowels or a hamza (<big>ء</big>) to the middle of the word. For example, the word for "grandmother", <big>جَدّة</big> (jaddah), becomes <big>جَدّات</big> (jaddāt) for "grandmothers", adding the suffix "ا<big>ت-"</big> (-āt) that is used for most human feminine nouns. However, the word <big>زَوْج</big> (zawj), meaning "husband", becomes <big>أَزْواج</big> (azwāj) for "husbands". Here, the singular version of the noun is "broken" and its principle letters re-arranged to form the plural.
The Arabic counting system works differently than English and many other languages. While singular nouns are treated as such, pairs of nouns are considered dual rather than plural, as described above. Nouns in groups of 3 to 10 are changed to their plural form, but from 11 to 102 they revert to their single form. For example, "thirty-three husbands" would be written as "thirty-three husband", or "<big>ثَلاثَة وَثَلاثون زَوْجًا</big>" (thalāthah wa thalāthūn zawjan), using the singular "<big>زَوْج</big>" (plus an additional case marking) instead of the plural form "<big>أَزْواج</big>". From 103-110, the plural form is used again, with the singular taking over from 111-202. The pattern continues thus.
== Additional Arabic Language Resources ==
== Additional Arabic Language Resources ==


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!'''Arabic'''
!'''Arabic'''
!Transliteration
!Transliteration
!Plural
!Transliteration
|-
|genealogy (field of study)
|<big>عِلْم الأَنْساب</big>
|ʿilm al-ʾansāb
|<big>عُلوم الأَنْساب</big>
|ʿulūm al-ʾansāb
|-
|family history
|<big>تاريخ عائلي</big>
|tārīkh ʿāʾili
| -
| -
|-
|lineage, genealogy
|<big>نَسَب</big>
|nasab
|<big>الأَنْساب</big>
|ʾansāb
|-
|-
|birth
|birth
|<big>وِلادة, ميلاد</big>
|<big>وِلادة, ميلاد</big>
|wilādah, mīlād
|wilādah, mīlād
|<big>وِلادات, مَواليد</big>
|wilādāt, mawālīd
|-
|-
|death
|death
|<big>مَوْت , وَفاة</big>
|<big>مَوْت , وَفاة</big>
|mawt, wafāh
|mawt, wafāh
|<big>أَموْات</big>
|amwāt
|-
|-
|marriage
|marriage
|<big>زَواج , قِران , زِفاف</big>
|<big>زَواج , قِران , زِفاف</big>
|zawāj, qirān, zifāf
|zawāj, qirān, zifāf
|<big>زَواجات،  زِفافات</big>
|zawājāt, zifāfāt
|-
|-
|burial
|burial
|<big>دَفْن</big>
|<big>دَفْن</big>
|dafn
|dafn
|<big>أَدْفان</big>
|adfān
|-
|cemetery
|<big>مَقْبَرَة</big>
|maqbarah
|<big>مَقابِر</big>
|maqābir
|-
|-
|month
|date
|<big>شَهْر</big>
|<big>تاريخ</big>
|šahr
|tārīkh
|<big>تواريخ</big>
|tawārīkh
|-
|-
|day
|day
|<big>يَوْم</big>
|<big>يَوْم</big>
|yawm
|yawm
|<big>أيَام</big>
|ayām
|-
|month
|<big>شَهْر</big>
|šahr
|<big>أَشْهُر</big>
|ašhur
|-
|-
|year
|year
|<big>سِنة</big>
|<big>سَنة، عام</big>
|sinah
|sanah, ʿām
|<big>سَنَوات، سِنون، أَعْوام</big>
|sanawāt, sinūn, ʾawām
|-
|calendar
|<big>تَقْويم</big>
|taqwīm
|<big>تَقاويم، تَقْويمات</big>
|taqāwīm, taqwīmāt
|-
|hijri (referring to the Islamic calendar)
|<big>هِجْريّ</big>
|hijri
|<big>هِجْريّة</big>
|hijriyah
|-
|B.C., B.C.E.
|<big>قَبْل الميلاد</big>
|qabl al-mīlād
| -
| -
|-
|A.D., C.E.
|<big>ميلاديّ</big>
|mīlādi
|<big>ميلاديّ</big>
|mīlādiyah
|-
|-
|family name
|family name
|<big>اِسْم العائِلة</big>
|<big>اِسْم العائِلة</big>
|ism al-ʿāʾilah
|ism al-ʿāʾilah
|<big>أَسْماء العائِلة</big>
|ʾasmāʾ al-ʿāʾilah
|-
|-
|first name
|first name
|<big>الاِسْم الأَوَّل</big>
|<big>الاِسْم الأَوَّل</big>
| al-ism al-awwal
| al-ism al-awwal
|<big>الأسْماء الأُولى</big>
|al-ʾasmāʾ al-ʾula
|-
|title, nickname
|<big>لَقَب</big>
|laqab
|<big>أَلْقاب</big>
|ʾalqāb
|-
|birthplace, hometown
|<big>رَأْس مَسْقَط</big>
|raʾs masqaṭ
|<big>رُؤوس مَسْقَط</big>
|ruʾūs masqaṭ
|-
|house
|<big>بَيْت</big>
|bayt
|<big>بُيوت</big>
|buyūt
|-
|street
|<big>شارِع</big>
|shāriʿ
|<big>شوارِع</big>
|shawāriʿ
|-
|-
|village
|village
|<big>قَرِية</big>  
|<big>قَرِية</big>  
|qariyah
|qariyah
|<big>قُرى</big>
|qura
|-
|-
|town
|town
|<big>بَلْدة</big>
|<big>بَلْدة</big>
|baldah
|baldah
|<big>بَلْدات</big>
|baldāt
|-
|-
|city
|city
|<big>مَدينة</big>
|<big>مَدينة</big>
|madīnah
|madīnah
|<big>مُدُن</big>
|mudun
|-
|-
|country
|country
|<big>بَلَد , دَوْلة</big>
|<big>بَلَد , دَوْلة</big>
|balad, dawlah
|balad, dawlah
|<big>بِلاد , دُوَل</big>
|bilād, duwal
|-
|family
|<big>عائِلة، أُسْرَة</big>
|ʿāʾilah, ʾusrah
|<big>عائِلات، أُسَر</big>
|ʿāʾilāt, ʾusar
|-
|tribe, clan
|<big>قَبيلة، عَشيرة</big>
|qabīlah, ʿašīrah
|<big>قَبائل، عَشائر</big>
|qabāʾil, ʿašāʾir
|-
|noble, highborn; descendent of Muhammad
|<big>شَريف</big>
|šarīf
|<big>شُرَفاء</big>
|šurafāʾ
|-
|military, army (noun)
|<big>جَيْش</big>
|jayš
|<big>جُيوش</big>
|juyūš
|-
|military (adjective)
|<big>عَسْكَريّ</big>
|ʿaskari
|<big>عَسْكَريّون</big>
|ʿaskariūn
|-
|government
|<big>حُكومَة</big>
|ḥukūmah
|<big>حُكومات</big>
|ḥukūmāt
|-
|religion
|<big>ديانة</big>
|diyānah
|<big>ديانات</big>
|diyānāt
|-
|Muslim
|<big>مُسْلِم</big>
|muslim
|<big>مُسْلِمون</big>
|muslimūn
|-
|Christian
|<big>مَسيحيّ، نَصْرانيّ</big>
|masīḥi, naṣrāni
|<big>مَسيحيّون، نَصارى</big>
|masīḥiūn, naṣāri
|-
|Jew, Jewish
|<big>يَهوديّ</big>
|yahūdi
|<big>يَهود</big>
|yahūdi
|-
|mosque
|مَسْجِد، جامِع
|masjid, jāmiʿ
|<big>مَساجِد، جَوامِع</big>
|masājid, jawāmi ʿ
|-
|church
|<big>كَنيسَة</big>
|kanīsah
|<big>كَنائِس</big>
|kanāʾis
|-
|record
|<big>سِجِلّ</big>
|sijill
|<big>سِجِلّات</big>
|sijillāt
|-
|document
|<big>وَثيقَة</big>
|wathīqah
|<big>وَثائِق</big>
|wathāʾiq
|-
|archive
|<big>أَرْشيف</big>
|ʾaršīf
| -
| -
|-
|index
|<big>فِهْرِس</big>
|fihris
|<big>فَهارِس</big>
|fahāris
|-
|census
|<big>تِعْداد سُكانيّ</big>
|tiʿdād sukāni
|<big>تِعْدادات سُكانيّة</big>
|tiʿdādāt sukāniyah
|-
|library
|<big>مَكْتَبة</big>
|maktab
|<big>مَكْتَبات</big>
|maktabāt
|}
== Numbers ==
=== Cardinal Numbers ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
!'''English'''
!'''Arabic'''
!Transliteration
|-
|-
|1 - one
|1 - one
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|-
|-
|15 - fifteen
|15 - fifteen
|<big>خَمْسَة عَشَر</big>  
|<big>خَمْسَة عَشَر</big>
|khamsat ʿašar
|khamsat ʿašar
|-
|-
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|40 - forty
|40 - forty
|<big>أَرْبَعون</big>
|<big>أَرْبَعون</big>
| ʾarbaʿūn
|ʾarbaʿūn
|-
|-
|50 - fifty
|50 - fifty
|<big>خَمْسون</big>  
|<big>خَمْسون</big>
|khamsūn
|khamsūn
|-
|-
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|<big>مِئة / مائة</big>
|<big>مِئة / مائة</big>
|miʾah
|miʾah
|}
=== Ordinal Numbers ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="40%"
!'''English'''
!'''Arabic (Masculine/Feminine)'''
!Transliteration (Masculine/Feminine)
|-
|1<sup>st</sup> - first
|<big>أَوَّل / أُولى</big>
|ʾawwal / ʾūlā
|-
|2<sup>nd</sup> - second
|<big>ثانٍ (الثاني) / ثانيَة</big>
|thānin (al-thānī) / thāniyah
|-
|3<sup>rd</sup> - third
|<big>ثالِث / ثالِثَة</big>
|thālith / thālithah
|-
|-
|4<sup>th</sup> - fourth
|<big>رابِع / رابِعَة</big>
|rābiʿ / rābiʿah
|-
|5<sup>th</sup> - fifthَ
|<big>خامِس / خامِسَة</big>
|khāmis / khāmisah
|-
| 6<sup>th</sup> - sixth
|<big>سادِس / سادِسَة</big>
|sādis / sādisah
|-
|7<sup>th</sup> - seventh
|<big>سابِع / سابِعَة</big>
|sābiʿ / sābiʿah
|-
|8<sup>th</sup> - eighth
|<big>ثامِن / ثامِنَة</big>
|thāmin / thāminah
|-
|9<sup>th</sup> - ninth
|<big>تاسِع / تاسِعَة</big>
|tāsiʿ / tāsiʿah
|-
|10<sup>th</sup> - tenth
|<big>عاشِر / عاشِرَة</big>
|ʿāšir / ʿāširah
|-
|11<sup>th</sup> - eleventh
|<big>حادي / حاديَة عَشَر</big>
|ḥādī ʿašar / ḥādiyat ʿašar
|-
|12<sup>th</sup> - twelfth
|<big>ثاني / ثانيَة عَشَر</big>
|thānī ʿašar / thāniyat ʿašar
|}
|}


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!'''Arabic'''
!'''Arabic'''
!'''Transliteration'''
!'''Transliteration'''
!Plural
!Transliteration
|-
|-
|father
|father
|<big>أَب</big>
|<big>أَب، والِد</big>
|ʾab
|ʾab, wālid
|<big>آباء، والِدون</big>
|ʾābāʾ, wālidūn
|-
|-
|mother
|mother
|<big>أُمّ</big>
|<big>أُمّ، والِدة</big>
|ʾumm
|ʾumm, wālidah
|<big>أُمَّهات، والِدات</big>
|ʾummahāt, wālidāt
|-
|-
|son
|son
|<big>اِبْن، وَلَد</big>
|<big>اِبْن، وَلَد</big>
|ibn, walad
|ibn, walad
|<big>أَبْناء، أَوْلاد</big>
|ʾabnāʾ, ʾawlād
|-
|-
|daughter
|daughter
|<big>اِبْنة، بِنْت</big>
|<big>اِبْنة، بِنْت، وَلَدَة</big>
|ibnah, bint
|ibnah, bint, waladah
|<big>اِبْنات، بِنات، وَلَدات</big>
|ibnāt, bināt, waladāt
|-
|-
|brother
|brother
|<big>أَخ , شَقيق</big>
|<big>أَخ، شَقيق</big>
|ʾakh, šaqīq
|ʾakh, šaqīq
|<big>إِخْوان، إِخْوَة، أَشِقّاء</big>
|ʾikhwān, ʾikhwah, ʾašiqqāʾ
|-
|-
|sister
|sister
|<big>أُخْت، شَقيقة</big>
|<big>أُخْت، شَقيقة</big>
|ʾukht, šaqīqah
|ʾukht, šaqīqah
|<big>أَخَوات، شَقيقات</big>
|ʾakhawāt, šaqīqāt
|-
|-
|wife
|wife
|<big>زَوْجة</big>
|<big>زَوْجة</big>
|zawjah
|zawjah
|<big>زَوْجات</big>
|zawjāt
|-
|-
|husband
|husband
|<big>زَوْج</big>
|<big>زَوْج</big>
|zawj
|zawj
|<big>أَزْواج</big>
|azwāj
|-
|-
|grandfather
|grandfather
|<big>جَدّ</big>
|<big>جَدّ</big>
|jadd
|jadd
|<big>أَجْداد</big>
|ajdād
|-
|-
| grandmother
| grandmother
|<big>جَدّة</big>
|<big>جَدّة</big>
|jaddah  
|jaddah  
|<big>جَدّات</big>
|jaddāt
|-
|-
|grandson
|grandson
|<big>حَفيد</big>
|<big>حَفيد</big>
|ḥafīd
|ḥafīd
|<big>أَحْفاد</big>
|aḥfād
|-
|-
|granddaughter
|granddaughter
|<big>حَفيدة</big>
|<big>حَفيدة</big>
|ḥafīdah
|ḥafīdah
|<big>حَفيدات</big>
|ḥafīdāt
|-
|-
|paternal uncle
|paternal uncle
|<big>عَمّ</big>
|<big>عَمّ</big>
|ʿamm
|ʿamm
|<big>أَعْمام</big>
|ʾaʿmām
|-
|-
|maternal uncle
|maternal uncle
|<big>خال</big>
|<big>خال</big>
|khāl
|khāl
|<big>أَخْوال</big>
|ʾakhwāl
|-
|-
|paternal aunt
|paternal aunt
|<big>عَمّة</big>
|<big>عَمّة</big>
|ʿammah
|ʿammah
|<big>عَمّات</big>
|ʿammāt
|-
|-
|maternal aunt
|maternal aunt
|<big>خالة</big>
|<big>خالة</big>
|khālah
|khālah
|<big>خالات</big>
|khālāt
|-
|-
|paternal male cousin
|paternal male cousin
|<big>اِبْن العَمّ</big>
|<big>اِبْن العَمّ</big>
|ibn al-ʿamm
|ibn al-ʿamm
|<big>أَبْناء العَمّ</big>
|ʾabnāʾ al-ʿamm
|-
|-
|maternal male cousin
|maternal male cousin
|<big>اِبْن الخال</big>
|<big>اِبْن الخال</big>
|ibn al-khāl
|ibn al-khāl
|<big>أَبْناء الخال</big>
|ʾabnāʾ al-khāl
|-
|-
|paternal female cousin
|paternal female cousin
|<big>بِنْت العَمّ</big>
|<big>بِنْت العَمّ</big>
|bint al-ʿamm
|bint al-ʿamm
|<big>بِنات العَمّ</big>
|bināt al-ʿamm
|-
|-
|maternal female cousin
|maternal female cousin
|<big>بِنْت الخال</big>
|<big>بِنْت الخال</big>
|bint al-khāl
|bint al-khāl
|<big>بِنات الخال</big>
|bināt al-khāl
|-
|-
|nephew (brother's son)
|nephew (brother's son)
|<big>اِبْن الأَخ</big>
|<big>اِبْن الأَخ</big>
|ibn al-ʾakh
|ibn al-ʾakh
|<big>أَبْناء الأَخ</big>
|ʾabnāʾ al-ʾakh
|-
|-
|nephew (sister's son)
|nephew (sister's son)
|<big>اِبْن الأُخْت</big>
|<big>اِبْن الأُخْت</big>
|ibn al-ʾukht
|ibn al-ʾukht
|<big>أَبْناء الأُخْت</big>
|ʾabnāʾ al-ʾukht
|-
|-
|niece (brother’s daughter)
|niece (brother’s daughter)
|<big>اِبْنة/بِنْت الأَخ</big>
|<big>بِنْت الأَخ</big>
|ibnat/bint al-ʾakh
|bint al-ʾakh
|<big>بِنات الأَخ</big>
|bināt al-ʾakh
|-
|-
|niece (sister’s daughter)
|niece (sister’s daughter)
|<big>اِبْنة/بِنْت الأُخْت</big>
|<big>بِنْت الأُخْت</big>
|ibnat/bint al-ʾukht
|bint al-ʾukht
|<big>بِنات الأُخْت</big>
|bināt al-ʾukht
|-
|son-in-law, brother-in-law
|<big>صِهْر، نَسيب</big>
|ṣihr, nasīb
|<big>أَصْهار، أَنْسِباء</big>
|ʾaṣhār, ʾansibāʾ
|-
|sister-in-law
|<big>صِهْرَة</big>
|ṣihrah
|<big>صِهْرات</big>
|ṣihrāt
|-
|-
|ancestor, predecessor
|<big>سَلَف</big>
|salaf
|<big>أَسْلاف</big>
|ʾaslāf
|}
|}


==Dates/Time==
==Dates/Time==
===Aramaic months used in the Levant===
===Aramaic Months Used in the Levant===
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
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===Gregorian calendar months===
===Gregorian Calendar Months===


*''[http://www.islamicity.org/hijri-gregorian-converter/?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Islamic Calendar converter]''
*''[http://www.islamicity.org/hijri-gregorian-converter/?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Islamic Calendar converter]''
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|-
|-
|}
|}
<br>


=== Hijri Calendar Months ===
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|'''Arabic'''
|'''Pronunciatioin'''
|-
|<big>مُحَرَّم</big>
|Muḥarram
|-
|<big>صَفَر</big>
|Ṣafar
|-
|<big>رَبيع الأَوَّل</big>
|Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal
|-
|<big>رَبيع الثاني</big>
|Rabīʿ al-Thānī
|-
|<big>جُمادى الأُولى</big>
|Jumādā al-ʾAwwal
|-
|<big>جُمادى الآخِرَة</big>
|Jumādā al-Thānī
|-
|<big>رَجَب</big>
|Rajab
|-
|<big>شَعْبان</big>
|Shaʿbān
|-
|<big>رَمَضان</big>
|Ramaḍān
|-
|<big>شَوّال</big>
|Shawwāl
|-
|<big>ذُو القَعْدَة</big>
|Dhū al-Qaʿdah
|-
|<big>ذُو الحِجَّة</big>
|Dhū al-Ḥijjah
|}
===Days of the Week===
===Days of the Week===
[[Category:Word List]]
[[Category:Word List]]
Pjamesv98
Reviewer, editor
1,317

edits

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