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Updated links, worldcat and FSDL references, alphabetized "History" books, added full URL in References at bottom
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===Introduction=== | ===Introduction=== | ||
The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe is primarily associated with the state of Texas<ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002 | The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe is primarily associated with the state of Texas | ||
<ref>Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 134, 12 July 2002, http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/lists/FederallyRecognized2002.pdf, accessed 23 October 2024</ref> | |||
and has been since the early 1800s. Prior to that, they were associated with the Creek Confederacy in the Southeastern United States. | |||
'''Alabama-Coushatta is Recognized by and eligible to receive services from the BIA.''' | '''Alabama-Coushatta is Recognized by and eligible to receive services from the BIA.''' | ||
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* Served By: BIA Region: [https://www.bia.gov/regional-office/southern-plains-region Southern Plains Region] | * Served By: BIA Region: [https://www.bia.gov/regional-office/southern-plains-region Southern Plains Region] | ||
* Regional Office: [https://www.bia.gov/bia-agency/southern-plains-regional-office Southern Plains Regional Office] | * Regional Office: [https://www.bia.gov/bia-agency/southern-plains-regional-office Southern Plains Regional Office] | ||
'''Alabama-Coushatta Tribe BIA Area Office (Archived by NARA):''' | |||
* 1926-1956: [https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10566617 Anadarko Area Office] (National Archives at Fort Worth) | |||
=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
'''Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas'''<br>571 State Park Road 56<br>Livingston, TX 77351<br>Phone: 936-563-1100<br>[https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/ | '''Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas'''<br>571 State Park Road 56<br>Livingston, TX 77351<br>Phone: 936-563-1100<br>[https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/ Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas] | ||
=== History === | === History === | ||
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* [[Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation (Texas)]] | * [[Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation (Texas)]] | ||
'''History | '''History''' | ||
* | *''A History of the Presbyterian Church in Texas,'' by William Stuart Red. Austin, Texas: Steck Co., c1936. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|263688}}; {{WorldCat|2479541|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
* | *''Alabama-Coushatta Indians: (Creek),'' by Daniel Jacobson. New York, New York : Garland Pub. Co., 1974. {{FSC|638438|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861j}}; {{WorldCat|866345290|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
* | *''Journey to the West: The Alabama and Coushatta Indians,'' by Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, c2008. {{FSC|1840203|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 Sh91j}}; {{WorldCat|213466158|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
* | *''Sam Houston’s Indians: The Alabama-Coushatti,'' by Prairie View Malone. San Antonio, Texas: Naylor Co., c1960. {{FSC|55672|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 M297s}}; {{WorldCat|2532307|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
* | *''Texas Indian Papers,'' edited by Dorman H. Winfrey. Austin, Texas: Texas State Library, 1959-61. {{WorldCat|3307839|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' Vol. 1 (1825-1843) - {{FSDL|848459}} | ||
*''The Alabama-Coushatta Indians,'' by Jonathan B. Hook. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, c1997. {{FSC|730279|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 AL41h}}; {{WorldCat|37155951|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | |||
*''The Alabama Indians of East Texas,'' by Mary Donadson Wade. Livingston, Texas: Polk County Enterprise, 1936. {{WorldCat|2697703|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|569246}} | |||
*''The Indians of Texas: An Annotated Research Bibliography,'' by Michael L. Tate. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, c1986. {{FSC|426420|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 T187i}}; {{WorldCat|12557377|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | |||
''' | '''Additional Resources''' | ||
* [https://www.doi.gov/tribes/trace-ancestry A Guide to Tracing your American Indian and Alaska Native Ancestry] - U.S. Department of the interior. | * [https://www.doi.gov/tribes/trace-ancestry A Guide to Tracing your American Indian and Alaska Native Ancestry] - U.S. Department of the interior. | ||
* [https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans American Indian and Alaska Native Records in the National Archives] | * [https://ftp.txdot.gov/pub/txdot-info/env/toolkit/415-01-rpt.pdf Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas Research Report] – Texas Department of Transportation | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%E2%80%93Coushatta_Tribe_of_Texas Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas] – Wikipedia | |||
* [https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/ Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas] - Tribe Web Site | |||
* [https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans American Indian and Alaska Native Records in the National Archives] - National Archives and Records Administration. | |||
* [https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/alabama-coushatta-indians Alabama-Coushatta Indians] – Texas State Historical Association | |||
* [https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/americanindiangenealogy American Indian Genealogy Research] - Texas State Library and Archives Commission | |||
* [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Alabama_Coushatta_Indians/K7tctLE7-EEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Sam+Houston%27s+Indians+the+Alabama+Coushatta&pg=PA127&printsec=frontcover The Alabama Coushatta Indians] – Google Books – Digital preview only. | |||
* [https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1996&context=ethj The Alabama-Coushatta and their Texas Friends] – East Texas Historical Journal – A Publication of the East Texas Historical Association. | * [https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1996&context=ethj The Alabama-Coushatta and their Texas Friends] – East Texas Historical Journal – A Publication of the East Texas Historical Association. | ||
* [https://www. | * [https://www.bia.gov/guide/tracing-american-indian-and-alaska-native-aian-ancestry Tracing American Indian and Alaska Native Ancestry] – U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs. | ||
==== Brief Timeline | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
* 1540 Desoto's expedition of the South-East U.S. documented the Alabama and Coushatta. | * 1540 Desoto's expedition of the South-East U.S. documented the Alabama and Coushatta. | ||
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* 1540 the Coushatta tribes lived on islands and banks along the Tennessee River in Alabama an Tennessee. | * 1540 the Coushatta tribes lived on islands and banks along the Tennessee River in Alabama an Tennessee. | ||
* 1600s both tribes migrated to central Alabama, settling near the | * 1600s both tribes migrated to central Alabama, settling near the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. The Alabamas eventually forced smaller Creeks into the Mobile Bay area of southern Alabama. | ||
* 1702 the French began to land in Mobile Bay. The French settled among their friends, the Choctaw. Therefore, the Alabamas made the French their enemies because of disputes with the Choctaws. | * 1702 the French began to land in Mobile Bay. The French settled among their friends, the Choctaw. Therefore, the Alabamas made the French their enemies because of disputes with the Choctaws. | ||
* 1714 peace was established with the French (and by affiliation, the Choctaw). This friendship was solidified by the construction of Ft. Toulouse, on the outskirts of Alabama villages. This was near Alabama and Coushatta Villages. | * 1714 peace was established with the French (and by affiliation, the Choctaw). This friendship was solidified by the construction of Ft. Toulouse, on the outskirts of Alabama villages. This was near Alabama and Coushatta Villages. | ||
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** In addition, the reservation Independent School District was established for Indian students. | ** In addition, the reservation Independent School District was established for Indian students. | ||
* 1954, the federal government opted to relinquish trusteeship over smaller tribes including the Alabama and Coushatta. As a result, the Texas Board of Special Schools took over trusteeship of the tribes with the implication that Tribal members were now wards of the state.<ref>Bryant J. Celestine, ''Alabama-Coushata Indians'', | * 1954, the federal government opted to relinquish trusteeship over smaller tribes including the Alabama and Coushatta. As a result, the Texas Board of Special Schools took over trusteeship of the tribes with the implication that Tribal members were now wards of the state. <ref>Bryant J. Celestine, ''Alabama-Coushata Indians'', YouTube video presentation recorded at the Allen Public Library, Allen Texas, 20 October 2016. All of the foregoing brief timeline section on this page was adapted from the live presentation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5xPIPjydRo, accessed 23 October 2024</ref> | ||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
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* Many Native Americans from the Alabama – Coushatta Tribe were enumerated in Polk County Texas on the following Censuses: | * Many Native Americans from the Alabama – Coushatta Tribe were enumerated in Polk County Texas on the following Censuses: | ||
** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1417683 1880 US Census] | ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1417683 1880 US Census] | ||
** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1325221 1900 US Census | ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1325221 1900 US Census] | ||
** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1727033 1910 US Census] | ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1727033 1910 US Census] | ||
** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1488411 1920 US Census] | ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1488411 1920 US Census] | ||
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** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4464515 1950 US Census] | ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4464515 1950 US Census] | ||
Many Native Americans were enumerated at Precinct 5 in Polk County, Texas. | Many Native Americans were enumerated at Precinct 5 in Polk County, Texas. | ||
* | *The [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1325221 1900] and [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1727033 1910 U.S,] Censuses have specific inquiries relating to Native Americans. For more information, see Wiki article [[United States Special Inquiries Relating to Indians|''United States Special Inquiries Relating to Indians'']]. | ||
'''Alabama – Coushatta Tribe Deed Records''' | |||
''' | *''Deed records, 1845-1886; index, 1846-1898.'' Texas. County Court (Polk County). General index to deed records 1846-1898, Deed records v. A 1846-1898. {{FSC|220492|item|disp=FS Library film 1006879}}(+++); image number 7. | ||
*''Deed records, 1845-1886; index, 1846-1898.'' Texas. County Court (Polk County). Deed records v. D-F 1853-1857. {{FSC|220492|item|disp=FS Library film 1006881}}(+++); image 12 (pages 11-12); image 178 (starting on page 311); image 193 (starting on page 341); image 238 (pages 431-433). | |||
'''Tribal Records, of Genealogical Significance, at the Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archive website:''' | |||
* | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta-tribalarchives.org/ Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archives] | ||
* | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta-tribalarchives.org/files-histories Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archives: Files and Histories]: Includes Presbyterian Church Records, Histories, 1880 Census etc. | ||
* | *[https://9c60425e-e9f4-415c-b208-20f0399b652d.filesusr.com/ugd/9c5ec8_00ebf4a4ec93432f95c6c6d44f91405b.pdf Indian Presbyterian Church Records] : Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archives Projects | ||
* | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta-tribalarchives.org/_files/ugd/9c5ec8_a76f16c0fba8441f80b84c2947d5ef8a.pdf A Short History of the Coushattas] : Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archives Projects | ||
* | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta-tribalarchives.org/_files/ugd/9c5ec8_047d4d3a17a647509ca7876535bfdc19.pdf Alabama Indians of Texas] : The Southwestern historical Quarterly, digital copy at Alabama-Coushatta Tribal Archives Projects | ||
'''National Archive on the Alabama-Coushatta''' | '''National Archive on the Alabama-Coushatta''' | ||
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* N.D.: Record of Alabama-Coushatta households in Polk County NARA: 7RA348, Roll 2 | * N.D.: Record of Alabama-Coushatta households in Polk County NARA: 7RA348, Roll 2 | ||
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are: | |||
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are: | |||
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]] | *[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]] | ||
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=== Websites === | === Websites === | ||
* | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/ Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas] | ||
*[https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/cms/nav-18-5ef0b1897cc4a.pdf Constitution and By-Laws] of the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Texas, approved August 19, 1938 | *[https://www.alabama-coushatta.com/uploads/cms/nav-18-5ef0b1897cc4a.pdf Constitution and By-Laws] of the Alabama and Coushatta Tribes of Texas, approved August 19, 1938 | ||
* | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%E2%80%93Coushatta_Tribe_of_Texas#Reservation Alabama-Coushatta Reservation] at Wikipedia | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||