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'''Understanding customs used in surnames and given names can help you identify your ancestors in records. Learn to recognize name variations and see clues in names.''' | '''Understanding customs used in surnames and given names can help you identify your ancestors in records. Learn to recognize name variations and see clues in names.''' | ||
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===Surnames=== | ===Surnames=== | ||
Because so many components can be used (or not) in a name, the same man may be called: | Because so many components can be used (or not) in a name, the same man may be called: | ||
::Ahmad Husain | |||
::Ahmad Husain Muhammad | |||
::Ahmad bin Husain bin Muhammad | |||
::Ahmad Husain Muhammad ibn Sa’ud AL-TIKRITI | |||
::Ahmad Husain AL-TIKRITI | |||
::Abu Muhammad Ahmad Husain | |||
::Abu Muhammad (unlikely on official documents) | |||
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====Basic Components==== | ====Basic Components==== | ||
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====Even More Components==== | ====Even More Components==== | ||
The following components may also be included in a full version of an Arabic name: | The following components may also be included in a full version of an Arabic name: | ||
:a. '''ancestral name: derived from an honoured ancestor''', this name typically begins with Al- or ibn: e.g. Al-Husain, ibn Sau’d; | |||
:b. honorific title as parent: Abu… (N. Africa Bu / Bou) meaning ‘father of…’ and Umm… meaning ‘mother of…’ can be added to the beginning of a name '''in conjunction with the name of the individual’s eldest child, usually the eldest son''': | |||
:::::Abu Muhammad - ‘father of Muhammad’ | |||
:::::Umm Muhammad - ‘mother of Muhammad’. | |||
:c. '''"Abu"''' can also be used as part of a name to signify possession of a quality or feature, e.g. Abu al-Fadl (‘father of merit’). | |||
===Given Names=== | ===Given Names=== | ||
*An Arab typically has just one personal name. This may be simple, e.g. Husain, Muhammad, or may be a compound. | *An Arab typically has just one personal name. This may be simple, e.g. Husain, Muhammad, or may be a compound. | ||
*Compound names should not be separated, e.g: | *Compound names should not be separated, e.g: | ||
:*a. names beginning with Abd / Abd al / Abdul (‘servant/servant of’) combined with one of the names of Allah (‘God’): e.g. | |||
:::Abd Ullah / Abdullah | |||
:::Abd al-Rahman / Abdul-Rahman | |||
:::Abd al-Aziz / Abdul-Aziz; | |||
:*b. names ending in al-din / ad-din / el-din / eddin / uddin (‘of the religion’): e.g. Noor-al-din / Nooreddin; | |||
:*c. names ending in -allah (‘God’): e.g. Habiballah / Habib-allah. | |||
====Naming Patterns==== | ====Naming Patterns==== | ||
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*Use of European names, especially French, Greek and, to a lesser extent, Spanish ones (in Morocco). This has been a relatively recent centuries-long convention for Christian Arabs, especially in the Levant. For example: Émile Eddé, George Habash, Charles Helou, Camille Chamoun. | *Use of European names, especially French, Greek and, to a lesser extent, Spanish ones (in Morocco). This has been a relatively recent centuries-long convention for Christian Arabs, especially in the Levant. For example: Émile Eddé, George Habash, Charles Helou, Camille Chamoun. | ||
*Names in honor of Jesus Christ: | *Names in honor of Jesus Christ: | ||
:*Abd al-Yasuʿ (masc. ) / Amat al-Yasuʿ (fem.) ("Servant of Jesus") | |||
:*Abd al-Masiḥ (masc.) / Amat al-Masiḥ (fem.) ("Servant of the Messiah") | |||
*Derivations of Maseeḥ ("Messiah"): Masūḥun ("Most Anointed"), Amsāḥ ("More Anointed"), Mamsūḥ "Anointed" and Musayḥ "Infant Christ". The root, M-S-Ḥ, means "to anoint" (as in masah) and is cognate to the Hebrew Mashiah. | *Derivations of Maseeḥ ("Messiah"): Masūḥun ("Most Anointed"), Amsāḥ ("More Anointed"), Mamsūḥ "Anointed" and Musayḥ "Infant Christ". The root, M-S-Ḥ, means "to anoint" (as in masah) and is cognate to the Hebrew Mashiah. | ||
====Muhammad==== | ====Muhammad==== | ||
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*Some Iraqi Kurds and Kurds in other countries, such as Türkiye (Türkiye), have a '''geographical or tribal name''' as a last name or have adopted a '''grandfather’s or great grandfather’s personal name''' as a family name. | *Some Iraqi Kurds and Kurds in other countries, such as Türkiye (Türkiye), have a '''geographical or tribal name''' as a last name or have adopted a '''grandfather’s or great grandfather’s personal name''' as a family name. | ||
*Familial relationships: | *Familial relationships: | ||
::Kurdish women do not traditionally take their husband’s family name on marriage, although some may do so in Western societies. | |||
::Children typically adopt their father’s family name. | |||
===Given Names=== | ===Given Names=== | ||
*There are some traditional Kurdish names still in use. | *There are some traditional Kurdish names still in use. | ||
::a. male personal names: Diaco, Kochar, Redoir, Roj, Jochar, Sherko; | |||
::b. female personal names: Aveen, Awat, Dilsoz, Sidar, Zhian. | |||
*Some Kurds use their father’s/grandfather’s or mother’s/grandmother’s personal name as a middle name:e.g., | *Some Kurds use their father’s/grandfather’s or mother’s/grandmother’s personal name as a middle name:e.g., | ||
::(husband) Haval BARZANI | |||
::(wife) Aveen SINJARI | |||
::(son) Diaco Haval BARZANI | |||
::(daughter) Sidar Aveen BARZANI | |||
===For Further Reading=== | ===For Further Reading=== | ||
*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | *[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | ||
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